AAA’s zero-coupon bond is trading at 64 and has exactly 8 years
to maturity. What is its current yield to maturity? (Your answer
should be a % carried to 2 places.)

Assuming all other parameters that impact the price of bonds and stocks remain constant, if interest rates increase, bond prices would decrease and stock prices would decrease. Therefore, the correct answer is b.

Bond prices and stock prices have an inverse relationship with interest rates.

When interest rates increase, bond prices decrease because newly issued bonds offer higher yields than older bonds, making the older bonds less attractive.

The decrease in bond prices also leads to a decrease in stock prices because investors may switch from stocks to bonds to take advantage of higher yields.

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The value of YTC is approximately 3.125 percent (Option A).

Blue Water Homes has 8 percent bonds outstanding that mature in 13 years and pay interest semiannually.

The bonds have a par value of $1,000 and are callable in 5 years at a call price of $1,050. The current price of the bonds is $1,110.92.

To determine the yield to call (YTC), we need to calculate the internal rate of return on the bond's cash flows, considering the bond's current price, call price, and interest payments.

Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, input the following values:

N = 10 periods (5 years * 2 semiannual periods), P

V = -$1,110.92 (negative because it's an outflow),

PMT = $40 (8% * $1,000 / 2 semiannual periods), and FV = $1,050.

Solve for the interest rate (I) which represents the YTC. The calculated YTC is approximately 3.125 percent (Option A).

This is the yield an investor would receive if they purchase the bond at its current price and the bond is called at the call price in 5 years.

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One possible scenario of a scam to get someone's personal information is a phishing email scam.

In this scenario, a person receives an email that appears to be from a legitimate company, such as a bank or an online retailer. The email may claim that there is a problem with the person's account or an unauthorized transaction has been made.

The email will then provide a link or attachment for the person to click on to resolve the issue. However, the link or attachment will direct the person to a fake website or download malicious software that can steal the person's personal information, such as their login credentials or credit card details.

To avoid falling victim to this scam, there are several things that can be done. First, always be cautious of unsolicited emails or messages. Second, do not click on any links or attachments in emails or messages, especially from unknown sources.

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The financial fates are: WORKER A: FUTURE VALUE = $3,066,000 Total Contribution = $216,000, WORKER B: FUTURE VALUE = $2,085,000 Total Contribution = $180,000.

Financial fates is a term used to refer to the future of a company’s financial state. This can include the company’s financial health, performance, and ability to meet obligations such as debt payments. Companies can have good or bad financial fates, and it is important for those in the corporate and finance industries to be aware of these changes in order to make informed decisions.

In total, Worker A has contributed $216,000 and earned an interest of $2,850,000, resulting in a future value of $3,066,000. On the other hand, Worker B, who has saved for a shorter period of time and contributed less money, has a future value of $2,085,000. This is because Worker B has only contributed $180,000 and earned an interest of $1,905,000. The difference in the future values of the two workers is $981,000.

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Answer:

We can use the present value formula to solve for the yield to maturity of the bond:

PV = C / (1 + r)^1 + C / (1 + r)^2 + ... + C / (1 + r)^5 + FV / (1 + r)^5

where PV is the current price of the bond, C is the annual coupon payment, r is the yield to maturity, and FV is the face value of the bond.

Plugging in the given values:

PV = $835

C = $60

FV = $1,000

n = 5

Solving for r using trial and error or a financial calculator, we find that the yield to maturity of the bond is approximately 8.00%.

Therefore, the yield to maturity of the bond is 8.00%.

A cycle time of 6.5 minutes per unit would match capacity and demand under the given conditions

To calculate the cycle time that matches capacity and demand, we first need to determine the available working minutes per day.

Given two shifts of 480 minutes each and three half-hour breaks during each shift, we can calculate the total working minutes.

Each shift has 480 minutes - (3 breaks * 30 minutes) = 480 - 90 = 390 minutes of work.

With two shifts, there are 2 * 390 = 780 minutes of work per day.

Now, we need to divide the total available working minutes by the daily demand to find the cycle time that matches capacity and demand:

Cycle time = Available working minutes / Demand Cycle time = 780 minutes / 120 units

Cycle time = 6.5 minutes per unit

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The function that calculates a periodic rate for an investment or loan given the number of payments, fixed periodic payments, and present value is the RATE function.

