To convert the benzoate salt into benzoic acid. Chemically mixing sodium hydroxide with benzoic acid produces sodium benzoate.
The sodium version of benzoic acid is sodium benzoate, often known as benzoate of soda. It is an aromatic molecule with the molecular weight of 144.11 and the chemical formula C7H5NaO2.
Exactly how is benzoic acid made?
In an industrial setting, toluene can be partially oxidized with oxygen gas to produce benzoic acid. It should be noted that this method typically uses cobalt or manganese naphthenate as a catalyst. Benz amide and benzonitrile can also be hydrolyzed to create this chemical. Baking soda, soda ash, or lye are used to combine benzoic acid with to create sodium benzoate. Because of this reaction, it becomes soluble in water (benzoic acid is not soluble in water on its own). In the United States, the first chemical preservative allowed in foods was benzoic acid or its sodium salt, benzoate. Today, it is still frequently used for a variety of cuisines.
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help asap!!! Compare and contrast synthesis and decomposition reactions.
this will be copied and pasted FYI If answered already comment, please
Answer:
synthesis and decomposition has a high scientific value as synthesis and decomposition are one of the most important types of chemical reactions to occur in the nature. A chemical reaction is defined as the formation or breaking of chemical bonds between atoms to form new combinations of atoms. The atoms or combination of atoms involved in a chemical reaction is referred to as reactants and the newly formed substances are known as products. All the chemical reactions occur in the biological system are categorized into four types; synthesis reactions, decomposition reactions, exchange reactions, and reversible reactions. In this article, the difference between synthesis and decomposition will be discussed broadly.
Explanation:
What are the differences between Synthesis and Decomposition?•
Decomposition is the opposite of synthesis.•
Synthesis is the process of the formation of new bonds between reactants to form new products, whereas decomposition is the breaking of chemical bonds within reactants to form different products.•
Synthesis requires energy, whereas decomposition release energy.•
Decomposition reactions are collectively called catabolism, whereas synthesis reactions are called anabolism.•
Synthesis involved in the growth of body parts and repair body tissues. Decomposition takes place during the digestion of foods.
The chemical potassium bicarbonate is used in club soda for taste. it is made up of potassium, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, this is an example of?
The flavoring agent in club soda is the chemical potassium bicarbonate. This is an illustration of an emergent property because it is composed of potassium, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What is an emergent property?
An entity acquires an emergent attribute as it integrates into a larger system. Living things benefit from emergent qualities that enable them to survive by better adjusting to their surroundings.
By joining together to form the proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids that comprise macromolecules, atoms like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen found in molecules acquire new or emergent capabilities. Lipids are created, for instance, when particular combinations of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen occur. Lipids have the ability to create cell membranes, which keep living cells isolated from their surroundings. Life could not exist without cell membranes, which are an emergent feature not present in the molecules that comprise them.
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A cinder block sits on a platform 20 m high. If it has a mass of 8 kg, find its energy.
Answer:
1568 Joules
Explanation:
MGH
Mass of 8kg time Gravity of 9.8 and Height of 20 meters
20*9.8*8
Answer: potential energy = mgh
8×20×10=1600joules
Explanation:
Why are the Lewis Dot Structures for H and He different?
Answer:
The Lewis dot structure for H is H, while the Lewis dot structure for He is He. The difference is due to the different number of valence electrons in each atom. H has one valence electron, while He has two valence electrons.
Explanation:
The explanation for this is that, according to the octet rule, atoms will tend to form bonds until they have eight valence electrons around them. H only has one valence electron, so it can only form one bond. He, on the other hand, has two valence electrons, so it can form two bonds.
Using standard reduction potentials from the aleks data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy for the following redox reaction. 3fe2 cro42- 4h2o
Using standard reduction potentials from the aleks data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy for the following redox reaction.
The standard Gibbs free energy for the given redox reaction is -106 kJ/mol.
Let's consider the following redox reaction.
10 Cl⁻(aq) + 2 MnO₄⁻(aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) ⇒ 5 Cl₂(g) + 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 8 H₂O(l)
We can identify both half-reactions with their respective standard reduction potentials (E°red).
Cathode: 2 MnO₄⁻ + 16 H⁺ + 10 e⁻ ⇒ 2 Mn²⁺ + 8 H₂O E°red = 1.51 V
Anode: 10 Cl⁻ ⇒ 5 Cl₂ + 10 e⁻ E°red = 1.40 V
With this information, we will calculate the standard cell potential (E°cell).
