according to your text, why does psychoanalysis work? group of answer choices once a person understands her or his maladaptive thoughts, new thoughts can be learned. once a person understands the reinforcement acting to sustain behavior, new behavioral consequences can be implemented. once a person gains insight into their conflicts, those issues can be resolved. once a person feels unconditional positive regard, she or he can learn to love her or himself.

Answers

Answer 1

Psychoanalysis work Once a person gains insight, conflicts can be resolved.

Psycho-analysis or Freud’s Theory of dream means both the technical method devised by Freud for investigating and treating neurosis or mental disorder as well as his theory of the structure of the mind.

It is a school of psychology that arose out of medical practice and may as well be regarded as a school of psychiatry. Its concepts are all dynamic, namely desires, instincts, urges, resistances, conflicts, repressions, and so on. It believes in mental causation and thoroughgoing mental determination.

Psychoanalysis is a set of theories and healing strategies that deal in components of the subconscious mind, and which together form a method of remedy for intellectual disorders.

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Related Questions

Spiritual value is the most important amongst all human values.'Do you agree? Explain in ten sentences.​

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Nonsecular values within the spiritual measurement can offer steerage for a sustainable lifestyle and well-being of society. The ultimate motive of religion isn't only approximately God and rituals, but additionally approximately a courting with the environment, nature, and fellow people.

The values of truths, peace, love, righteousness, and non-violence are discovered in all predominant spiritual paths, these religious paths also are human values and the essential roots of a colorful, wholesome, and possible painting career.

Religious values within the creation of meaning covered building a supply of electricity, improvement, and wish linked to mutual giving and taking, supporting and being helped. Having the electricity and power to battle helped the struggling patient to keep her/his dignity as a person.

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when a fingerprint examiner is asked to compare a suspect's fingerprints with the , this means she needs to compare the suspect's prints with the ones found at the scene of a crime.

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Two independent fingerprint experts have come to the conclusion that the suspect cannot be the origin of the print. This situation demonstrates how reliable fingerprint analysis is across different people.

In court, fingerprint examiners frequently claim to have "100% assurance" that a match has occurred. To testify about a match in probabilistic terms is, in fact, against their professional standards. This is quite odd because fingerprint recognition must by its very nature include probability. We encourage criminal suspects to remember their rights and maintain composure even when they are led to believe that the evidence points to their conviction. Individual fingerprints serve as a reliable form of identification. However, they are never the only proof that someone committed a crime. It can appear that everyone utilizes fingerprints and immediately makes an arrest based on such information. However, a person accused of committing a crime might not be convicted based solely on their fingerprints. Each person's fingerprint has a unique pattern, making them potentially unique.

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A parent who is worrying over her teenager's dangerous and self-destructive behaviour and low self-esteem may wish to look at her child's?

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A parent who is worrying over her teenager's dangerous and self-destructive thought and low self-esteem may wish to look at her child's Reference Group.

What is Reference Group?

A Reference group is an assortment of individuals that we use as a norm of correlation for ourselves whether or not we are essential for that group.

We depend on reference groups to comprehend accepted practices, which then shape our qualities, thoughts, conduct, and appearance. This implies that we likewise use them to assess the relative worth, attractiveness, or fittingness of these things.

Sociologists trust that our relationship to groups and to society at large shapes our singular considerations and ways of behaving. How we connect with reference groups is vital to how gatherings and society apply social power on us as people.

Therefore The idea of a reference group is one of the most fundamental of social science.

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Instructions according to my teacher:

Most Influential Amendment in the Constitution. How and Why?
Which Amendment to the United States Constitution has made the biggest difference in people's lives? Explain how and why.
Must be 150 words. BE CERTAIN TO EXPLAIN THE HOW AND WHY and write with depth.

Answers

The first amendment can be said to be the most influential amendment that is in the constitution of the United States.

What is the first amendment?

This is the amendment of the United States that has to do with the rights that are granted to the people of the country. This is the right that has to do with the way that the government has to treat the people and also ensure that the people that are in the government are not under a dictatorial rule in the country.

The first amendment has made the greatest impact in the life of the people because it has to do with the right of the people and the fact that the people of the country would not have to be in a situation where the government would have to ensure that the rights of the people are upheld.