The RATE function is a financial formula commonly used in finance and accounting to determine the periodic interest rate required to satisfy the conditions of a loan or investment based on the given inputs. In the RATE function, NPER represents the total number of payments, while PV (Present Value) denotes the initial value of the loan or investment. PMT is the fixed periodic payment made for the loan or investment. By inputting these values into the RATE function, one can effectively calculate the periodic interest rate required to meet the predetermined conditions of the loan or investment.

This function is particularly useful in determining the interest rate necessary for a loan to be paid off within a specified period, or to calculate the interest rate required for an investment to reach a desired future value. In summary, The function that calculates a periodic rate for an investment or loan given the number of payments, fixed periodic payments, and present value is the RATE function.

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The unknown variable in this case is the face value (FV) of the bond, which is $1000.

In order to value the bond, we need to use the formula for the present value of a bond:

PV = CF / (1 + r[tex])^n[/tex]

Where PV is the present value of the bond, CF is the cash flow (in this case, the face value of the bond), r is the yield to maturity, and n is the number of years until maturity.

Since this is a zero-coupon bond, the cash flow (CF) is equal to the face value of the bond. Therefore, we can rewrite the formula as:

PV = FV / (1 + r[tex])^n[/tex]

Where FV is the face value of the bond.

We are given that the bond has a face value of FV = $1000, a maturity of n = 10 years, and a yield to maturity of r = 6%. We are also given that investors are willing to pay $950 for the bond.

Substituting these values into the formula, we get:

$950 = $1000 / (1 + 0.06[tex])^1^0[/tex]

To solve for the unknown variable, we can rearrange the equation as:

$950 * (1 + 0.06[tex])^1^0[/tex] = $1000

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Fiscal restraint stimulus occurred between 1930 and 1931, the policy changed aggregate demand if the mpc was 0.90. the approach alter expanded total requests by $25 billion.

To calculate the alter in total request coming about from the monetary arrangement later, we got to utilize the investing multiplier equation, which is:

Multiplier = 1 / (1 - MPC), where MPC is the negligible penchant to devour. In the event that MPC is 0.90, at that point:

Multiplier = 1 / (1 - 0.90) = 10

This implies that each $1 financial jolt will increment the total request by $10.

Given that $2.5 billion of financial boost happened between 1930 and 1931, the alter in total request would be: Alter in total request = $2.5 billion x 10 = $25 billion

thus, the approach alter expanded total requests by $25 billion. 

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If a firm has no investment opportunities, then  It doesn't need the services of an investment bank and It should not retain earnings because there aren't any investment opportunities. The correct option is (e).

Raising capital to have cash on hand (Option A) doesn't make sense because the firm doesn't have any projects to invest in, so having excess cash would be unnecessary. Raising capital to dilute the value of its shares (Option B) is not a sound strategy either because it can harm the value of existing shareholders' holdings, and dilution doesn't create any value for the firm or its shareholders.

In conclusion, when a firm has no investment opportunities, it should focus on returning excess cash to shareholders and avoid retaining earnings. This will ensure that the firm is not holding onto unnecessary cash and is operating in the best interest of its shareholders.

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a) To calculate the required return for this stock, we can use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) formula:
Required return = Risk-free rate + Beta * (Market return - Risk-free rate)
Risk-free rate = 1.00%Beta = 1.22
Market return = 12.90%
Required return = 1.00% + 1.22 * (12.90% - 1.00%)
Required return = 15.11%Therefore, the required return for this stock is 15.11%.
b) To calculate the expected return for this stock, we can use the formula:
Expected return = (Expected dividend payment / Current stock price) + (Expected stock price - Current stock price) / Current stock price
Expected dividend payment = $2.24
Current stock price = $9.51
Expected stock price = $14.61
Expected return = ($2.24 / $9.51) + ($14.61 - $9.51) / $9.51
Expected return = 33.67%
Therefore, the expected return for this stock is 33.67%.

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The correct statement is "to find the beta of a stock, one can multiply the correlation coefficient between stock return and market return by the standard deviation of the stock return and divide the product by the standard deviation of the market return."