What is the standard cell potential?
The standard cell potential is the potential difference between the cathode and anode.
E°cell = Ered,cathode - E°red,anode = 1.51 V - 1.40 V = 0.11 V
What is the standard Gibbs free energy?
The standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum reversible work that may be performed by a thermodynamic system under standard conditions.
It can be calculated using the following expression
ΔG° = - n × F × E°cell
ΔG° = - 10 mol × (96,485 J/V.mol) × 0.11 V × (1 kJ/1000 J) = -106 kJ/mol
where,
n are the moles of electrons exchanged.
F is Faraday's constant.
The standard Gibbs free energy for the given redox reaction is -106 kJ/mol.
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Sheets composed of two layers of amphipathic molecules arranged with the hydrophilic groups on the surface and the hydrophobic groups buried in the center that form in water are called?
The hydrophobic groups buried in the center that form in water are called bilayer membranes
What is a bilayer in chemistry?The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) may be a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets that form endless barrier around all cells
What does bilayer membrane do?The purpose of the bilayer membrane is to separate the cell contents from the outside environment. the surface of the cell is mostly water and the inside of the cell is mostly water
Why is cell wall a bilayer?A cell wall is a bilayer because it is made up of 2 layers of lipids. The heads of the lipids are faced towards the opposites sides (the inside and out of doors of a cell) while the tail (the 2 fatty acids) are inside the layer facing each other
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Carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. this atom would have:_____.
Carbon-12: with 6 protons and 6 neutrons and an atomic mass of 12.
What is Carbon-12?The triple-alpha process, which creates carbon-12 in stars, accounts for its abundance, which accounts for 98.93% of the element carbon on Earth. Carbon-12 (12C) is the more abundant of the two stable isotopes of carbon (carbon-13 is the other). Since carbon-12 is used as the reference point to calculate the atomic masses of all other nuclides, its atomic mass is 12 daltons by definition, which makes it particularly significant. Six protons, six neutrons, and six electrons are found in carbon-12.
A resonant, excited, spinless form of carbon-12 is known as the Hoyle state. In 1954, Fred Hoyle predicted that it would exist. It is created using the triple-alpha process.
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The ph of a 0.15 m aqueous solution of nabro (the sodium salt of hbro) is 10.7. what is the k a for hbro?
The Ph of a 0.15 m aqueous solution of Na Br O (the sodium salt of H Br O) is 10.7. what is the k a for H Br O is 6.0[tex]E^{-9}[/tex].
What is an aqueous solution?An aqueous solution is a solution in which solvent is water. It is mostly shown in chemical equations by appending (a q) to relevant chemical formula. For example, solution of table salt, or sodium chloride (NaCl), in water would be represented as Na+(a q) + Cl−(a q). The word aqueous (which comes from aqua) means pertaining to, related to, similar to, or dissolved in, the water. As water is an excellent solvent and is also naturally abundant, it is ubiquitous solvent in chemistry. Since water is frequently used as solvent in experiments, the word solution refers to an aqueous solution, unless the solvent is specified.
A non-aqueous solution is a solution in which solvent is a liquid, but is not water.
Reactions in aqueous solutions are usually the metathesis reactions. Metathesis reactions are another term for the double-displacement; that is, when a cation displaces to form an ionic bond with the other anion. The cation bonded with latter anion will dissociate and bond with the other anion.
A common metathesis reaction in the aqueous solutions is a precipitation reaction. This reaction occurs when two aqueous strong electrolyte solutions mix and produce insoluble solid, also known as a precipitate. The ability of a substance to dissolve in water is determined by whether substance can match or exceed the strong attractive forces that water molecules generate between themselves. If the substance lacks the ability to dissolve in water, molecules form a precipitate.
When writing the equations of precipitation reactions, it is essential to determine precipitate. To determine the precipitate, one must consult chart of solubility. Soluble compounds are aqueous, while the insoluble compounds are the precipitate. There may not always be precipitate. Complete ionic equations and net ionic equations are used to show the dissociated ions in metathesis reactions. When performing the calculations regarding the reacting of one or more aqueous solutions, in general one must know the concentration, or molarity, of the aqueous solutions.
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The ______________________ is used to detect an increase in ph from 4.4 to 6.0 as mixed acids are further catabolized to form the neutral product ________________.
As mixed acids continue to be catabolized to produce the neutral product, the methyl red test is used to gauge the pH shift from 4.4 to 6.0.
