A) Identity ONE ideology that informed the author's point of view in the passage.



b) Explain ONE way in which the actions of the Chilean military as described in the passage reflect the global political context of the late twentieth century.



c) Identity ONE state in Latin America or Africa, other than Chile, in which global geopolitical circumstances led to political instability in the second half of



the twentieth century

Answer: fear of becoming involved in another European war

Explanation:

Julius Caesar was proclaimed dictator for life in the year 44 BCE. He was born on July 12, 100 BCE. Therefore, Caesar was approximately 54 years old when he was crowned dictator for life.

Julius Caesar was a prominent figure in ancient Rome. He was born on July 12 or 13, 100 BCE, and he died on March 15, 44 BCE. Caesar is best known for his role as a military general and statesman, as well as his rise to power and eventual assassination.

After Julius Caesar emerged victorious in the civil war and became the sole ruler of Rome, he was appointed as "dictator perpetuo" or "dictator for life" in 44 BCE. This title granted him unprecedented power and authority, essentially making him the supreme leader of the Roman Republic. As dictator for life, Caesar had the ability to make decisions without the need for consultation or approval from other political institutions. However, his time as dictator for life was short-lived, as he was assassinated later that same year.

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Julius Caesar was proclaimed dictator for life in the year 44 BCE. He was born on July 12, 100 BCE. Therefore, Caesar was approximately 54 years old when he was crowned dictator for life.

Julius Caesar was a prominent figure in ancient Rome. He was born on July 12 or 13, 100 BCE, and he died on March 15, 44 BCE. Caesar is best known for his role as a military general and statesman, as well as his rise to power and eventual assassination. After Julius Caesar emerged victorious in the civil war and became the sole ruler of Rome, he was appointed as "dictator perpetuo" or "dictator for life" in 44 BCE. This title granted him unprecedented power and authority, essentially making him the supreme leader of the Roman Republic. As dictator for life, Caesar had the ability to make decisions without the need for consultation or approval from other political institutions.

However, his time as dictator for life was short-lived, as he was assassinated later that same year.

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There is no clear evidence that the Romans stopped their trade with the Gupta Empire. In fact, there is evidence that trade between the two continued throughout the Gupta period (c. 320-550 CE).

The Romans had a keen interest in Indian goods such as spices, silk, and precious stones, and they established trading networks that stretched across the Indian Ocean. The Gupta Empire was one of the most prosperous and powerful states in India during this period, and it was a major center of trade and commerce.

Archaeological evidence suggests that Roman and Indian merchants traded extensively during the Gupta period, exchanging goods such as gold, silver, ivory, and textiles. Some Roman artifacts have been found in India, and Indian artifacts have been found in Roman territories. It's possible that there were fluctuations in the volume or frequency of trade between the two empires, as was common in ancient commerce.

However, there is no evidence to suggest that the Romans stopped trading with the Gupta Empire altogether.

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There is no clear evidence that the Romans stopped their trade with the Gupta Empire. In fact, there is evidence that trade between the two continued throughout the Gupta period (c. 320-550 CE).

The Romans had a keen interest in Indian goods such as spices, silk, and precious stones, and they established trading networks that stretched across the Indian Ocean. The Gupta Empire was one of the most prosperous and powerful states in India during this period, and it was a major center of trade and commerce. Archaeological evidence suggests that Roman and Indian merchants traded extensively during the Gupta period, exchanging goods such as gold, silver, ivory, and textiles. Some Roman artifacts have been found in India, and Indian artifacts have been found in Roman territories. It's possible that there were fluctuations in the volume or frequency of trade between the two empires, as was common in ancient commerce.

However, there is no evidence to suggest that the Romans stopped trading with the Gupta Empire altogether.

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The structure of county and city governments DIFFER Mayors usually lead city governments, while commissioners lead counties. This is one of the main differences in the structure of county and city governments. So the right option is(D) Mayors usually lead city governments, while commissioners lead counties.

Additionally, city governments tend to have a more centralized structure with all departments under the mayor's control, while county governments may have separately elected officials for departments like law enforcement, public works, and social services.

Another key difference is that only county governments are able to cast votes for state offices, while both county and city governments may provide law enforcement protection depending on their respective jurisdictions.

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Answer: To restrict immigrants' abilities to vote

Explanation: I read a history book on it.

Hope this helps  : D

The Japanese Americans who were placed in internment camps after the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941 lost a great deal as a result of this act. Firstly, they lost their freedom and were forced to leave their homes, businesses, and belongings behind.

