among the elements of the main group, the general trend in the first ionization energy moving across a period is not followed between group 2 and group 13. which best explains these exceptions?

The mass number [tex]_{17} Cl^{35}[/tex]   is  35.

The mass number  [tex]_{17} Cl^{37}[/tex]   is  37.

isotopes of [tex]_{17} Cl^{35}[/tex]   contains. and isotopes   [tex]_{17} Cl^{37}[/tex] contain.

protons=17                                              protons= 17

neutrons=  18                                          neutrons=20

electrons= 17                                           electrons=17

Isotopes are two or more atom types that share the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and, therefore, belong to the same chemical element). However, isotopes have different nucleon numbers (mass numbers) because they have varying numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. All isotopes of a given element have nearly identical chemical properties but differ in terms of atomic mass and physical characteristics.

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Cl and Br have similar properties as they belong to halogen family.

Halogen, any of the six nonmetallic elements that constitute Group 17 (Group VII A) of the periodic table. The halogen elements are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), and (Ts). They were given the name halogen, from the Greek roots Hal- (“salt”) and -gen (“to produce”), because they all produce sodium salts of similar properties, of which sodium chloride—table salt, or halite—is best known.

Because of their great reactivity, the free halogen elements are not found in nature. In combined form, fluorine is the most abundant of the halogens in Earth’s crust. The percentages of the halogens in the igneous rocks of Earth’s crust are 0.06 fluorine, 0.031 chlorine, 0.00016 bromine, and 0.00003 iodine. At and Ts do not occur in nature, because they consist of only short-lived radioactive isotopes.

Chlorine is the best known of the halogen elements. The free element is widely used as a water-purification agent, and it is employed in a number of chemical processes. In the past ethylene dibromide was extensively used as an additive in.

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The rate of effusion and  the square root of molar mass is inversely proportionate .

The lighter a gas is, the quicker it will rave; the heavier a gas is, the quieter it will effuse. Of all the choices, helium (He) has the lowest molecular weight (atomic weight in this case), so it will have the most elevated rate of effusion.

The molar mass of nitrogen is more inferior than the molar mass of oxygen. Hence, the rate of effusion of nitrogen is more elevated than the rate of effusion of oxygen.

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The transformation could take place at the cathode of a voltaic cell is (d) F- to F2.

What is a voltaic cell?

Electrons can move from one reaction to the other thanks to a wire that connects the two processes. We have therefore produced a voltaic/galvanic cell. A voltaic cell, often called a galvanic cell, is an electrochemical device that produces electricity through uninhibited redox processes. It is divided into two distinct half-cells.

A polarised electrical device's cathode is the electrode from which a regular current exits. The abbreviation CCD, which stands for Cathode Current Departs, might be used to remember this definition. Positive charges move in the direction described by a conventional current.

The transformation could take place at the cathode of a voltaic cell is (d) F- to F2.

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Two substances, a and b were heated. Both substances change color. when cooled, both substances return to their original colors.

Changes within the size or form of matter are examples of physical change. Physical changes include transitions from one state to a different , like from solid to liquid or liquid to gas. Cutting, bending, dissolving, freezing, boiling, and melting are a number of the processes that create physical changes.

Physical changes occur when objects or substances undergo a change that doesn't change their chemical composition. This contrasts with the concept of chemical process in which the composition of a substance changes or one or more substances combine or break up to form new substances.

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The Elution sequence of compounds containing certain functional groups from the fastest to the slowest is hydrocarbons, olefins, ethers, halo carbons, aromatics, ketones, aldehydes, esters, alcohols, amines and acids.

Elution:

Elution in organic and analytic chemistry refers to the process in which one material is extracted from another material by washing it with the help of a solvent.

In an elution sequence, regardless of the polarity of the compounds, the solvent which is more polar, its chemicals elutes faster. Therefore, amending the polarity of the solvent will not change the order of elution of compounds. It might seem contradictory as a polar solvent seems to convey polar compounds beyond the non-polar compounds.

