According to the Planck's equation which is E= hc/λ the total energy of 9.4×10¹⁶ photons is 43.446×10[tex]^-17[/tex] J.
What is Planck's equation?Max Planck discovered the theory which stated that energy is transferred in the form of discrete packs which are called quanta and thus proposed an equation called the Planck's equation which relates energy and frequency of a photon and is given as, E=hcυ or in terms of wavelength it is ,E=hc/λ.
The equation makes use of a constant which is called the Planck's constant and it's value is 6.626×10[tex]^-34[/tex] Js.
Substituting the given value of wavelength of one photon in the above formula containing wavelength,E=6.626×10[tex]^-34[/tex]×3×10⁸/4.3×10⁷=4.622×10[tex]^-33[/tex] J.
Now, for energy of 9.4×10¹⁶ photons =4.622×10[tex]^-33[/tex]×9.4×10¹⁶=43.446×10[tex]^-17[/tex] J.
Thus, the energy of 9.4×10¹⁶ photons is 43.446×10[tex]-17[/tex] J.
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A 25.0 mL aliquot was taken from a 500.0 mL sample of tonic water containing an unknown amount of quinine and diluted to a volume of 200.0 mL. At 347.5 nm, the fluorescence intensity of the diluted sample was measured as 73.7 on an arbitrary scale. Under similar conditions, a 25.0 ppm standard quinine solution had a fluorescence intensity of 195 . Calculate the mass of quinine in the original tonic water sample.
The mass of quinine in the original tonic water sample is 37.8 mg.
What is the concentration of the diluted sample?The concentration of the diluted sample with a fluorescence intensity of 73.7 is calculated using the formula of Lambert-Beer's law as follows:
C₁/C₂ = A₁/A₂
where:
C₁ = 25 ppm or 25 mg/L
C₂ = ?
A₁ = 195
A₂ = 73.7
C₂ = 73.7 * 25 / 195
C₂ = 9.45 mg/L
To concentration of the original sample will be determined from the dilution formula:
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
where;
C₁ = ?
V₁ = 25. 0 mL
C₂ = 9.45 mg/L
V₂ = 200 mL
C₁ = 9.45 * 200 / 25
C₁ = 75.6 mg/L
The volume of the stock sample was 500 mL or 0.5 L
The mass of quinine = 75.6 mg/L * 0.5 L
mass of quinine = 37.8 mg
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How many kilojoules are required to melt 15g of ice at 0 degrees celsius and raise the temperature of the liquid that forms to 85 degrees celsius.
The amount of heat, in kilojoules, that is required to melt 15 g of ice at 0 degrees Celsius and raise the temperature of the liquid to 85 degrees Celsius is 10.3178 kJ.
Heat changeThe process involves melting of ice at 0 degrees Celsius and then heating the resulting water to a temperature of 85 degrees Celsius.
Solid water is first converted to liquid water without a change in temperature.Liquid water is heated without a change of state to 85 degrees Celsius.Now, let's calculate the heat change of the process:
Heat change (ΔH) = n x heat of fusion) + mcΔt
Where n = number of moles
m = mass = 15 g
c = specific heat capacity of water = 4.81 J/g[tex]^oC[/tex]
heat of fusion = 6010 J/mole
In this case, n = mass/molar mass
= 15/18
= 0.83 moles
ΔH = (0.83 x 6010) + 15 x 4.81 x (85 - 0)
= 10317.8 Joules
But 1000 Joules = 1 kilojoules
Thus, 10317.8 joules = 10.3178 kJ
The kilojoule of heat required to melt the ice and raise the temperature of the resulting water to 85 degrees Celsius is 10.3178 kJ.
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Select the correct answer.
Consider an atom that has an electron in an excited state. The electron falls to a lower energy level. What effect does that have on the electron?
The electron releases energy in the form of light.
Hope this helps!
Why are chemical reactions used in the agricultural industry. Please cite all your sources.
Answer:
The objective of agricultural chemistry is to preserve or improve the fertility of soil, increase the agricultural yield and improve the quality of the crop. To reach those objectives the agricultural industry uses two types of chemicals.
- Fertilizers: increase soil fertility making crops more productive. They usually are compounds that contain three basic elements: P, K and N.
