Answer:
The first hypothesis is that human hunting drove this animals extinct.
Another is that they disappeared due to climate change.
A third hypothesis envisages anthropogenic fire as a cause of extinction of at least some megafauna
Explanation:
envisages means to contemplate or conceive of as a possibility or a desirable future event.
anthropogenic fire is the human use of fire as a tool. In anthropogenic fire, fire is intentionally lit, controlled and used as a tool for gathering, hunting large game, enhancing plant resources, managing the landscape and fighting battles.
just incase you want to ask
Compare and contrast theory and laws
Explanation:
Theory explains why something happens whereas law describes what happens when certain conditions are present. This is the key difference between theory and law.Genuinely they both are principles that can be used to predict the behavior of the natural world.
Correctly identify the following labels on the plant and animal cells
Even when animals and plant cells share many structures, they also have several differences. Chloroplasts, a big vacuole, cell walls (plant cells), centrioles, and several small vacuoles (animal cells).
Note: Since I did not find the complete question, here I provide an explanation of the main differences between plant and animal cells, and I attach an image with different labels for you to know which these structures are.
What are the differences between plant and animal cells?Plant and animal cells share many characteristics but differeciate in some others.
SIMILARITIES:
Both of them,
are Eukaryotic cellshave a cell membrane that provides protection to the cell content and allows the selective transport of substances in and out of the cell. carry their genetic material in the nucleus and mitochondria. have organelles, which accomplish different functions and are located in the cytosol.have microtubules in their cytosol involved in substances transport and cell structure. have pigments that provide color to the tissue and accomplish different functions on the cell.DIFFERENCES
Plant Cells,
Have a cell wall, which is a rigid structure that protects the cell and provides support. Since it is rigid, cells' shape is usually prismatic and regular. Cell walls are composed mainly of cellulose. Have chloroplasts. These organelles accumulate chrorophyll and are in charge of photosynthesis. They use solar energy to produce organic matter and release oxygen. They also carry their genetic material. Have a unique big-sized vacuole that might occupy almost 90% of the cell. Their principal function is to store water and keep the turgidity. When the vacuole gets empty, the plant loses rigidity. Have plasmodium, chromoplasts, and glyoxysomes.Animal Cells,
They have centrioles, which are paired tubular organules composed of microtubules, closely involved in cell division. These are located in the centrosome near the nuclear membrane.
Animal cells have many small vacuoles that store water, ions, and waste substances.
In the attached image you will find all these labeled structures.
You can learn more about plant and animal cells at
https://brainly.com/question/1493437
https://brainly.com/question/560579
https://brainly.com/question/19867698
#SPJ1
A population has the following genotype frequencies: AA = 15%, Aa = 35%, aa = 50%.
What is the frequency of the A allele?
What is the frequency of the a allele?
Remember these two equations,
[tex]p + q = 1[/tex]
[tex]p^{2} +2pq+q^{2} =1\\[/tex]
where,
[tex]p[/tex] = frequency of the population's dominant (A) allele
[tex]q[/tex] = frequency of the population's the recessive (a) allele
[tex]p^{2}[/tex] = percent of homozygous dominant (AA) individuals
[tex]q^{2}[/tex] = percent of homozygous recessive (aa) individuals
[tex]2pq[/tex] = percent of heterozygous (Aa) individuals
As given in the question,
the frequency of the "AA" genotype = 35% the frequency of the "aa" genotype = 50%Therefore, the frequency of "A" allele is,
AA = 35% which means that [tex]p^{2}[/tex] = 0.35, by definition.
If [tex]p^{2} = 0.35[/tex] , then [tex]p =\sqrt{0.35} = 0.59[/tex], again by definition. Since p equals the frequency of the A allele, then the frequency of A allele is 59%.
And, the frequency of the "a" allele is,
Since p = 0.59, and p + q = 1, then q = 0.41;
The frequency of a allele is by definition equal to q.
[tex]q = 1- p\\ q = 0.41[/tex]
So, the frequency of the "a" allele is 41%.
Hence the correct answer is, A = 59% and a = 41%.