Contemplating the solvents and the chemicals will fight for the stationary phase locations conductive to help us visualize the intention. Slow elution would be created by the molecules which were remained to attach to the stationary phase due to poor ability of a less polar solvent to compete. Molecules and a polar solvent successfully asserted for the stationary phase locations.

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The relationships among the variable quantities pressure 'P', volume 'V', number of moles 'n', and absolute temperature 'T' expressed by the ideal gas law equation.

The ideal gas law -

Ideal gas - It is a speculative or hypothetical gas with independent behavior of attractive forces and repulsive forces. It can be described by the ideal gas law completely. This is not possible in real life. But it might be possible under high pressure and high temperature.

The ideal gas law is an equation which expresses the relationship among variable quantities namely pressure, volume, number of moles and absolute temperature. It can also be called a general gas equation.

 The ideal gas equation is :

                 PV = nRT

where,

P = pressure,

V = volume,

n = number of moles / amount of substance

R = Ideal gas constant (It is a constant with definite value and not a      

     variable)

T = absolute temperature

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To destroy the unreacted Bromine :

Bromination of aniline is taken out in by reacting aniline with bromine and acetic acid. This reaction gives us in a tri-substituted product known as 2,4,6 tribromoaniline which is basically a white precipitate.

During Bromination reaction, Sodium Bisulfite may be added if there is any unreacted bromine left in the reaction combination. This is compulsory because lively Bromine can barge into the reaction because of bromine's oxidizing characterstics.

Sodium Bisulfite Solution is a reducing agent and it can change into unreacted bromine and bromate by force it into the bromide.

Moreover, Sodium bisulfite can also help in show the final color of the solution because of the bromine presence.

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Answer:  yes it is right.

Explanation:

Answer:  Correct

Explanation:

The amount of water that must be evaporate from 500 grams of a 10% salt solution to obtain a 15% salt solution is: 166.67 g

To solve this problem, the formula and the procedure that we have to use is:

c1 * m1 = c2 * m2

Where:

Information about the problem:

Applying the dissolution of concentrations formula, we get:

c1 * m1 = c2 * m2

10% * 500g = 15% * (500 g - x)

0.10 * 500g = 0.15*(500g - x)

50 g = 75g - 0.15x

Isolating the (x) variable, we have:

0.15x = 75g - 50 g

0.15x = 25g

x = 25g / 0.15

x = 166.67 g

In chemistry a solution is known as a homogeneous mixture of two or more components called:

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Lauren needs the information like mass of each substance respect to its volume in order to estimate the density of each liquid that creates the layers of colors.

Lauren can calculate density by the formula

Density = Mass/ Volume

According to the densities, the liquid that has a density less than that of water, it will float in water.

Whereas the objects or liquids that have a density more than that of water, it will sink to the very bottom.

A liquid’s density is a gauge of how heavy it is relative to the amount being measured. The liquid that weighs heavier is denser if you weigh two liquids with similar volumes or amounts.

A substance that is less dense than water will float if it is gently introduced to the water’s surface. Like a solid, a liquid’s density is determined by dividing its mass by its volume, or D = m/v. Water has an average density of one gram per cubic centimeter.

Liquids have particles that are closely spaced. Liquids have high densities because, although being randomly arranged, they are tightly packed.

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The probability of getting 2 nickels, 2 dimes, and 1 quarter is; 0.1264

The area of mathematics known as probability deals with numerical descriptions of how likely it is for an event to happen or for a claim to be true. The probability of an occurrence is a number between 0 and 1, with 1 representing certainty and 0 representing impossibility of the event.

 The higher the probability of an event, the more probable it is to occur. Tossing a fair (unbiased) coin is a straightforward illustration. Since there are no other possible outcomes and the coin is fair, the probability of both "heads" and "tails" is half. Since there are no other conceivable outcomes, the probability of either "heads" or "tails" is equal to one.