Many were not allowed to bring anything except what they could carry in a single suitcase. This caused immense psychological trauma and forced them to start over from scratch when they were released from the camps.

Secondly, they lost their dignity and were subjected to inhumane living conditions. The camps were often overcrowded, lacked privacy, and had poor sanitation. Families were separated, and individuals had to live in cramped quarters with strangers. They also lost their sense of community and belonging, as they were isolated from their friends, relatives, and fellow Japanese Americans.

Lastly, many Japanese Americans lost their livelihoods as a result of being placed in internment camps. They were unable to work or attend school, which meant that they could not earn a living or pursue their dreams and ambitions. This caused financial hardship and long-term economic consequences, as many were unable to recover from the loss of their businesses and savings.

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The Federalist Papers were a series of 85 essays advocating for the ratification of the United States Constitution. They were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay between October 1787 and August 1788.

The essays were originally published under the pseudonym "Publius" in several New York newspapers.Hamilton was a prominent New York lawyer and statesman who played a key role in drafting the Constitution. Madison was a Virginia lawyer and statesman who is often called the "Father of the Constitution" for his contributions to the document. John Jay was a New York lawyer and diplomat who later became the first Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

The Federalist Papers are widely regarded as one of the most important works in American political history, as they provide insight into the debates and compromises that went into creating the US Constitution. The essays explore topics such as federalism, the separation of powers, and the need for a strong central government.

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Padiherupakhered was likely buried in the ancient city of Akhmim during the early Ptolemaic period because it was a time of great cultural and political change in Egypt.

The Ptolemaic period was characterized by the rule of the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty, who sought to legitimize their rule by adopting many Egyptian traditions and practices. As a result, there was a resurgence of interest in ancient Egyptian religion and burial practices during this time, which may have influenced the decision to bury Padiherupakhered in Akhmim. Additionally, Akhmim was an important religious center during the Ptolemaic period, and it was common for wealthy and influential individuals to be buried there.

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After their defeat by Charles the Hammer, the Moors settled in this area.

It is interesting to note that this region has a rich history, with content loaded with stories of conquests and settlements by various groups over the centuries. As Duke and Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace, Charles Martel (c. 688–22 October 741), often known as Charles the Hammer, was a Frankish political and military commander who served as de facto ruler of Francia from 718 until his death. He was the child of Pepin of Herstal, a Frankish nobleman, and Alpaida, a noblewoman. Charles, often nicknamed as "The Hammer" (or Martel in Old French), effectively consolidated his position as his father's successor as the political force behind the throne in Frankish affairs.

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George M. Cohan’s song and other propaganda alike were quite effectively used during World Wars I and II in America for recruitment and rallying up public support.

George M. Cohan was a popular songwriter, and entertainer, who composed patriotic songs that infused the sense of American spirit, boosted morale, and filled American hearts with pride.

Cohan's songs, like "Over There" and "Yankee Doodle Dandy", were quite popular patriotic songs as they were easy and catchy. These songs with other modes of propaganda like posters, films, and radio broadcasts helped the government to shape the opinion of people.

Thus, Cohan’s songs and other propaganda were successful tools that the government employed during the First and Second world wars.

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Lutheranism practiced infant baptism and accepted a state church, while Anabaptists advocated for adult baptism and the separation of church and state.

One key difference between Lutheranism and Anabaptist beliefs lies in their views on baptism and the role of the church.

Lutheranism, founded by Martin Luther during the Protestant Reformation, maintains the practice of infant baptism and considers it a sacrament. Lutherans believe that baptism is a means of receiving God's grace and entering into the Christian faith. They emphasize the significance of baptism as a sign of God's covenant and the forgiveness of sins.

On the other hand, Anabaptists, a radical movement within the Reformation, rejected the practice of infant baptism. They advocated for adult baptism, emphasizing the importance of personal faith and a conscious decision to follow Christ. Anabaptists viewed baptism as a symbol of commitment to the Christian community and discipleship, rather than a sacrament with salvific power.

Another significant difference lies in their understanding of the relationship between the church and the state. Lutheranism generally accepted the idea of a state church, where the church and the government were closely intertwined. Lutherans believed in the concept of the "Two Kingdoms," recognizing the authority of both secular rulers and church leaders.

In contrast, Anabaptists held a separatist view and advocated for the complete separation of the church and the state. They emphasized the importance of the local, voluntary, and visible church composed of committed believers. Anabbptists believed in nonviolent resistance and refused to participate in the political affairs of the world.