- Pesticides: control weeds (herbicides), insects (insecticides) and diseases from fungus (fungicides).
The______of photosynthesis are the____of cellular respirationmeaning their equation are the ame but_____of each other.
Answer:
reactants /products, products / reactants, opposite / inverse
I can't exactly tell how many underscores there are.
Explanation:
This is biology, but it does contain chemistry.
A 4.50 L sample of neon at 11.08 atm is added to a 12.0 L cylinder that contains argon. If the pressure in the cylinder is 7.15 atm after the neon is added, what was the original pressure (in atm) of argon in the cylinder?
The original pressure of argon in the cylinder is 5.68 atm.
What is the original pressure of the argon?
The original pressure of argon in the cylinder is calculated as follows.
Apply the concept of molar ratio or molar proportion to determine the original pressure of argon in the cylinder.
Pr = [(Pn x Vn) + (Pa x Va) ] / (Vn + Va)
where;
Pr is the resultant pressure of the mixture of gases = 7.15 atmPn is the original pressure of neon = 11.08 atmPa is the original pressure of argonVn is the volume of neon = 4.5 LVa is the volume of argon = 12 L7.15 = [(11.08 x 4.5) + (12 x Pa)] / (4.5 + 12)
7.15(4.5 + 12) = 49.86 + 12Pa
117.98 = 49.86 + 12Pa
68.12 = 12Pa
Pa = 68.12/12
Pa = 5.68 atm
Thus, the original pressure of argon in the cylinder is determined by applying concept of molar ratio.
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How can the bulk properties of a substance (macroscopic) such as electrical conductivity be caused by the microscopic such as electrical forces in the atoms?
The bulk properties of a substance (macroscopic) such as electrical conductivity can be caused by the microscopic such as electrical forces in the atoms through the movement of free electrons.
What is Conductivity?This is referred to as the measure or the degree in which a substance conducts electricity and how the electric current moves within a substance.
The electrical conductivity which is macroscopic can be caused by the microscopic such as electrical forces as a result of the electrons moving in the body. The movement of the electron is usually from the negative to the positive terminal of the body.
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A gas mixture contains 1.26 g N2 and 0.76 g O2 in a 1.51 L container at 11 C. Calculate the partial pressure of N2?
When we have a mixture of gases, the pressure exerted by each depends on the number of moles present in the mixture, this contribution is called partial pressure. The sum of the partial pressures will be equal to the total pressure, this is called Dalton's law.
Partial pressure can be described by the following equation:
[tex]P_i=X_iP_T[/tex]Where,
Pi is the partial pressure
Xi is the molar fraction
Pt is the total pressure
The molar fraction is calculated by the following equation:
[tex]X_i=\frac{n_i}{n_T}[/tex]Where,
ni is the number of moles of the substance
nT is the total number of moles.
So, we have to find first the number of moles of each gas. We are given the grams of gases, to get the equivalent moles we must divide the mass by the molar mass.
Molar Mass N2=28.0134g/mol
Molar Mass O2=31.9988g/mol
[tex]\begin{gathered} molN_2=1.26g\times\frac{1molN_2}{28.0134gN_2}=0.045molN_2 \\ molO_2=0.76gO_2\times\frac{1molO_2}{31.9988gO_2}=0.024molO_2 \end{gathered}[/tex]Now, the partial pressure of N2 will be:
[tex]P_{N2}=\frac{0.045molN_2}{0.045molN_2+0.024molO_2}\times P_T[/tex][tex]P_{N2}=\frac{0.045molN_2}{0.069mol}\times P_T[/tex][tex]P_{N2}=0.652\times P_T[/tex]If we assume that the gas behavior is like an ideal gas, we can find the total pressure with the following equation:
[tex]\begin{gathered} PV=nRT \\ P_T=\frac{nRT}{V_T} \end{gathered}[/tex]Where,
n is the total number of moles, 0.069mol
R is a constant, 0.08206atm.L/mol.K
V is the volume of the gas, 1.51L
T is the temperature of the gas, K.284.15K
We replace the known data:
[tex]P_T=\frac{0.069mol\times0.08206\frac{atm.L}{mol.K}\times284.15K}{1.51L}=1.06atm[/tex]Now, the partial pressure of nitrogen will be:
[tex]P_{N2}=0.652*1.06atm=0.69atm[/tex]Answer: The partial pressure of N2 is 0.69atm
What is Kb for the conjugate base of HF (Ka = 6.8 × 10⁻⁴)?
