A process that may lead to gamates containing too many or too few chromosomes is called?

(A) Recombination

(B) Crossing over

(C) Karyogenesis

(D) Nondisjunction

Answer:

D. 2 and 3 only.

Explanation:

First let's remember the Le Chatelier's Principle: Le Chatelier's principle states that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium shifts to counteract the change to reestablish equilibrium.

Let's see the reaction:

You can note that this reaction is exothermic. If we want the equilibrium to move to the left, we have to increase the temperature. In this case, we don't want that because we want to increase the concentration of NH3 and this means that the equilibrium goes to the right, so we have to decrease the temperature.

In the case of pressure, if we want to reach the equilibrium to the right, where is NH3, we have to increase the pressure because the pressure will move in such a way as to decrease the pressure again.

The answer would be D. 2 and 3 only.

We are going to assume that the gas behaves like an ideal gas, so we can apply the following equation:

Where,

P is the pressure of the gas in atm

V is the volume of the gas in liters, 2600mL=2.6L

n is the number of moles

R is a constant, 0.08206atm.L/mol.K

T is the temperature in Kelvin, 33.0°C=306.15K

Now we need to find the moles of O2 to plug into the equation. We divide the grams by the molar mass of O2. The molar mass of O2 is 31.9988g/mol.

We substitute the values in the ideal gas equation:

Now, we convert the atm to mmHg:

Answer: The pressure of the gas is 1033mmHg

Answer:

A: 0

B: 0

Explanation:

Initially the concentration of Mg+2 ions and F- ions is zero. The ICE table is:

We are asked to predict a reaction having two solids as reactants. The reaction occurs in the solid phase. Initially the elements are in their natural state, so they will have an oxidation state equal to 0.

This is a combination reaction, so the product will be a combination of aluminum and sulfur.

When combined, aluminum has an oxidation state of +3, this means that it gives up its electrons. Sulfur has an oxidation state of -2. The resulting product will be aluminum sulfide (Al2O3). so, the reaction will be:

We must balance the equation.

Let's start with sulfur. We multiply each sulfur-containing molecule by its opposite. In other words, we multiply the S8 molecule by 3 and we multiply the S3 molecule by 8.

And to balance the aluminum we must multiply the aluminum molecule by 16. So, the balanced equation will be:

So, the answer, in summary, will be:

We obtain a product with the formula Al2O3. Al is an ion with a charge of +3, and S is an ion with a charge of -2.

In order to find the percent composition for Nitrogen in NH4NO3, we will need to work with all the masses from this compound, so let's list them below:

NH4NO3 = 80.04 g/mol

N = 14 grams, but we have 2 nitrogens, therefore = 28 grams

H = 1 gram, 4 Hydrogens = 4 grams

O = 16 grams, 3 Oxygens = 48 grams

Now we take the total mass of the compound as 100% and check how much it will be made by Nitrogen:

80.04 g = 100%

28 g = x %

x = 34.98%, which we can round up to 35% therefore the answer will be letter E

Answer:

[tex]\blue{\boxed{\red{\sf CCl_4 \: will \: dissolve \: in \: gasoline}}}[/tex]

Explanation:

The simple concept that would be applied is

'Like Dissolves Like.'

According to this, the polar solvent will dissolve the polar solutes and the non-polar solvent will dissolve the non-polar solutes.

classification of given compounds as polar or non-polar,

[tex]\begin{gathered}\boxed{\begin{array}{c|c} \bf Polar & \bf Non-polar \\ \\ \frac{\qquad \qquad}{} & \frac{\qquad \qquad}{} \\ \sf NaCl & \sf CCl_4 \\ \\ \sf NaOH & \sf - \\ \\ \sf KCl & \sf - \end{array}} \\ \end{gathered}[/tex]

Also, the given data says water is a polar solvent while gasoline is a non-polar solvent. From all the information we have, we can conclude that CCl4 is the only compound that will dissolve in gasoline.

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Answer:

The total change in energy is -183 kJ/mol, and the reaction is exothermic.