Learn more about population genetics here:
brainly.com/question/13049509
#SPJ9
During glycolysis glucose is split into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules this occurs in the cytoplasm this process is
During glycolysis glucose is split into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules this occurs in the cytoplasm this process is called glycolytic pathway
The process of metabolizing glucose is known as glycolysis. You can have glycolysis with or without oxygen. Two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of water are produced during glycolysis. The cytoplasm is the location of glycolysis. The breakdown of sugar involves 10 enzymes Normally, phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvic acid in the final stage of glycolysis. Pyruvate kinase is an enzyme that catalyses the transformation of phosphoenol pyruvate into two molecules of enol pyruvate or pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid, which has three carbons in its structure, is the result of glycolysis
To learn more about glycolysis:
https://brainly.com/question/14076989
#SPJ9
How many orbitals are in the second energy level?
Answer:
2nd level has 4 orbitals. An f sublevel has 7 orbitals.
Answer:
4 orbitals
The second energy level will thus have a total of 4 orbitals. These orbitals will be distributed on two subshells, the s-subshell and the p-subshell. How many electrons can the second energy level hold? 8 electrons There are 2 electrons on the first energy level, 8 electrons on the second level, and 1 electron on the third energy level.
Explanation:
The chemical equation below summarizes cellular respiration.
60₂ CHO 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy
The energy that is released by cellular respiration is in the form of
dark energy
solar energy
nuckar energy
chemical energy
Answer: Chemical energy
A cladogram is a branching diagram that represents suggested evolutionary relationships among organisms based on the presence of unique traits.
A scientist discovers a new organism that has paired legs and mammary glands. The offspring of this organism develop within the uterus of the female and are connected to the uterine wall by a placenta during fetal stages.
On the cladogram below, select the species to which the newly discovered organism is most closely related.
On the cladogram below, the species to lamprey the newly discovered organism.
How do you describe a cladogram?A cladogram is a particular kind of diagram that depicts speculative connections between collections of species. A cladogram looks like a tree with branches growing off of a central trunk. The most significant elements of a cladogram are its root, clades, and nodes. The root is the initial ancestor that all groups that split off from it have in common.
What do the nodes in a cladogram represent?In the cladogram, each node represents a hypothetical or fictitious ancestor that gave rise to two or more daughter taxa. There is a node present at each point where a group of organisms further divides into some distinct groups because the node serves as a marker for the point of divergence.
To know more about Cladogram visit:
https://brainly.com/question/11912782
#SPJ9
The complete question is -
Directions: Select the correct location on the diagram.
A cladogram is a branching diagram that represents suggested evolutionary relationships among organisms based on the presence of unique traits.
A scientist discovers a new organism that lacks limbs and does not have a true backbone. The organism lays eggs to produce offspring and has a cartilage-like rod known as a notochord running along its dorsal surface.
On the cladogram below, select the species to which the newly discovered organism is most closely related.
what's half of the earth
Answer:
hemisphere
Explanation:
Volume entering the small intestine: 9,500 mL Volume entering the large intestine: 580 mL Volume leaving the large intestine: 200 mL What percentage of the water entering the small intestine is absorbed by the small intestine?
the anwer is 28 i had this exact question on my book
Arrange these statements into the most appropriate order, reflecting what happens following initiation of the Valsalva maneuver:
1. Decrease in venous return lowers left ventricular stroke volume and arterial blood pressure.
2. Initial increase in left ventricular stroke volume raises systemic blood pressure.
3. Initial increase in left ventricular volume results in increase in left ventricular stroke volume. 4. Intrathoracic pressure is raised by expiring against a closed glottis.
5. Raised intrathoracic pressure decreases venous return to the right atrium from the systemic circulation.
6. Raised intrathoracic pressure initially increases venous return to the left atrium from the lungs. 7. Raised systemic blood pressure reflexively decreases heart rate.
8. This results in peripheral vasoconstriction and increasing heart rate.
1. When Valsalva maneuvre is done, then intrathoracic pressure is increased as the expiration is done forcibly against the closed glottis.
2. Raised intrathoracic pressure compresses the lungs and blood to left atrium is increased. Left atrium sends this blood to the left ventricle.
3. When blood is increased in left ventricle, it will contract more efficiently causing more stroke volume and cardiac output.