The Kb for the conjugate base of HF, Fluoride ion is 1.470588 * 10^-11
The conjugate base of HF (hydrofluoric acid) is fluoride ion, F-
Ka of HF or hydrofluoric acid is given as 6.8 × 10⁻⁴
Kw = Ka * Kb
Where,
Kb = Base dissociation constant
Kw = Water dissociation constant or equilibrium constant
Ka = Acid dissociation constant
Kw = [H+] [OH-] = 1.0 X 10-14 at room temperature
The formula can be rewritten as,
Kb = (Kw / Ka)
= (10^-14) / (6.8 * 10^-4)
= 1.470588 * 10^-11
Therefore, the kb for the conjugate base of HF, Fluoride ion is 1.470588 * 10^-11
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A balloon has a volume of 1785 mL at 25°C, if the volume of balloon changes to 1.25 L, what is the new temperature in degree Celcius atconstant pressure and amount?
We work here with Charles' Law. The equation used here is:
V1/T1 = V2/T2 (1)
(pressure and amount constant)
V is for volume and T for temperature
V1 = 1785 mL
1 L = 1000 mL ==> V1 = 1.785 L
T1 = 25 °C = 25 °C + 273 = 298 K
V2 = 1.25 L
T2 = unknown
From (1) we clear T2:
T2 = V2 x T1/V1 = 1.25 L x 298 K/1.785 L = 209 K approx.
T2 = 209 K - 273 = -64 °C
Answer: T2 = -64 °C
Dr. Lamar is performing an autopsy on a murder victim. What is he MOST likely to do during this procedure?
A.
Apply a Hematix strip to the fingertips to collect prints.
B.
Use the Kastle-Meyer test to examine blood samples.
C.
Collect hair samples from multiple places on the body.
D.
Scrape away any dried blood present on the body.
Collecting hair samples from multiple places on the body is most likely to be done during an autopsy.
What is Autopsy?This is referred to as a post-mortem examination which is done on a corpse so as to determine the cause of the sickness and for appropriate actions to be taken.
Hair is easily dispersed as a result of light weight and structure and its ability to easily attach to other substances. The hair will be most likely taken during this procedure, it helps to identify the race and sex of the suspect. It can also be used to identify the suspect through DNA analysis which is therefore the reason why option C was chosen as the correct choice.
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Answer: C
Explanation:
Select all possible problems associated with using nuclear fusion reactions as an energy source. Nuclear fusion occurs at temperatures of millions of degrees Celsius.Research reactors require more energy to maintain these temperatures than the energy the reaction produces.Nuclear fusion occurs at negative degree Celsius temperatures to create unstable reactions to use as an energy sourceIt is difficult to contain the fusion reaction under such extreme conditions.
Answer:
[tex]A,B\text{ and D}[/tex]Explanation:
Here, we want to select the possible problems with nuclear fusion
Nuclear fusion refers to a nuclear reaction wherein two or more daughter nuclei combines to give a larger nucleus
Let us look at the options one after the other to check which of them is correct
a) This is correct
The temperature accompanying nuclear reactions is millions of degrees celsius which are very high
b) This is Correct
This is the major reason why there are currently no nuclear reactors that use fusion to provide energy
c) This is wrong
They occur at very high temperatures. The nuclei need very high energy to send them into kinetic motion
d) This is correct
It is quite difficult to contain a fusion reaction due to the conditions surrounding it and that is one of the reasons why there are no commercial nuclear reactors that use fusion as an energy source
Classify the following compounds as alkane, alkene, alkyne based on the given structure
We have the next compounds
And we must classify them as alkane, alkene, alkyne.
We need to know that
- Alkane: They are the simplest hydrocarbons, containing only carbon and hydrogen held together by single bonds.
- Alkene: Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain a double bond.
- Alkyne: Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain a triple bond.