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Answer:

The three tests to determine whether the solid is ionic or molecular compound are explained below

What is a Compound?

Chemical substances known as compounds are made up of two or more elements that are bonded chemically in a certain order. Chemistry is the study of the chemical, physical, and structural characteristics of material entities. Realizing that not all gases, liquids, and solids are created equal is crucial.

Explanation:

Firstly, the sample of the substance is taken in a test tube and heated over a flame. If the substance melts, then it is a covalent simple molecular compound and if no melting occurs then it may be either ionic or covalent ionic compound.

Secondly, Dissolve the substance in water or any other polar solvent. If it dissolves, then it can be either ionic or covalent simple molecular compound.

Next, electrolysis can be performed with the aqueous solution, if sample remains unmelted, dissolved in water and conducts electric current, then it is an ionic compound.

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Glycine is the only amino acid that is not optically active because it does not have a carbon chiral center.

The simplest amino acid is glycine. Because it is the only amino acid without an asymmetrical carbon atom, it differs from all the other amino acids. Glycine is therefore optically inactive. No stereoisomers exist in it. This amino acid is necessary for the manufacture of bile acids, porphyrins, creatine phosphate, and other amino acids as well as nucleic acids.

When compared to the other amino acids, glycine is integrated into proteins and enzymes at a rate of 7.5%, making it the second most prevalent amino acid on a molar basis. Glycine shares a similar ability to block neurotransmitter impulses in the central nervous system with gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamic acid.

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Majority carrier concentration in a semiconductor is expressed as n0 = (ni)2/M, or Majority Carrier Electron Concentration = (Intrinsic Carrier Concentration)2/Minority Carrier Concentration.

What is equilibrium carrier concentration?

The equilibrium carrier concentration is the total number of carriers in the conduction and valence band. A constant is the result of minority and majority charge carriers. The equilibrium carrier concentration is defined as the total number of carriers in the conduction and valence bands without any external influence.

Majority carrier concentration in a semiconductor is expressed as n0 = (ni)2/M, or Majority Carrier Electron Concentration = (Intrinsic Carrier Concentration)2/Minority Carrier Concentration. It is defined as the equilibrium carrier concentration, which is equal to the intrinsic carrier concentration plus the number of free carriers added by doping the semiconductor.

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Answer: samples of gaseous argon and solid iron in the same container

An individual takes in 2,000 ml of water during the day. Ideally, they should lose 2,000 ml of water during the day.

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Red gold is a gold‑copper alloy used to make jewelry.

Red gold is an alloy created by combining pure gold and copper without any or very little silver.

Here the percentage by mass of gold

= (100/9.47) × 5.71832496

= 60.3835794 %

The percentage by mass of copper

= (100/9.47) × 3.75167504

= 39.6164207 %

The pieces of jewelry ( weight 9.47g) contains 60.3835794 % Gold and 39.6164207 % copper.

What is red gold?

Red gold is an alloy created by combining pure gold and copper without any or very little silver.

Since gold is yellow—at least pure gold is—there is no such thing as red gold, the phrase "red gold" is truly an oxymoron.

A homogenous blend of two or more metallic elements is referred to as an alloy. Alloys are valuable because they can be designed to have unique properties that are impossible to achieve with pure metals. Silver and copper are the two ad metals that are used most frequently in gold alloys. In the past, the majority of gold alloys were composed of copper, silver, and all three metals, along with other trace metals. These mixes typically yield a pleasing yellow hue that resembles pure gold.

Let's assume the pieces of jewelry (weight 9.47g) contains X g gold and  Y g copper.

Now according to the question,

X+Y = 9.47 .......... (1)

Again we know that, density= mass/volume

So,

      X/19.3 + Y/8.96 = 0.715   ............. (2)

Or,  X/19.3 = 0.715 - Y/8.96

Or,  X = 13.7995 - 19.3Y/8.96

If we put the value of X in the equation (1). Then

     13.7995 - 19.3Y/8.96 + Y = 9.47

Or, Y(19.3/8.96 - 1) = 4.3295

Or, Y = 4.3295 /1.15401786

Or, Y = 3.75167504

Now, from equation (1).