Explanation:

1st) To calculate the total change in bond energy, it is necessary to calculate the energy of the broken bonds (in the reactants side) and the energy of the formed bonds (in the products side):

• Energy of broken bonds:

H-H: 1 x 432 = 432 kJ/mol

Cl-Cl: 1 x 239 = 239 kJ/mol

Total energy of broken bonds = 432 kJ/mol + 239 kJ/mol

Total energy of broken bonds = 671 kJ/mol

• Energy of formed bonds:

H-Cl: 2 x 427 = 854 kJ/mol

Total energy of formed bonds = 854 kJ/mol

2nd) Now to calculate the total change in bond energy, we have to subtract the Total energy of broken bonds minus the total energy of the formed bonds:

Total change in energy = Total energy of broken bonds - Total energy of formed bonds

Total change in energy = 671 kJ/mol - 854 kJ/mol

Total change in energy = -183 kJ/mol

Finally, the total change in energy is -183 kJ/mol, and the negative sign means that the reaction is exothermic, because

Answer: The total change of the energy is -183 kJ/mol

Explanation:

The way I would calculate the total change in the bond energy in the following steps:

- To calculate the whole change in the bond energy. By calculating the energies of the broken bonds and then the energy of the formed bonds.

-132 kJ/mol + 239 kJ/mol = a total of 671 kJ/mol broken bonds.

-H-CI: 2 x 427 = 854 kJ/mol

-Second to calculate the change in the bond energy we now need to subtract the total energy of the broken bond from the total energy of the formed bonds.

-Change in energy = 671 kJ/mol - 854 kJ.mol

-The total change of the energy is -183 kJ/

- Having the negative, therefore, means the reaction is exothermic.

Answer:

the water becomes solvent, and the mixture becomes the solution.

Explanation:

Answer:

a solution

Explanation:

solute and solvent(water) put together would produce a solution

Hetergeneous mixture   peanuts and almonds mixed ,a bucket full of sand and gravel. Homogeneous Mixture -food coloring dissolved in water together in a bowl,cup of tea and sugar .          

When the composition of a mixture is not constant throughout the mixture, the mixture is said to be heterogeneous. A variety of  make up vegetable soup. Each mouthful of soup will have variable proportions of the soup's various veggies and other ingredients.

For illustration A mixture of sugar and water, or salt and water, both of which have the same component ratio throughout the mixture, are examples of homogenous mixes.

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Answer

The hydrogen ion concentration, [H⁺] is 3.327 x 10⁻⁵ M

The hydroxide ion concentration [OH⁻] is 3.01 x 10⁻¹⁰ M

The solution is acid.

Explanation

pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH of less than 7 indicates acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base. pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the solution.

Since pH of the solution is 4.478, then it means the solution is acid.

The hydrogen ion concentration, [H⁺] of the solution can be calculated using the pH formula.

Substituting pH as 4.478 into the formula, we have

The hydrogen ion concentration, [H⁺] is 3.327 x 10⁻⁵ M

The relation between the hydrogen ion concentration, [H⁺] and hydroxide ion concentration [OH⁻] is

So, substituting [H⁺] as 3.327 x 10⁻⁵ M, we have:

Hence, the hydroxide ion concentration [OH⁻] is 3.01 x 10⁻¹⁰ M

According to the Planck's equation,the total energy of 2.3×10¹¹ photons of gamma radiation is 11.7208×10[tex]^-3[/tex] J.

Max Planck discovered the theory which stated that energy is transferred in the form of discrete packs which are called quanta and thus proposed an equation called the Planck's equation which relates energy and frequency of a photon and is given as, E=hcυ or in terms of wavelength it is ,E=hc/λ.

The equation makes use of a constant which is called the Planck's constant and it's value is 6.626×10[tex]^-34[/tex] Js.

In the given problem, the energy is calculated as, E=6.626×10[tex]^-34[/tex]×3×10⁸/3.9×10[tex]^-12[/tex]=5.096×10[tex]^-14[/tex] J.