1. We can see that the structure has a double bond. So, it is an Alkene.
2. We can see that the structure has a triple bond. So, it is an Alkyne.
3. We can see that the structure has a double bond. So, it is an Alkene.
4. We can see that the structure has a triple bond. So, it is an Alkyne.
ANSWER:
1. Alkene
2. Alkyne
3. Alkene
4. Alkyne
A 45 mL sample of calcium chloride stock solution produces a 0.182 M diluted solution by adding 50. mL of water. What is the molarity of the stock solution?
A solution of Calcium Chloride was made, we are asked to find the concentration of the initial solution.
We will apply the following equation to find it:
[tex]C_1V_1=C_2V_2[/tex]Where,
C1 is the initial concentration we have to find
V1 is the initial volume, 45mL
C2 is the final concentration, 0.182M
V2 is the final volume, 50. mL
We clear C1 and replace the known data;
[tex]C_1=\frac{C_2V_2}{V_1}[/tex][tex]\begin{gathered} C_1=\frac{0.182M\times50.mL}{45mL} \\ C_1=0.202M \end{gathered}[/tex]The molarity of the stock solution is 0.202M
Answer: 0.202M
30.Vegetable soup is classified as which of the following?Select one:a. An atom.b. A compound.c. An element.d. A mixture.
A mixture in Chemistry is defined as a material made up of two or more different chemical substances, and it will not present a homogeneous solution, but instead a heterogeneous appearance, just like a vegetable soup, which is a mixture of many substances, answer letter D
In the reaction of 2Mg + O2 →2MgO
How many moles of O2 are required to react with 14 moles of Mg?
Answer:
Explanation:The given reaction is
It is an example of an oxidation reaction because in the above reaction, is getting oxidized to form .
Also, it is a type of combination reaction because magnesium reacts with oxygen to form a single product i.e. Magnesium oxide.
Is NH4OH soluble or insoluble in water
Answer:
Ammonium hydroxide. Ammonium hydroxide is an inorganic herbicide, fungicide and microbiocide.It is non-volatile and highly soluble in water.
Explanation:
According to the concept of solubility, ammonium hydroxide is insoluble in water.
What is solubility?Solubility is defined as the ability of a substance which is basically solute to form a solution with another substance. There is an extent to which a substance is soluble in a particular solvent. This is generally measured as the concentration of a solute present in a saturated solution.
The solubility mainly depends on the composition of solute and solvent ,its pH and presence of other dissolved substance. It is also dependent on temperature and pressure which is maintained.Concept of solubility is not valid for chemical reactions which are irreversible. The dependency of solubility on various factors is due to interactions between the particles, molecule or ions.
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In paragraph format explain how the energy from Sun gets heats the water in tank. The explanation is based on the concept of atoms (or particles) of matter and the heat transfer (conduction, convection and radiation)
The energy from the sun heats up the water in the tank by convection and radiation.
What is heat transfer?We know that heat is that which is able to effect a temperature change in an object. Now, we know that there are three forms of heat transfer and these are;
1) Conduction
2) Convection
3) Radiation
Now, we know that radiation is the movement of heat without a medium of propagation. Heat from the sun reaches the tank by radiation. The molecules that are at the surface are first heated up and sink down while the heavier particles below move up. This is called convection.
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What is the relationship between n, ℓ, and the total number of nodes?
The number of planar nodes = ℓ.
The number of spherical nodes = n - ℓ - 1.
The relationship between n, ℓ, and the total number of nodes is given by the expression; Number of spherical nodes = n - ℓ - 1.
What is the number of nodes?The number of nodes has to do with the points on the orbital where there is a zero electron density. It is the points along the orbital where there re no electrons. Recall that the orbitals are the regions in space where there is a high probability of finding an electron.
There are various orbitals and the number of nodes of each of the orbitals does vary. The s orbital has no nodes while the p orbital is known to have one node.
