Bacterial species are unculturable because their growth may depend on necessary growth factors provided by other organisms in their natural environment.
Bacterial culture is a method to allow growth or proliferation of bacteria on a culture medium under controlled laboratory conditions. Bacterial species are metabolically diverse but some of the species are highly specialized to reduce competition with other species in the environment. They can be cultured under in-vitro conditions. The two types of culture media include complete media and minimal media. Complete media provides all the nutrients and conditions required for bacterial growth while minimal media provides only the certain conditions.
Bacteria generally grow naturally in favourable conditions provided by the environment. In-vitro culturing of bacteria may not allow it to grow because of unfavourable conditions. Some reasons behind bacteria being unculturable include: the culture medium does not provide the essential nutrients, the culture medium is toxic to the bacterial growth, or some bacteria in the culture produces some substances that inhibits the growth of the target bacteria.
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_____ can be calculated by multiplying the percent grade and the distance the belt travels.
Vertical displacement can be calculated by multiplying the percent grade and the distance the belt travels.
What is the distinction between horizontal and vertical displacement?The horizontal displacement of a shot depends upon the initial horizontal speed and the time of travel. The vertical displacement of a shot depends upon its initial vertical velocity, the time, and the acceleration of gravity.
What is the procedure for vertical displacement?
As can be seen in the diagram overhead, the vertical distance falling from rest during each successive second is increasing (i.e., there is a vertical acceleration). It can also be noticed that the vertical displacement tracks the equation above (y = 0.5 • g • t2).
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The macromolecules that make up the majority of the cell membrane’s structure are.
Lipids and proteins are the macromolecules that make up the majority of the cell membrane’s structure.
The cell membrane can be described as a semi-permeable membrane that allows selective entry of materials into and out of a cell.
The cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer. This phospholipid bilayer is amphipathic in nature i.e having hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads. The heads are pointed outwards, whereas the tails are embedded in between.
Besides phospholipids, cholesterol is also present in the structure of the cell membrane.
The cell membrane also has proteins embedded in it. These proteins act as carrier molecules and facilitate the entry of various hormones, ions, etc inside the cell membrane. The cell membrane consists of intrinsic as well as extrinsic proteins.
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Describe two ways in which a neuromuscular junction is similar to any excitatory cholinergic synapse.
Two ways in which a neuromuscular junction is similar to any excitatory cholinergic synapse are:
Secretion of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter from the axon terminal of the pre-synaptic neuron into the synapse.Binding of acetylcholine to post-synaptic neuron present on the muscle cells that may cause depolarization of the post-synaptic neuron.Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released during the parasympathetic nervous signaling. It regulates functions like motility of muscles, dilation of vessels, smoothen the heart rate, etc.
Depolarization is the phase of membrane potential when the inside of the cell is mess negative than the outside. It is also called hypo-polarization.
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The use of the gram stain in microbiology is important because it differentiates.
According to the statement, bacterial cells have many kinds of cell walls.
What is the cell wall?The cell wall, which is located next to the cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is the outer layer of a cell. As was already established, all plant cells as well as those of fungi, bacteria, algae, and some archaea contain a cell wall.
What function does a plant's cell wall?It serves as the plant's initial line of defense against diseases and offers a structural foundation for plant growth. The cell wall must also maintain some flexibility so that it can quickly remodel in response to developmental, biotic, or abiotic stimuli.
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If you were to insert a microelectrode through the cell membrane of a neuron, you would be able to demonstrate that?
If you were to insert a microelectrode through the cell membrane of a neuron, you would be able to demonstrate that more negative ions are present in one area of the cell membrane than another area.
Explain microelectrode?An electrode used in electrophysiology known as a microelectrode is used to record brain impulses or to electrically stimulate nerve tissue (they were first developed by Ida Hyde in 1921). In order to act as an electrical conductor, 3 molar potassium chloride solutions are typically loaded into pulled glass pipettes with tip sizes of 0.5 m or smaller. The microelectrode turns electrically negative in comparison to the extracellular solution when the tip penetrates a cell membrane because the lipids in the membrane seal onto the glass, creating an excellent electrical connection between the tip and the inside of the cell.
