The one that will be able to pass through the membrane the easiest is small, hydrophilic molecules. The correct option is d.
What is lipid bilayer?A lipid bilayer is a polar membrane composed of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets that surround all cells in a continuous barrier.
The lipid bilayer acts as a barrier, keeping ions, proteins, and other molecules where they belong and preventing them from diffusing into areas where they should not be.
A bilayer is made up of two sheets of phospholipid molecules, each with all of its molecules aligned in the same direction.
Because small, nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic, they can easily cross the plasma membrane's phospholipid bilayer.
Because polar molecules and ions are hydrophilic, they cannot easily cross the plasma membrane's hydrophobic portion.
Thus, the correct option is d.
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corals host dinoflagellate symbionts called , which, when expelled, result in coral bleaching. because neither the coral nor its symbiont can survive alone, this relationship is called
Corals host dinoflagellate symbionts called expelled, result in coral bleaching because neither the coral nor its symbiont can survive alone, this relationship is called dinoflagellates provide nutrients from the products of photosynthesis which are essential for zooxanthellae survival.
What is endosymbiotic dinoflagellates?The endosymbiotic dinoflagellates are found in the bodies of corals. These endosymbiotic dinoflagellates are called zooxanthellae and are immobile. Being autotrophic, zooxanthellae carry out photosynthesis to produce the organic food required for corals.
Death of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates deprives the coral of organic nutrients leading to their death. This is why the endosymbiotic dinoflagellates are required for survival and productivity of coral reefs.
Therefore, Corals host dinoflagellate symbionts called expelled, result in coral bleaching because neither the coral nor its symbiont can survive alone, this relationship is called dinoflagellates provide nutrients from the products of photosynthesis which are essential for zooxanthellae survival.
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Which structure would not be found in a prokaryotic cell?
O cell wall
O cell membrane
O cytoplasm
O nucleus
Answer: Nucleus as prokaryotes don't have their DNA enclosed in the nucleus unlike eukaroytes. They contain a single loop of dna and have no Nucleus
Answer:
Nucleus
Explanation:
Prokaryotic cells have a capsule, ribosomes, DNA, cell wall, Plasma membrane, and cytoplasm. However, A nucleus is only present in eukaryotic cells.
the presence of a full bladder triggers the bladder to contract. as a little urine is released, this causes more contractions, which will completely empty the bladder. this is an example of
The event where the presence of a full bladder triggers the bladder to contract, as a little urine is released, this causes more contractions, which will completely empty the bladder, is an example of Positive feedback.
In the field of biology, positive feedback can be described as a condition in which a product that is produced through a series of events causes more of the reaction to take place. A positive feedback can be described as a kind of feedback that causes the occurrence of a positive action or action that is helpful for the body.
In the case above, the release of little urine acts as a trigger to continue the events to form more urine. Hence, this action is an example of positive feedback.
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suppose a box of cracker jacks contains one of 5 toy prizes: a small rubber ball, a whistle, a captain america decoder ring, a race car, or a magnifying glass. each prize is equally likely to be in a box. question 1. how many boxes of cracker jacks would you expect to buy until you obtain a complete set of prizes? many human skin tumors contain mutated p53 genes that probably result from excess uv exposure. one of 10 different equally likely mutations of the p53 gene always results from a single episode of excessive uv exposure; the 10 mutations remain equally likely over repeated exposures. a p53 gene must experience all 10 mutations before a tumor can develop. assume that only one mutation can occur as a result of one excessive uv skin exposure. question 2. how many excessive uv exposures would you expect are required until the p53 gene has experienced all 10 mutations?
Most malignancies include somatic TP53 mutations, which range in prevalence from 38%–50% in some cancers (such as ovarian, colorectal, head and neck, throat, and lung) to roughly 5% in others (such as primary leukaemia, sarcoma, testicular cancer, malignant melanoma, and cervical cancer).
What illness exhibits p53 mutations most frequently?The p53 tumour suppressor gene (TP53) is altered in human tumours more frequently than any other gene. Importantly, it is commonly mutated in common human cancers like glioblastomas, as well as less frequently in other serious human cancers including breast and colorectal cancers.