Thus,for 2.3×10¹¹ photons it is 5.096×10[tex]^-14[/tex] ×2.3×10¹¹ =11.7208×10[tex]^-3[/tex] J.

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A solid has an identifiable shape and volume. A liquid has a fixed volume and an ill-defined shape. A gas has an undefined shape and a fixed volume.

A solid is something that has a specific shape and volume. The definition of a liquid is something that has a fixed volume but no fixed shape. A gas is described as something that has neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume.

A solid has a distinct volume and shape, a liquid has a distinct volume but no distinct shape, and a gas lacks both.

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Answer:

Explanations:

Answer:

Explanations:

Explanation:

We have a gas sample of carbon dioxide and we know its volume, the pressure and the temperature. We can find the number of moles of that sample using the ideal gas law.

P * V = n * R * T

Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas law and T is the temperature.

R = 0.082 atm*L/(mol*K)

Since R is in atm*L/(mol*K) we have to convert the volume from mL to L, the temperature from °C to K and the pressure from torr to atm.

1000 mL = 1 L

V = 26 mL = 26 mL * 1 L/(1000 mL)

V = 0.026 L

760 torr = 1 atm

P = 623 torr = 623 torr * 1 atm/(760 torr)

P = 0.820 atm

T = (273.15 + 11 ) K

T = 284.15 K

Now we can replace these values in the formula and solve it for n to find the number of moles that are present in the sample.

P * V = n * R * T

n = P * V/(R * T)

n = 0.820 atm * 0.026 L/(0.082 atm*L/(mol*K) * 284.15 K)

n = 0.000915 mol

Finally we can convert the moles of the sample into grams using the molar mass of carbon dioxide.

molar mass of C = 12.01 g/mol

molar mass of O = 16.00 g/mol

molar mass of CO₂ = 1 * 12.01 g/mol + 2 * 16.00 g/mol

molar mass of CO₂ = 44.01 g/mol

mass of CO₂ = 0.000915 mol * 44.01 g/mo

mass of CO₂ = 0.040 g

Answer: There are 0.040 g of carbon dioxide in the sample.

The volume can be measured by the displacement method and by the use of dimensions.

The term volume has to do with the space that is occupied by a substance. Thus we know that a solid has a definite volume and a definite shape while a liquid has a definite volume but does not have a definite shape. On the other hand, the gases does not have a definite shape or a definite volume.

In this case, we are staying with the volume of a solid object because this is what have been implied by the question that we have before us here.

There are two ways that we can use to obtain the volume of an object and these two methods are;

1) By calculation:  In this method, the dimensions of the object is measured and the volume of the object can be obtained from the dimensions of the object.

2) By displacement method: This involves a situation, in which a give volume of water is measured and then the object is added and the volume of the water that is displaced is measured and then taken as the volume of the object.

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Explanation:

A mixture of differet iron oxides is heated and they it absorbs oxygen from the air to form iron (II) oxide. The reaction can be represented like this:

2 Fe₃O₄ + 2 FeO + O₂ ----> 4 Fe₂O₃

The mass of the mixture of Iron oxides is 3.939 g. The mass of Fe₂O₃ formed is greater than the original mass, it is 4.197 g. That means that the sample absorbed oxygen.

mass of Fe₃O₄ + mass of FeO = 3.939 g

mass of Fe₂O₃ = 4.197 g

The law of conservation of mass states that no mass is loss or created in a chemical reaction. A mass balance can be written:

mass of Fe₃O₄ + mass of FeO + mass of O₂ = mass of Fe₂O₃

The known values can be replaced in the equation, and it can be solved for mass of O₂ to obtain the answer to the problem.

mass of Fe₃O₄ + mass of FeO + mass of O₂ = mass of Fe₂O₃

mass of O₂ = mass of Fe₂O₃ - (mass of Fe₃O₄ + mass of FeO)

mass of O₂ = 4.197 g - 3.939 g

mass of O₂ = 0.258 g

Answer: the mass of oxygen reacted is 0.258 g

The valence electrons are very effective in screening the core electrons from the full charge of the nucleus statements about effective nuclear charge is true

The attractive positive charge of nuclear protons acting on valence electrons is known as effective nuclear charge. Due to the shielding effect, the effective nuclear charge is always smaller than the total amount of protons in a nucleus. In comparison to all other periodic table trends, effective nuclear charge lags behind.

