The coefficient of a¹⁰ b² in the given binomial expression is 264
and number of functions from A to B will be 64.
What is binomial expansion?
A binomial is nothing but an algebraic expression with two terms. For example, c + g, u - v, etc. are binomials. We have a set of algebraic identities to find the expansion when the indices is 2 and 3. For example, (a - b)² = a² + 2ab + b². But if the exponents are bigger numbers then It is hard to find the expansion manually. Then here the binomial expansion formula eases this process.
1st part:
By binomial theorem, the (r+1 )th term [tex]T_{r+1}[/tex] in an binomial expression
(a+ b)ⁿ can be expressed as,
[tex]T_{r+1}[/tex] = [tex]nC_{r} a^{n-r} b^{r}[/tex]
Let us assume that a¹⁰ b² occurs in the (r+1 )th term of the expression
(a-2b)¹²
Then we have,
[tex]T_{r+1}[/tex] = [tex]12C_{r} a^{12-r} (-2b)^{r}[/tex]
Now comparing the indices of a¹⁰ b² we get, r= 2
Thus the coefficient of a¹⁰ b² is
[tex]12C_{2} (-2)^{2} a^{10} b^{2}[/tex]
The value of [tex]12C_{2}[/tex] = (12!)/(10!×2!)
= 66
Now 66×4= 264
The coefficient of a¹⁰ b² is 264
2nd part:
A = {1, 2, 3} to B = {a, b, c, d}
n(A)= 3 and n(B)= 4
So number of functions from A to B will be 4³= 64.
Hence, the coefficient of a¹⁰ b² is 264
and number of functions from A to B will be 4³= 64.
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An amount was invested at 5 ¾ % and grew to P250,500 on March
11, 2021. If it was invested on July 12, 2020, what was the amount
invested?
The amount invested was approximately P239,534.52.
To solve this problem, we can use the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
where A is the amount after t years, P is the principal amount, r is the annual interest rate (as a decimal), n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and t is the time in years.
In this problem, we know that the amount grew to P250,500 after some time. We also know that the interest rate is 5 3/4%, or 0.0575, and that the investment was made on July 12, 2020, which is about 8 months before March 11, 2021.
Let's first convert the interest rate to a monthly rate, since we need to compound the interest monthly:
r = 0.0575/12 = 0.004792
Next, let's calculate the number of months between July 12, 2020 and March 11, 2021:
8 months + 31 days/365 days = 8.0849 months
Now we can use the formula to solve for P:
250500 = P(1 + 0.004792/12)^(12*8.0849)
250500/P = 1.045305
P = 250500/1.045305
P = 239534.52
Therefore, the amount invested was approximately P239,534.52.
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Which function is modeled in this table
Answer:
[tex]f(x) = 1000 {(0.80)}^{x - 1} [/tex]
B is the correct function.
suppose that foreign citizens decide to purchase more u.s. pharmaceuticals and u.s. citizens decide to buy stock in foreign corporations. other things the same, these actions
Suppose that foreign citizens decide to purchase more U.S. pharmaceuticals and U.S. citizens decide to buy stock in foreign corporations. Other things being the same, these actions would lead to an increase in demand for U.S. pharmaceuticals and a decrease in demand for U.S. stocks, leading to changes in the relative prices of these assets.
An increase in demand for U.S. pharmaceuticals would lead to higher prices for these products, assuming that the supply of pharmaceuticals remains constant. This increase in demand could benefit U.S. pharmaceutical companies, as they would be able to charge higher prices for their products, resulting in increased revenues and profits. However, higher prices could also result in reduced affordability and access to these products for U.S. consumers.
On the other hand, a decrease in demand for U.S. stocks could lead to lower prices for these securities, assuming that the supply of foreign stocks remains constant. This decrease in demand could negatively impact U.S. investors who hold these stocks, as the value of their holdings would decline. However, it could also lead to increased investment in foreign corporations, potentially benefiting these companies and the economies in which they operate.
Overall, the actions of foreign and U.S. citizens can significantly affect the prices of different assets and the performance of various industries and economies. Understanding these relationships and dynamics is important for investors and policymakers in making informed decisions about investment and trade.