The amendment is great because it has helped to grant liberty to the citizens of the nation, people have basic rights such as rights to speak freely, assemble and also to worship

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the separation stage of bereavement is characterized by the pain of loss and an intense yearning to be reunited with the person who passed away.

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The separation stage of bereavement is characterized by the pain of loss and an intense yearning to be reunited with the person who passed away. This statement is true

A loss is defined as something or someone leaving or being taken away from you, grief when something is gone, or a drop in money. An example of loss is the death of a parent. An example of loss is when you are fired from your job. One example of loss is how it feels when a pet dies.

loss function, in statistics, is a function that represents the cost associated with an event. path loss. Attenuation is experienced by an electromagnetic wave as it travels from a transmitter to a receiver. 1: The act or fact of losing something, loss of courage. 2: Harm and Suffering Caused by Losing Something or Someone We've all felt a sense of loss when it's gone. 3: What is Weight Loss? 4: Unwinnable It was his team's first loss.

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Write a nonfiction narrative about the influence someone from a different generation has had on you or someone you know. In your narrative, draw on the texts you have read in this section. Your narrative should answer this question:

What unexpected event shows how a person can influence someone from a different generation?

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A nonfiction narrative about the influence someone from a different generation has had on you or someone you know is given below:

My name is Jayilych and I am what you would consider the "new generation" because I was born during the fast internet age and thus have access to fast communication and did not experience the "analog age".

Thus, I was somewhat disconnected from the older generation, but this all changed with a chance meeting with Mr. Chancel Mbemba who is an 80-year-old man.

We got talking and he gave me some nuggets of advice and wisdom about life and human relationships and this gave me a new insight into how to approach relationships and interactions.

What is a Narration?

This refers to the storytelling that is done with the aid of a narrator in order to advance a plot.

Hence, we can see that A nonfiction narrative about the influence someone from a different generation has had on you or someone you know is given below:

My name is Jayilych and I am what you would consider the "new generation" because I was born during the fast internet age and thus have access to fast communication and did not experience the "analog age".

Thus, I was somewhat disconnected from the older generation, but this all changed with a chance meeting with Mr. Chancel Mbemba who is an 80-year-old man.

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name 10 physical environment of man includes​

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The following are among the 10 physical conditions of man:

Land Degradation

Natural Surveillance of the Landscape

Architecture Night Nature

Pleasant Sound Parks vs. Noise Pollution

Infrastructure for pedestrians Privacy Public Space

What is the human body's physical environment?

The natural resources that supply our essential requirements and chances for social and economic growth are all included in the physical environment, which also includes the land, air, and water as well as the plants, animals, buildings, and other infrastructure.  People's physical and mental wellness depend on living in a clean, healthy environment.

What are some instances of the built environment created by humans?

Four examples of man-made environments include bridges, highways, buildings, and monuments.

How many different kinds of physical environment exist?

Tropical woods, deserts, and man-made landscapes are three different kinds of physical environments.

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Sharon takes the same route to work every day. during her commute, she does not notice the billboards that have been there for more than a week. in this scenario, sharon is experiencing?

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Sharon takes the same route to work every day. During her commute, she does not notice the billboards that have been there for more than a week. in this scenario, Sharon is experiencing habituation.

Habituation is defined as a behavioral reaction decrement that effects by repeated stimulation and that does not contain sensory adaptation/sensory fatigue or motor fatigue.

As an example, a brand new sound in your environment, consisting of a new ringtone, may additionally first of all draw your attention or maybe be distracting. Over time, as you become conversant with this sound, you pay much less attention to it and your response will diminish. This diminished response is habituation.

Habituation occurs when animals are exposed to the same stimuli repeatedly, and in the end, prevent responding to that stimulus.

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in the annual blue versus red football game, chia-hao initially bet against the blue team, who eventually won. after the game, they claimed they knew blue would be the winners. chia-hao's claim illustrates a limitation of common sense known as:

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In the annual blue versus red football game, Chia-hao initially bet against the blue team, who eventually won. after the game, they claimed they knew blue would be the winners. Chia-hao's claim illustrates a limitation of common sense known as: Intuition Bias.

What is Intuition Bias?

People have a propensity to overestimate their intuitions and follow them even when they should not for a variety of well-documented reasons. This "intuition bias" results in a variety of unique intuitive biases in judgements and decision making.

Previous research has found that features of the decision process "leak" into the experience of the chosen outcome.