4. More cardiac output increases the systolic blood pressure.
5. Intrathoracic pressure is increased which further compresses the vena cava and venous return to right atrium is decreased.
6. Decrease in venous return means less blood will go to the left ventricle. Left preload causes less contraction and stroke volume is reduced. Cardiac output reduces.
7. To compensate for decreased cardiac output, the vessels undergo vasoconstriction and the heart rate is also increased.
8. The raised systolic blood pressure reflexively decrease the raised heart rate and heart rate becomes Normal.
Intrathoracic pressure influences venous go back and therefore cardiac output and arterial pressure. Inspiration drops intrathoracic stress, dilates the thoracic vena cava, and acutely decreases atrial filling. Cardiac output falls, and therefore arterial stress falls.
High quality-pressure air flow increases intrathoracic stress. when you consider that diaphragmatic descent will increase intra-belly strain, the decrease inside the strain gradient for venous return is much less than would in any other case occur if the only exchange have been an boom in proper atrial stress.
Learn more about intrathoracic pressure here:- https://brainly.com/question/28073786
#SPJ9
7. A friend describes something they picked up from the ground: "It is hard, with pink
rectangle-shaped pieces, black rectangle-shaped pieces, and a gray, shiny background."
Explain to your friend if they picked up a rock or a mineral and how you know.
Based on the given description: "It is hard, with pink rectangle-shaped pieces, black rectangle-shaped pieces, and a gray, shiny background.", it can be inferred that the described material or object is a mineral
This is because a mineral is a naturally occurring substance with distinctive chemical and physical properties, composition, and atomic structure and a rock is a hard object that is made up of two or more minerals that are formed through geological processes.
With this in mind, the mineral has shapes that are arranged based on the atoms that they contain and that's why there are different colors, but the same shape.
What is a Mineral?This refers to the naturally occurring substance with distinctive chemical and physical properties, composition, and atomic structure
Hence, we can see that based on the given description: "It is hard, with pink rectangle-shaped pieces, black rectangle-shaped pieces, and a gray, shiny background.", it can be inferred that the described material or object is a mineral
This is because a mineral is a naturally occurring substance with distinctive chemical and physical properties, composition, and atomic structure and a rock is a hard object that is made up of two or more minerals that are formed through geological processes.
Read more about minerals here:
https://brainly.com/question/15844293
#SPJ1
How many years on earth would pass if you lived on saturn?
A. 10
B. 30
C. 50
D. 100
Answer:
that would be 10 years that you would live
Which states that current cell organelles,like mitochondria and chloroplast were once prokaryotic cells consumed by other prokaryotic cells
Answer: The endosymbiotic theory
Explanation:
Describe how plants leaves are adapted for obtaining carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
For gas exchange and photosynthesis, leaves are suited. Since they have a wide surface area and stomata, which allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf and oxygen to exit, they are well equipped for photosynthesis.
The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide, water, and sunshine into oxygen and sugar-based energy is known as photosynthesis.
The main purpose of photosynthesis is to transform solar energy into chemical energy, which is then stored for later use. This mechanism primarily provides energy to the planet's life systems.
The C3, C4, and CAM pathways are the three basic categories of photosynthetic pathways. They all use the Calvin cycle to convert CO2 into sugars, but each pathway does so in a somewhat different way.
Learn more about photosynthesis here:
https://brainly.com/question/1757345
#SPJ9
Anyone able to help out with this? :)
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Look at the graph at 1000, and then look at it again at 2000, then subtract the amount from year 2000 from 1000, and the answer is 135, and you can see at the graph, it goes up, meaning it would be an increase of 135 ppm
Can I have brainliest? It would help me out, if not thanks anyways! Hope this helped and have a nice day :)
EachlinerepresentsYearisaboutppmandyearisaboutppm.Thisgivesusppm.A=AnIncreasrefertothegraph)ifppm.P.s.Thist
Suppose you were working in a department store. What unit of measurement (meter, centimeter, millimeter) would you use to measure the length and width of shoes and window curtains?
The unit of measurement which would be most likely used to measure the length and width of shoes and window curtains is referred to as centimeter.
What is Measurement?Measurement is commonly used and it is used to determine how big or small an object or body is and can be measured using various units depending on the parameter involved.