P53 is often altered in solid tumours; in fact, somatic p53 (TP53) gene alterations have been found in more than 50% of all human cancers. Several intracellular processes involved in cell survival, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence can be controlled by the transcription factor P53.
P53 inhibition boosts proliferation in healthy cells but slows it down in malignant cells.
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Will selection eliminate a harmful recessive allele from a population as quickly as it will remove a harmful dominant allele? Why or why not?
Answer:
no
Explanation:
you can see dominant traits on every organism that can have them, meanwhile you can have carriers for recessive traits, so there can be hidden traits, thus it will take
How do you describe a sandstone with trilobite?
A sandstone with trilobite provides information about a variety of things like dating of the sandstone, how the earth evolved and trace fossils.
Sandstone is the sedimentary rock that is very useful as it is the reservoir for petroleum and water. It contains a lot of minerals and the rock itself is used in constructions, statues, etc.
Trilobite are the marine arthropods that are now extinct. It serves as a trace fossil that provides information about the biological activities of the extinct organism. This is how evolution of the earth can be known. This biological activity also helps in dating process.
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what is the typical lifespan of a leukocyte? question 20 options: because all leukocytes are unable to undergo mitosis (cell division), their lifespan is usually only a few seconds. the lifespan of a leukocyte is approximately 120-150 days. the lifespan of a leukocyte typically is measured only in hours or days. the lifespan of a leukocyte is extremely variable, measuring in hours to years or decades. many leukocytes can live indefinitely if they are in well-protected locations.
The lifespan of leukocytes is 13-20 days, hence option 3 is correct, A leukocyte's lifespan is typically measured in hours or days.
There are three main categories of blood cells: erythrocytes (RBC), leucocytes (WBC), and platelets. Due to their lack of hemoglobin, leucocytes are also known as white blood cells (WBC). A healthy adult man has between 6000 and 8000 WBCs per milliliter of blood.
These are the immune system's cells . They shield the body from both pathogens and foreign invaders. Your body produces more white blood cells when you get sick to fight the germs, viruses, or other foreign substances that are causing your illness. Your white blood cell count rises as a result. Compared to RBCs, which have a lifespan of 120 days, WBCs only live for 13 to 20 days.
White blood cells are classified into five main categories: Lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
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what contributed to the dying out of the dinosaurs? development of birds lowering sea level worldwide meteorite impact in mexico; volcanism in india competition from mammals cold and glaciers in gondwana
Meteorite impact in Mexico; volcanism in India .Volcanism, also called vulcanism, refers to a wide range of processes and phenomena, such as volcanoes, geysers, and fumaroles, that include the surficial discharge of molten rock.
What is volcanism?Volcanism, also known as vulcanism or volcanicity, is the process of molten rock erupting onto the surface of the Earth, a planet or moon with a solid surface, and releasing lava, pyroclastic, and volcanic gases as a result.Volcanism, also called vulcanism, refers to a wide range of processes and phenomena, such as volcanoes, geysers, and fumaroles, that include the surficial discharge of molten rock, pyroclastic pieces, or hot water and steam.Although there are many other volcanic structures that might arise from erupted magma (such as cinder cones or lava domes) and processes that shape volcanoes, technically speaking there are only two major types of volcanoes: a stratovolcano and a shield volcano.To learn more about volcanism, refer to:
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Use a real life example on why competition has a negative effect on population numbers
Answer:
why is this even a question? are u trying to commit a genocide?
Explanation:
Basically competition is a conflict, conflict is a strife, strife is deadly, deadly is also death meaning competition is lowering our population by squashing fat men and women. loose weight
Why is it important to base scientific theory and models on empirical evidence
Answer: Empirical evidence is any information you can collect through the processes of observation, experimentation or the use of human senses. Acquiring empirical evidence is a vital step in the scientific method, as it gives researchers the opportunity to collect, organize and study any data that results from their work.
Enzymes are proteins that facilitate chemical reactions. Based on your knowledge of enzymes, what might the result be if one particular enzyme malfunctioned or was not present?
Answer: Enzymes are proteins that facilitate chemical reactions. Based on your knowledge of enzymes, what might the result be if one particular enzyme malfunctioned ...