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Define the following terms and write your outputs in your research log books
1. Basic Research
2. Applied Research
3. Development Research
4. Quantitative Research
5. Qualitative Research
6. Descriptive
research
7. Explanatory
research
8. Correlational research
9. Pilot research

Answers

Answer:

1. Basic Research

Basic research—also known as fundamental or pure research—refers to study and research meant to increase our scientific knowledge base. This type of research is often purely theoretical, with the intent of increasing our understanding of certain phenomena or behaviour.

2. Applied Research

Applied research refers to scientific study and research that seeks to solve practical problems. 1 This type of research plays an important role in solving everyday problems that often have an impact on life, work, health, and overall well-being. This type of research can be used in a variety of ways.

3. Development Research

Developmental research, as opposed to simple instructional development, has been defined as the systematic study of designing, developing, and evaluating instructional programs, processes, and products that must meet criteria of internal consistency and effectiveness.

4. Quantitative Research

Quantitative research deals with numbers, logic, and an objective stance. Quantitative research focuses on numeric and unchanging data and detailed, convergent reasoning rather than divergent reasoning [i.e., the generation of a variety of ideas about a research problem in a spontaneous, free-flowing manner.

5. Qualitative Research

Qualitative research is multimethod in focus, involving an interpretative, naturalistic approach to its subject matter. This means that qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them.

6. Descriptive research

Descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon. It can answer what, where, when and how questions, but not why questions. A descriptive research design can use a wide variety of research methods to investigate one or more variables.

7. Explanatory research

Explanatory research is a research method that explores why something occurs when limited information is available. It can help you increase your understanding of a given topic, ascertain how or why a particular phenomenon is occurring, and predict future occurrences.

8. Correlational research

A correlational research design investigates relationships between variables without the researcher controlling or manipulating any of them. A correlation reflects the strength and/or direction of the relationship between two (or more) variables. The direction of a correlation can be either positive or negative.

9. Pilot research

A pilot study is the first step of the entire research protocol and is often a smaller-sized study assisting in the planning and modification of the main study. More specifically, in large-scale clinical studies, the pilot or small-scale study often precedes the main trial to analyze its validity.

Answer:

quantitaave reaeracj is based on numbers while qualitative is based on quality

A ________ asserts that there are no factual disputes to be decided by the jury and that the judge can apply the proper law to the undisputed facts and decide the case without a jury.

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A motion for summary judgement asserts that there are no factual disputes to be decided by the jury and that the judge can apply the proper law to the undisputed facts and decide the case without a jury.

A motion asking the court to summary judgement decision on a minimum of one claim. If the motion is granted, a choice is formed on the claims involved without holding an attempt.

While a summary judgement in motion isn't a substitute for trial, it's a tool that permits courts to remove cases that don't need an attempt to be resolved.

Motion for summary judgment on the pleadings may be a request made by the defendant in an exceedingly civil case.

A motion for summary judgement on the pleadings may be a request made by a celebration asking the court to determine all or a part of a lawsuit without visiting trial because there’s no dispute about the key facts of the case.

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a media scholar is trying to find out whether internet or television political ads are more persuasive. what kind of effects is this scholar looking for?

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A media scholar is trying to find out whether internet or television political ads are more persuasive. So media Effects is that scholar looking for.

What's media effect?Media goods refers to the numerous ways individualities and society may be told by both news and entertainment mass media, including film, TV, radio, journals, books, magazines, websites, videotape games, and music. Searching for substantiation of the Media's Impact.What are the main goods of media?Two core goods of media are common moment the boomerang effect and the complementary effect. A boomerang effect has a direct boomerang effect grounded on a particular media's communication. A complementary effect refers to the goods of history and anticipated media content on the subject of a news story.

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What role did uprisings and rebellions in poland, czechoslovakia, hungary, and east germany (among others) have on the sudden collapse of the ussr?

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The communist authorities swiftly put an end to the uprisings, but they further polarized the public against Soviet control and the West against communism.

What is the USSR's collapse?

Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev declared the end of the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991. Gorbachev virtually agreed to end the Cold War, a tense 40-year period in which the Soviet Union and the United States held the globe on the verge of nuclear apocalypse, by saying, "We're now living in a new world."

At 7:32 p.m. The Russian Federation flag was raised above the Kremlin that evening in support of its first president, Boris Yeltsin, replacing the Soviet flag that had previously flown there. The largest communist state in the world split into 15 autonomous republics at the same time, leaving America as the sole surviving superpower.

A fast declining post-World War II economy, a depleted military, a series of coerced social and political reforms like perestroika and glasnost, and other circumstances all contributed significantly to the demise of the Soviet Union.

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Identify the group of the following organisms. annelids,jellyfish,salps,small diatoms,marine viruses,squids,crabs,lobsters,scallops,polychaete worms,sponges,corals,water bears,flagellate,bacteria,amoeba.

Answers

Answer:

Annelida

Explanation:

members of congress may experience conflict between their lawmaking responsibility and their responsibility to represent their constituency when multiple choice question.

Answers

Members of congress may experience conflict between their lawmaking responsibility and their responsibility to represent their constituency when,  the following law infringes upon local law of the representing constituencies .

 Inside a federal structure the provinces and states share power in some cases , such as making law , with Federal government.

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What does it mean that hours spent watching tv and total number of discipline problems in school are correlated .45?

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The hours spent watching TV and total number of discipline problems in school are correlated +.45. Which means that the more hours a child spends watching TV, the more trouble he gets into at school.

In general, a study finding says that the television viewing by school going children has a moderately negative effect on the discipline and academic progress of a child.

So this means the more students spent time watching television the less grade they will achieve in their school, and so the more trouble he gets into at school. Thus, these factors are correlated.

Hence, so the number of hours spent watching TV should be reduced.

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An 18-year-old patient is brought to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. which factor is a possible cause of motor vehicle accidents in this age-group?

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If an 18-year-old patient is brought to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident the factor that is possible cause of motor vehicle accidents in this age group is:

B- Dru nken driving

C- Fast driving

D- Carelessness regarding road ha za rds

What are the possible causes of accidents in youths?

Youths are in the period of exuberance and at this stage in life, they are known to engage in practices that could be harmful to their health.

Most of them turn to al co hol for succor and when they drive after al co hol consumption, the risk of an accident is there. Fast driving and carelessness about road ha za rds are also common causes.

Complete Question:

An 18-year-old patient is brought to the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident. Which are possible causes of a motor vehicle accident in this age group? Select all that apply.

A- reduced vision

B- dr un ken driving

C- fast driving

D- carelessness regarding road hazards

E- improper driver's training

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That little davy hutchinson, the small son of the victim, is given a few pebbles to throw at his mother suggests that __________.

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That little davy Hutchinson, the small son of the victim, is given a few pebbles to throw at his mother suggests that Everyone, including the victim's family, participates in the tradition.

Tradition is defined as a custom or belief passed down through generations or practiced over and over again or year after year. An example of a tradition is eating turkey at Thanksgiving or decorating a tree at Christmas. A tradition is a belief that is passed down within a group or society that has a symbolic or special meaning and whose origin is in the past. Or is an action (folk customs).

The main difference between culture and tradition is that tradition describes the beliefs and behaviors of a group that are passed down from one generation to the next. Culture represents the common traits of an entire group accumulated through history.

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The current value of an amount to be received at some time in the future, computed based on a certain interest rate and for a certain time period, is called:_____.

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The current value of an amount to be received at some time in the future computed based on a certain interest rate and for a certain time period, is called the present value.

Present value (PV) is the current value of a future financial asset or stream of cash flows, given a specified rate of return. The present value is calculated by applying a discount rate or the interest rate that could be attained through investing in the future value. The distinction between present value and future value is that the former informs you of the quantity of money you'd need to have now in order to earn a specific sum tomorrow.

A sum of money is worth more now than it will be tomorrow, according to present value.

In other words, present value shows that money acquired today is more valuable than money received in the future.

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Given the security concerns of both the eu and russia, where should eu's eastern border end?

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The eastern border of the EU should stop close to Poland, alleviating security worries for both the EU and Russia. Although it was agreed that it would finish in Germany, NATO continued to grow.

Russia and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization were viewed as being separated by Ukraine and Georgia (NATO). Collective belief is that these buffer states shouldn't join NATO since doing so might have a negative impact on Russian politics at home.

If these states joined NATO, the balance might be pushed into turmoil and ambiguous ties to neighboring countries because these buffer states are essentially beacons of neutrality that prevent the beginning of violence between two larger hostile countries.