The pH scale is used to determine an aqueous solution's acidity or basicity. Historically, pH stood for "potential of hydrogen" (or "power of hydrogen"). In comparison to basic or alkaline solutions (solutions with higher concentrations of H+ ions), acidic solutions have lower pH values measured.
The hydrogen ion concentration in the solution is inversely proportional to the pH scale's logarithmic scale. The origin of the pH scale can be traced to a collection of standard solutions whose pH has been established by consensus on a global scale. Utilizing a concentration cell with transference, the primary pH standard values are computed by measuring the potential difference between a hydrogen electrode and a standard electrode, such as the silver chloride electrode.
Methyl red is a pH indicator with a pKa of 5.1; it is red at pH values below 4.4, yellow at pH values over 6.2, and orange at pH values in the middle. As potential boosters of the sonochemical annihilation of chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants, murexide and methyl red are being studied.
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1. what is the expected empirical formula for the compound that forms between zinc andiodine?2. write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and iodine to formzinc iodide.3. empirical determination formula practice: determine the empirical formula of acompound composed of 1.714 g of hydrogen and 13.72 g of oxygen.
1. The empirical formula is ZnI₂.
2. Balanced chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and iodine to form zinc iodide.
Zn + 2I → ZnI₂
3. To find empirical formula, we have to do following steps.
Step 1: Write given atoms.
Step 2: Write given masses of corresponding atoms.
Step 3: In next step atomic masses are written respectively.
Step 4:Number of moles is calculated using,
Number of Mole= Given mass/Molecular mass
Step 5: Mole ratio is obtained by dividing with smallest mole.
Empirical formula of given problem is H₂O.
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What would be the expected ph if you were to add 150 ml of 0.1 n naoh to 200 ml of 0.1 m formic acid and then bring the solution up to 1 l?
The pH of solution will reach upto 4.22 after bringing the solution to 1L.
The reaction is HCOOH + NaOH ----> HCOONa + H2O
What is pH?
Since the pH of a substance is essentially a measurement of the concentration of hydrogen ions (or protons), the letters pH stand for potential of hydrogen. Biologist Sren Peter Lauritz Srensen created the pH scale in 1923. (1868-1969).
Potential of Hydrogen is what pH is formally known as.The definition of pH as the quantity of hydrogen is given as the negative logarithm of the concentration of H+ ions. The hydrogen ion concentration in a solution is described by the pH scale, which also determines how acidic or basic a solution is.
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How many grams of koh are needed to neutralize 12.6 ml of 0.14 m hcl in stomach acid? type answer:
0.095grams of KOh is needed to neutralize 12.6 ml of 0.14m HCl in stomach.
A mole is defined as a certain chemical unit, such as an atom, a molecule, an ion, or another type. Due to the large number of atoms, molecules, or other components that make up any substance, the mole is a useful measure to utilise.Chemical reaction:
HCl + KOH → KCl + H2O
Moles HCl = molarity x volume
Moles HCl = 0.14 M x .00126 L
Moles HCl = 0.0017 moles
Calculate moles of KOH
For 1 mol of KOH, we need 1 mole of HCl to produce 1 mol of KOH and 1 mole of H2O
For 0.0017moles of HCl, we need 0.0017 moles of KOH.
Calculate the mass of KOH
Mass of KOH = moles x molar mass
Mass of KOH = 0.0017moles x 56.1 g/mol
Mass of KOH = 0.095g
Hence, 0.095 grams of KOH are needed to neutralize 12.6 mL of 0.14 M HCl in stomach acid.
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What is the density of an unknown metal object if its mass is 53.72 g and it displaces 7.9 ml of water?
The density of an unknown metal object if its mass is 53.72 g and it displaces 7.9 ml of water is 6.8 g/mL.
What is Density?Density may be defined as a type of physical property that significantly deals with the description of how much space an object or substance takes up with respect to the amount of matter in that object or substance.
In a more simple sense, it is characterized as the measurement of quantity or mass per unit of volume in a particular substance.
According to the question,
The mass of the metal object = 53.72 g.
The volume of the metal object = 7.9 ml.
The formula for calculating the density is as follows:
Density = Mass/Volume.= 53.72 g / 7.9 ml = 6.8 g/mL.
Therefore, the density of an unknown metal object if its mass is 53.72 g and it displaces 7.9 ml of water is 6.8 g/mL.