Define cell membrane?All cells' interiors are protected from the outside world by a biological membrane called the cell membrane.
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Are all sources we find on the internet credible sources?
Answer:
No . not all sources are credible on the internet because the internet is not always right and the internet is open for any answer from anybody no matter the source
Answer:
NoNot every source you find on the internet will be credible because it could be plagiarized, outdated, or even contain viruses that will harm your computer. Never trust just any source you find online. Ever.
Hope this helps!
What is the primary function of carbohydrates attached to the exterior of cell membranes?.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP
Which of the following statements describe
situations of passive transport across a cell
membrane?
(Choose all that apply)
Select one or more:
O a. A molecule disperses to create a uniform concentration throughout a solution
O b. A cell removes specific molecules
through a membrane based on size.
O c. A cell uses energy to move
molecules across a membrane from
an area of lower concentration to an
area of higher concentration.
O d. Water is moved across a membrane
to dilute a molecule that is highly
concentrated on the other side.
Answer:
B. A cell removes specific molecules through a membrane based on size.
D. Water is moved across a membrane to dilute a molecule that is highly concentrated on the other side.
Explanation:
Some disease-causing microbes attack the body by turning on or off specific signal transduction pathways. In the disease cholera, the bacterium vibrio cholerae causes massive diarrhea by interfering with such a pathway. A toxin from this bacterium enters intestinal cells and chemically modifies g proteins. Once modified, the g proteins can no longer cleave gtp into gdp. What would you expect to see within the intestinal cells of a person with cholera?.
Answer:
The G proteins remain activated and continually activate adenylyl cyclase.
Explanation:
What is the name of the two lateral processes in the vertebrae and what is their function?
Answer: On each vertebra, there are two transverse processes and one spinous process. The two transverse processes are located on either side of the ring, while the spinous process is located in the middle. These processes provide sites to which back muscles and ligaments attach.
Tapeworms sometimes infect the human alimentary canal, anchoring themselves to the wall of the small intestine. Based on how digestion is compartmentalized along the mammalian alimentary canal, what digestive functions would you expect these parasites to have?
None. Since the small intestine is where digestion is finished, predigested nutrients are simply absorbed by tapeworms through their large surface area.
Contrary to popular belief, tapeworms cannot eat since they lack digestive systems, despite the fact that they can be acquired through food. It takes a lot of effort to digest food, but tapeworms have developed a cunning method to avoid doing it: they let their hosts do it. Tapeworms have a skin-like layer on the outside of their bodies that is both resilient enough to resist being disintegrated by digestive fluids and permeable enough to let small pieces of food pass through. Although tapeworms don't have traditional digestive systems like mouths, stomachs, and intestines, they nevertheless have a primitive gut that runs throughout their entire bodies.Food is drawn into the tapeworm's body when muscles in the top part of the gut contract, where cells lining the gut eat it up like Pac-Man, extract the nutrients, and distribute them throughout the body.Learn more about the Tapeworm with the help of the given link:
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As an ecologist who manages a wildlife preserve, you want to increase the preserve's carrying capacity for a particular endangered species. How might you go about accomplishing this?
There are several things you can do to boost the species' carrying capacity, such as improving its food supply, shielding it from predators, and providing more nesting or reproduction places.
What would increase the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?The quantity of decomposers has an effect on carrying capacity as well. Decomposers are creatures that break down and recycle dead organisms and organic debris. They keep dead stuff from piling up and taking up space in an environment. A species' population will grow in an ecosystem until it reaches carrying capacity.
What controls the carrying capacity for a species in an environment?Carrying capacity is defined as the average population size of a species in a given habitat. Environmental considerations such as appropriate food, shelter, water, and mates limit the species population size. If these requirements are not met, the population will decline until the resources recover.
Why is carrying capacity important to ecologists?Nonetheless, the concept of carrying capacity is especially useful because it highlights the ecological truth that for all species, there are environmental constraints to the amount of populations that can be sustained. The carrying capacity is never constant.
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Which is not a
form of
pollution?
A. Animal pollution
C. Air pollution
B. Water pollution
D. Soil pollution
Answer:
option A
Explanation:
There is nothing called as animal pollution... Types of pollution are air water and land
There is nothing called as animal pollution. Types of pollution are air water and land.