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A 500 g sample of Al2(SO4)3 is reacted with 450 g of Ca(OH)2. A total of 596 g of CasO4 isproduced. What is the limiting reactant in this reaction, and how many moles of excess reactantare unreacted? Al2(SO4)3 (ag) + 3Ca(OH)2 (ag) -> 2Al(OH)3 (s) + 3CaSO4 (s)
ANSWER
[tex]undefined[/tex]EXPLANATION
Given that;
The mass of Al2(SO4)3 is 500 grams
The mass of Ca(OH)2 is 450 grams
The mass of CaSO4 is 596 grams
Follow the steps below to find the limiting reactant of the reaction
Step 1; Write the balanced equation of the reaction
[tex]\text{ Al}_2(SO_4)_{3(aq)}+\text{ 3Ca\lparen OH\rparen}_{2(aq)}\text{ }\rightarrow\text{ 2Al\lparen OH\rparen}_{3(s)}\text{ + 3CaSO}_{4(s)}[/tex]In the reaction above, 1 mole Al2(SO4)3 reacts with 3 moles Ca(OH)2 to give 2 moles Al(OH)3 and 3 moles CaSO4
Step 2; Determine the number of moles using the below formula
[tex]\text{ mole = }\frac{\text{ mass}}{\text{ molar mass}}[/tex]Recall, that the molar mass of Al2(SO4)3 is 342.15 g/mol and the molar mass of Ca(OH)2 is 74.093 g/mol
For Al2(SO4)3
[tex]\begin{gathered} \text{ Mole = }\frac{500}{\text{ 342.15}} \\ \text{ Mole = 1.461 moles} \end{gathered}[/tex]For Ca(OH)2
[tex]\begin{gathered} \text{ Mole = }\frac{\text{ 450}}{\text{ 74.093}} \\ \text{ Mole = 6.073 moles} \end{gathered}[/tex]Step 3; Find the limiting reactant of the reaction
To find the limiting reactant of the reaction, divide the moles of the reactant by the co-efficient of the compound
[tex]\begin{gathered} \text{ For Al}_2(SO_4)_3 \\ \text{ The mole ratio = }\frac{1.461}{1} \\ \text{ The mole ratio = 1.461 mol/wt} \\ \\ \text{ For Ca\lparen OH\rparen}_2 \\ \text{ The mole ratio = }\frac{\text{ 6.073}}{3} \\ \text{ The mole ratio = 2.024 mol/wt} \end{gathered}[/tex]Since the limiting reactant of the reaction is the reactant with the lowest number of mol/wt, then Al2(SO4)3 is the limiting reactant
[tex]\text{ The limiting reactant of the reaction is Al}_2(SO_4)_3[/tex]The excess reactant of the reaction is Ca(OH)2
Therefore, the no of moles of the excess reactant that is unreacted is
6.073 - 1.461 = 4.612 moles
Hence, the number of moles of the excess reactant that is unreacted is 4.621 moles
What is the electronic configuration of argon
Electronic configuration: this shows us the distribution of electrons in an atom. The chart below helps us find the electron configuration.
How many protons does argon have?
Argon has 18 protons.
The electronc configuration of argon is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
What is the final concentration when 288mL of water is added to 239mL of a 0.274M solution?
Answer:
0.124 M.
Explanation:
What is given?
Volume 1 (V1) = 239 mL,
Concentration 1 (C1) = 0.274 M,
Volume 2 (V2) = 239 mL + 288 mL = 527 mL.
What do we need? Concentration 2 (C2).
Step-by-step solution:
To solve this problem, we have to use the following formula:
[tex]C_1V_1=C_2V_2.[/tex]Where the initial concentration (C) and volume (V) are represented with subindex 1, and the final concentration and volume are represented with subindex 2.
The problem is telling us that we are adding 288 mL of water to 239 mL, so the final volume is the sum of these two volumes, i.e., 527 mL.
As we want to find the final concentration, C2, we just have to solve for this unknown value and replace the values that we have, like this:
[tex]\begin{gathered} C_2=\frac{C_1V_1}{V_2}, \\ \\ C_2=\frac{0.274\text{ M}\cdot239\text{ mL}}{527\text{ mL}}, \\ \\ C_2=0.124\text{ M.} \end{gathered}[/tex]The answer would be that the final concentration of the solution is 0.124 M.
How many grams of carbon monoxide gas would be contained in 710 mL at 119 kPa and 37 C
Answer
0.9166 g CO
Procedure
Considering the conditions and parameters given ideal gas law will be assumed.