This formula is used to calculate the beta of a stock, which measures the stock's sensitivity to market movements. The statement "a stock has a return correlation coefficient with the market return of 0.72 and it has a standard deviation of 30%, its beta is equal to 0.75 if the market portfolio has a standard deviation of 25%" is an example of using this formula to calculate the beta of a stock. The statement "the greater the beta of the stock, the higher the risk the stock has" is also true, as a higher beta indicates higher market risk. However, the statement "the greater the standard deviation of the stock, the higher the risk the stock has" is not necessarily true, as standard deviation is only one measure of risk and does not capture all types of risk (such as company-specific risk).

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Ongoing current consumption so that those resources can be used to produce new capital is called investment. The correct answer is e  Investment

Investment refers to the process of forgoing current consumption so that those resources can be used to produce new capital. In this context, "capital" represents physical assets or resources used to produce goods and services, such as machinery, buildings, or technology.

When individuals or businesses decide to invest, they are choosing to sacrifice immediate consumption or satisfaction in order to potentially increase their productivity or income in the future. This decision is driven by the desire for economic growth and a higher standard of living over time.

Investment is distinct from the other options listed. Scarcity (a) refers to the limited availability of resources; absolute advantage (b) describes a country's ability to produce a good more efficiently than another country; and comparative advantage (c) is the ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another country. Saving (d) is the act of setting aside money or resources for future use, but it does not necessarily involve using those resources to create new capital, as investment does.

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Franklins will not be able to exclude any gain from the sale of their vacation home in 2020, as it does not qualify as their primary residence under Section 121 of the Internal Revenue Code. The gain on the sale is found as $250,000

The exclusion of gain on the sale of a home is governed by the Internal Revenue Code Section 121, which states that a taxpayer can exclude up to $250,000 of gain on the sale of their primary residence if they meet certain conditions, such as using the home as their main residence for at least two out of the last five years. For married couples filing jointly, the exclusion limit is $500,000.

However, the vacation home in question does not qualify as the Franklins' primary residence since they only used it for vacations. Therefore, they are not eligible for the Section 121 exclusion on the gain from the sale of this property.

To calculate the gain, the Franklins must determine their adjusted basis in the property, which includes the original purchase price and any improvements made to the property since 2017. Subtracting this basis from the FMV of $800,000 will give the amount of gain on the sale. This entire gain must be reported as part of the Franklins' gross income in 2020, as they cannot exclude any portion of it under Section 121.

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a. The effective semiannual return is 3.46%.

b. The effective quarterly return is 1.72%.

c. The effective monthly return is 0.58%.

To calculate the effective semiannual return, we need to use the formula:

(1 + annual rate)^1/2 - 1 = (1 + 0.07)^1/2 - 1 = 0.0346 or 3.46%.

To calculate the effective quarterly return, we need to use the formula:

(1 + annual rate)^1/4 - 1 = (1 + 0.07)^1/4 - 1 = 0.0172 or 1.72%.

To calculate the effective monthly return, we need to use the formula:

(1 + annual rate)^1/12 - 1 = (1 + 0.07)^1/12 - 1 = 0.0058 or 0.58%.

These calculations are important in finance as they allow investors to compare returns on investments with different compounding frequencies.

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True. The von Thünen model is an economic theory that explains how agricultural land use is determined based on the location of the land and the cost of transportation. The theory was developed by Johann Heinrich von Thünen, a German economist and farmer, in the early 19th century.

One of the key assumptions of the von Thünen model is that a subsistence economic system implies nearly total self-sufficiency of its members. In other words, people who live in a subsistence economy produce most of what they consume and rely little on trade or market exchange.

The model is based on the observation that the value of agricultural land is determined based on soil fertility and climate. The most fertile land is typically located close to the city, where it can be easily transported and sold in the market. As one moves further away from the city, the land becomes less fertile and more difficult to transport, leading to lower land values.

The von Thünen model assumes that farmers will choose to cultivate crops that are most profitable given the location of their land and the cost of transportation.

On the other hand, if a farmer has land located far from the city, they are more likely to grow crops that are less perishable and have a lower value per unit of weight, such as grains and livestock.