What is Pollution?
The introduction of hazardous elements into the environment is pollution. Pollutants are the name for these dangerous substances. Pollution can spread to remote areas where no one lives, despite the fact that urban areas are typically more polluted than the countryside.
For instance, the Antarctic ice sheet has been shown to contain chemicals and pesticides. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a massive accumulation of tiny plastic debris in the center of the northern Pacific Ocean.
Pollution is carried by air and water currents. Marine contaminants are dispersed widely by ocean currents and migrating fish. Radioactive material that has been unintentionally released from a nuclear reactor can be picked up by winds and dispersed globally.
Therefore, There is nothing called as animal pollution. Types of pollution are air water and land.
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What factors other than temperature might also have varied across these 21 sites? How might this variation have affected the interpretation of the results?
The temperature characteristics of an area are prompted through herbal factors along with variation, elevation, and the presence of ocean currents. The precipitation traits of a region are stimulated by using factors that include proximity to mountain ranges and prevailing winds.
Temperature is an essential component of an environment. Temperature regulates the distribution of residing organisms. premier temperature promotes range. Temperature additionally regulates the physical nation of water.
Rising temperatures within the oceans have an effect on marine organisms. Corals are particularly prone to rise temperatures and ocean acidification can make it tougher for shellfish and corals inside the upper ocean to form shells and tough skeletons. we have also visible adjustments in the prevalence of marine algae blooms.
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What is the biological roles of human?
Answer:
to make more humans, to take nutrients from substance, protection from danger. Basic things, i don't know if this helped at all though
Plants send what into the air?
A. Water vapor
B. Rainfall
C. Clouds
D. Snow
Answer: Water vapour
Explanation:
in humans, the blood types a and b are codominant to each other and both are dominant to blood type 0. mrs. smith and mrs. doe were roommates at wilson hospital and both had daughters at about the same time. after mrs. smith took susie home, she became convinced that the babies had been switched. blood tests were performed with the following results:
Despite the fact that both parents have blood type A, Dad can pass on either his A or O gene variant. As a result, a kid has a one in four (or 25%) chance of having OO, or blood type O.
How heterozygous for blood types A and O are their children's genomes?If the father is homozygous, there is a 50% chance of having a blood type A kid and a 50% chance of having a blood type O child. If the father is homozygous, all of his children will be blood type A. The child's mother is Rh+.
She might be homozygous or heterozygous for one Rh+ allele and one Rh- allele.
Yes, if both fathers have blood groups A and B, a kid can have blood group O. In humans, the gene I regulates ABO blood grouping.
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If a hormone pathway produces a transient response to a stimulus, how would shortening the stimulus duration affect the need for negative feedback?
If a hormone system produces a brief response to a stimulus, shortening the stimulus length will have less of an impact on negative feedback.
Environment changes that can be noticed are known as stimuli. Sensitivity is the capacity of an organism or organ to react to outside stimuli.
When a stimulus is delivered to a sensory receptor via a stimulus transaction, a response is often generated.
A transitory reaction is how a system responds to a brief circumstance. There is a brief emergence of a temporary state. The duration of the inductance and capacitance's charge or discharge is what causes the transient condition.
The output is constant once they are fully configured. The steady-state condition is what we are referring to here.
Feedback is the result of stimulation or activity. Negative feedback is when a piece of a system's output reacts to its input in a way that modifies the outcome. To stabilize or restore internal equilibrium, the approach lowers a system's output.
When the stimulus strength is strong, accuracy and response time are quick; when the stimulus intensity is low, accuracy and response time are slow. The stimulus strength has a substantial impact on efficacy.
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One of the primary benefits of using a numeric model to represent an environmental system is that ______.
One of the primary benefits of using a numeric model to represent an environmental system is that different variables can be modified without actually destroying anything.
What is an environmental model system?An environmental model system is any type of model used to describe the characteristic of the environment and thus predict outcomes without making any type of experiments that might alter the ecosystem.
In conclusion, one of the primary benefits of using a numeric model to represent an environmental system is that different variables can be modified without actually destroying anything.
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Bacteria divide by a type of ______________________ called ____________________.
Bacteria divide by a type of asexual reproduction called binary fission.