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]The gas constant is 8.3144 L⋅kPa⋅ K⁻¹⋅mol⁻¹
Converting the current data to the required units
710 mL = 0.710 L
37 °C = 310.15 °K
Solving for moles and substituting the variables with the available data
[tex]n=\frac{PV}{RT}=\frac{119\text{ }kPa(0.710)L}{8.3144\text{ L. kPa\cdot}\degree\text{K^^^^207b^^b9\cdot mol^^^^207b^^b9 \lparen310.15\rparen }\degree K}=0.0327\text{ }moles\text{ CO}[/tex]Transforming from moles to grams using the molecular weight
[tex]0.0327\text{ }moles\text{ }CO\frac{28.01\text{ }g}{1\text{ }mole}=0.9166\text{ }g\text{ }CO[/tex]Consider the following reaction in the forward direction. Identify the base:
CH₃O⁻ + H₂O ⇌ CH₃OH + OH⁻
If we consider the reaction CH₃O⁻ + H₂O ⇌ CH₃OH + OH⁻ in the forward direction, the base in the reaction is CH₃O⁻
A compound can be acidic, basic or neutral in nature. Basicity of the compound is determined when it either releases hydroxide ions, donates electrons or else accepts the protons from a compound.
In the reaction CH₃O⁻ + H₂O ⇌ CH₃OH + OH⁻:
CH₃O⁻ accepts proton or [H+] ion to become CH₃OH. Thus, CH₃O⁻ is the base in the reaction
H₂O donate [H+] ion or proton, therefore H2O change into OH-. Thus, H₂O is an acid in the reaction.
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A cheeseburger from a fast food restaurant contains 19 g of fat, 20 g of carbohydrates and 28 g of protein. How many kcal of energy does the cheeseburger contain? (Food caloric values are 9.0 kcal/g for fats, 4.0 kcal/g for carbohydrates and 4.0kcal/g for protein). Round the answer for each type of food to the nearest tens place. A. 70. kcal B. 360 calories C. 17 calories D. 630 calories
Answer:
Example:
Here, we want to get the kcal of energy contained in the cheeseburger
To do this, we multiply the caloric values of each food type by their masses and then sum
Mathematically, we have that as:
[tex]19(9)\text{ + 20\lparen4\rparen + 28\lparen4\rparen = 363 kcal}[/tex]To the nearest tens, we have that as 360 kcal
Assuming that each double-displacement reaction occurs, predict the products and write each balanced chemical equation.
a.
Sn(OH)2 + FeBry -*?
b. CsNO3 + KCI -* ?
The products of the double displacement reactions are given in the equations of the reaction below:
a. 3 Sn(OH)₂ (aq) + 2 FeBr₃ (aq) ---> 3 SnBr₂ (aq) + 2 Fe(OH)₃ (s)
Iron (iii) hydroxide is obtained as a precipitate
b. CsNO₃ (aq) + KCI (aq) ---> CsCl (aq) + KNO₃ (aq)
No double displacement reaction occurs as both products are soluble.
What are double displacement reactions?Double displacement reactions are reactions in which there is an exchange of radicals by two compounds when solutions of the compounds are added together.
In a double displacement reaction, an insoluble precipitate is obtained since one of the products of the double displacement reaction is insoluble in aqueous solutions.
The products of the double displacement reactions are given in the equations of the reaction below:
a. Reaction between Sn(OH)₂ and FeBr₃
3 Sn(OH)₂ (aq) + 2 FeBr₃ (aq) ---> 3 SnBr₂ (aq) + 2 Fe(OH)₃ (s)
Iron (iii) hydroxide is obtained as a precipitate
b. Reaction between CsNO₃ and KCI
CsNO₃ (aq) + KCI (aq) ---> CsCl (aq) + KNO₃ (aq)
No double displacement reaction occurs as both products are soluble.
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Which statement describes the hydrogen bonds in an ethanol molecule? (image attached)thank you :)
Answer
Only the hydrogen atom attached to the oxygen atom is capable of forming hydrogen bonds. A dipole does not form between the hydrogen and the carbon atoms.