Explanation:
atp is produced by group of answer choices mitochondria only. chloroplasts only. sodium/potassium transporters in the cell membrane only. both mitochondria and chloroplasts, but not by sodium/potassium transporters in the cell membrane. mitochondria, chloroplasts, and sodium/potassium transporters in the cell membrane.
According to the given information ATP is produced by mitochondria only.
What is the main function of the mitochondria?The majority of the chemical energy required to drive a cell's metabolic operations is produced by mitochondria, which are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular).
What materials make up mitochondria?Two membranes make up their structure. The organelle is contained by the outer membrane, which acts as its skin. The inner membrane repeatedly folds over to form cristae, which are layered structures. The matrix is the name of the substance that fills the mitochondria.
What is special about mitochondria?The unique compartments (organelles) in human cells called mitochondria are well recognized for acting as energy producers by disassembling food molecules and producing ATP, a fuel for the remainder of the cell.
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What is a trade-off?
a new scientific discovery that benefits the environment
something you sacrifice in order to gain something else
a technological advance that makes life easier
The correct statement is (c) something you sacrifice in order to gain something else.
What is a trade-off ?A trade-off refers to decision making that involves sacrificing or decreasing in quality or quantity of one set of property or ideas in terms of gaining or increasing in another set of property or ideas.
In simple words, a tradeoff is a situational decision of choosing one thing on the cost of another. Sometime it is also called as compromise.
Thus, from above the correct explanation to trade-off is represented by the statement (c) something you sacrifice in order to gain something else.
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Two mechanisms that affect the genetic diveristy of bacterial population
Horizontal gene transfer involves several mechanisms that can increase the genetic diversity of bacterial populations.
One of these mechanisms is bacterial conjugation in which a donor cell transfers genetic material to a recipient cell through a pili which function as a conduit.
Another mechanism of variability is through bacteriophages where genetic material is moved from one bacterium to another, this method is called transduction.
how do shoebills respond to changes in external temperature when it's too cold
The adaptation of shoebills responds to changes in external temperature when it's too cold in their environment.
What changes occur to Shoebills in cold?Shoebills have adapted long toes with no webbing which helps them to balance on the swampy vegetation while stalking prey. There are few predators of shoebill storks. Young and eggs may be taken by nest predators but shoebill storks can defend their young and build nests in areas unreachable to many predators. Shoebills eat big fish such as lungfish and catfish This bird eats crocodiles and they hunt like bosses of the swamp. The Shoebill will stand there motionless like a statue. Some birds fluff up their feathers and open up their wings to catch a breeze that helping them cool.
So we can conclude that If the temperature is very cold then the Shoebill can't go outside.
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How is the geologic time scale related to the fossil record?
answer: The periods of the time scale were constructed based on ranges of fossil organisms.
Geologic time scale related to the fossil record with the timing of the emergence and disappearance of widespread species from the being used to delineate the beginnings and endings of ages, epochs, periods, and other intervals.
Geologists commonly use radiometric dating methods, based on the natural radioactive decay of certain elements such as potassium and carbon, as reliable clocks to date ancient events.
The geological time scale is based on the the geological rock record, which includes erosion, mountain building and other geological events. Sediment has to cover an organism's remains in order for the long fossilization process to begin. Most organisms decompose before this can happen.
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how can we improve human dietary habits using anaerobic respiration
Answer: Anaerobic metabolism uses glucose as its only source of fuel and produces pyruvate and lactic acid. Pyruvate can then be used as fuel for aerobic metabolism.
Explanation:
Select the correct order of the final three stades in the lytic cycle
The correct order of the final three stages in the lytic cycle is Assembly > Transduction > Release
What is a Lytic cycle ?One of the two viral reproduction cycles, the other being the lysogenic cycle, is the lytic cycle. The infected cell and its membrane are destroyed as a result of the lytic cycle. Virulent phages are bacteriophages that only utilise the lytic cycle.
Although the lytic cycle's final result is the generation of new phage offspring and the death of the host bacterial cell, this is a multistep process that requires careful synchronisation of physical processes and gene transcription.The primary distinction between the lytic and lysogenic cycles is that the lytic cycle kills the host cell, but the lysogenic cycle does not. The host cell's DNA is destroyed by viral DNA, which also halts the cell's lytic cycle.Learn more about Lytic cycle here:
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A certain species of animal has six pairs of chromosomes. How many sister chromatids do the nuclei of this animal’s cells have during the g2 phase?.