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Fifty children were tested on their math knowledge on the first day of first grade and the last day of first grade. Researchers were interested in if there was an increase in average math scores from the beginning to the end of the year. What statistical test should the researchers use to analyze their data? Group of answer choices
z test
single-sample t test
independent-samples t test
paired-samples t test
To analyze the increase in average math scores from the beginning to the end of the year for the fifty children, researchers should use a statistical test called paired-samples t test. So fourth option is the correct answer.
The paired-samples t-test is used when comparing the means of two related groups or when analyzing data with repeated measures on the same group. In this case, the scores of the same group of children are measured at the beginning and end of the year, making it a paired design.
The test would determine whether there is a significant difference between the mean math scores at the beginning and end of the year, indicating an increase or decrease in scores over time for the same group of children.
So the correct answer is fourth option paired sample t test.
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Pls I need help with my math work Find the value of x
The value of the angle x formed by the two intercepted arcs is: 29.5
What is the angle at the center between arcs?
The central angle is the angle that a circle's arc occupies in its center. The arms of the central angle are formed by the radius vectors.
Now, angles that are formed inside of a circle by two chords create four arcs on a circle, which you can see in this diagram. The measure of the angle is equal to half the sum of the intercepted arcs.
We are given that:
mAB = 34
mCD = 25
Thus:
x = (34 + 25)/2
x = 59/2
x = 29.5
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PLEASE HELP ITS URGENT I INCLUDED THE PROBLEM IN IMAGE I WROTE IT DOWN!!!
Answer: 24√6 in simplest radical form.
Explanation: We can simplify this expression by first combining the coefficients (the numbers in front of the square roots) and then multiplying the square roots together.
3√2 * 2√8 * √3 * √6
= (3 * 2 * √2 * √8) * (√3 * √6)
= (6 * √16) * √18
= (6 * 4) * √2 * √3 * √3
= 24√6
Therefore, the answer is 24√6 in simplest radical form.
Find the lateral surface area of the figure.
The evaluated lateral surface area is 261.8 square meters, under the condition that the base length is 20 m and height is 13 m.
The lateral surface area of a cylinder is given by the formula 2πrh
Here,
r = radius of the base
h = height of the cylinder.
For the given case, the base length is 20 m and height is 13 m. Then the base length is stated instead of the radius, we have to evaluate the radius first.
The radius of a cylinder can be found applying the formula r = l/2π
Here,
l = base length.
So, staging l = 20 m
, we get
r = 20/(2π)
≈ 3.18 m
Now that we have received the radius and height, we can evaluate the lateral surface area applying the formula mentioned above.
Staging
r = 3.18 m
h = 13 m,
we get:
Lateral surface area
= 2πrh
≈ 261.8 m²
Then, the lateral surface area of the given cylinder is approximately 261.8 square meters.
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Prove that if both pairs of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are equal, then the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram
We have shown that both pairs of opposite sides are parallel, which means that the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
To prove that a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides equal is a parallelogram, we need to show that its opposite sides are parallel.
Let ABCD be the given quadrilateral with AB = CD and BC = DA. We need to show that AB || CD and BC || DA
Since opposite sides are equal, we have AB = CD and BC = DA. Adding these two equations, we get:
AB + BC = CD + DA
By the triangle inequality, we know that AB + BC > AC and CD + DA > AC. Therefore, we can write:
AB + BC > AC > CD + DA
Subtracting BC and CD from both sides, we get:
AB > AC - BC > DA
Since AB and DA are opposite sides of the quadrilateral, and AC and BC are transversals, we have shown that AB is parallel to DA.
Similarly, we can subtract AB and DA from both sides of the equation AB + BC = CD + DA to get:
BC > CD - DA > AB
Since BC and AB are opposite sides of the quadrilateral, and CD and DA are transversals, we have shown that BC is parallel to AB.
Therefore, we have shown that both pairs of opposite sides are parallel, which means that the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
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Bennie is calculating the density of books in a box. He knows the number of books in the box and the volume of the box. Which of the following formulas can be used to calculate the density of books in the box? a. Density = number of books/volume of box b. Density = volume of box/number of books c. Volume of shelf = density/number of books d. Number of books = density/volume of box
The formula that can be used to calculate the density of books in the box is a. Density = the number of books/volume of the box.