These differences in baptismal practices and the relationship between the church and the state highlight the divergent theological perspectives and societal implications between Lutheranism and Anabaptism during the Reformation era.

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C) Political outsiders often gain statewide office. One consequence of weak political parties in Texas is that political outsiders often gain statewide office.

Weak political parties can create an environment where candidates who are not affiliated with the major parties have a better chance of gaining political positions.

This can occur because weak parties may struggle to field strong candidates or provide robust support and resources for their candidates.

As a result, individuals who are not part of the established party structures may find it easier to run for office and gain traction among voters who are disillusioned with the major parties.

This can lead to the election of political outsiders to statewide offices in Texas.

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During the early 1800s, several important reform movements gained popularity in the United States. These movements aimed to address various social, economic, and political issues, including slavery, women's rights, temperance, and education.

One of the most significant reform movements of the early 1800s was the abolitionist movement, which sought to end slavery and the slave trade. This movement gained momentum with the publication of Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin" in 1852, which exposed the cruelty of slavery and helped rally support for the cause.

Another important reform movement of the early 1800s was the women's rights movement, which sought to secure greater political, social, and economic rights for women. Led by figures like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, this movement played a crucial role in securing the right to vote for women with the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920.

The temperance movement was also a popular reform movement in the early 1800s, which sought to curb the consumption of alcohol. This movement gained support from religious groups who saw drinking as a sin, as well as from women who saw alcohol as a contributing factor to domestic violence.

Finally, the education reform movement aimed to improve access to education for all Americans, regardless of their social status or background. This movement was led by figures like Horace Mann, who advocated for public education and helped establish the common school system that is still in place today.

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The new social sciences in the 1920s were unsettling because they challenged traditional ways of thinking and understanding society.

These disciplines, including sociology, anthropology, and psychology, sought to explain human behavior and social phenomena through empirical research and scientific methods, rather than relying on moral or philosophical beliefs. This shift towards a more objective approach to studying society was seen as a threat to established power structures and beliefs, and caused controversy and resistance from some quarters. The new social sciences also introduced new ideas about race, gender, and sexuality, which further challenged prevailing norms and values.

Overall, the emergence of the new social sciences in the 1920s marked a significant moment of intellectual and cultural transformation, and their impact continues to be felt today.

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The National FFA (Future Farmers of America) did not exist in 1928, so there were no FFA dues at that time.

The National FFA organization was founded in 1928 as the "Future Farmers of America," with the goal of promoting agricultural education and leadership development among young people in rural communities.

While it is unclear exactly when FFA dues were first instituted, it is likely that they were not in place during the organization's earliest years, as the FFA was still in the process of establishing itself and developing its programs and activities. Therefore, the answer is that there were no FFA dues in 1928.

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The election of Andrew Jackson as president in 1828 was historically significant for the following reasons:It marked the beginning of the era of Jacksonian Democracy, which emphasized the importance of the common man and expanded suffrage to more white men.

Jackson's victory signaled a shift away from the traditional political elites and towards a more populist style of politics. Jackson's policies, such as his opposition to the National Bank and his support of westward expansion, had a lasting impact on American politics and society. Jackson's presidency was marked by controversies such as the Indian Removal Act, which forcibly relocated Native American tribes, and his use of executive power to veto legislation he disagreed with.

The election of Andrew Jackson also marked the end of the so-called "Era of Good Feelings" and the beginning of a more divisive and polarized period in American politics.

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Canada became an important battleground in the War of 1812 because it was a British colony.

The United States hoped to seize it as a means of forcing Britain to make concessions in other areas, such as trade and impressment of American sailors. Additionally, the Americans believed that the Canadian colonists were sympathetic to their cause and would support their invasion. The United States launched several invasions into Canada during the War of 1812, but ultimately failed to conquer and annex the territory. The war ended in a stalemate, with neither side gaining significant territory or concessions.

The War of 1812 helped to establish Canada as a distinct and separate entity from the United States, with its own national identity and sense of pride.

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The correct answer is c. They would convert to Catholicism. To secure a land title from the Mexican government during the colonial period, Anglos had to make various promises, including paying taxes, adhering to Spanish law, and converting to Catholicism.

This was known as the "reconquista" or "reconquest" of Mexico, as the Spanish sought to convert the indigenous people and the conquered indigenous tribes to Catholicism.  During the Mexican-American War, the United States sought to annex a large portion of Mexico, including land that is now part of several western states. As part of the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the war in 1848, the United States agreed to recognize Mexican land titles in the newly acquired territory.