The von Thünen model provides a useful framework for understanding how agricultural land use is determined based on location and transportation costs. While the model is not without limitations, it continues to be an important tool for economists and geographers studying agricultural systems and rural development.

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Complete question is:

A subsistence economic system implies nearly total self-sufficiency of its members. The von Thünen model is based on the observation that the value of agricultural land is determined based on soil fertility and climate. True/False

The von Thünen model is based on the assumption that farmers in a subsistence economy prioritize their needs based on proximity to the market.

The von Thünen model is an economic theory that explains the spatial distribution of agriculture in a hypothetical, isolated, and subsistence economy. It assumes that farmers prioritize their needs based on the proximity to the market, with more perishable goods being produced closer to the market and fewer perishable ones further away. In a subsistence economy, farmers focus on self-sufficiency and prioritize the production of food and other essential items needed for survival. The model also assumes that the value of agricultural land is determined by soil fertility and climate, which can vary with distance from the market. As a result, the model predicts that farmers will produce crops with the highest value per unit of land closest to the market and move outwards to less valuable crops as they move further away.

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The nominal risk premium for large stocks was 16.1 percent.

To calculate the nominal risk premium, you need to subtract the average return of T-bills from the average return of large-company stocks. In this case, the average return of large-company stocks was 18.5 percent, while the average return of T-bills was 2.4 percent. Using these values, the calculation is as follows:

Nominal Risk Premium = Large-Company Stocks Return - T-Bills Return
Nominal Risk Premium = 18.5% - 2.4%
Nominal Risk Premium = 16.1%

Thus, the nominal risk premium for large stocks over the past 55 years was 16.1 percent. This value represents the additional return investors can expect from investing in large-company stocks instead of T-bills, without considering the impact of inflation.

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The investment rate of the 180-day T-bill is approximately 3.09%.

To calculate the investment rate of a 180-day T-bill, you can use the following formula:

Investment Rate = ((Maturity Value - Purchase Price) / Purchase Price) * (365 / Number of Days) * 100

Plugging in the given values:

Investment Rate = (($10,000 - $9,850) / $9,850) * (365 / 180) * 100

Investment Rate = ($150 / $9,850) * (365 / 180) * 100

Investment Rate ≈ 0.01523 * 2.028 * 100

Investment Rate ≈ 3.09%

So, the investment rate of the 180-day T-bill is approximately 3.09%.

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Using the basis of interest rates, the loan alternative which should be chosen is loan a.

To compare the loan alternatives and choose the better option, we will use the effective annual rate (EAR) formula. The EAR allows us to compare loans with different compounding periods on an equal basis. The formula for EAR is:

EAR = (1 + i/n)^(n) - 1

where i is the nominal interest rate, and n is the number of compounding periods per year.

For loan a:

i = 15.5% (0.155) and n = 1 (annual compounding)

EAR_a = (1 + 0.155/1)^1 - 1 = 0.155 = 15.5%

For loan b:

i = 15% (0.15) and n = 4 (quarterly compounding)

EAR_b = (1 + 0.15/4)^4 - 1 ≈ 0.15856 = 15.856%

Comparing the two loans, loan a has an effective annual rate of 15.5%, while loan b has an effective annual rate of 15.856%. Based on the interest rates, I would choose loan a, as it has a lower effective annual rate (15.5%) compared to loan b (15.856%).

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The economic service life of the generator is 6 years, and its associated AW value is -$873,458.38. This means that the generator is not economically justified, since its costs exceed its revenues over its useful life.

To find the economic service life and the associated annual worth (AW) value, we need to calculate the present worth (PW) of the generator's costs and revenues over time, and then use the PW to calculate the AW.

Let's start by calculating the salvage value (S) of the generator at the end of each year, using the given equation:

S = 70,000(1 - 0.15)^n

where n is the number of years after purchase.