This formula relates the number of books in the box to the volume of the box, allowing Bennie to determine how densely packed the books are in the given space. The term "density" refers to the amount of mass (in this case, the number of books) per unit volume, and this formula helps to quantify that relationship.
The volume of the box is the area of the box or cube. A box is a three-dimensional object in the shape of a cube, a three-dimensional object with a square face. The cube, also known as a regular hexahedron, is one of the five Platonic bodies.
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anna has 2 dozen Rollo bars and 1 dozen apples as treats for halloween. in how many ways can anna hand out 1 treat to each of 36 children who come to her door?
There are approximately 3.72 x 10⁴¹ ways that Anna can hand out 1 treat to each of the 36 children who come to her door.
Anna has 2 dozen Rollo bars, which is equivalent to 2 x 12 = 24 Rollo bars.
She also has 1 dozen apples, which is equivalent to 1 x 12 = 12 apples.
So, Anna has a total of 24 + 12 = 36 treats to hand out.
Now, she needs to hand out 1 treat to each of the 36 children who come to her door.
This can be thought of as selecting 1 treat from the total of 36 treats for each child, without replacement, as each child can only receive 1 treat.
The number of ways to do this is given by the concept of permutations, denoted by "nPr", which is calculated as;
nPr = n! / (n - r)!
where n is the total number of items (treats) to choose from, and r is the number of items (treats) to choose.
In this case, n = 36 (total number of treats) and r = 36 (number of children).
Plugging in the values, we get;
36P36 = 36! / (36 - 36)! = 36! / 0! = 36!
Since 0! (0 factorial) is equal to 1, we can simplify further:
36! / 1 = 36!
36! ≈ 3.72 x 10⁴¹
So, there are 3.72 x 10⁴¹ ways that Anna can hand out 1 treat to each of the 36 children who come to her door.
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What is the eleventh term in the sequence 17, 24, 31, 38
Answer: 87
Step-by-step explanation:
PLEASE HELP NOW MY ASSIGNMENT I DUE IN 10 MIN QUESTION: david traveled 4/5 of his trip by bicycle and the rest by foot if the whole trip was 160km how many km did he travel by foot?
Answer: 32 km
Step-by-step explanation:
If he travelled 4/5 of the trip by bike, then he travelled 1/5 on foot.
so he travelled 160/5 = 32 km on foot. Phew! thats a long walk.
4. Estimation based on a function of the observation. Let be a positive random variable, with known mean y and variance o?, to be estimated on the basis of a measurement X of the form X = Vow. We assume that W is independent of O with zero mean, unit variance, and known fourth moment E[W4). Thus, the conditional mean and variance of X given are 0 and 8, respectively, so we are essentially trying to estimate the variance of X given an observed value (a) Find the linear LMS estimator of based on X = 1. (b) Let Y = X. Find the linear LMS estimator of based on Y = y.
In this scenario, we are trying to estimate a positive random variable, which has a known mean and variance. We are given a measurement X, which is equal to the product of the random variable and another variable W. We assume that W is independent of O, has a zero mean, unit variance, and known fourth moment.
In order to estimate the random variable, we need to find the linear LMS estimator of it based on X. The LMS estimator is a method of finding an estimator that minimizes the mean squared error of the estimation. In this case, we are looking for a linear function of X that gives us the best estimate of the random variable.
Using the linear LMS estimator, we can find the estimator of the random variable based on X = 1. The estimator is given by E[Y|X] = y + (1/O) Cov[Y,X] = y + (1/O) Var[W] = y.
In part (b) of the question, we are asked to find the linear LMS estimator of the random variable based on Y = y. In this case, the estimator is given by E[X|Y] = y + (Cov[X,Y]/Var[Y]) (Y - y) = y + (Cov[X,Y]/o?) (Y - y).
In summary, we can estimate a positive random variable based on a measurement X using the linear LMS estimator. The estimator can be found by finding a linear function of X that minimizes the mean squared error of the estimation. In the given scenario, we can find the estimator of the random variable based on X = 1 and Y = y.
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Suppose the mass of a bowling ball
varies directly with its volume.
