1. A 2009 survey of presidential rankings placed Richard Nixon 27th of 43 presidents. A 2005 survey had rated him 32nd of 43. How would you rate the Nixon presidency?
Write a brief essay describing Nixon’s achievements as president as well as an explanation of the negative impact his presidency had on the nation and why.
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In the late 1300s, a group of reformers began to criticize the church for its corruption and abuses of power. These reformers believed that the church had strayed from its original purpose of spreading the teachings of Jesus and had become focused on accumulating wealth and political power.

One of the main criticisms of the church was its sale of indulgences, which were essentially pardons for sins. Reformers saw this practice as a way for the church to make money and believed that it went against the teachings of Christianity.

The reformers also criticized the church for its hierarchy, which they saw as too focused on worldly power and not enough on spiritual leadership. They believed that the church should be more focused on serving the needs of its congregations and less focused on political power.

Overall, the reformers were calling for a return to the basic principles of Christianity and a rejection of the corruption and abuses of power that had come to define the church in the late 1300s.

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The quintessential bebop piano style developed by musicians such as Bud Powell. It has Thelonious Monk, and Art Tatum had several distinguishing characteristics.

The quintessential bebop piano texture developed by Bud Powell featured several distinctive elements:

1. Rapid and intricate melodic lines: Powell's playing was characterized by lightning-fast runs, arpeggios, and melodic embellishments. He had a remarkable technical ability that allowed him to execute complex lines with precision and speed.

2. Use of chromaticism and substitutions: Powell incorporated chromaticism into his improvisations, using notes outside of the traditional chord tones to add tension and color to his lines. He also utilized chord substitutions, replacing standard chord progressions with more harmonically complex alternatives.

3. Accented and syncopated rhythms: Powell's playing had a strong rhythmic drive, with accents and syncopations that added a sense of urgency and vitality to his performances. He would often emphasize certain beats or offbeat accents to create a dynamic and energetic feel.

4. Harmonic sophistication: Powell's improvisations showcased his deep understanding of harmony. He would explore complex chord voicings, reharmonizations, and harmonic substitutions, pushing the boundaries of traditional harmonic structures.

Overall, Bud Powell's bebop piano texture was characterized by virtuosic technique, harmonic inventiveness, and rhythmic intricacy. His playing greatly influenced subsequent generations of jazz pianists and remains highly regarded in the history of jazz piano.

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The fusion of diverse architectural styles at Petra reflects the multicultural influences and historical developments that shaped the city. Petra, an ancient Nabatean city located in modern-day Jordan, was a significant crossroads for trade routes, connecting different regions and cultures.

The architectural styles found in Petra showcase a blend of influences from various civilizations and periods. The Nabateans, who were the primary inhabitants of Petra, incorporated elements from the Hellenistic, Roman, and indigenous Nabatean cultures into their architecture.

The Hellenistic influence is evident in the monumental facades and decorative elements, such as columns and pediments, inspired by Greek and Roman architectural traditions. The Roman influence can be seen in the incorporation of Roman building techniques and architectural features, such as arches and vaults.

Additionally, the indigenous Nabatean architectural style, rooted in the local traditions and techniques, also played a significant role in the construction of structures in Petra. The ingenious use of rock-cut architecture, creating elaborate facades and intricate details directly into the sandstone cliffs, is a hallmark of Nabatean craftsmanship.

The fusion of these diverse architectural styles at Petra reflects the cosmopolitan nature of the city, influenced by the cultural interactions and exchanges that occurred along the trade routes.

It is a testament to the historical and cultural richness of the region and the skillful integration of different architectural traditions into a unique and awe-inspiring urban landscape.

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Napoleon's personality was the greatest danger to his empire because his ambition, overconfidence, and authoritarian tendencies led to costly military campaigns, strained international relations, and a failure to effectively govern his vast territories.

Napoleon's personality traits, such as his unquenchable ambition and desire for power, played a significant role in the downfall of his empire. His insatiable thirst for conquest led him to engage in numerous military campaigns, stretching his resources and manpower thin. This resulted in prolonged conflicts and heavy casualties, ultimately weakening his empire. Moreover, Napoleon's overconfidence and belief in his military genius often clouded his judgment. He underestimated the challenges posed by other European powers and misjudged the determination and resilience of his opponents. This led to costly defeats, such as the disastrous Russian campaign, which significantly weakened his military strength and exposed the vulnerabilities of his empire.