     X+ 3.75167504 = 9.47

Or, X = 5.71832496

Here the percentage by mass of gold

= (100/9.47) × 5.71832496

= 60.3835794 %

The percentage by mass of copper

= (100/9.47) × 3.75167504

= 39.6164207 %

The pieces of jewelry ( weight 9.47g) contains 60.3835794 % Gold and 39.6164207 % copper.

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All possible types of intermolecular forces that can form between particles of :

(a) CS2: London dispersion forces

(b) CH2Br2: Dipole-dipole interaction and H-bonding

What are intermolecular forces?

Intermolecular forces, frequently abbreviated to IMF, are the appealing and repulsive forces that stand up among the molecules of a substance. These forces mediate the interactions among man or woman molecules of a substance. Forces additionally exist among the molecules themselves and those are together called intermolecular forces. Intermolecular forces are specifically answerable for the bodily traits of the substance. There are 5 varieties of intermolecular forces. They are as follows-

Thus, al the types of intermolecular forces possible between particles of :

(a) CS2: London dispersion forces

(b) CH2Br2: Dipole-dipole interaction and H-bonding

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You need the Ka value of butanoic to do this (Ka = 1.51 x 10^-5).

5.9/88 = mol butanoic acid = 0.067…mol

so [C4H8O2] = 0.067… mol/L ([ ] conc in mol/L)

Ka = [H+][C4H7O2-] /[[C4H8O2] ] assume

[H+] at eqm = [C4H7O2-] at eqm and [C4H8O2] at eqm is same as acid originally (fair assumption as it hardly dissociates)

then [H+] = sqroot of Ka[C4H8O2] and the pH is the -log of this.

gives an ans of 3.00 to 3sf

What is acid?

Atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID) is an acronym and mnemonic for the four key characteristics that a transaction manager ensures for every transaction (which is also called a transaction monitor). These qualities include atomicity.

Therefore,

You need the Ka value of butanoic to do this (Ka = 1.51 x 10^-5).

5.9/88 = mol butanoic acid = 0.067…mol

so [C4H8O2] = 0.067… mol/L ([ ] conc in mol/L)

Ka = [H+][C4H7O2-] /[[C4H8O2] ] assume

[H+] at eqm = [C4H7O2-] at eqm and [C4H8O2] at eqm is same as acid originally (fair assumption as it hardly dissociates)

then [H+] = sqroot of Ka[C4H8O2] and the pH is the -log of this.

gives an ans of 3.00 to 3sf

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Answer:

You need the Ka value of butanoic to do this (Ka = 1.51 x 10^-5).

5.9/88 = mol butanoic acid = 0.067...mol

so [C4H8O2] = 0.067... mol/L ([] conc in mol/L)

Ka = [H+][C4H702-]/[[C4H8O2]] assume

[H+] at eqm = [C4H702-] at eqm and [C4H8O2] at

eqm is same as acid originally (fair assumption as it hardly dissociates)

then [H+] = sqroot of Ka[C4H8O2] and the pH is the -log of this.

gives an ans of 3.00 to 3sf

What is acid?

Atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID) is an acronym and mnemonic for the four key characteristics that a transaction manager ensures for every transaction (which is also called a transaction monitor). These qualities include atomicity.

Therefore,

You need the Ka value of butanoic to do this (Ka =

1.51 x 10^-5).