A particular bowling ball has a mass of
12 kilograms, and has a volume of 4
liters. What would the volume of a ball
that has a mass of 9 kilograms.
If a particular bowling ball has a mass of 12 kilograms, and has a volume of 4 liters, the volume of a ball with a mass of 9 kilograms is 3 liters.
If the mass of a bowling ball varies directly with its volume, then we can use the formula:
mass = k * volume
where k is the constant of proportionality.
To find the value of k, we can use the given information:
12 = k * 4
k = 3
Now, we can use the value of k to find the volume of a ball with a mass of 9 kilograms:
9 = 3 * volume
volume = 3
This result makes sense, as we would expect the volume to be smaller if the mass is smaller, assuming the density of the ball remains constant.
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given eigenvalues, eigenvectors for matrix A are λ1 = 2, v1 = [-5 1]t and λ2 = 6, v2 = [5 4]t
(t means transpose ... means the row vector is actually a column vector)
Defn of Eigenvector, Eigenvalue:
Avi = λivi for all i, in this case, i = 1, 2
The eigenvectors v1 and v2 are such that when multiplied by matrix A, they result in scalar multiples of themselves (scaled by their respective eigenvalues).
An eigenvector is a non-zero vector that, when multiplied by a matrix, results in a scalar multiple of itself. In other words, if A is a square matrix and v is an eigenvector of A, then Av = λv, where λ is the eigenvalue associated with v.
Given the eigenvalues and eigenvectors for matrix A as λ1 = 2, v1 = [-5 1]ᵀ and λ2 = 6, v2 = [5 4]ᵀ, we can say that:
- Av1 = λ1v1 = 2[-5 1]ᵀ = [-10 2]ᵀ
- Av2 = λ2v2 = 6[5 4]ᵀ = [30 24]ᵀ
Therefore, the eigenvectors v1 and v2 are such that when multiplied by matrix A, they result in scalar multiples of themselves (scaled by their respective eigenvalues).
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Giving 100 pts to who ever does this 4 meee <3
The height of the cone is h = 3V / πr². Then the correct option is B.
Given that:
Volume of the cone, V = πr²h / 3
Simplify the equation for the value of h, then we have
V = πr²h / 3
3V = πr²h
h = 3V / πr²
The height of the cone is h = 3V / πr². Then the correct option is B.
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Can someone give me the answer and explanation
Step-by-step explanation:
10 to the power of 6 is 1,000,000
10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 1,000,000
10 to the power of 7 is 10,000,000
10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 10,000,000
=(5 x 1,000,000)(5 x 10,000,000)
=5,000,000 x 50,000,000
= 250,000,000,000,000
researchers found the demand for cheese in a particular country for a particular year can be estimated by the implicit equation -0.82 Inp where p represents the price of a unit of cheese and D represents a constant that can be calculated uniquely for a particular year. Here q represents the annual per capita cheese demand. Answer parts (a) and (b) below. P do 9 dp (a) Use implicit differentiation to calculate and interpret the elasticity of demand. Recall that elasticity of demand is E- Show the first step of implicit differentiation, the equation that results from differentiating each side of the equation da dp Find the elasticity of demand E =(Simplify your answer) Interpret the elasticity of demand you calculated O A. Demand is inelastic OB. Demand is elastic O C. Demand may be elastic or inelastic, depending on the value of D. OD. Demand has unit elasticity
(b) Solve the equation for then calculate the elasticity of demand q= E=
(Simplify your answer.)