In the field of science, asexual reproduction can be described as a reproduction process that involves a single parent. The offspring produced are identical to the parent cell in asexual reproduction because this type of reproduction occurs through the process of mitotic division.
A bacterial cell divides into two by the process of binary fission. Before division, the bacterial cell makes a copy of its genetic material. After a copy of the genetic material is made, the bacteria divide into two equal halves hence resulting in the formation of two daughter cells. As the genetic material is the same, the two daughter cells are identical copies.
Hence, bacteria divide by the asexual process called binary fission.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Bacteria divide by a type of ______________________ called ____________________.
a. sexual reproduction; binary fission
b. asexual reproduction; binary fission
c. asexual reproduction; elongation
d. sexual reproduction; replication
e. asexual reproduction; replication
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It is difficult for molecules to pass through the phospholipid bilayer because.
Because the size and charge of big polar molecules make passage through the nonpolar part of the phospholipid membrane impossible without the assistance of transport proteins. The phospholipid bilayer is made up of two phospholipid layers: one that repels water and one that attracts it.
The hydrophilic (polar) head group and hydrophobic tails of a single phospholipid molecule are visible. Phospholipid bilayers are key components of cell membranes. The lipid bilayer acts as a physical barrier between the cell and chemicals and ions. The cell membrane, on the other hand, plays an important function in facilitating the selective passage of certain molecules into and out of cells.
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Why would runners have a lower production efficiency when running a long-distance race than when they are sedentary?
Runners have a lower production efficiency when running a long-distance race than when they are sedentary because they need energy obtained by acid lactic fermentation.
What is acid lactic fermentation?Acid lactic fermentation is a type of cellular metabolic pathway to obtain energy in the form of ATP that is less efficient than cellular respiration in terms of ATP generation.
In conclusion, runners have a lower production efficiency when running a long-distance race than when they are sedentary because they need energy obtained by acid lactic fermentation.
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A long structure leaving the cell body that action potential travel along is called the?
A long structure leaving the cell body that action potential travel along is called the Axon
The long, thin design in which action potentials are generated; the transmitting part of the neuron. After initiation, action possibilities travel down axons to cause release of neurotransmitter.
What is the extended elongation of a neuron called?
Neurons have a large digit of extensions called dendrites. They often look likes branches or spikes growing out from the cell body. It is primarily the surfaces of the dendrites that receive chemical news from other neurons. One extension is distinct from all the others, and is called the axon.
What are cell body myelin sheath and axon?
Axons range in length from a fraction of an inch to several feet. In some axons, glial cells form a fatty substance understood as the myelin sheath, which covers the axon and acts as an insulator, improving the speed at which the signal crosses.
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Suppose a developer proposes to clear-cut a forest that serves as a corridor between two parks. To compensate, the developer also proposes to add the same area of forest to one of the parks. As a professional ecologist, how might you argue for retaining the corridor?
To compensate, the developer also proposes to add the same area of forest to one of the parks. As a professional ecologist
A habitat connecting wildlife populations in forest that are divided by human activities or constructions is known as a wildlife corridor, habitat corridor, or green corridor (such as roads, development, or logging). As a result, the detrimental effects of inbreeding and decreased genetic diversity (via genetic drift), which frequently occur within isolated populations, may be avoided. Additionally, corridors might make it easier for populations to repopulate after being diminished or exterminated by chance occurrences (such as fires or disease). so its important to save forest
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How have periods of glaciation influenced latitudinal patterns of diversity?
Glaciations have severely reduced diversity in northern temperate, boreal, and Arctic ecosystems, compared to tropical ecosystems.
What is Glaciation?This is defined as the study of ice and its various impacts in the environment such as latitudinal patterns of diversity.
Glaciation has led to less plant and animal life being available in northern temperate, boreal, and Arctic ecosystems due to the harsh conditions which is usually characterized by lack of food and shelter as a result of the extremely cold conditions. However , the tropical systems have has more diversity due to the large number of available resources in the area.
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Assume that on average one out of every 10⁵ athrm B cells in the body is specific for antigen A on day 16 and that the number of B cells producing a specific antibody is proportional to the concentration of that antibody. What would you predict is the frequency of B cells specific for antigen A on day 36?