Furthermore, Napoleon's authoritarian tendencies and centralized rule undermined the principles of liberty and self-determination that were at the heart of the French Revolution. His imposition of the Napoleonic Code, suppression of political opposition, and heavy taxation on conquered territories alienated local populations and fueled the resentment against his rule.

In summary, while Napoleon's leadership brought initial successes and reforms, his traits of ambition, overconfidence, and authoritarianism ultimately proved detrimental to the stability and sustainability of his empire.

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The United States entered World War I on April 6, 1917, following a declaration of war against Germany. The entry into the war had a significant impact on various aspects of American society, including immigration.

During World War I, immigration to the United States decreased dramatically. The war and its associated events led to a series of restrictions and limitations on immigration. In 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1917, which imposed literacy tests and introduced new categories of inadmissible immigrants. Additionally, the U.S. government implemented strict security measures and heightened scrutiny of immigrants due to concerns about espionage and potential threats to national security.

Furthermore, the war created economic disruptions and labor shortages, which also contributed to a decline in immigration. Many potential immigrants faced difficulties in traveling to the United States and finding employment opportunities due to the war's impact on global mobility and the economy.

Overall, World War I had a significant influence on immigration patterns in the United States, leading to a notable decrease in immigration during that period.

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The four correct reasons why the Standing Rock Sioux protested the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline are:

The development of the pipeline raised concerns among the Standing Shake Sioux Tribe due to potential infringement of their settlement rights and the potential impacts on their arrive, water, and social assets. They were concerned around the potential defilement of their water supply from oil spills or spills, which may hurt the wellbeing of their community.

Furthermore, the pipeline's development and operation slow down social  locales along its way, driving to concerns around  the devastation of social assets.

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The Pueblos were pushed to the point of revolt when the Spaniards began to assault their religion by seizing their kivas. The kivas were sacred chambers where religious ceremonies were conducted and the Spaniards saw them as a threat to their own religion. This act was a direct attack on the Pueblo's way of life and their beliefs.

Furthermore, the Spaniards also began to take more and more of their land, which disrupted their agriculture and hunting practices. This resulted in a shortage of resources and made it difficult for the Pueblos to sustain their way of life.

As if that wasn't enough, the Spaniards also burned down their villages and forced them into conscripted labor. This was a clear violation of their human rights and dignity. The Pueblos had had enough of these injustices and began to organize themselves to fight back.

The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was a successful uprising against the Spaniards and it resulted in the expulsion of the Spanish from the region for over a decade. This event serves as a reminder that when people are pushed to their limits, they will fight back for their rights and their way of life.

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Petrarch was responsible for the spread of humanism because he was a prominent figure in the Italian Renaissance and his works helped to popularize the movement.

He was a strong advocate for the revival of classical literature and philosophy, which are central to the humanist philosophy. Petrarch's writings were widely read and his ideas spread throughout Europe, inspiring many other scholars and thinkers to embrace humanism and its emphasis on the value of human beings and their potential for greatness. Overall, Petrarch's contributions helped to shape the cultural landscape of the Renaissance and the broader development of humanism as a philosophy.

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The Congress of Vienna, led by Klemens von Metternich, had a profound impact on shaping the political landscape of Europe following the Napoleonic Wars.

While Congress aimed to restore stability and maintain the conservative order, its actions and decisions inadvertently laid the groundwork for future revolutions globally. Here are some ways in which the Congress of Vienna likely inspired future revolutions:

1. Nationalism and Self-Determination: The Congress of Vienna emphasized the principle of legitimacy, which aimed to restore pre-revolutionary monarchies. However, this often disregarded the aspirations of various nationalist movements seeking self-determination.

2. Repression and Conservative Order: The Congress of Vienna established a conservative order characterized by a hierarchical social structure, absolute monarchies, and censorship. This repressive environment stifled political dissent and limited civil liberties, eventually fueling popular discontent.

3. Spread of Revolutionary Ideas: The repression enforced by the Congress of Vienna led to the formation of secret societies and underground movements that sought political change. These clandestine organizations became breeding grounds for revolutionary ideas, fueling the dissemination of radical ideologies across borders.