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explain the progression of ideas from a variety of scientists that led to the current understanding of atomic theory. (1 point)
The concept that each one matter is made up of tiny units called atoms was first proposed by Leucippus and Democritus, within the fifth century B.C. Dalton , in 1808 postulated that matter is formed of atoms, which are small indivisible particles
Atomic theory :The atomic theory of matter was first proposed by Dalton in 1808. Dalton atomic theory regarded the atom because the ultimate particle of matter.
In 1898, J.J Thomson, proposed that an atom possess a spherical shape during which positive charge is distributed uniformly and the electrons are embedded into it. So his model is named plum pudding model
Rutherford established his model in 1900. He found that, most space of an atom is empty and charged particle concentrated at the center of an atom called nucleus.
In 1913, Neils Bohr improved the model proposed by Rutherford. consistent with his concept electrons orbit the nucleus.
Erwin Schrödinger, in 1926 proposed electron cloud model. He explains the probability of finding electrons.
Hence, we will conclude that the order the sequence of ideas that led to the current model of the atom is,
1. Dalton developed the idea that all matter is made of atoms.
2. Thomson discovered that atoms contain electrons.
3. Rutherford discovered that atoms have a nucleus.
4. Bohr developed the model during which electrons orbit the nucleus.
5. Schrödinger developed the electron cloud model of the atom.
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If you want to produce 6.83 mol of Al;Os, with how many grams of Al must you start
We must start with 368.82 grams of Al to produce 6.83 mol of [tex]Al_{2} O_{3}[/tex] .
The balanced reaction for the equation as follows:
[tex]4Al + 3O_{2}[/tex] ⇒ [tex]2Al_{2} O_{3}[/tex]
As we can see that 4 moles of Al reacts with 3 moles of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] to produce 2 moles of [tex]Al_{2} O_{3}[/tex], which means 108 grams of Al reacts with 96grams of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] to produce 204 grams of [tex]Al_{2} O_{3}[/tex].
Now,
2 mol of [tex]Al_{2} O_{3}[/tex] react with 108 grams of Al
So,
6.83 mol of [tex]Al_{2} O_{3}[/tex] react with = [tex]\frac{108}{2} *6.83[/tex] grams of Al
6.83 mol of [tex]Al_{2} O_{3}[/tex] react with = 368.82 grams of Al
Therefore, we must start with 368.82 grams of Al to produce 6.83 mol of [tex]Al_{2} O_{3}[/tex] .
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what is the mass (in grams) of chlorine required to react with 10.0 g of sodium metal to produce sodium chloride?
The mass of chlorine required to react with 10.0 g of sodium metal to produce sodium chloride is 15.26 g.
The balanced chemical reaction is :
2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl
Given data :
Mass of sodium = 10.0 g
Number of moles of Na -
Number of moles = Given mass
Molar mass
Number of moles = 10.0 g = 0.43 mol
23 g
Comparing moles of Na and Cl₂ from the balanced chemical equation,
Na : Cl₂
2 : 1
0.43 : 1 x 0.43 = 0.215 mol
2
Mass of chlorine gas :
(molar mass of chlorine = 71 g)
Mass of chlorine = number of moles x molar mass
Mass = 0.215 mol x 71 g/mol
= 15.26 g
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Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5730 yrs. what activity (in dps) would be expected for a 25.3 mg sample of carbon-14?
Activity would be expected for a 25.3 mg sample of carbon-14 is 25.296
Here given data is Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5730 yrs and expected for a 25.3 mg sample of carbon-14 =?
So here half life of Carbon-14 is t1/2=5730 yrs
This means that 5730 yrs the initial amount of carbon-14 will be halved
The radioactive constant is λ=ln2/t1/2 = ln2/5730=0.000121
The fundamental decay equation is m=m0e⁻λt
Initial amount of carbon-14 is m0=25.3
Therefore, 25.3×e⁰⁰⁰⁰¹²¹=25.296
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Give the charge of the stable ion formed by each of the following. Include the sign (+ or -) and magnitude (numerical value) of the charge in every case. (Note: Give only the charge, not the formula of the ion.)
1. A group 2A metal
2. A group 3A metal
The charges are;
A group 2A metal - 2+A group 3A metal - 3+ What is a charge?A charge is a specie that has a positive or a negative charge. We know that in chemistry, an atom could acquire a charge by the loss or gain of an electron. We now want to see the kind of charge that is formed from the spices as shown in the question.
Thus, according to the groups that the elements belong;
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how many particles would one formula unit of mgbr2mgbr2 produce when dissolved in solution? view available hint(s)for part a how many particles would one formula unit of produce when dissolved in solution? 1 3 0 2
A total of three ions(particles) would be liberated when one formula unit of magnesium bromide is dissolved in water.