According to the given graph On day 36, the frequency of B-cells would be approximately 5×10³ cells.
Describe an antigen:A molecule, chemical structure, foreign particle, pollen grain, or any other substance that can attach to a particular antibody or T-cell receptor is called an antigen. An immunological reaction may be brought on by the presence of antigens in the body.
What three types of antigens are there?Exogenous (foreign to the host immune system), endogenous (made by internal bacteria and viruses reproducing inside a host cell), and autoantigens are the three basic methods to describe antigen (produced by the host)
How is antigen produced?The antigen may come from the body itself (self-protein) or from the environment ("non-self"). Due to negative selection of T cells in the thymus and B cells in the bone marrow, the immune system recognizes and kills "non-self" external antigens but typically does not respond to self-protein.
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How does the difference in size and cellular contents between sperm and eggs relate to their specific functions in reproduction?
The difference in size and cellular contents between sperm and eggs are each other's antagonists. Enormous versus little, round versus straight, cytoplasm versus nucleus.
Ovum is the female gamete, where the cells are adjusted circles and non-motile, and they are not separated into various parts.
Sperm is the male gamete which is a long, motile, lashed cell and is separated into head, neck, centerpiece, and tail, however, they are generally more modest in size.
The egg cell (or ovum) is the biggest human cell and, surprisingly, noticeable to the unaided eye. It is completely round and in this manner has the biggest volume according to the surface. The egg cell comprises of a lot of cytoplasms where the core is broken up until origination.
Sperm cells are the littlest human cells and are only core with a modest quantity of cytoplasm, some mitochondria(for the energy supply), and a long tail. They have barely any satisfaction and are the straightest cells.
Therefore, sperms and eggs are each other's antagonists.
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Overall, what is the effect of moss on chemical weathering of rock? Are the results similar or different for granite and andesite?
There is a great effect of moss on chemical weathering of rock because mosses releases acid which can weather rocks.
What is the effect of moss on chemical weathering of rock?Mosses and lichens can dissolve the rock when they grow on the rocks by releasing different acids. This process disintegrate and alter the chemical composition of rocks. This type of weathering is called chemical weathering. Non-vascular plants such as mosses and lichens can greatly increase the weathering of the rock when they grow on it.
So we can conclude that there is a great effect of mosses on chemical weathering of rock because mosses release acid which can weather rocks.
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Give at least three examples of key ecosystem services that nature provides for people.
The three examples of key ecosystem services that nature provides for people plants purify the air and water, microbes break down pollutants, bees pollinate flowers, and tree roots stabilise the soil to stop soil erosion.
Many of the essential services that enable people to live their lives are provided by ecosystems. Plants purify the air and water, microbes break down pollutants, bees pollinate flowers, and tree roots stabilise the soil to stop soil erosion. Together, these processes enable ecosystems to be healthy, sustainable, useful, and adaptable to change.
The advantage offered by ecosystem processes that control natural phenomena is referred to as a regulatory service. Pollination, decay, water filtration, erosion and flood management, carbon sequestration, and climate regulation are all examples of regulating services.
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Which process in the nephron is least selective? a. filtration b. reabsorption c. active transport d. secretion
Filtration process in the nephron is the least selective and hence option (a) is the correct answer.
(i) Filtration- First, body fluid is collected. The initial fluid collection usually involves filtration through selectively permeable membranes consisting of a single layer of transport epithelium. These membranes retain cells as well as proteins and other large molecules in the body fluid; hydrostatic pressure forces water and small solutes, such as salts, sugars, amino acids and nitrogenous wastes, into the excretory system. This fluid is called filtrate. Even when filtration occurs, fluid collection is non-selective and essential molecules are recovered from the filtrate and returned to the body fluids.
(ii) Reabsorption- This step is a selective process and excretory system use active transport to reabsorb valuable solutes such as glucose, certain salts and amino acids from the filtrate.
(iii) Secretion - Non essential solutes, wastes i.e., excess salts, ions, toxins are extracted from the body fluids and are added to the contents of the excretory tubule. This step also uses energy.
(iv) Excretion - The processed filtrate is then excreted from the system and from the body as urine.
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