Measurement of the length and width of shoes and window curtains involves the use of tape rule which has standard readings for inches and centimeters and the objects involved aren't too small or too big in terms of their various sizes. Centimeter as a unit also is in the medium form which makes an easy match.
This is therefore the reason why centimeter will be most likely used so as to get more accurate readings and results and is therefore the most appropriate choice.
Read more about Measurement here https://brainly.com/question/777464
#SPJ1
6 Answer:
A _____ hazard is generally a microbe such as a bacterium, virus,
or parasite.
a. biological c. deleterious
b. physical d. chemical
7 Answer:
In a food processing plant, _____ are probably the biggest source
of contamination.
a. employees' hands
b. food preparation surfaces
c. tools and equipment used to handle food
d. employees' feet and shoes
8 Answer:
Procedures developed over time to ensure the production of safe and
wholesome food and to provide a safe working environment are called
_____ practices.
a. sanitization c. good manufacturing
b. post-production d. facility management
9 Answer:
A food-preparation surface that will not rust or deteriorate as a
result of continuous applications of water is said to be _____ resistant.
a. aquatically c. continually
b. corrosion d. sanitizer
10 Answer:
The maintenance of overall cleanliness and hygiene in the food
processing environment is known as food _____.
a. safety c. galvanizing
b. sanitation d. HACCP
11 Answer:
_____ gloves, used to protect hands from knife cuts, are made from
very tiny steel links joined together.
12 Answer:
_____ is another name for pests such as insects or rodents.
13 Answer:
Contamination of a finished product through carelessness or
improper storage procedures is called _____ contamination.
Answer:
A physical hazard is generally a microbe such as a bacterium, virus, or parasite. answer is b
Can someone make a paragraph explaining how pollution has affected Mississippi and why so many people live in poverty
Answer: Ill just type the paragraph out instead of putting it here.
Explanation: Pollution and habitat loss make Mississippi River among nation's most endangered. Threatened with pollution from farms and cities, habitat loss and increased flooding due to climate change. Pollution happens almost every day by car exhaust , mills including paper mills , and just by any toxic gas that can either kill or hurt the enviroment . The Agricultural Runoff is one of the leading causes of water pollution in the United States. People live in poverty due to lack of access to basic needs like no food , water , shelter , education , and healthcare because if they get sick they don't have access to that.
Researchers use a computer model to simulate an oil spill in the ocean. The model predicts which areas of the shoreline will be most impacted by an oil spill if it occurs in a certain area. What are two limitiations of this model? A. It does not predict a situation that might cause an oil spill to happen. B. It does not show how an oil spill might spread from one area to another. C. It cannot be used to evaluate how an oil spill might affect multiple areas of shoreline. D. It does not show how each species of wildlife would be affected by the oil spill.
It does not predict a situation that might cause an oil spill to happen.
When oil debris reaches shorelines and shorelines, it interacts with sediments such as beach sand and gravel, rocks and rocks, plants, terrestrial wildlife, and human habitats, causing both erosion and pollution. Waves, currents, and wind bring the oil ashore with waves and tides.
Under certain circumstances, oil spills can be very harmful to seabirds turtles, and mammals, and can also harm fish and crustaceans. Oil destroys the insulating abilities of fur-bearing mammals such as sea otters and the water repellency of bird feathers, exposing them to harsh elements. Coral reefs Corals are also very sensitive to oil contamination. Various studies have shown that damaged coral reefs regenerate very slowly. Oil pollution can also affect entire communities.
Learn more about The model predicts here:-https://brainly.com/question/25955478
#SPJ1
Answer:
A and D
Explanation:
Thanks to vaccines, the ________ virus has been eradicated.
The complete sentence, in this case, is 'thanks to vaccines, the small pox virus has been eradicated' (Option 4 is correct).
What are vaccines?Vaccines are special formulations that may contain antigenic substances in order to trigger immune responses in the individual by activating the production of antibodies that bind these antigens in pathogenic agents.
In conclusion, the complete sentence, in this case, is 'thanks to vaccines, the small pox virus has been eradicated' (Option 4 is correct).
Complete question:
Fill the blank in the sentence. Thanks to vaccines, the _________ virus has been eradicated. Options: common cold (1); flu (2); chicken pox (3); small pox (4).