Magnesium bromide is an ionic compound, which when dissolved in water would completely ionize to give the magnesium and bromide ions as per the reaction,
MgBr2(aq) ----------> Mg2+(aq) + 2Br- (aq)
Each unit of magnesium bromide gives one magnesium ion and two bromide ions, So a total of three ions(particles) would be liberated when one formula unit of magnesium bromide is dissolved in water.
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How do the proper and improper rotation elements compare in the staggered forms of ethane and ferrocene?
The S6 (S2n) axis, which coincides with the C3 axis, and staggered ethane both have incorrect rotation axes. Cn stands for the correct rotation's 360/n-degree rotation about the axis. The C5 primary rotation axis of eclipsed ferrocene has five C2 axes that are perpendicular to it. S10 has an incorrect rotating axis.
With the chemical formula C 2H 6, ethane is an organic chemical substance. Ethane is a colourless and odourless gas at ordinary temperature and pressure. Fe(C5H5)2 is the formula for the organometallic compound ferrocene. The molecule is a complex made up of a core iron atom and two cyclopentadienyl rings.
The S6 (S2n) axis, which coincides with the C3 axis, and staggered ethane both have incorrect rotation axes. Ferrocene has an S10 incorrect rotation axis and is staggered. Ethane that is staggered belongs to the D3d point group. Cn stands for the appropriate rotation in staggered ethane, which is rotation about axis by 360/n degrees. The C5 primary rotation axis of eclipsed ferrocene has five C2 axes that are perpendicular to it. It belongs to the D5d point group as a result.
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Write 2 to 3 sentences that describe how a chart differs from a table
Answer:
A table is displaying data or information in rows and columns. A chart, on the other hand, is a graphical display of information wherein the information is illustrated in symbols such as bars, lines, or slices.
Explanation:
If you have 140. ml of a 0.100 m mops buffer at ph 7.20 and you add 4.00 ml of 1.00 m hcl, what will be the new ph? (the pka of mops is 7.20.)
The pH(power of hydrogen) will be 7.18.
What is buffer solution?A buffer solution is an aqueous combination of a weak acid and either its conjugate base or base itself. When a modest amount of a strong acid or base is applied to it, the pH hardly changes at all.
Acidic Buffer: This substance is created when a strong base is combined with a weak acid and its salt.
Basic Buffer: This substance is created when a strong acid and a weak base with its salt are combined.
pH = pKa + log {[salt]- 0.002 moles HCl / [Acid]+ 0.002moles HCl
= 7.2 + log {0.1 -0.002/ 0.1+0.002}
pH = 7.18
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What is the major organic product obtained from the following sequence of reaction? nh h2/ni
The catalyst for catalysing the hydrogenation of an unsaturated hydrocarbon is H2/Pt. A saturated hydrocarbon called an alkane, which is the main result, is produced when hydrogen atoms are added across a double or triple bond in the hydrocarbon.
A significant product is what?
The more stable and so more likely to develop main product of a reaction would be. One example would be the electrophilic addition of propane to HBr.
The catalyst for catalysing the hydrogenation of an unsaturated hydrocarbon is H2/Pt. A saturated hydrocarbon called an alkane, which is the main result, is produced when hydrogen atoms are added across a double or triple bond in the hydrocarbon.
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What type of functional group or atoms would need to be present in the r-groups for hydrophobic interactions to occur between two amino acid?
The functional group or atoms needed to be present in the R-groups for hydrophobic interactions to occur between two amino acids are non-polar R-groups with hydrocarbon chain or rings.
Hydrophobic interaction are explains relation between water and low water soluble molecules. It describes the tendency of the non-polar groups to collect in any water solution.
Hydrophobic interactions happens among the non polar R-groups in the tertiary structure of amino acid.
The R groups are of varying size, shapes and charges. Hydrophobic interactions are important for tertiary structure of an amino acid, in which amino acids with non-polar R-groups join together on the inner side of protein, which leaves hydrophilic part on the outside.
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What is a product that is produced by both fermentation reactions (lactic acid fermentation or ethanol fermentation) and the electron transport chain?
The product that is produced during fermentation reactions (lactic acid fermentation or ethanol fermentation) and the electron transport chain is NAD+.