A certain species of animal has six pairs of chromosomes. So, there are 24 sister chromatids the nuclei of this animal’s cells have during the G2 phase.
How do we solve for the nuclei of this animal’s cells during the G2 phase?A certain species of animal is hаving six pаirs of chromosomes, thаt is 2n = 12. During G1 phаse, the number of chromosomes will remаin the sаme, thаt is 12. During S phаse, duplicаtion of the DNА tаkes plаce, however, the number of chromosomes will remаin the sаme. Hence, in S phаse, there will be 24 DNА аnd 12 chromosomes. In G2 phаse, the number of DNА molecules аnd number of chromosomes will remаin sаme аs thаt in S phаse. Thus, it will hаve 24 DNА molecules аnd 12 chromosomes.
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one way to clone an organism is to transfer the nucleus of a cell taken from animal a, place it into an egg from animal b whose nucleus has been removed, and then implant it into a surrogate mother, animal c. the cloned animal would be identical to
As the nucleus was taken from cell a, the animal would be identical to animal a.
The nucleus is the structure of a cell in which chromosomes are present. The chromosomes contain the genetic material called DNA. The genetic material is what makes all of the traits of an organism.
In the case above, the nucleus of a cell from animal A was taken. Hence, no matter in which egg you place it and implant the egg for surrogacy, the offspring born will be identical to animal A.
The nucleus of a cell represents the entire karyotype of that organism. Hence, the cloned animal produced in the above case will be identical to animal A.
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What will happen to the red blood cells in a hypertonic solution?Swelling and eventual crenationShriveling while maintaining the volume of cytoplasm.No net movement or shape change to the cells.© The red blood cells will experience crenation.
In an hypertonic solution, red cells would experiment loss of water, which translates into reduction of the volume of the cytosol, and eventually crenation, which means the destruction of the cell by dehydration (D).
I will mark brainliest: Why is important to reduce methane gas in the atmosphere?
the fastest opportunity we have to immediately slow the rate of global warming
Answer:
It slows global warming
Explanation: I took the test.
Which term describes the process by which light passes through an object or a medium?
reflection
reflection
refraction
refraction
absorption
absorption
transmission
Answer: Transmission
Explanation:
Reflection obviously describes the way light bounces back at the viewer.
Refraction describes how light is passed through an object but changes directions.
Absorption describes how much light is absorbed when passing through an object.
Transmission describes the amount of light that passes through an object or medium.
(Absorption and Transmission are generally associated with spectrophotometry)
Answer:
Transmission
Explanation:
The transmission of light occurs when light passes through an object or a medium.
Flag questionTransfer RNAs (tRNA) are produced through transcriptionof tRNA "genes" (DNA).It is of course essential that the tRNAs produced havecorrect ribonucleotide sequences so that (i) they arerecognised by the correct aminoacyl tRNA synthetase and(ii) they have an anticodon that matches them to thecorrect mRNA codon during translation.ESTSAssume the DNA encoding one of the tRNAs for the aminoacid tryptophan has been mutated and instead of itsanticodon sequence reading 5'-CCA-3' (correct), it nowreads 5'-TCA-3' (incorrect).What will be the effect on protein synthesis? Explainbriefly.TEEK 11CEK 11
It would depend on whether the modified codon code for the same amino acid or not. If it does not code for the same amino acid, then the protein would be different, and in some cases, it can cause a problem with its function, mostly if this modification is found on the interaction site of the protein with other components.
2. What is the importance of NAD+ cycling back up to glycolysis?
The cycling of NAD+ back up to glycolysis is crucial for sustaining energy production, maintaining redox balance, and allowing for the efficient functioning of cellular respiration.