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aurel croissant and david kuehn, ‘patterns of civilian control of the military in east asia’s new democracies’, journal of east asian studies 9 (2009), 187–217

Answers

Consolidating democracy requires the effective institutionalization of civilian control over the military. This is especially important for East Asia because there, the military has historically played a significant role in authoritarian regimes. The empirical analysis is based on a paradigm of civilian control that separates three aspects of political decision-making: national defense, internal security, and political recruitment and general public policymaking.

What does "citizen control of the military" mean?

Military and political science has developed a philosophy known as "civilian control of the military" that says civilian political leadership, not career military personnel, should make the final call on a nation's strategic course of action. Civilian oversight is frequently regarded as a necessary component of a robust free democracy.

The word is frequently used in academic assessments of democratic governments run by elected people, even though these societies are not the only ones where the military is under to political influence. Chinese People's Republic is one illustration.

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General mills has a(n) ________ arrangement with french cooperative sodima to produce and sell its yoplait yogurt in the united states

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General Mills has a licensing agreement with the French cooperative Sodima to manufacture and sell Yoplait yogurt in the United States i.e to use it.

A licensing is a formal authorization or permit to do, use, or possess something. A license is issued by one party to another as part of a contract between those parties. In the scenario of a government license, the license is achieved by following it. A licensing agreement is a contract that permits one party (the licensee) to use and/or profit from the owner's property (the licensor). It is critical that licensing is completed correctly in order to protect your business. The importance of licensing is to regulate the conduct of licensable activities.

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The question was incomplete, Check below the full question

Sodima is the french cooperative that owns the name, the trade secrets, the patents on Yoplait Yogurt. Before it purchased a controlling stake in Yoplait Yogurt SAS, in 2011. General mills has a (an)________agreement with the french cooperative Sodima to produce and sell its yoplait yogurt in the United States.

a. licensing

b. global joint venture

c. exporting

d. strategic alliance

e. direct investment

bernice is conducting a study on how homelessness affects mental disorders. her study was conducted with no errors and the research would be clearly helpful to many people. during the study, bernice appeared repulsed by her subjects and wore gloves and a face mask when interacting directly with them.

Answers

During the study, Bernice appeared repulsed by her subjects and wore gloves and a face mask when interacting directly with them. Respect for people's rights and dignity.

Some individuals feel that by understanding the wants, emotions, and behaviors of others, those in authority research can use the knowledge in harmful ways in which they violate human rights or in ways to control, fool or persuade individuals to try and do things they might not otherwise do.

A researcher observes student study habits by sitting in an exceedingly library alone and recording the study habits of scholars during a two hour period. Ethics or philosophy may be a When a psychologist is making a determination regarding whether or not a study is moral, one should first consider - versus the demand or desire for increased knowledge in a very particular field of study.

You can take several concrete steps to attenuate risks and deception in your research. Her study was conducted with no errors and the research would be clearly helpful to many people. During the study, Bernice appeared repulsed by her subjects and wore gloves and a face mask when interacting directly with them.

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______ reasoning logically follows a general principle and applies it to a specific instance, whereas ______ reasoning uses specific observations to create a general rule.

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Deductive reasoning was logically follows the general principle and to applies it to a specific instance, whereas the inductive reasoning uses the specific observations to create the general rule.

The Deductive reasoning is a logical approach to where you progress from the general ideas to specific conclusions. It's often in contrasted with the inductive reasoning, where you start with specific observations and form the general conclusions. the Deductive reasoning is also called as deductive logic or the top-down reasoning. the Deductive reasoning is a type of the deduction used in the science and in life. It is when you have take two true statements, or the premises, to form the conclusion. For example, A is equal to B. B is also equal to C. Given that those two statements, you can be conclude A is equal to C using the deductive reasoning

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when public relations people are called in after a major screw-up to clean up the mess, their role is mostly .

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When public relations people are called in after a major screw-up to clean up the mess, their role is mostly reactive.

Public relations specialists' roles are primarily reactive when they are hired to clear up a significant problem. Public relations (PR) is the activity of controlling and distributing information from an individual or an organization to the public in an effort to influence how they are seen by the general public.

Public relations (PR) and publicity are distinct from one another since PR is internally managed while publicity is externally managed and provided.  An organization or individual may use public relations to reach out to their audiences by exploiting news stories and issues of general interest without asking for cash up front. Most of the publicity comes from the media.