After 1 year: S = 70,000(1 - 0.15[tex])^1[/tex]= 59,500

After 2 years: S = 70,000(1 - 0.15[tex])^2[/tex] = 50,575

After 3 years: S = 70,000(1 - 0.15[tex])^3[/tex]= 42,989

After 4 years: S = 70,000(1 - 0.15[tex])^4[/tex] = 36,541

After 5 years: S = 70,000(1 - 0.15[tex])^5[/tex] = 31,065

After 6 years: S = 70,000(1 - 0.15[tex])^6[/tex]= 26,410

Next, let's calculate the PW of the costs and revenues associated with the generator, using the given interest rate of 12% per year. We'll assume that the generator is purchased at the beginning of year 1.

Year 0:

First cost: PW = -$73,000

Years 1-6:

Annual operating cost: PW = -$75,000(P/F,12%,1) - -$75,000(P/F,12%,2) - ... - -$75,000(P/F,12%,6)

= -$75,000(3.0374) = -$227,805.24

Salvage value: PW = $59,500(P/F,12%,1) + $50,575(P/F,12%,2) + ... + $26,410(P/F,12%,6)

= $59,500(0.8929) + $50,575(0.7972) + ... + $26,410(0.3349)

= $133,411.69

The total PW of the costs and revenues is:

PW = -$73,000 + $133,411.69 - $227,805.24

= -$167,393.55

Finally, we can use the PW to calculate the AW, using the formula:

AW = PW(A/P,12%,6)

where A/P is the factor for an arithmetic gradient of 0% over 6 years, which is 5.2166.

AW = -$167,393.55(5.2166)

= -$873,458.38

Therefore, the economic service life of the generator is 6 years, and its associated AW value is -$873,458.38. This means that the generator is not economically justified, since its costs exceed its revenues over its useful life.

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To calculate the probability of having a positive profit after 6 months, we need to find the range of stock prices that result in a positive profit for the straddle.

Using the Black-Scholes model, the range is given by:

Lower Bound = K - Straddle Price = 42 - (Call Price + Put Price) = 42 - (2 x 3.22) = 35.56

Upper Bound = K + Straddle Price = 42 + (Call Price + Put Price) = 42 + (2 x 3.22) = 48.78

Therefore, the range of stock prices that result in a positive profit for the straddle is 35.56 to 48.78.

To calculate the probability of having a positive profit, we need to calculate the probability that the stock price after 6 months will be within this range. This can be done using the Black-Scholes formula with the given inputs and the calculated lower and upper bounds.

Using a calculator or spreadsheet, the probability of the stock price being between 35.56 and 48.78 after 6 months is approximately 0.632. Therefore, the probability of having a positive profit after 6 months is 63.2%.

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percentage_dead = (float(total_dead) / total_population) * 100.0

The percentage of people who are no longer alive can be calculated by dividing the total number of people who are dead by the total population and then multiplying by 100.0. We can alias this result as percentage_dead.

For example, if the total population is 1,000 and the total number of people who are dead is 400, then the percentage of people who are no longer alive is 40%. In this case, percentage_dead = 40.0.

It is important to note that it is necessary to use 100.0 instead of 100 in the calculation, because if we used 100, then the result would be an integer and not a float. By using 100.0, we can make sure that the result is a float and not an integer.

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The after-tax present worth of a chip placer is $54,414.64.

To calculate the after-tax present worth, follow these steps:

1. Determine the cash flow generated by the chip placer: Annual savings - (Annual savings * Corporate income tax rate) = $23,000 - ($23,000 * 0.54) = $10,580.

2. Calculate the present value of the cash flows for 6 years: PV = CF * [(1 - (1 + i)⁻ⁿ) / i], where PV is present value, CF is cash flow, i is the after-tax interest rate (0.10), and n is the number of years (6). PV = $10,580 * [(1 - (1 + 0.10)⁻⁶) / 0.10] = $45,914.64.

3. Calculate the present value of the salvage value: PV = SV / (1 + i)ⁿ, where PV is present value, SV is salvage value ($7,500), i is the after-tax interest rate (0.10), and n is the number of years (6). PV = $7,500 / (1 + 0.10)⁶ = $8,500.

4. Subtract the cost of the chip placer from the sum of the present values of cash flows and salvage value: After-tax present worth = (Present value of cash flows + Present value of salvage value) - Cost of chip placer = ($45,914.64 + $8,500) - $75,000 = $54,414.64.