The cycling of NAD+ back up to glycolysis is crucial for the efficient functioning of cellular respiration and energy production. Here are the key reasons for its importance:
NAD+ regeneration: During glycolysis, glucose is metabolized to produce energy in the form of ATP. As part of this process, NAD+ acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons from glucose and becoming reduced to NADH. NADH carries these electrons to the electron transport chain for further ATP synthesis. However, NAD+ is required to sustain glycolysis. Without a mechanism to regenerate NAD+ from NADH, the glycolytic pathway would quickly halt due to a lack of available NAD+. Therefore, the cycling of NAD+ is crucial for maintaining a continuous supply of NAD+ for glycolysis.ATP production: The regeneration of NAD+ is directly linked to ATP production. NADH carries high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain, where they are used to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. If NADH accumulates and NAD+ levels decrease, electron transport and ATP synthesis would be compromised, resulting in reduced energy production.Redox balance: The cycling of NAD+ is essential for maintaining redox balance within the cell. As NAD+ accepts electrons during glycolysis, it becomes reduced to NADH. Regenerating NAD+ from NADH helps balance the cellular redox state, ensuring that other redox reactions in the cell can proceed smoothly. Without NAD+ cycling, an imbalance in the redox state could lead to disruptions in various metabolic pathways and compromise cellular function.Learn more about Glycolysis, here:
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What 2 events in nature can hinder the process of carbohydrate production? Explain your answer. Use the sentence frame: “___ can hinder carbohydrate production because ____.”
The answers include the following below:
Stormy weather can hinder carbohydrate production because of inadequate sunlight.Low temperature can hinder carbohydrate production because of low heat.What is Carbohydrate?
This is referred to as a biomolecule which is the source of energy and is formed during photosynthesis through the use of water and carbondioxide as the reactants. Examples of this type of compound include glucose, starch etc.
Stormy weather and low temperature can hinder carbohydrate production because of inadequate sunlight. During a photosynthesis reaction by plants, there is the need for adequate sunlight as the solar energy is converted into chemical energy.
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a phagehunter plates 4000 phage particles onto a pyca plate with gordonia terrae. the burst size of the phage is 50 phage particles per round of replication. after one round of replication, how many phage particles are present on this plate?
The number of phage particles present on this plate is 50 Million phages.
When a plague started with one phage, after 1st round of replication it will produce 10 virus particles. After another round, each of the 10 viruses will produce 10 virus particles each, totaling 100 particles. And then after 3rd round, each of the 100 phages will produce 10 each = 1000 phages. So, (10)^3
Initially, 400 phages are present, and the burst size is 50., After 3 rounds, the number of phages will be = 400× (50)^3
= 50 Million phages.
DNA replication is the procedure via which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to provide identical DNA molecules. Replication is an essential method because, each time a mobile divides, the two new daughter cells must comprise the same genetic information, or DNA, as the discern cell.
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Please help me with this
The contaminated water is the source of disease as well as pollution for the people and specially it is disease causing agent for the people and other organisms.
What is groundwater?Groundwater has been defined as the water present in the underground water just below the soil as well as in the crack of the earth. The percentage of the freshwater in the world has been 30%. There are mainly three types of the groundwater and these are hand-dug wells, springs, and drilled boreholes.
The water which has been stored under the ground are obtained from rain and stored in ground so that it can be used later. Ground water has been very clean and fit for drinking and the reason is the soil present on top and work as filter and the groundwater is free from all microorganisms.
Therefore, The contaminated water is the source of disease as well as pollution for the people and specially it is disease causing agent for the people and other organisms.
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Which of the following is an example of a physical property? a Melting and boiling points b color c Ability to conduct electricity d All of the above
Answer:
all above.
Explanation:
I had the same question for k12.
posttranslational alterations of proteins do not include the cleavage of signal sequences. do not include the addition of polysaccharides to proteins. do not affect the activity of an enzyme. may include the addition of polysaccharides to proteins. do not include the addition of phosphate groups.
The posttranslational alterations of proteins may include the addition of polysaccharides to proteins (Option 4).
What are posttranslational alterations of proteins?The posttranslational alterations of proteins are different modifications in the protein sequences in order to activate their functions and or suppress them.
One of the most common posttranslational alterations of proteins is phosphorylation, which occurs at specific amino acid residues and it is able to activate or deactivate proteins in order to change the signaling pathway associated with their functions. Polysaccharides can also be added to proteins in order to change their functional states.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the posttranslational alterations of proteins are able to modify the functional properties of a protein and polysaccharide addition in one of these types of modifications that both structural proteins and enzymes suffer to activate an or deactivate them.
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