4. Desire for Social and Economic Equality: The Congress of Vienna aimed to restore the pre-revolutionary social order, favoring the aristocracy and land-owning elites. This resulted in a growing divide between the privileged few and the majority of the population, exacerbating social and economic inequalities.

In conclusion, the Congress of Vienna, while attempting to establish a conservative order, inadvertently sowed the seeds of future revolutions globally. Its suppression of nationalist aspirations, repression of dissent, and preservation of social and economic inequalities created conditions that inspired future revolutionary movements driven by the desire for national identity, political change, and social equality. The Congress of Vienna's impact resonated far beyond Europe, influencing subsequent revolutions worldwide.

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The worst terrorist attack in America during the 1990s was the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City on April 19, 1995. The attack was carried out by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, both of whom were American citizens and former soldiers.

The attack was meticulously planned and executed, with the perpetrators parking a rented truck packed with explosives in front of the federal building. The resulting explosion killed 168 people, including 19 children who were in the building's daycare center, and injured over 600 others. The blast also caused extensive damage to the building and nearby structures, with the cost of the damage estimated at $650 million.

The attack was motivated by the perpetrators' anti-government beliefs and a desire to avenge the deaths of those killed in the 1993 siege of the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas. McVeigh and Nichols were both associated with right-wing militia groups that opposed federal authority and believed in the need for armed resistance against the government.

The bombing of the Murrah building remains one of the deadliest acts of domestic terrorism in U.S. history and has had a lasting impact on American society. The attack prompted a nationwide discussion about the rise of domestic terrorism and led to the passage of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, which provided law enforcement with greater tools to combat terrorism. The site of the bombing is now home to the Oklahoma City National Memorial, which honors the victims and serves as a reminder of the importance of vigilance against all forms of terrorism.

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Less than a month before the surrender of Germany, President Roosevelt died in office. This occurred on April 12, 1945, just as Allied forces were pushing into Germany from both the east and the west. The correct answer is option E.

Roosevelt's death was a shock to the nation and the world, as he had been president for over 12 years and was seen as a key figure in the Allied victory over Nazi Germany. His death led to Vice President Harry Truman assuming the presidency, and he would later make the decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan, which ultimately led to Japan's surrender and the end of the war in Asia.

Despite Roosevelt's absence, the Allied forces were able to continue their advance into Germany, and by the end of the month, Hitler was dead and Germany had surrendered. Roosevelt's legacy lived on, however, as his efforts to lead the United States and its allies during World War II helped to shape the course of history and create a new world order in the aftermath of the conflict.

Therefore, option E is the right answer.

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The Traveling Wilburys included all of the following musicians EXCEPT John Mellencamp.

The band consisted of George Harrison, Tom Petty, Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison, and Bob Dylan. John Mellencamp was not a member of the Traveling Wilburys.

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The 13th Amendment to the US Constitution was ratified on December 6, 1865, and it abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.

This amendment was a major milestone in the US history, as it finally ended the practice of slavery that had been an integral part of the country for centuries. It was passed by Congress after the end of the Civil War and was aimed at ensuring that the southern states would never again have slaves. The 14th Amendment to the US Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and it granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the US, including former slaves. This amendment also guaranteed equal protection under the law to all citizens, and it prevented the states from denying any person life, liberty, or property without due process of law. The 15th Amendment to the US Constitution was ratified on February 3, 1870, and it prohibited the states from denying the right to vote to any citizen based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This amendment was a significant step forward in terms of voting rights for African Americans, as it gave them the legal right to vote.

Taken together, these three amendments represent a major shift in US history towards greater equality and civil rights for all citizens, regardless of race or ethnicity.

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Transcendentalists inspired some people to from utopian communities.

Transcendentalism was a philosophical and literary movement in the 19th century that emphasized the importance of individual intuition, self-reliance, and the spiritual connection between humans and nature.

Transcendentalists believed in the inherent goodness of individuals and sought to break free from societal conventions and institutions that they saw as stifling human potential.

As a result of these beliefs, some individuals inspired by Transcendentalism chose to form utopian communities.

These communities were experimental societies that aimed to create ideal living conditions based on shared principles such as communal living, equality, and self-sufficiency.