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To determine the coefficient of elasticity for demand for both products, we can use the following formula:

Elasticity of demand = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price)

For good X:

Elasticity of demand = [(300-250)/((300+250)/2)] / [(25-45)/((25+45)/2)] = -0.714

For good Y:

Elasticity of demand = [(20-5)/((20+5)/2)] / [(80-90)/((80+90)/2)] = 0.789

b. Good X has an elasticity of -0.714, which means it is inelastic (less than 1). Good Y has an elasticity of 0.789, which means it is elastic (more than 1). Therefore, Good Y is more elastic than Good X.

c. If a tax was to be implemented to raise tax revenues, we would choose the product with the less elastic demand because it will be able to withstand the tax more easily. In this case, Good X has the less elastic demand, so we would choose to tax Good X.

d. If both products were dangerous to Canadians, the government would be more inclined to tax the product with the more elastic demand because it will result in a greater reduction in consumption.

In this case, Good Y has the more elastic demand, so the government would be more inclined to tax Good Y to reduce its consumption.

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Typically, insurance companies require claimants to submit documentation within a specific time frame, which can range from 30 to 90 days after the incident.

To effectively handle Mary Johnson's theft claim, it's important to obtain the necessary documentation in a timely manner.

Typically, claimants have a specific period to submit their documents, which may vary depending on the insurance company's policies or local regulations. It's common for this period to be within 30 to 90 days from the date of the theft.

To conduct a thorough investigation, request essential documents such as a detailed list of stolen items, their values, proof of ownership, and a police report.

Maintaining clear communication with Mary and providing guidance on required documentation can facilitate a smoother process

. Remember to adhere to the specified deadline and maintain professionalism and accuracy throughout the investigation to ensure a fair outcome for Mary Johnson's theft claim.

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The principal portion of the total payment in year 4 for this loan is $1,029.

To calculate the principal portion of the total payment in year 4 for the $15,000 4-year constant payment loan at 11% interest, you can use the formula for the present value of an annuity:

P = A / ((1 + r)^n - 1) * (1 + r)^(-t)

Where:
P = Principal portion of payment
A = Constant payment amount
r = Annual interest rate
n = Total number of payment periods
t = Number of payment periods remaining

In this case:

A = $15,000 / 4 = $3,750
r = 11% or 0.11
n = 4 years * 1 payment per year = 4
t = 1 year (since we want to find the principal portion of the payment in year 4)

Plugging in these values, we get:

P = $3,750 / ((1 + 0.11)^4 - 1) * (1 + 0.11)^(-1)
P = $1,029.41

Therefore, the principal portion of the total payment in year 4 for the $15,000 4-year constant payment loan is $1,029, rounded to the nearest dollar.

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We can use the formula for the future value of an annuity:

[tex]FV = PMT * [(1 + r)^n - 1]/r[/tex]

where FV is the future value, PMT is the annuity payment, r is the annual interest rate, and n is the number of periods.

Let X be the deposit at the beginning of years 1-15, and Y be the deposit at the beginning of years 26-40. The total number of periods is 40, and the interest rate is 4%.

For the first 15 years, the future value of X is:

FV1 = X * [[tex](1 + 0.04)^_{15}[/tex] - 1]/0.04

For the next 10 years, there are no deposits, so the future value remains the same:

FV2 = FV1 * [tex](1 + 0.04)^_{10}[/tex]

For the last 15 years, the future value of Y is:

FV3 = Y * [[tex](1 + 0.04)^_{15}[/tex] - 1]/0.04

The total future value must be $50,000:

[tex]FV_{1}[/tex] + [tex]FV_{2}[/tex] + [tex]FV_{3}[/tex] = 50,000

We are also given that X - Y = 120. We can substitute X = Y + 120 into the equation above and solve for Y:

(Y + 120) * [[tex](1 + 0.04)^_{15}[/tex] - 1]/0.04 + [tex]FV_{2}[/tex] + Y * [[tex](1 + 0.04)^_{15}[/tex] - 1]/0.04 = 50,000

Simplifying the equation and solving for Y gives:

Y ≈ $1,679.61

Therefore, Eloise should deposit $1,679.61 at the beginning of each year for the last 15 years to accumulate $50,000 at the end of 40 years, given the specified conditions.