Throughout the process anaerobic glycolysis the two molecules of NADH that are bring back to their oxidized form NAD+ in the method of the fermentation. So the reclamation of glycolysis-related NADH is filled up. The method of aerobic respiration produces six molecules of NADH that being bring back into NAD+ form throughout the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
Fermentation abide by the glycolysis in the absenteeism of oxygen. Alcoholic fermentation generates ethanol, carbon dioxide, and NAD+. Lactic acid fermentation generates lactic acid (lactate) and NAD+.
Hence, in the conclusion NAD+ will be produced.
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Lialh4 (lah) cannot be used to convert carboxylic acids to the corresponding aldehydes because:______.
LiAlH₄ (LAH) cannot be used to convert carboxylic acids to the corresponding aldehydes because RCOOH is reduced to RCH₂OH.
An organic molecule with the functional group RCH=O is known as an aldehyde. The functional group itself can be categorized as either a formyl group or an aldehyde.
Only when the correct reaction conditions are present in the reaction do specific organic reagents work as intended. For instance, only in the presence of a certain catalyst like Ni or Pt will hydrogen operate as a hydrogenating agent.
Powerful reducing agent LAH (lithium aluminum hydride) is the provided reagent. In the presence of carboxylic acids, it produces equivalent alcohols rather than aldehydes. The conversion of carboxylic acids to their equivalent aldehydes cannot be accomplished using it.
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The complete question is mentioned below:
LiAlH₄ ( LAH ) cannot be used to convert carboxylic acids to the corresponding aldehydes because:
a) LAH is not sufficiently reactive.
b) RCOOH is converted into RCOOLi.
c) RCOOH is reduced to RCH₂OH
d) RCOOH is reduced to RCH₃
e) RCOOH is converted into R₂C = O
How do renewable and nonrenewable resources differ?
Natural resources are those that are accessible without human intervention. Like the sun, the atmosphere, the air, the water, the land, the mines, the vegetation, and animal life.
There are two categories of natural resources: renewable resources and non-renewable resources.Renewable resources :
These are the kind of natural resources that, even after constant use, do not become exhausted or depleted.For example, Wind and SunlightThese have low carbon footprints and low carbon emissions.Infrastructure costs for the production of renewable energy are very costly.Doesn't cause Pollution. Cause Pollution when usedNon Renewable resources :
These are the natural resources that, as a result of ongoing human usage, become exhausted or depleted and are neither renewed nor replaced.For example, groundwater, fossil fuels, and mineral ores etc.These emit more carbon than other, which increases their carbon footprint.Infrastructure costs for the production of energy from these resources are low.Learn more about natural resources here:
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oliver's science project consists of six sealed and labeled containers. he challenges his classmates to identify pure substances versus mixtures. identify each substance as a pure substance or mixture.
Oliver's science project consists of six sealed and labeled containers. he challenges his classmates to identify pure substances versus mixtures and in that sugar is pure substance and air, smog, chocolate milk, coffee this are mixture substance
Here from above given data six sealed containers in that six containers sugar is pure substance because pure substance is a single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kind of matter by any physical means called pure substance and sugar is pure and has a definite and constant composition, where air, smog, chocolate milk, coffee this are mixture substance because a mixture is a physical composition of two or more pure substances in which each substances retain its own chemical identity called mixture.
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how much negative charge is on each oxygen of the carbonate ion? −2.00 −0.33 −0.50 0 −1.00 −1.67 −1.33 −0.67 −1.50
The negative charge on each oxygen of the carbonate ion is -0.67 among the given options.
In this problem, when we look at the carbonate ion, firstly we need to look at how much negative charge is carried on the oxygen. Carbonate ion, (CO₃)²⁻ has two negative charges and there are three oxygen. So, -0.67 is the charge on each oxygen of carbonate ion.
Since, there are three oxygen in a carbonate ion, charge is divided as -
O O⁻ O O⁻
║ | ║ |
C ↔ C ↔ C → C
/ \ / \\ / \ / \
⁻O O⁻ ⁻ O O ⁻O O⁻ ⁻O O⁻
Negative charge for each oxygen will be -
-2/3, because two negative charges are divided by 3 oxygen.
Therefore, negative charge on each oxygen = -2/3 = -0.67
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Critique this: Substances are made of two or more types of elements
Compounds can be created by chemically combining elements, hence a compound is made up of two or more elements combined in specific ratios. Ionic or covalent bonds between the atoms of constituent elements can be used to create compounds.
What are substances, exactly?
A matter with certain qualities and makeup is referred to as a substance. Every pure element and compound counts as a substance. Pure substance made of hydrogen and oxygen is called water, or H2O. Each homogenous pure substance exists.
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