Although a fluorine atom's nucleus has a 9-volt charge Z, the core electrons—four from the 1s and 2s orbitals—and some of the 7 electrons in the 2p orbitals—screen the valence electrons noticeably. Therefore, the cation of sodium has the highest effective nuclear charge.

Effective nuclear charge lowers down a group and rises from left to right across a period in the periodic table.

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The wavelength in nm of light emitted when an electron transitions from n = 8 to n = 2 state is 38900nm.

It is given that the electron transition took place from n = 8 to n = 2. To find the wavelength, the following formula is to be used:

1/λ = R(1/n²₁ - 1/n²₂)

Here, n₁ = 2 n₂ = 8 and R = 109677. Therefore,

1/λ = 109677(1/2² - 1/8²)

1/λ = 109677(1/4 - 1/64)

1/λ = 109677((16-1)/64)

1/λ = 109677((15)/64)

1/λ = 0.234375 x 109677

1/λ = 25,705.5469

λ = 1/25,705.5469

λ = 3.89 x 10⁻⁵cm

λ = 38900 x 10⁻⁹m

λ = 38900nm

Therefore, the wavelength in nm from n=8 to n=2 transition is 38900nm

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According to the pH scale, the pH can range from 0 to 14, and the lower the pH, the more acidic the solution is, the same goes if the pH is higher, the solution will be basic. These two informations are based on the neutral value of pH, which is 7. Letter B is the answer

Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to select the correct option

We evaluate each of the options as follows:

a) Boiling

It is a state that occurs when the vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure for liquid substances

b) Evaporation

Evaporation occurs when liquid substances change directly into the gaseous state

c) Melting is the change from the solid state to the liquid state

d) Sublimation is the direct change of a substance from the solid to the vapor state. We can see this in iodine and naphthalene

[tex]$$\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_3(y)+\mathrm{O}_2(q) \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2(q)+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\text { I })$$[/tex]

[tex]\begin{tabular}{l|l}$C=2$ & $C=1$ \\$H=6$ & $H=2$ \\$O=2$ & $0=3$\end{tabular}[/tex]

First balance carbon then balms oxygen and followed by hydrogen through adding odd number Infront  of the reactant and product.

[tex]$$2\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_3(y)+7\mathrm{O}_2(q) \rightarrow 4\mathrm{CO}_2(q)+6\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\text { I })$$[/tex]

[tex]\begin{tabular}{l|l}$C=4$ & $C=4$ \\$H=12$ & $H=12$ \\$O=14$ & $0=14$\end{tabular}[/tex]

Stoichiometry as the calculation of products and reactants in a chemical response. It is fundamentally concerned with numbers. Stoichiometry is an critical concept in chemistry that makes a difference us utilize adjusted chemical conditions to calculate sums of reactants and products. Here, we make utilize of proportions from the adjusted condition. In common, all the responses that take put are subordinate on one primary figure, how much substance is present. Stoichiometry makes a difference us determine how much substance is required or is present.

Stoichiometry helps us determine

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There are 2.04*10^-4 moles of hydrogen.

To start the calculation it is necessary to use the molar mass of glycine:

- Glycine molar mass: 75.08 g/mol.

From the formula of glycine, we know that in 75.08g of glycine, there are 5 moles of hydrogen. So, in 3.06*10^-3g of glycine will be another amount of hydrogen, and we can calculate it with a mthematical Rule of Three:

So, there are 2.04*10^-4 moles of hydrogen in 3.06*10^-3g of glycine.

To calculate how polar a bond is we can look at the difference in electronegativity. An electronegativity greater than 1.7 represents an ionic bond, a bond less than 1.7 will be a covalent bond.

Let's see wich is the wich is the electronegativity of each element:

C=2.55

O=3.44

N=3.04

The difference of electronegativity of each pair of bonds will be:

Polar bonds are covalent bonds that have a difference in electronegativities. The greater the difference in electronegativity, the greater the polarity.