Learn more about vaccines here:
https://brainly.com/question/625596
#SPJ1
Mini Case
16. Marc, a first-year college student, starts out on a
backpacking trip in southern New Mexico. It is September,
so the daytime temperatures are quite high, and the
desert air is very dry. He has a portable water filter to treat
river and stream water that he finds on his planned route
through the Gila wilderness. On the second day of his
week-long trip, Marc's water filter breaks. He is afraid of
contracting giardiasis (a protozoal disease spread through
water contaminated by animal feces), so he drinks only the
small amount of water that he can boil on his camp stove
at night. By the fifth night, Marc is feeling weak and thirsty,
and starts to hike out. He makes it to a local highway
and collapses. A passing motorist calls 911 for an
ambulance.
Apply Your Knowledge
a. Given that Marc has sweated a lot, and that sweating
causes the loss of more water than solutes, what has
happened to the solute concentration of Marc's blood
as a result of his dehydration?
b. From the solute concentration of Marc's blood, what
is likely to be happening to his body cells that are in
contact with his blood and related fluids (e.g., lymph
and cerebral spinal fluid)?
c. The paramedics have three saline solutions available.
The first is a "normal" isotonic saline solution (0.9%
NaCl), the second is a hypertonic saline solution
(3% NaCl), and the third is a "half normal" saline
solution (0.45% NaCl). Which one would you use to
treat Marc? Why?
a) Marc's blood now has a higher solute concentration than usual since he has lost more water than solutes. b) Marc's blood has a greater than usual solute concentration, which means that any cells in touch with it are probably osmotically losing water and starting to shrink.
c) Marc has to have his blood volume increased and his present solute concentration lowered (back to a normal concentration). Therefore, the "half normal" saline is most likely your best option. It will increase volume, but when mixed with his concentrated blood, its solute concentration will revert to normal because it is less concentrated than usual.
The amount of a solute per unit volume of a solution, or the concentration of a chemical species in a solution, is expressed as a solute's molar concentration. The most common unit used in chemistry to express molarity is the number of moles per liter, represented by the unit sign mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units.
The thing that dissolves in a solution is referred to as a solute. In fluid solutions, the solvent is more prevalent than the solute. A chemical solution's concentration is a measurement of the solute content in relation to the solvent content.
In comparison to the solute concentration inside cells, a hypotonic fluid has a lower solute concentration. A red blood cell will experience a net inflow of free water when it is placed in a hypotonic solution.
To know more about solute refer to: https://brainly.com/question/24316606
#SPJ9
right answers only please its homework of science
1 Answer:
HACCP is a program designed to create awareness of potential points
of contamination in a food-processing facility.
a. true
b. false
2 Answer:
A bacteriostatic agent uses static electricity to remove bacteria
from a surface.
a. true
b. false
3 Answer:
The three major sources of contamination in a food processing plant
are people, processing equipment, and the plant environment.
a. true
b. false
4 Answer:
Water hardness is a measure of the presence of substances in water
that form insoluble precipitates with soap.
a. true
b. false
5 Answer:
The floor of a food processing facility should have an unfinished
concrete surface for easy cleaning.
a. true
b. false
6 Answer:
A _____ hazard is generally a microbe such as a bacterium, virus,
or parasite.
a. biological c. deleterious
b. physical d. chemical
7 Answer:
In a food processing plant, _____ are probably the biggest source
of contamination.
a. employees' hands
b. food preparation surfaces
c. tools and equipment used to handle food
d. employees' feet and shoes
8 Answer:
Procedures developed over time to ensure the production of safe and
wholesome food and to provide a safe working environment are called
_____ practices.
a. sanitization c. good manufacturing
b. post-production d. facility management
9 Answer:
A food-preparation surface that will not rust or deteriorate as a
result of continuous applications of water is said to be _____ resistant.
a. aquatically c. continually
b. corrosion d. sanitizer
10 Answer:
The maintenance of overall cleanliness and hygiene in the food
processing environment is known as food _____.
a. safety c. galvanizing
b. sanitation d. HACCP
The brain stem is part of the:
A. forebrain
B. Midbrain
C. Hindbrain
D. Corpus Callosum
Answer: C hindbrain
Explanation:
The hindbrain (developmentally derived from the rhombencephalon) is one of the three major regions of our brains, located at the lower back part of the brain. It includes most of the brainstem and a dense coral-shaped structure called the cerebellum.