5.9/88 = mol butanoic acid = 0.067...mol

so [C4H802]=0.067... mol/L ([] conc in mol/L)

Ka = [H+][C4H702-]/[[C4H8O2]] assume

[H+] at eqm = [C4H702-] at eqm and [C4H8O2] at eqm is same as acid originally (fair assumption as it

hardly dissociates)

then [H+] = sqroot of Ka[C4H8O2] and the pH is the

-log of this.

gives an ans of 3.00 to 3sf

Airat 100ºF and 2 atm is passed through a shallow bed ofnaphthalene spheres ½ in. in diameter at rate of 5 ft/s, based onthe empty cross sectionof the bed.

The simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene is an organic chemical with the formula It is a white crystalline solid with a distinctive odor that may be detected at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. The structure of naphthalene is a fused pair of benzene rings, making it an aromatic hydrocarbon. The primary component of conventional mothballs is what makes it most well-known.

Two distinct accounts from the early 1820s mentioned a white solid produced by the distillation of coal tar that had a strong odor. In 1821, John Kidd cited these two disclosures and went on to discuss many of the qualities and methods of manufacturing of this drug. He suggested calling it naphthaline.

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The final temperature of the water is 29 degrees.

What is heat energy?

The results of the movement of minute particles known as atoms, molecules, or ions in liquids, solids, and gases are nothing but heat.  heat can be transferred from one substance to another and the flow because of the temperature difference between two objects is known as heat.

It is given that,

Mass of sample of water, m = 52 grams

Initial temperature, Ti = 10 degree

Heat absorbed, Q = 4,130 J

The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/(g C)

So,  the ultimate temperature of the water is 28.98-degrees.

The option C is correct.

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Explanation:

Krypton because it's inert gas

Answer:  m = 179.4 g

Explanation:

Answer:

26.5385

Explanation:

15. F

16. E

17. H

18. B

19. G

20. i

21. A

22. C

23. D

You're welcome :)

1. Li2CO3 is dissolved in beaker A

2. CaCl2 is dissolved in beaker B

3. When A and B are mixed is a white colour precipitate is formed of          

   CaCO3.

4.  The sum of the coefficients of the net ionic equation is 0.

What is precipitation reaction?

In a precipitation process, two soluble salts in aqueous solution mix, and one of the byproducts is an insoluble salt known as a precipitate.

The precipitate can be removed from the liquid by centrifugation, decantation, or filtration, or it can remain suspended in the solution and fall out on its own. The term "supernate" refers to the liquid that is left over after a precipitate occurs.

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The ground state is the lowest energy state of the atom.

We know that the electron configuration has to do with the manner in which electrons are arranged in an atom. The ground state is the lowest energy state of the atom. The atom could move to higher energy states by absorbing energy sometimes in the form of heat or light.

The ground state has to do with the lowest energy state of the atom and according to the Bohr theory, the atom could acquire energy and move from this lowest energy state to higher energy states. The higher energy states are short lived and the electron returns to the ground state.

We want to show the ground state of each of the atoms as shown in the question;

N - [tex]1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{3}[/tex]

S - [tex]1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{6} 3s^{2} 3p^{6} 4s^{2} 3d^{10} 4p^{4}[/tex]

Rh - [tex]1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{6}3s^{2} 3p^{6} 4s^{2} 3d^{10} 4p^{6} 5s^{1} 4d^{8}[/tex]

Thus, these are the ground state electron configurations of the nitrogen, sulfur, and rhenium atoms shown above respectively.

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The following as an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture:

(a) a milkshake: heterogeneous mixture

(b) air in a bottle: homogeneous mixture

(c) concrete: heterogeneous mixture

(d) helium gas: element

Whether a mixture is solid, liquid, or gaseous, homogeneous mixtures have the same ratios of their component constituents throughout a particular sample. Its composition stays the same throughout. There is just one observable phase of substance in a homogeneous mixture.

Due to the dispersion of fat particles throughout the milk and the fact that sugars are dissolved in the water portion, milk is used as an example of both a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture.

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The complete question is -

Classify each of the following as an element, a compound, a

homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture:

(a) helium gas:

(b) a milkshake:

(c) air in a bottle:

(d) concrete: