a message presented so fast, softly or masked by other messages that one is not aware of seeing or hearing it is call a

To establish causality of an intervention on improving reading ability, a researcher should be sure to use a control group, compare outcomes over time, and use rigorous data collection methods.

This intervention includes using randomized control trials, conducting pre- and post-tests, and analyzing the data to determine the effects of the intervention. The control group usually serves to be the causality by isolating the effect of an independent variable. The researchers here change the independent variable in the treatment group and keep it intact in the control group after which the readings are taken. The results of both the groups are then compared.

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The article I of the US Constitution gives a handful of powers to the House of representative.

Some of the specific powers to the House of Representatives are as follows:

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The many protections for those accused of a crime are found in the U.S. Constitution, most notably the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments.

These protections are put in place to ensure that those accused of a crime are afforded due process and fair treatment by the government.

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The concept of overcharge is computed by calculating the difference between the price charged by the seller and the price at which the same item would normally be sold. Beyond reasonable doubt affects the computation of overcharge by establishing a higher standard of proof.

Selling price is the final price set by the seller or the amount to be paid by the customer for a product. When you want to sell something, this final price is what you will offer potential buyers.

Determining product prices is one of the important things in doing business, because prices determine the future of products and affect how customers accept the product itself. meaning that the seller must be proven to have charged an excessive amount before an overcharge is officially applied.

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This is an example of an informal gift or "promise" being made by Floyd to Glenda. Since this type of agreement is not made in writing or included in a legal document, such as a will, it is not legally enforceable.

This means that although Floyd intended to give his Harley Davidson to Glenda, it is ultimately up to him if he changes his mind. In order for Glenda to ensure she receives the bike, Floyd would need to include it in his will or make other arrangements that make it legally binding.

In the event that Floyd does not include the Harley Davidson in his will or make other legally binding arrangements,The courts would then examine all of the facts and circumstances of the case to determine whether or not Floyd's gift to Glenda was intended to be a binding promise and was made in good faith.

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In the transplant case of the sleeping man who came into the hospital for a checkup, the wrongness of killing him and taking his organs to save 5 other humans seems to be best handled by Immanuel Kant's ethical theory.

In the transplant case of the sleeping man who came into the hospital for a checkup, the wrongness of killing him and taking his organs to save 5 other humans seems to be best handled by Immanuel Kant's ethical theory, at least at the time in the video when Michael Sandel introduces it.

Kant's theory emphasizes the importance of treating individuals as ends in themselves and not as mere means to an end, which would prohibit taking the sleeping man's organs without his consent.

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Kissing and erotic touching are examples of nonverbal sexual communication.

Nonverbal sexual communication refers to any communication that involves sexual arousal, desire, or attraction without the use of spoken language. Kissing and erotic touching can communicate desire and attraction without the need for words, making them prime examples of nonverbal sexual communication.

Nonverbal sexual communication can be a powerful tool in relationship for expressing desire and attraction, but it is important to communicate openly and explicitly with partners about sexual preferences and boundaries.

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The above are examples of persuasive techniques used in communication. Persuasive techniques are designed to convince an audience to accept a certain point of view.

Attractiveness of the person delivering the message: Research shows that people are more likely to be persuaded by attractive people, as they are seen as more credible.

Number of arguments presented: People are more likely to be persuaded when there are multiple arguments presented. This increases the likelihood of an audience accepting the point of view.

Expertise of the spokesperson: People are more likely to accept an argument when it is presented by an expert on the topic. This can increase credibility and the overall persuasion of the message.

Imagery or music presented along with the message: Visuals and music are also persuasive tools. They can be used to add emotional appeal to the message and increase its effectiveness.

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In order to ensure the effectiveness of a diagnostic approach to assessing and teaching reading, it is necessary to use multiple assessment methods and strategies, tailor instruction to meet the needs of individual learners, and regularly monitor progress and adjust instruction accordingly.

A diagnostic approach to assessing and teaching reading is essential in identifying areas of difficulty that a learner may have and taking appropriate measures to address the difficulties.

These steps are crucial for an effective diagnostic approach to assessing and teaching reading:

Using multiple assessment methods and strategies: Different learners have different strengths and weaknesses. Using multiple assessment methods and strategies to evaluate learners’ abilities will help to identify individual strengths and areas for improvement.

Tailor instruction to meet the needs of individual learners: Instruction should be tailored to meet the needs of individual learners.

Regularly monitor progress and adjust instruction accordingly: Monitoring learners’ progress and adjusting instruction according to their progress is essential to ensuring they learn effectively.

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Answer: B.

Explanation: people had the right to overthrow their government when it abused their fundamental natural rights over a long period of time.

All of these statements are true regarding bulimia nervosa and cognitive-behavioral therapy except that the therapist helps the patient to confront feelings of self-doubt.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy that focuses on assisting people in changing the negative or distorted patterns of thinking that underlie their problems, whether they are emotional, behavioral, or physical.

In cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), the therapist works with the patient to help them overcome their problems by modifying their negative or distorted thought patterns.

Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging behavior. It is related to body image and self-esteem issues.

The following statements are all true regarding bulimia nervosa and cognitive-behavioral therapy except that the therapist helps the patient to confront feelings of self-doubt.

.A therapist who uses cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with a patient suffering from bulimia nervosa may assist them with the following:

The therapist helps the patient to confront negative and distorted patterns of thinking that contribute to their issues in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for bulimia nervosa.

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The statement that "the chief vehicle by which people communicate ideas, information, attitudes, and emotions, and serves as the principal means by which human beings create a culture and transmit it from generation to generation" is true.

Communication is a process by which information is exchanged between people through a shared system of symbols, signs, and behaviors. Communication, according to the lecture, is the chief vehicle by which people communicate ideas, information, attitudes, and emotions. It is also the principal means by which human beings create a culture and transmit it from generation to generation.

Communication is critical since it enables us to exchange thoughts, perspectives, and ideas with others. It allows us to better understand others and ourselves. Communication allows us to develop relationships with others, work together, and share our lives with others. It enables us to develop social and cultural systems that enable us to live in harmony with one another. As a result, communication is a crucial element in human life.

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The first contested presidential election, which resulted in Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republican Party becoming President and Aaron Burr of the same party becoming Vice President, was a milestone in American politics. It was the first time that the two-party system was established in the United States, with the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party contesting the election.

The result of this election led to the establishment of the Twelfth Amendment, which changed the rules of the Electoral College to prevent another tie between two candidates from different parties. This created tension between the two parties and led to the emergence of political factions. The result of this was the formation of two distinct and opposing political parties, the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party. This marked a major shift in American politics and set the stage for the partisanship we see today.

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An advantage of techniques utilizing devices such as an electronically activated recorder to assess personality is that they are less susceptible to biases than self-report measures.

What are electronically activated recorders?Electronically activated recorders are gadgets used to record ambient sounds that provide information about the individual's everyday activities. This information is subsequently coded and analyzed by human judges or computers to determine personality characteristics.

They are less susceptible to bias because they rely on the individual's actual behavior rather than their self-reported behavior.Another significant benefit of these devices is that they provide continuous recording of the subject's behavior, allowing for a more accurate and comprehensive picture of the subject's personality.

The electronically activated recorder can be considered as an ecologically valid and non-intrusive technique for assessing personality characteristics.In conclusion, an advantage of techniques utilizing devices such as an electronically activated recorder to assess personality is that they are less susceptible to biases than self-report measures.

They are also more comprehensive and accurate in their results.

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Miriam is a victim of gender discrimination although she was as qualified as her male colleagues.

Gender discrimination is the act of treating a person or group unfairly based on their gender, typically a female in a male-dominated environment. Miriam is a victim of gender discrimination as she was never considered for the post of an executive despite being as qualified as her male colleagues. Despite making significant progress in the area of gender equality, women are still underrepresented in leadership positions, and as a result, they are still victims of gender discrimination. Therefore, the correct answer is gender discrimination.

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After industrialization, the family became a unit of production. the option that correctly fills in the blank is option A.

Industrialization is a development that involves a change in the production methods of an economy. It is the process of transforming a society from an agricultural economy to an industrialized economy by increasing the use of machines to produce goods in large quantities. Industrialization leads to mass production, which increases efficiency and reduces production costs.

As mentioned earlier, after industrialization, the family became a unit of production. Before the Industrial Revolution, most goods were produced in the home or small workshops by skilled craftsmen. However, the development of factories and new manufacturing methods in the late 18th and early 19th centuries brought about a significant change.

Factories brought workers together, resulting in the formation of larger communities. These larger communities of workers were the basis for a new type of family unit: the factory family. Therefore, option A correctly fills in the blank after industrialization, a. the family became a unit of production.

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Answer:

The province that contains the majority of French-speaking Canadians is Quebec.

Explanation:

Iago, the antagonist, is the primary power holder in Act 3. He uses his power to manipulate Othello and other characters by presenting false evidence and spreading lies.  In Act 3 of Othello, the dynamics of power and control shift between characters.

Iago's strategy of manipulation is based on making others doubt themselves and their decisions. He does this through strategic use of language and lies, which leads to the disempowerment of those he targets. He lies about Desdemona's infidelity and Othello's faithfulness to discredit the people closest to him and take control.

Othello is the other major power holder in Act 3. Despite Iago's attempts to manipulate him, Othello maintains his power and control throughout the act. He does not let Iago's lies and manipulation sway his decisions and intentions. He also remains calm and composed, making his own decisions rather than allowing Iago to make them for him.

In the end, Othello remains in control and is the one who ultimately decides the fate of those involved. Iago is unable to influence Othello to his own ends, showing that Othello holds ultimate power over the situation.

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Detoxification is the process of freeing the body from an addictive substance. It is often the first step of rehabilitation, which is a multi-step process to help a person return to a healthy, drug-free life.

Detoxification helps the body to rid itself of the substance, while counselling and therapy helps the person understand the reasons behind their addiction and learn new coping strategies. Mainlining is not a part of rehabilitation and is instead the injection of drugs directly into the bloodstream.

Detoxification typically includes physical, psychological, and behavioural therapy. Physical therapy focuses on helping the body adjust to the absence of drugs. This can include medications to help alleviate withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea and muscle aches.

Psychological therapy may involve group or individual counselling to understand the reasons for the addiction and identify strategies for preventing relapse. Behavioural therapy focuses on providing support and teaching skills to help manage cravings and avoid triggers that may lead to drug use.

Rehabilitation is an ongoing process, and it can take months or years for a person to overcome an addiction. The goal is for the individual to reach a place of long-term sobriety and an improved quality of life. Recovery can take time and patience, but with the right support, the individual can succeed in their goals of a drug-free life.

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While it's true that sunlight can contribute to rock weathering, the process of breaking rocks into small pieces is actually more complicated than what your friend suggested. Sunlight does not directly break rocks into small pieces, but it can cause temperature changes that lead to physical weathering, which can eventually break rocks down into smaller pieces over time.

When rocks are exposed to sunlight, they can heat up during the day and then cool down at night. This constant expansion and contraction can cause cracks to form in the rock, and over time, these cracks can deepen and widen. Water can then seep into the cracks and freeze, expanding as it does so, which can further widen the cracks. Eventually, the rock may break apart into smaller pieces due to these physical weathering processes.

So, while sunlight is not directly responsible for breaking rocks into small pieces, it can contribute to physical weathering, which is a more complex process involving a variety of factors, including temperature changes, water, and other environmental factors.

The best way for your child to learn to eat and enjoy new foods is to copy you. Try to eat with them as often as you can. Give small portions and praise your child for eating, even if they only eat a little. If your child rejects the food, do not force them to eat it.

In operant conditioning, adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior is known as a. punishment.

Negative reinforcement is when a behavior is strengthened by the removal of an aversive stimulus. For example, when a child stops hitting other children and their parents stop yelling at them, the child is less likely to engage in that behavior in the future.

Negative reinforcement is a form of reinforcement that increases the probability of a response because the response causes something negative to stop or not appear. Whereas punishment is just the opposite, punishment increases the probability of a response because that response causes something negative to happen.

From the answer choices

A. punishment

B. acquisition

C. extinction

D. recovery

The correct answer is a. punishment

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The preference of scientists for the theory that makes the fewest unfamiliar or untested assumptions is known as the Principle of Parsimony.

The principle of parsimony is also referred to as Ockham's razor, which is a principle in philosophy and science that states that entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily. It has been described as a heuristic that is used to guide scientific inquiry when multiple theories are available to explain the same phenomenon.

The principle of parsimony is a method for selecting between different scientific theories that propose to explain the same phenomenon. Scientists prefer the theory that makes the fewest unfamiliar or untested assumptions because it is more likely to be true. This is because simpler theories are easier to test and verify than more complex ones that make more assumptions.

Additionally, simpler theories are more likely to be accurate because they require fewer assumptions to be true. The principle of parsimony is a valuable tool for scientists because it allows them to determine which theories are most likely to be true based on their simplicity and the number of untested assumptions they make.

By selecting the simplest theory that explains the available evidence, scientists can focus their efforts on testing and verifying that theory. This approach helps to ensure that scientific research is efficient, effective, and productive.

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just how people

dont pay money to see a bunch of accountants working, but

do pay money to see athletes working...

there is something about sports that transcends commercialization

sports people often dont even record games but must see it live

even if games are available for free on tv, people still spend a lot of money to go to the stadium to see it in person

even if its really bad weather

commercialization does amplify the sports culture & athlete hero worship

commercialization makes the hometown sports hero look like a national one

Effects of Media on Sports

The commercialisation of sport can have both positive and negative effects on sports participation and performance. One of the key ways in which commercialisation can affect participation is through the use of different types of media, which can influence the way that people engage with sports.

The effects of different types of media on sports participation can vary depending on a number of factors, including the popularity of the sport, the level of coverage it receives, and the demographics of the audience. For example, traditional media such as newspapers and television can be powerful tools for promoting sports and encouraging participation, as they reach a broad audience and can provide in-depth coverage of games and events. However, the rise of digital media and social networking sites has also had a significant impact on the way that people engage with sports.

Social media platforms have allowed fans to connect with athletes and teams in new ways, sharing news, opinions and experiences in real time. This can help to build a sense of community around a particular sport or team, which can be a powerful motivator for participation. Additionally, social media can make it easier for people to access information about sports events and activities, and to connect with other fans and participants.

However, the use of social media can also have negative effects on sports participation, particularly among younger audiences. Studies have shown that excessive social media use can lead to a decline in physical activity, as people spend more time on their devices and less time engaging in sports and other physical activities. Additionally, social media can create unrealistic expectations and pressures around sports performance, which can be demotivating for some participants.

Regular sports participation can have numerous long-term physical benefits for individuals. These can include improved cardiovascular health, increased muscle strength and endurance, improved coordination and balance, and reduced risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. Regular sports participation can also help to improve mental health and wellbeing, reducing stress and anxiety, improving mood, and enhancing self-esteem and confidence.

In addition to the physical benefits, regular sports participation can also have social benefits, including the opportunity to build social connections, develop teamwork skills, and learn important life skills such as goal-setting, communication and problem-solving. Sports participation can also help to promote a sense of belonging and community, which can be particularly important for individuals who may feel isolated or disconnected in other areas of their lives.

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The role of the whip in this situation would be to use their influence to encourage members of their party to support or oppose the bill, depending on the party's overall stance.

The role of the whip is to serve as a liaison between party leadership and the rank and file members of Congress. The whip's role is to promote party unity and maintain discipline. During the debate on the Affordable Care Act, the whip would be responsible for ensuring that members of the party remain unified in their stance on the bill.

1. The whip would assess the sentiment of the party's members and determine their stance on the bill.
2. The whip would communicate the party's stance to all members of the party and encourage them to follow it.
3. The whip would use its influence to motivate members to support or oppose the bill in line with the party's stance.

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Psychologists describe child raising in which rules are imposed without explanation as an authoritarian parenting style.

In this parenting style, parents are highly demanding and controlling, with strict rules and punishments for noncompliance. They often use physical punishment or verbal criticism to enforce rules and may be less responsive to their child's needs and emotions. Authoritarian parenting can have negative effects on a child's development, including lower self-esteem, poor social skills, and increased risk of mental health problems. However, it is important to note that cultural and individual differences can influence parenting styles, and authoritarian parenting may be appropriate in certain contexts or for certain children.

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The degree of dissimilarity that must exist between two stimuli before the dissimilarity is detected refers to the just noticeable difference (JND).

The just noticeable difference (JND) refers to the degree of dissimilarity that must exist between two stimuli before the dissimilarity is detected. JND is also referred to as the difference threshold because it is the minimum difference that must exist between two stimuli before a difference in them can be detected.

According to Weber's law, the difference threshold is proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus with which it is compared. It suggests that the more significant the stimulus is, the more massive the change must be to be noticed.

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No problem-solving strategy is guaranteed to produce a solution. Different strategies work better for different types of problems. Insight, algorithms, dialectical thinking, and heuristics can all be valuable problem-solving strategies and should be considered depending on the type of problem being addressed.

The most effective problem-solving strategy depends on the type of problem being addressed. Insight is the sudden realization of a solution to a problem and may be the most efficient solution. An algorithm is a set of well-defined steps used to solve a problem in a finite number of steps.

Dialectical thinking involves considering multiple viewpoints, allowing for creative problem solving and is best used when looking for a holistic solution. Lastly, a heuristic is a mental shortcut or rule of thumb strategy used to come to a solution.

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The dilemma of internal and external validity in social psychology research refers to the trade-off between the degree to which findings can be generalized to other contexts (external validity) versus the degree to which the study has controlled for extraneous variables to ensure causal conclusions (internal validity).

To resolve this dilemma, researchers can employ a variety of methods. One approach is to conduct studies that strike a balance between internal and external validity by carefully selecting participants and controlling for extraneous variables while also testing the research question in a context that resembles the real world as much as possible.

This can be done through the use of field experiments or naturalistic observation, which allow researchers to examine behavior in real-world settings.

Another approach is to use a multi-method approach, in which researchers use a combination of experimental, correlational, and qualitative methods to examine a research question from multiple angles.

Ultimately, resolving the dilemma of internal and external validity requires careful consideration of the research question, the available methods, and the trade-offs between internal and external validity in each specific study.

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a) Using a two-tailed t-test this sample does provide enough evidence to conclude that self-esteem scores for these adolescents are significantly different from those of the general population.

b) The Cohen's d  value to measure the size of the difference is 0.25.

c) "The self-esteem scores of adolescents with a history of group participation were found to be significantly different from the general population. The effect size indicating a small to medium effect."

a) To determine if the sample provides enough evidence to conclude that self-esteem scores for these adolescents are significantly different from those of the general population, we need to conduct a two-tailed t-test with a 0.05 level of significance.

Step 1: State the null and alternative hypotheses:

H0: µ = 50 (There is no significant difference in self-esteem scores)

H1: µ ≠ 50 (There is a significant difference in self-esteem scores)

Step 2: Calculate the test statistic (t-score):

t = (sample mean - population mean) / (standard deviation / sqrt(n))

t = (53.8 - 50) / (15 / sqrt(100))

t = 3.8 / 1.5

t ≈ 2.53

Step 3: Determine the critical value for a two-tailed test with α = 0.05 and df = 100 - 1 = 99. You can use a t-table or an online calculator to find this value. The critical values are approximately ± 1.984.

Step 4: Compare the test statistic to the critical values:

Since 2.53 > 1.984, we reject the null hypothesis (H0).

b) To compute Cohen's d, use the formula:

d = (sample mean - population mean) / standard deviation

d = (53.8 - 50) / 15

d ≈ 0.25

c) In a research report, the outcome of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size would be written as:

"The self-esteem scores of adolescents with a history of group participation were found to be significantly different from the general population (t(99) = 2.53, p < 0.05). The effect size, as measured by Cohen's d, was 0.25, indicating a small to medium effect."

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