What alternate form of genes do nucleic acids have that allows them to offer variability?
allele
codon
nucleotide
chromosomeFind the correlating coefficient.
Age
Height (in.)
5
36
6
40
7
42
8
47
9
50
Group of answer choices
b= 18.5
= .9879
a= 3.5
r= .9939
A
Explanation:
bnmlkjnhb
Which arrangement of leaves has more than two leaves in a circular pattern around the stem at every node?
A.
whorled
B.
alternate
C.
opposite
Answer:
aaaaaa
Explanation:
whorled :)
Which statement describes carbon's unique bonding ability?
The statement that describes carbon's unique bonding ability is that carbon can easily form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms (option B).
Why is carbon unique?Carbon is an element in group 6 of the periodic table that posseses four valence electrons.
Carbon is said to be unique because of its ability to form four covalent bonds with atoms of other element.
A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where two atoms are connected to each other by the sharing of two or more electrons.
Therefore, it can be said that the statement that describes carbon's unique bonding ability is that carbon can easily form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms.
Learn more about carbon's uniqueness at: https://brainly.com/question/13913295
#SPJ1
Place the following parts of the chemical reactions in the appropriate sequence to show synthesis of a polymer and the breakdown of a polymer. For the first series (steps 1-5), your task is to start with a monomer and end with a larger polymer made of four monomers, demonstrating the process of dehydration reactions. For the second series (steps 6-9), you are to start with a polymer made of four monomers and show how it can be broken down into individual monomers by the process of hydrolysis.
The process by which monomer units are linked together to form polymers is called condensation reactions whereas polymers are broken down into the monomer units by the addition of water by hydrolysis.
What are polymers?Polymers are compound which are composed of smaller unit of similar or different molecules known as monomers which are linked together by bonds.
Polymers which are composed of the same monomer units are known as hom0polymers whereas polymers which are composed of different monomer units are known as heteropolymers.
The process by which monomer units are linked together to form polymers is called condensation reactions and usually involve the removal of a water molecule.
Polymers can be broken down into the monomer units by the addition of water through a process known as hydrolysis.
In conclusion, polymers are large molecules composed of smaller units known as monomers.
Learn more about polymers at: https://brainly.com/question/1602388
#SPJ1
4
9 10
7
13
10
8
12
14
1
6
2
3
What organelle is ?
Answer:
Nucleus; Ribosomes; Endoplasmic reticulum. Smooth ER; Rough ER. Golgi Apparatus; Mitochondria ...
Which of the following is an example of a transgenic organism?
Snake venom is harvested from poisonous snakes and used to create antivenom.
Goats have been genetically modified to produce spider silk in their milk, which is used to create artificial tendons or bulletproof vests.
A farmer breeds a dairy cow that produces large amounts of milk in order to obtain offspring that are more likely to produce high yields.
Scientists remove a defective gene to correct a potential deformity in an embryo
Answer:
a transgenic organism is an organism that is modified by the addition of a foreign gene ,which is the case
with the silk producing goats
How are flagella and cilia similar?
They both are made of motor proteins.
All of these are true.
They both contain axoneme.
They both contain basal bodies.
They both use basal bodies.
All the 3 three statements listed are true to both flagella and cilia
In cellular biology, cilia and flagella are the basic units of motion. These beating, hair-like organelles work in systems ranging from the isolated flagella of swimming algae to the dense ciliary carpets that pump fluid in mammalian brains, yet they all share a similar basic structure. The inner workings of single cilia as complex nonlinear oscillators and the range of hydrodynamical phenomena that occur from beating dynamics are now being better understood through experiments and models. These findings provide insight into both the collective phenomena in microbial suspensions and the intricate locomotion techniques seen in single-celled microorganisms. Active filtration, noise resilience, and metachronal waves are only a few emergent phenomena that are demonstrated by dense ciliary arrays in animal systems.
to learn more about cilia and flagella:
https://brainly.com/question/905839
#SPJ9