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The peace agreements at the end of World War II in both Europe and the Pacific played a significant role in laying the foundation for the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States.

There were several key factors that contributed to this development:

Ideological Differences: The Soviet Union and the United States held contrasting ideologies and political systems.

The Soviet Union was a communist state, while the United States championed democracy and capitalism. These ideological differences created deep-rooted suspicions and mistrust between the two superpowers.

Division of Europe: The peace agreements, particularly the Yalta and Potsdam conferences, led to the division of Europe into two spheres of influence.

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Democritus put forth the concept of an atom because it was philosophically satisfying that particles could be divided only so small. The correct answer is e.

Democritus, an ancient Greek philosopher, proposed the concept of atoms based on philosophical reasoning rather than experimental evidence. He believed that matter could be divided into indivisible particles called atoms.

Democritus reasoned that if matter could be endlessly divided into smaller and smaller parts, there must be a point where it cannot be divided further, and these fundamental particles are the atoms.

Democritus' theory of atoms was driven by his philosophical beliefs about the nature of reality. He believed that everything in the universe was composed of atoms in different combinations and arrangements. While his ideas were speculative and lacked experimental support, they laid the foundation for the development of atomic theory in later centuries.

The correct answer is e.

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The Gilded Age was a period in American history that occurred between the Reconstruction Era and the Progressive Era, roughly from 1877 to 1896. Fast economic expansion was prevalent during the period, particularly in the North and West of the country.

Gilded, after all, is not gold, therefore Mark Twain chose the term "The Gilded Age" to represent the period's patina of splendour and the unstable underpinnings supporting industrialists' enormous acquisition of wealth.

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The Naturalization Act of 1798, passed by the Federalist majority, increased residency requirement for citizenship from five to fourteen years.

The Naturalization Act was passed as a response to the Quasi-War between France and the United States and was designed to restrict immigration and the growth of the Democratic-Republican Party, which was seen as being sympathetic to the French. The Naturalization Act was one of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress as part of the Alien and Sedition Acts, which were criticized by Democratic-Republicans as unconstitutional and a violation of civil liberties.

The Act was repealed in 1802 by the Jeffersonian Republican Party.

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The Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) was a federal program that provided financial assistance to families with children who were experiencing poverty.

This program was established in 1935 as part of the Social Security Act and aimed to provide aid to families with three or more children. The program was primarily funded by federal funds, but states could also contribute.

In 1996, the AFDC program was replaced by the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, which aimed to provide financial assistance to individuals with disabilities, including children. Unlike AFDC, the SSI program is entirely funded by the federal government and is based on an individual's income and resources, rather than family size.

The replacement of AFDC with SSI was a result of welfare reform efforts that aimed to reduce government spending and encourage self-sufficiency among recipients. While the SSI program provides assistance to individuals with disabilities, it is important to note that families with dependent children may still qualify for other forms of government assistance, such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF).

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Estudiantina is a traditional Spanish musical group composed of university students, while Tuna is a similar group originating in Portugal, known for their serenades and distinctive costumes.

Estudiantina and tuna are both traditional musical groups associated with universities, but they have some key differences.

Estudiantina is a Spanish musical ensemble typically composed of university students. They perform a variety of folk and popular music, often incorporating traditional instruments like guitars, lutes, tambourines, and castanets. Estudiantinas are known for their lively performances, colorful costumes, and energetic dances. They frequently entertain at university events, festivals, and cultural gatherings.

On the other hand, tuna is a similar musical group that originated in Portugal. Tuna groups are also composed of university students, but their focus is primarily on serenading. They traditionally wear distinctive costumes consisting of capes, berets, and sometimes even swords. Tunas typically use stringed instruments like guitars, bandurrias, and mandolins, creating a melodious and romantic ambiance. They perform serenades in public spaces, often to express admiration or courtship towards someone.

While both estudiantinas and tunas share the common element of university student participation and musical performances, their musical styles, repertoire, and cultural origins differ, giving each group its unique characteristics and traditions.

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Answer:

True this was his last act. Until his second coming

Explanation:

The most spectacular representative of absolutism in the Baroque age was Louis XIV, the King of France. His palace at Versailles is a prime example of the extravagant and opulent style of the Baroque era, with its grandiose architecture, lavish decorations, and ornate furnishings.