So, in this case, C-O bond will be more polar that C-N bond, the polarity.

The direction of the polarity will go towards the more electronegative element. So, we will have:

Answer: The most polar bond will be the C-O bond and the direction of polarity will be toward oxygen for the C-O bond and toward nitrogen for the C-N bond.

First, we need the reaction to start the exercise.

HCOOH(aq) + H2O(l) = H3O+(aq) + HCOO-(aq)

HCOOK => HCOO- + H+

------------------------------------------------------------------------

pH)

We have here an ionic equilibrium, HCOOH is a weak acid.

pKa = 3.77 (from tables)

The concentration of HCOOH 0.3 M

The concentration of HCOO- = 0.52 M HCOOK.

If we propose Ka for HCOOH(aq)

We clear (H3O+) and we apply -log and we get this:

Answer: pH = 4.01

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

pOH)

pH + pOH = 14

(This formula appears from the ionic equilibrium of water)

pOH = 14 - 4.01 = 9.99

Answer: pOH= 9.99

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The two indicators given are there to absorb water or moisture. So when the indicator is totally pink it means it has been used to its total potential.

By heating the indicator, this can evaporate the water from the indicator, thus restoring it. This means that the indicator will go back to its blue color and it can be re-used.

So the two changes caused by heating:

1. Indicator changes color back to blue.

2. Water is evaporated from the indicator.

The charge of 10,325,500 coulombs is needed to produce 53.5 mol of solid zinc.

The coulomb is the unit of electric charge in the International System of units and is represented by 'C'. In the S.I., it is equal to the electric charge delivered by a 1-ampere constant current in 1 second and to elementary charges, about 6.2×10¹⁸ e.

The coulomb in terms of the ampere and second can be described as 1 C = 1 A × 1 s. The SI base units fixed the numerical value of the elementary charge expressed in coulombs.

Solid zinc can be formed by chemical reactions:

Zn²⁺  +  2e⁻   →  Zn (s)

One mole of zinc is produced by using two moles of electrons.

One mole of electrons is equal to one faraday electricity.

Then, the total electrons required = 2×53.5 = 107 F

The charge (in coulombs) on one mole of electrons = 96500 C

Amount of charge required to form zinc = 96500 × 107 = 10,325,500 C

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The correct formula of zinc phosphate is Zn₃(PO₄)₂.

Chemical formula is a notation indicating the number of atoms of each element present in a compound.

The chemical or molecular formula shows the type of atoms of an element in a chemical compound and the number of each atoms in the element.

Zinc phosphate is a compound that possess the following elements:

This means that the chemical formula of zinc phosphate will show the number of atoms of zinc, phosphorus and oxygen present in the compound.

Therefore, this means that the chemical formula of the compound is Zn₃(PO₄)₂.

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Answer:

To solve this problem we use the ideal gas equation:

Where:

P is the pressure of the gas

V is the volume of the container (395 L)

n is the number of moles present (215 mol)

R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L.atm/mol.K)

T is the temperature of the gas (1110 K)

So to calculate the pressuere we have to use the equation and the data:

So the answer is 49.6 atm.

The moles of Cl⁻ ions present in 1.8 L of the intravenous solution is 0.063 moles.

The moles of Cl⁻ ions in the intravenous solution are calculated using the conversion factor between mEq/L to mmoles

The conversion between milliequivalents per Liter and millimoles per Liter is:

1 Millimole per Liter = 1 Milliequivalents per Liter.

Hence 35 mEq/L = 35 mmol/L

The mmoles of Cl⁻ ions in 1.8 liters of the intravenous solution will be:

moles of Cl⁻ ions = 35 mmol/L * 1.8 L

moles of Cl⁻ions = 63 mmoles

Converting to moles by dividing by 1000:

moles of Cl⁻ ions = 63 / 1000

moles of Cl⁻ ions = 0.063 moles.

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ANSWER

STEP-BY-STEP EXPLANATION