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The correct answer is c. The government takeover of industry in the name of the greater common good is not a characteristic of nineteenth-century nationalism.

Nationalism during this time period was focused on the promotion of a strong national identity and culture, often through the support of self-government for people of the same or similar cultures and the belief in a divine destiny for the nation. Ethnic groups did not always act in a harmonious manner, and the government takeover of industry was not a widely accepted or practiced aspect of nineteenth-century nationalism.

The notion and movement of nationalism asserts that the state and the country should coexist. It has a tendency to advance a nation's interests as a movement, particularly with the goal of establishing and preserving the nation's sovereignty within its own territory to establish a nation-state.

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Mother teresa is famous for been caring for the destitute as well as those  dying in the slums of Calcutta .

Mother Teresa,  an be regarded as the Saint Teresa of Calcutta,  and she can be described as the Indian Roman Catholic missionary and nun who was born in Albania and dedicated her life to serving the poorest members of society. In 1950, she established the Missionaries of Charity in India, where she served the dying, ailing, and orphaned for more than 45 years.

As a Catholic nun who devoted her life to helping the poor and dying in the slums of Calcutta,  that is now regarded as  Kolkata, Mother Teresa can be sen as someone that get alot of fame during her lifetime.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

Free speech was heavily influenced by the American Revolutionary period. The American colonists were deeply committed to the idea of free speech, and many of the leaders of the Revolution saw it as a fundamental right that was necessary for a democratic society to function properly. The ideas of free speech and the press were embodied in the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which was adopted in 1791, after the Revolutionary period had ended. The First Amendment protects the rights of individuals to express their opinions and beliefs without fear of government censorship or punishment.

The right heavily influenced by the American Revolutionary period is freedom of religion (option D).

The American Revolutionary period, which spanned from 1765 to 1783, was a time of intense political, social, and intellectual change in the American colonies. The ideals and principles that emerged during this period greatly influenced the formation of the United States and its system of governance.

One of the core principles that emerged from the Revolutionary period was the idea of religious freedom. Many of the colonists who sought independence from British rule did so due to religious persecution and the desire for the freedom to practice their own faith without interference.

The experiences of religious dissenters, such as the Pilgrims and Puritans, who sought refuge in the American colonies, played a significant role in shaping the belief in religious liberty. These early settlers faced religious persecution in their home countries and sought a new land where they could freely worship according to their own beliefs.

The concept of freedom of religion was enshrined in the United States Constitution with the First Amendment, which states that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof."

The American Revolutionary period laid the foundation for the recognition and protection of religious freedom as a fundamental right in the United States, and it continues to be an important aspect of the country's constitutional framework and societal values.

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The Temple of Edfu was dedicated to the falcon-headed god Horus. Horus was one of the most important deities in ancient Egyptian mythology, and he was often depicted with the head of a falcon.

The Temple of Edfu, which is located in Egypt, was dedicated to the falcon-headed god Horus. The Temple of Edfu was built during the Ptolemaic period between 237 and 57 BCE, and it is one of the best-preserved temples from ancient Egypt. The temple was dedicated to the worship of Horus, who was believed to be the god of the sky, war, and hunting.

In the temple, there were several depictions of Horus, and the walls were adorned with hieroglyphs that described his many attributes and the various myths associated with him. The Temple of Edfu was an important pilgrimage site for ancient Egyptians, and it continues to be an important archaeological site for scholars and visitors alike.

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Father Junípero Serra founded the first Catholic mission in 1769 at San Diego, California. He was a Spanish Franciscan friar who dedicated his life to spreading Christianity and establishing missions in the New World. The mission system he helped establish aimed to convert Native Americans to Catholicism and incorporate them into Spanish colonial society.

The San Diego mission was the first of nine missions founded by Father Serra in California. These missions were often built in areas with significant Native American populations and served as both religious and economic centers. The missionaries provided education, healthcare, and vocational training to the native peoples.

While the mission system has been criticized for its treatment of Native Americans and forced labor practices, it also played a significant role in the early colonization of California and the spread of Christianity. Today, the San Diego mission is a popular tourist destination and serves as a reminder of the important role that religion and colonization played in shaping California's history.

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The extinction of the dinosaurs occurred approximately 66 million years ago during the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) extinction event.

This event was likely caused by a combination of factors, including a massive asteroid impact, volcanic activity, and climate change. The extinction of the dinosaurs allowed for the evolution of new species, including mammals, which eventually became the dominant land animals.