(a) First step of implicit differentiation:
-0.82dP/dt = dq/dt
The equation that results from differentiating each side of the equation with respect to P is:
-0.82 - 0.82P(d^2q/dP^2) = (dQ/dP)(dP/dt)/(dq/dt)
To find the elasticity of demand, we need to use the formula:
E = (dQ/Q)/(dP/P)
We can rewrite this as:
E = (dQ/dP) * (P/Q)
We know that dQ/dP = -0.82P(d^2q/dP^2), so we substitute that into the formula:
E = (-0.82P(d^2q/dP^2)) * (P/q)
Simplifying this expression, we get:
E = -0.82P^2(d^2q/dP^2)/q
(b) We can solve the original equation for q by dividing both sides by -0.82:
q = (-1/0.82)P + D
Taking the derivative of q with respect to P, we get:
dq/dP = -1/0.82
We can use this result to calculate the elasticity of demand using the formula:
E = (dQ/dP) * (P/Q)
Substituting the values we found, we get:
E = (-1/0.82) * (P/((-1/0.82)P + D))
Simplifying this expression, we get:
E = -1/(P/((-1/0.82)P + D))
E = -1/((D/P) - 1.22)
(a) Interpretation: The elasticity of demand is a measure of how much the quantity demanded changes in response to a change in price. If E > 1, demand is considered elastic, meaning that a small change in price will result in a large change in quantity demanded. If E < 1, demand is considered inelastic, meaning that a change in price will result in a small change in quantity demanded. If E = 1, demand is unit elastic, meaning that a change in price will result in an equal proportional change in quantity demanded.
(b) Interpretation: The elasticity of demand in this case depends on the values of D and P. If D is relatively small compared to P, then the elasticity of demand will be close to -1.22, which is the upper limit of the elasticity. If D is relatively large compared to P, then the elasticity of demand will be close to zero, which means that demand is very inelastic.
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•You are given a number stored in a variable, with the name age • Check whether the age is greater than and equal to 60 or not. If true, Then print "Senior Citizen"• otherwise "Not Senior Citizen".
Here is the code for the condition given:
```python
age = 65 # Replace this with the given age
if age >= 60:
print("Senior Citizen")
else:
print("Not Senior Citizen")
Let us explain the answer in detail:
1. Store the given age in a variable called `age`.
2. Use an if statement to check if the age is greater than or equal to 60.
3. If the condition is true, print "Senior Citizen".
4. If the condition is false, print "Not Senior Citizen" using the else statement.
Here's a code example:
```python
age = 65 # Replace this with the given age
if age >= 60:
print("Senior Citizen")
else:
print("Not Senior Citizen")
```
Replace `65` with the given age to check if the person is a senior citizen or not.
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(2, 1) and (3,-10)
Slope =
Answer:
slope = - 11
Step-by-step explanation:
calculate the slope m using the slope formula
m = [tex]\frac{y_{2}-y_{1} }{x_{2}-x_{1} }[/tex]
with (x₁, y₁ ) = (2, 1 ) and (x₂, y₂ ) = (3, - 10 )
m = [tex]\frac{-10-1}{3-2}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{-11}{1}[/tex] = - 11
Give the contrapositive of the following statements. (a) If mor n is even then mnd is even. (b) If x E ANB then 2 € A and r e B, where A and B are subsets of R. (c) Let S be a subset of R. If u is an upper bound for Sthen for every € >0 there exists some ES such that e-c
In logic, the contrapositive of an implication is a new statement that is formed by switching the hypothesis and conclusion, and negating both. In other words, the contrapositive of "if p then q" is "if not q, then not p."
Please find the contrapositives of the given statements below:
(a) Original statement: If m or n is even, then mn is even.
Contrapositive: If mn is not even, then neither m nor n is even.
(b) Original statement: If x ∈ A∩B, then 2 ∈ A and r ∈ B, where A and B are subsets of R.
Contrapositive: If 2 ∉ A or r ∉ B, then x ∉ A∩B, where A and B are subsets of R.
(c) Original statement: Let S be a subset of R. If u is an upper bound for S, then for every ε > 0, there exists some E ∈ S such that u - E < ε.
Contrapositive: Let S be a subset of R. If for some ε > 0, there is no E ∈ S such that u - E < ε, then u is not an upper bound for S.
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What is the distance between the two points plotted?
A graph with the x-axis starting at negative 10, with tick marks every one unit up to 10. The y-axis starts at negative 10, with tick marks every one unit up to 10. A point is plotted at negative 4, 6 and at negative 4, negative 6.
12 units
10 units
−12 units
−10 units
The distance between the two points plotted include the following: A. 12 units.
How to determine the distance between the coordinates for each points?In Mathematics and Geometry, the distance between two (2) points that are on a coordinate plane can be calculated by using the following mathematical equation:
Distance = √[(x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²]
Where:
x and y represent the data points (coordinates) on a cartesian coordinate.