Explanation
The description of the hydrogen bonds in an ethanol molecule is that hydrogen bonding can occur between ethanol molecules, although not as effectively as in water. The hydrogen bonding is limited by the fact that there is only one hydrogen in each ethanol molecule with a sufficient δ+ charge.
Therefore only the hydrogen atom attached to the oxygen atom is capable of forming hydrogen bonds. A dipole does not form between the hydrogen and the carbon atoms.
The second option is the correct answer.
stomach acid has a pH of 1 and tomatoes have a pH of 4. How many times stronger than tomatoes is stomach acid?
We must take into account the definition of pH, and this represents the concentration of H+ ions([H+]). It can be defined with the following equation:
[tex]pH=-\log \lbrack H^+\rbrack[/tex]To determine how many times the acid is stronger than the tomato, we must calculate the concentration of H+ ions for each pH value, to do so we clear [H+] from the previous equation:
[tex]\lbrack H^+\rbrack=10^{-pH}[/tex]Now we substitute each pH value into the equation:
[tex]\begin{gathered} \lbrack H^+\rbrack_{StomachAcid}=10^{-1} \\ \lbrack H^+\rbrack_{\text{Tomatoes}}=10^{-4} \end{gathered}[/tex]Therefore we will have to:
[tex]\frac{\lbrack H^+\rbrack_{StomachAcid}}{\lbrack H^+\rbrack_{\text{Tomatoes}}}=\frac{10^{-1}}{10^{-4}}=\frac{1}{10^{-3}}=10^3=1000[/tex]Therefore, stomach acid will be 1000 times stronger than the tomatoes.
In one demonstration of this reaction, 39.00 mL of H2 are collected over water at 25°C. Atmospheric pressure is 749.0 mmHg. How many grams of H2 are collected?
Taking into account the ideal gas law, a mass of 0.00314 grams of H₂ is collected.
Definition of ideal gas lawAn ideal gas is a theoretical gas that is considered to be composed of randomly moving point particles that do not interact with each other. Gases in general are ideal when they are at high temperatures and low pressures.
The pressure, P, the temperature, T, and the volume, V, of an ideal gas, are related by a simple formula called the ideal gas law:
P×V = n×R×T
where:
P is the gas pressure.V is the volume that the gas occupies.T is its temperature.R is the ideal gas constant. The universal constant of ideal gases R has the same value for all gaseous substances. The numerical value of R will depend on the units in which the other properties are worked.n is the number of moles of the gas. Mass of H₂In this case, you know:
P= 749 mmHg= 0.985526 atm (being 760 mmHg= 1 atm)V= 39 mL= 0.039 L (being 1000 mL= 1 L)n= ?R= 0.082 (atm×L)÷(mol×K)T= 25 C= 298 K (being 0 C= 273 K)Replacing in the ideal gas law:
0.985526 atm× 0.039 L = n× 0.082 (atm×L)÷(mol×K)× 298 K
Solving:
[0.985526 atm× 0.039 L]÷ [0.082 (atm×L)÷(mol×K)× 298 K]= n
0.00157 moles= n
Considering that the molar mass of H₂ is 2 g/mole, the mass can be calculated as:
mass= number of moles× molar mass
mass= 0.00157 moles× 2 g/mole
mass= 0.00314 grams
Finally, you collected a mass of 0.00314 grams.
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Predict the shape and bond angles of the following molecules:
H2S
CF4
HCN
NF3
BCl3
NH2Cl
OF2
The shape and bond angle of the molecule will be, H2S =shape= bent, Bond angle =less than 109 degrees
2) CH4 = shape = tetrahedral
bond angle-=109 degrees
1)H2S =shape= bent
Bond angle =less than 109 degrees
2) CH4 = shape = tetrahedral
bond angle-=109 degrees
3) HCN = shape = Linear
Bond angle = 180 degrees
4) NF3 = shape = trigonal planar
Bond angle = less than 109 degrees
5) BCl3 = shape = trigonal planar
Bond angle = 120 degrees
6) NH2Cl = shape = trigonal pyramidal
Bond angle = 107 degrees
7) OF2 = shape = linear
Bond angle = 109 degrees
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