Louis XIV's reign was characterized by his belief in absolute monarchy, with the king holding complete power and control over all aspects of society. His court at Versailles was the center of French culture and politics, and his reign was marked by many military conquests and a flourishing of the arts and sciences.

Overall, Louis XIV's reign was a defining moment in the history of Europe, and his legacy as a symbol of absolutism in the Baroque age endures to this day.

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The early political party formed by Jefferson and Madison was the Democratic-Republican Party. They believed in the abilities of the common people and wanted to limit the power of the federal government. They were also opposed to the Alien and Sedition Acts, which they saw as an infringement on freedom of speech. The Democratic-Republican Party was dominant in American politics from 1800 to 1824.

The official triggering event of the U.S. Civil War was the secession of Southern states from the Union following the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860.

The Southern states felt that Lincoln's anti-slavery stance threatened their way of life and their right to own slaves. South Carolina was the first state to secede in December 1860, followed by six more states by February 1861. The seceding states formed the Confederate States of America and established their own government, including a constitution that explicitly protected the institution of slavery.

The Union refused to recognize the legitimacy of the Confederate government and tensions continued to escalate until the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter in April 1861, which prompted President Lincoln to call for troops to suppress the rebellion. This marked the beginning of the Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865 and resulted in the abolition of slavery and the reunification of the country.

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Answer:

Why was President Clinton's health care reform initiative unsuccessful? It was opposed by the American Medical Association. Which of the following was a problem that critics had with the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy? It still allowed gay members to serve in the military.

Explanation:

In 1996 President Clinton and Vice President Gore enacted the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, which helps people keep health insurance when they change jobs, guarantees renewability of coverage, and ensures access to health insurance for small businesses.

In the 1800s, conservative leaders in Latin America believed in maintaining strong ties with the Catholic Church, preserving the traditional social hierarchy, and upholding the power of the central government.

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It can be concluded that Indian opposition to British rule involved groups pursuing very different political goals (option b) .

One source notes the diverse array of Indian political movements, while the other highlights the varied responses of Muslim scholars to Gandhi's nonviolent approach. Additionally, there is evidence that there was a clear difference between Hindu and Muslim visions of what postwar India should be.

However, there is no clear indication that the British intentionally manipulated religious tensions for their own gain. Therefore, the best-supported conclusion is that Indian opposition to British rule was complex and multifaceted, with different groups pursuing varying political goals and visions for India's future. The correct option is b.

The complete question is:

Taken together, the two sources best support which of the following conclusions regarding the situation in British India in 1940?

a) The British skillfully manipulated religious tensions within India to rally support for the imperial war effort.

b) Indian opposition to British rule involved groups pursuing very different political goals.

c) Indian Muslim religious scholars rejected Gandhi's emphasis on nonviolence to achieve political change.

d) There was a clear difference between Hindu and Muslim visions of what postwar India should be.

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One of the major effects of the Punic Wars was the rise of Rome as a dominant power in the Mediterranean region. The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage, a powerful city-state in North Africa, from 264 BCE to 146 BCE.

The most significant outcome of the Punic Wars was Rome's victory and the subsequent destruction of Carthage in the Third Punic War. This victory solidified Rome's control over the Mediterranean and established it as the preeminent power in the region. Rome gained territories, resources, and wealth from the defeated Carthaginians, which further strengthened its position.

Additionally, the Punic Wars had significant social and economic consequences. The wars put a strain on Rome's resources and led to an increase in taxes and the exploitation of conquered territories. The influx of wealth and slaves from the defeated Carthaginians also contributed to social and economic disparities within Roman society.

Overall, the Punic Wars marked a turning point in Roman history, catapulting Rome into a position of dominance and setting the stage for its eventual expansion and transformation into a vast empire.

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The town on a promontory overlooking the Euphrates River in Syria is known as the ancient city of Mari.

Mari was an important city in the ancient world, serving as a major center of trade and politics. It was founded in the 3rd millennium BCE and flourished during the 2nd millennium BCE. The city was inhabited by various groups over time, including the Amorites, Babylonians, and Assyrians. Mari was known for its impressive architecture, including its palace complex, which was one of the largest of its time.

Excavations of the site have revealed many important artifacts and inscriptions that provide insight into the politics, society, and religion of the ancient Near East.

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