By substituting the given points into the distance formula, we have the following;
Distance = √[(-4 + 4)² + (-6 - 6)²]
Distance = √[(0)² + (-12)²]
Distance = √[0 + 144]
Distance = √144
Distance = 12 units.
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One of the properties of a parabola is that it can act as a reflector. In a reflector, any ray that is __________ to the axis of symmetry will be reflected off the surface to the focus. A. a bisector B. parallel C. perpendicular D. similar
One of the properties of a parabola is that it can act as a reflector. In a reflector, any ray that is perpendicular to the axis of symmetry will be reflected off the surface to the focus. So, correct option is C.
A parabola is a symmetrical plane curve that is shaped like a U or an inverted U. It is defined as the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed point, called the focus, and a fixed line, called the directrix.
One of the properties of a parabola is that it can act as a reflector. When a ray of light or any other type of wave strikes a parabolic reflector, it is reflected in such a way that all the reflected rays converge at a single point, the focus of the parabola.
For a ray to be reflected off a parabolic reflector to the focus, it must be perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the parabola. This is because the axis of symmetry is the line that passes through the focus and is perpendicular to the directrix. Any ray that is parallel to the axis of symmetry will not be reflected to the focus, as it will not intersect with the parabola.
Therefore, the answer to the given question is C. perpendicular. Any ray that is perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of a parabola will be reflected off the surface to the focus, making it a useful tool in various applications, such as telescopes, satellite dishes, and headlights.
So, correct option is C.
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which expression is equivalent to -12x - 14?
the answer is -2 (6 x + 7)
Which graph best represents the function
f(x)=-3^x-2
The correct graph of function f(x) =-3ˣ - 2 is shown in option 4.
We have to given that;
Function is,
⇒ f(x) = -3ˣ - 2
Now, In option 4;
Take a point (0, - 3) into function as;
Plug x = 0, y = - 3;
⇒ f(x) = -3ˣ - 2
⇒ - 3 = - 3⁰ - 2
⇒ - 3 = - 1 - 2
⇒ - 3 = - 3
Thus, The correct graph of function f(x) =-3ˣ - 2 is shown in option 4.
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hotel A charges $2 per minute plus a $5 connection fee for international phone calls. hotel B charges $4 per minute for international calls with a $3 discount on all calls. determine the length, in minutes of an international phone call that would cost the same at either hotel.
A call that lasts for a length of 4 minutes would cost the same at either hotel.
For Hotel A: Cost = 2(4) + 5 = 13
For Hotel B: Cost = 4(4) - 3 = 13 minutes
How do we determine the length of phone call that would cost the same at either hotel?We can determine the length of phone call that would cost the same at either hotel by the following equations.
Given:
Hotel A, cost of the call:
Cost for Hotel A = 2x + 5
For Hotel B, the cost of the call:
Cost for Hotel B = 4x - 3
For the length of the call that would cost the same at either hotel, we shall set these two equations equal to each other and solve for x:
2x + 5 = 4x - 3
Subtracting 2x from both sides, we get:
5 = 2x - 3
Adding 3 to both sides, we get:
8 = 2x
Dividing both sides by 2, we get:
x = 4
So, a call that lasts 4 minutes would cost the same at either hotel.
We can verify this, let's plug x = 4 into both equations:
For Hotel A: Cost = 2(4) + 5 = 13
For Hotel B: Cost = 4(4) - 3 = 13
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j^2+6j-40. factor helpppp
The expression is factorized to give j = -10 and j = 4
How to factor the expressionFrom the information given, we have the quadratic equation as;
j²+ 6j - 40
Using the factorization method, we have to mulitply the coefficient of j² by the constant.
After this, find the pair factors of the product that adds up to give 6
Substitute the values
Then, we have;
j² + 10j - 4j - 40
group the expression in pairs
(j² + 10j) - (4j- 40)
factor the common terms
j(j + 10) - 4(j + 10)
We have;
(j + 10) (j - 4)
j + 10 = 0
collect the terms
j = -10
j = 4
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Two functions are given
Answer:
I believe the correct answer here would be C.