This event is commonly referred to as the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) extinction event, or simply the K-T extinction event. It is widely believed that the extinction was caused by a catastrophic event, such as a large asteroid impact or a massive volcanic eruption, which dramatically altered the climate and led to the demise of the dinosaurs and many other species on Earth. The extinction of the dinosaurs paved the way for the rise of mammals, including humans, as the dominant form of life on Earth.

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European colonial powers until the middle of the 20th century were associated with imperialism, group superiority, and militarism. The correct answer to your question is D. All of the above.

Imperialism refers to the policy of extending a nation's influence and power through territorial expansion, economic dominance, and political control over other territories or countries. European colonial powers, such as Britain, France, and Spain, pursued imperialism to obtain resources, markets, and strategic advantages in their global competition.

Group superiority, or the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own racial or cultural group over others, was a prevalent ideology among European colonial powers. This belief often justified the exploitation and subjugation of non-European peoples, as colonizers saw themselves as "civilizing" the colonized.

Militarism, or the prioritization of military power and warfare, played a significant role in European colonial expansion. The buildup of strong military forces and the use of force to conquer and control territories were common strategies employed by colonial powers. Military technology, such as firearms and naval vessels, allowed European powers to dominate and subdue local populations in colonized areas.

In conclusion, European colonial powers until the middle of the 20th century was characterized by imperialism, group superiority, and militarism, which were all interconnected and integral to their colonial endeavors. Hence, D is the correct option.

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Answer:

B. Workers were able to spend more

time with their families.

Explanation:

Poland-Lithuania, formally known as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, became the largest state in Europe through a complex series of historical developments.

The consolidation of power and territorial expansion during the 14th to 16th centuries were instrumental in its growth.

The union between Poland and Lithuania occurred in 1386 when the Polish king, Jogaila, married the Lithuanian Grand Duke, Jadwiga, and converted to Christianity.

This dynastic union paved the way for a close political and military alliance between the two entities. The resulting Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth became a federation with a shared monarch, institutions, and a joint foreign policy.

The Commonwealth's growth was fueled by several factors. One crucial element was its favorable geographic location, which provided access to major trade routes and facilitated economic prosperity.

Additionally, the Commonwealth pursued a policy of religious tolerance, attracting persecuted minorities such as Jews and Protestants who contributed to its economic and intellectual development.

The Commonwealth's military prowess was another key factor in its expansion. It benefited from a strong military tradition, including the formidable Polish cavalry known as the Winged Hussars.

Successful military campaigns against neighboring states, such as the Teutonic Order and the Ottoman Empire, further expanded its territory.

Furthermore, the Commonwealth's system of governance, known as the Golden Liberty, granted significant rights to the nobility. This allowed the nobles, who comprised a large portion of the population, to participate actively in politics and influence decision-making.

However, the Commonwealth faced numerous challenges, including internal divisions, external conflicts, and a decline in power in the 17th century. The state eventually disintegrated in the late 18th century due to external partitions by neighboring powers.

In conclusion, Poland-Lithuania became the largest state in Europe through a combination of favorable geography, military strength, religious tolerance, and a unique system of governance.

These factors enabled the Commonwealth to expand its territories and wield significant influence in Europe during its heyday.

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The most important characteristics of Mesoamerican cultures include a strong emphasis on agriculture, the development of complex urban societies, a polytheistic religion with human sacrifice, a writing system using hieroglyphs, advanced astronomical knowledge, and a hierarchical social structure with rulers and nobles at the top.

Additionally, Mesoamerican cultures were known for their art and architecture, including the use of pyramids, temples, and intricate stonework. Their influence on modern culture can still be seen in the cuisine, language, and customs of many Central American countries today.

Overall, the Mesoamerican cultures were characterized by a rich and complex civilization that made significant contributions to the development of human history, particularly in the areas of agriculture, writing, religion, architecture, art, and politics.

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In 1860, divisions among Democrats significantly contributed to the election of Republican Abraham Lincoln.

The Democratic Party split into two factions:

the Northern Democrats, who supported popular sovereignty, and the Southern Democrats, who demanded federal protection of slavery.

This division weakened the party's overall strength and created an opportunity for the Republicans.

Furthermore, the Constitutional Union Party, comprised of moderate former Whigs and Know-Nothings, further diluted the vote by running their own candidate.

Consequently, the divided opposition allowed Lincoln to secure a plurality of votes and win the presidency, despite not winning a majority of the popular vote.

The election highlighted the deepening sectional tensions in the country and ultimately set the stage for the Civil War.

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The Truman Doctrine was a consequence of Truman's alarm over the weakness of the British in the Eastern Mediterranean (option b).

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