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The Stamp Act was essentially a what?

A. tax

B. gift

C. grant

Answers

Answer: The Stamp Act was essentially a what?

Explanation: A. a tax because it required people to pay every time they sent something.

Example sentence: A stamp act is any legislation that requires a tax to be paid on the transfer of certain documents. Those who pay the tax receive an official stamp on their documents, making them legal documents.

Answer:

the answer is A

Explanation:

The stamp act was essentially a tax put on the American colonies by the British in 1765.

ellen got angry with her sister because she does not call often but instead sends quick text messages. after talking to her sister, ellen discovered that her sister wanted to save the phone for longer more intimate conversations. ellen improved her perception and become a better communicator because she did which of the following?

Answers

Ellen got angry with her sister because she does not call often but instead sends quick text messages. after talking to her sister, ellen discovered that her sister wanted to save the phone for longer more intimate conversations.

Because she sends quick texts rather than frequent phone calls, Ellen felt upset with her sister.

Ellen discovered that her sister preferred to reserve phone calls for longer, more in-depth conversations. Which of the following was done by Ellen, and as a result, she improved her perception and communication skills?

Ellen considered the channels at her disposal. Ellen's sister used text messaging for quick comments and phone calls for longer, more in-depth conversations.

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according to the five factor model (ffm) or ocean model of personality, which of the following dimensions primarily involves behaviors that are highly likely to be exhibited in group settings and are generally concerned with getting ahead in life? group of answer choices neuroticism

Answers

According to the five factor model (ffm) or ocean model of personality, the primarily behaviors that are highly likely to be exhibited in group settings and are generally concerned with getting ahead in life is extraversion.

The correct option is d.

The Five fundamental aspects make up the five-factor model of personality, which may be thought of as a hierarchical structure of personality traits. They are:

Openness to experience (O)Conscientiousness (C)Extraversion (E)Agreeableness (A)Neuroticism (N)

The acronym of these five factors is OCEAN.

Outgoing, socially assured conduct is a hallmark of extraversion. Extraverts are outgoing, conversational, and frequently direct in social settings. They frequently try to get people's attention because they like being the focus of attention.

Extraverts thrive in social situations and are friendly and open to introducing themselves to new people.

The question is incomplete. The complete question is :

According to the Five Factor Model (FFM) or OCEAN model of personality, which of the following dimensions primarily involves behaviors that are highly likely to be exhibited in group settings and are generally concerned with getting ahead in life?

a. conscientiousness  

b. neuroticism

c. agreeableness

d. extraversion

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The primary components of reasoning are claims, subclaims, and ______________.
a. statements
b. counter-claims
c. evidence
d. warrants

Answers

The primary components of reasoning are claims, sub-claims, and Evidence. All reasoning is expressed through, and shaped by, concepts and ideas.

What's substantiation?Substantiation for a proposition is what supports this proposition.It's generally understood as an suggestion that the supported proposition is true. What part substantiation plays and how it's conceived varies from field to field.In epistemology, substantiation is what justifies beliefs or what makes it rational to hold a certain doxastic station. For illustration, a perceptual experience of a tree may act as substantiation that justifies the belief that there's a tree. In this part, substantiation is generally understood as a private internal state.What's the purpose of substantiation?Principally substantiation is used to prove an argument been made by individualities or groups that believe commodity to be true or a fact. Alternately, substantiation can used to falsify or refute a fact or argument people differ with, or hold to be false.

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this cosmos (world-order), the same for all, no one of gods or men has made, but it always was and is and shall be: an ever-living fire, kindling in measures and going out in measures

Answers

"this cosmos (world-order), the same for all, no one of gods or men has made, but it always was and is and shall be: an ever-living fire, kindling in measures and going out in measures" This statement is said by Heraclitus.

Heraclitus had an opinion on the subject. He believed that fire was the first and most basic element. the material out of which everything was made.

Who was Heraclitus?Around 500 BCE, Heraclitus, a Greek philosopher from Ephesus (near modern Kuşadas, Turkey), put forth a unique thesis that he stated in oracular language. He is well known for his beliefs in the global flux, the unity of opposites, and the existence of fire as the fundamental substance of the universe. The precise interpretation of these teachings is debatable, as is the conclusion sometimes taken from this theory that contradictory statements must be true in the universe as Heraclitus sees it.

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