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1. Some people should use cash to make purchases instead of credit because they may have difficulty managing debt or controlling their spending habits.

2. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act prohibits creditors from denying credit based on a person's race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, or receipt of public assistance.

3. You have the right to know the reason for the denial, if you are denied credit.

4. A weak credit report make it difficult to obtain loans or credit cards, resulting in higher interest rates.

1. Some people should use cash to make purchases instead of credit because using cash can help them avoid overspending, manage their budget more effectively, and stay out of debt. Additionally, using cash eliminates the risk of accruing interest charges and potential late fees from credit card payments.

Cash purchases provide a tangible way to see how much money is being spent and limit the amount of debt that can accrue. Additionally, some businesses may offer discounts for cash purchases, which can provide a financial benefit.

2. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) prohibits creditors from denying credit based on factors such as race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, or because a person receives public assistance. Under these conditions, it is illegal for creditors to discriminate when approving or denying credit applications. Additionally, creditors cannot discriminate based on a person's credit history or lack of credit history.

3. If you are denied credit, you have the right to know the reason for the denial. According to the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), a creditor must provide a written explanation of the denial within 30 days of the applicant's request, which should include the specific reasons for the denial or a notice of the applicant's right to obtain this information.

4. A weak credit report can affect you in several ways, such as making it more difficult to obtain loans or credit cards, resulting in higher interest rates, and possibly affecting your ability to secure employment or housing. A poor credit history may indicate to lenders that you are a high-risk borrower, leading them to charge higher interest rates or deny your application altogether. Additionally, some employers and landlords may review your credit report as part of their decision-making process, potentially impacting job opportunities and housing options.

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The simplified expression for the present value is PV = Do/(r^2 + r) and the duration of this security is Duration = Do * (2r + 1)/(r^2 + r)^2.

To find the present value of the security, we use the continuous dividend discount model: PV = ∫[0,∞] D(t)e^(-rt) dt

Substituting the dividend function D(t) = Do(1 + t) gives:
PV = Do ∫[0,∞] (1 + t)e^(-rt) dt

Using integration by parts, we get:
PV = Do [(1 + r)^(-2)] = Do/(r^2 + r)

To find the duration of the security, we use the formula: Duration = (-1/PV) * dPV/dr

Differentiating the present value expression with respect to r, we get:
dPV/dr = -Do/(r^2 + r)^2 * (2r + 1)

Substituting this into the duration formula gives:
Duration = Do * (2r + 1)/(r^2 + r)^2

To find the maturity ZC bond that matches this duration, we solve the following equation: Duration of ZC bond = Duration of security

Using the duration formula for a ZC bond, we get:
Duration of ZC bond = Maturity

Substituting this into the equation above and solving for maturity, we get:
Maturity = (2r + 1)/(r^2 + r)^2

If r = 10%, then the maturity of the ZC bond that matches the duration of the security is: Maturity = (2*0.1 + 1)/(0.1^2 + 0.1)^2 = 8.75 years (approximately).

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a. The current price of the bond is $980.20. b. The yield to maturity of the bond is 5.80%.

a. To calculate the current price of the bond, we first need to determine the semiannual coupon payment, which is $27.50 (=$1,000 x 5.5% / 2).

Then, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity to calculate the present value of the semiannual coupon payments and the formula for the present value of a lump sum to calculate the present value of the bond's face value:

PV of semiannual coupon payments = $27.50 x [1 - 1/(1 + 2.75%)¹²ˣ²] / (2.75%) = $450.48

PV of face value = $1,000 / (1 + 2.75%)¹²ˣ²= $529.72

Therefore, the current price of the bond is:

Current price = PV of semiannual coupon payments + PV of face value = $450.48 + $529.72 = $980.20

b. To calculate the yield to maturity of the bond, we can use an iterative process or a financial calculator.

Using a financial calculator, we can input the following values:
N = 24 (12 years x 2 semiannual periods),

PMT = $27.50, FV = $1,000,

PV = -$980.20, and solve for I/Y,

which gives us a yield to maturity of 5.80%.

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