Step-by-step explanation:
A firm manufactures padded shipping bags. A cardboard carton should contain 100 bags, but machine operators fill the cardboard cartons by eye, so a carton may contain anywhere from 98 to 123 bags (average = 105.5 bags). Each padded bag costs $0.03. Management realizes that they are giving away 5(1/2)% of their output by overfilling the cartons. One solution is to automate the filling of shipping cartons. This should reduce the average quantity of bags per carton to 100.3, with almost no cartons containing fewer than 100 bags. The equipment would cost $18,600 and straight-line depreciation with a 10-year depreciable life and a $3600 salvage value would be used. The equipment costs $16,000 annually to operate. 200,000 cartons will be filled each year. This large profitable corporation has a 40% combined federal-plus-state incremental tax rate. Assume a 10-year study period for the analysis and an after-tax MARR of 15%. Compute: (a) The after-tax present worth (b) The after-tax internal rate of return (c) The after-tax simple payback period =1.9 years
The after-tax present worth according to the given values is $732,140.56 and the internal rate of return is 22.65%.
(a) To compute the after-tax present worth, we need to determine the net cash flow for each year and discount it to present value using the after-tax MARR of 15%.
Year 0: Initial cost of equipment = -$18,600
Years 1-10:
Revenue from bags = (100.3 bags/carton) x ($0.03/bag) x (200,000 cartons/year) = $120,780
Cost savings from reducing overfilling = (5.5%) x ($0.03/bag) x (200,000 cartons/year) = $3,300
Operating cost of equipment = -$16,000
Depreciation expense = -$1,800 (($18,600 - $3,600 salvage value) / 10 years)
Net cash flow for each year:
Year 0: -$18,600
Year 1: $107,280 ($120,780 + $3,300 - $16,000 - $1,800)
Year 2: $109,160 ($120,780 + $3,300 - $16,000 - $1,800)
...
Year 10: $113,640 ($120,780 + $3,300 - $16,000 - $1,800)
Discounting each year's net cash flow to present value and summing them up, we get:
PV = -$18,600 + ($107,280 / (1+0.15)^1) + ($109,160 / (1+0.15)^2) + ... + ($113,640 / (1+0.15)^10)
PV = -$18,600 + $750,740.56
PV = $732,140.56
Therefore, the after-tax present worth is $732,140.56.
(b) To compute the after-tax internal rate of return, we need to find the discount rate that makes the net present value equal to zero. We can use trial and error or a financial calculator to solve this.
Using trial and error, we find that a discount rate of approximately 22.65% makes the net present value equal to zero. Therefore, the after-tax internal rate of return is approximately 22.65%.
(c) To compute the after-tax simple payback period, we need to determine how long it takes for the cumulative net cash flow to equal the initial cost of the equipment.
Year 0: -$18,600
Year 1: $107,280
Year 2: $109,160
Year 3: $110,960
Year 4: $112,680
Year 5: $114,320
Year 6: $115,880
Year 7: $117,360
Year 8: $118,760
Year 9: $120,080
Year 10: $121,320
The cumulative net cash flow becomes positive in year 3, so the after-tax simple payback period is approximately 1.9 years (between year 2 and year 3).
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3. Ms. Crow is #ballin on the basketball court. She gets fouled while shooting, so she has the
-0.8t + 4t + 9 to
opportunity to shoot a free throw. She calculates the function h(t) =
represent the optimal height in feet, h, of the basketball in seconds, f, to guarantee a swoosh every
time. Use a graphing calculator to answer the following questions.
a) What is the maximum height of the ball?
b) After how many seconds is the ball at the maximum height?
c) At what time will the ball hit the ground after the free throw has been shot?
The time the ball will hit the ground after the free throw has been shot is 6.7 seconds
What is the maximum height of the ball?From the question, we have the following parameters that can be used in our computation:
f(t) = -0.8t² + 4t + 9
The graph is added as an attachment
From the graph, we have
Maximum height = 14 ft
After how many seconds is the ball at the maximum height?From the graph, we have
Time to reach maximum height = 2.5 seconds
At what time will the ball hit the ground after the free throw has been shot?From the graph, we have
Time to hit the ground = 6.7 seconds
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