The trader's optimal level of position is q=1, with associated equilibrium profits of $3.50. The optimal level of position for the trader with utility function u(π) = µ(π) is also q=1, with associated equilibrium profits of $3.50.
To determine the trader's optimal level of position, we need to find the value of q that maximizes their utility function u(π). For each possible price xi ($8 or $2), we calculate the profit at time t, π_t = xi * q - C(q), where C(q) = 10 + q².
Then, we calculate the expected profit µ(π) = 0.5 * (π_t when xi = $8) + 0.5 * (π_t when xi = $2), and the variance σ(π) = 0.5 * (π_t - µ(π))² for both prices. Finally, we plug µ(π) and σ(π) into the utility functions and compare their values for different q's.
For the first utility function, we find that q=1 maximizes u(π) with associated equilibrium profits of $3.50. For the second utility function, the optimal level of position remains the same at q=1, with associated equilibrium profits of $3.50.
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After getting a large loan from the bank per decides to This is a case of O crocitnik O moral hazard Orisk sharing O adverse selection
This scenario is a case of moral hazard. Moral hazard is a term used to describe a situation where one party takes more risks because they know that they will not bear the full consequences of their actions. Option A
In this case, Per has obtained a large loan from the bank, and because they do not have to bear the full risk of the loan, they may be more likely to take risks that could result in the loan not being repaid.
Moral hazard is a common problem in the financial industry. Lenders are often faced with the challenge of assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers, and they must be careful to avoid lending to those who may be more likely to default. However, when borrowers are not required to bear the full risk of their loans, they may be more willing to take on more debt than they can afford to repay.
To mitigate the risk of moral hazard, lenders can take a number of steps. For example, they can require borrowers to put up collateral, such as property or other assets, to secure the loan. They can also require borrowers to provide a personal guarantee or to have a co-signer on the loan. These measures can help to ensure that borrowers have some skin in the game and are less likely to take on excessive risk. Therefore option A is correct.
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The CEO of Kuehner Development Company has just come from a meeting with his marketing staff where he was given the latest market study of a proposed new shopping center. The study calls for a construction phase of 1 year, and a subsequent operation phase. This question focuses largely on the construction phase. The marketing staff has chosen a 12-acre site for the project that they believe they can acquire for $2.25 million. The initial studies indicate that this shopping center will have gross building area (GBA) of 190,000 sq. ft. The head of the construction division assures the CEO that hard costs will be kept to $54 per sq ft. of GBA, and soft costs (excluding interest carry and loan fees) will be kept to $4.50 per square foot of GBA. Site improvements will cost $750,000. The Shawmut Bank has agreed to provide construction financing for the project. The bank will finance the construction costs (hard and soft) and the site improvements at an annual rate of 13%. They will also charge a loan-commitment fee of 2% of the total balance. The construction division estimates that 60 percent of the financed construction costs will be taken down evenly during the first six months of the construction project. The remaining 40 percent will be taken down evenly during the last six months. a. What are the total construction costs that the bank is willing to finance? b. Given the terms of the construction loan, what will be the total interest carry for the shopping center project? c. What will be the total amount that Kuehner must borrow (Hint: remember to include interest carry)? d. How much equity does Kuehner need to put into the project? e. Acme Insurance Co. agrees to provide permanent financing for the project and "take-out" the construction loan at the end of 1 year. They agree to provide a fully amortizing mortgage with a 20 year maturity at a 12 percent annual interest rate. What is the monthly debt service that Kuehner will have to make once construction is complete and operations begin?
Okay, here are the steps to solve this question:
a) Total construction costs to finance:
Hard costs: 190,000 sq ft GBA x $54/sq ft GBA = $10,260,000
Soft costs: 190,000 sq ft GBA x $4.50/sq ft GBA = $855,000
Site improvements: $750,000
Total construction costs to finance = $10,260,000 + $855,000 + $750,000 = $11,865,000
b) Interest carry for the construction loan (at 13% annual rate for 1 year):
$11,865,000 x 0.13 = $1,542,450
c) Total amount to borrow (construction costs + interest carry):
$11,865,000 + $1,542,450 = $13,407,450
d) Equity needed:
Total project cost = $13,407,450 + $2,250,000 (land cost) = $15,657,450
Since taking out a $13,407,450 construction loan, the equity needed is $15,657,450 - $13,407,450 = $2,250,000
e) Monthly debt service once construction is complete (at 12% annual rate for 20 years):
$13,407,450 x 0.12 / 12 = $148,588 (monthly interest)
20 years x 12 months/year = 240 payments
$13,407,450 / 240 payments = $55,654 (monthly principal payment)
Monthly debt service = $148,588 + $55,654 = $204,242
Let me know if you have any other questions!
given the following project network and baseline information below and the form, develop a status report for the project at the end of period 4 and the end of period 8, what information are you prepared to tell the customer about the status of the project at the end of period 8?
A status report for the project at the end of period 4 and the end of period 8, as well as the information to communicate the status of the project to the customer at the end of period 8.
Status Report at the End of Period 4:
By the conclusion of period 4, the project was moving forward according to plan. Up until and including Activity E, all tasks were finished on time or ahead of schedule. Activity F is currently underway and should be finished by the end of period 5 on schedule. The project timeline or budget has not been affected by any unforeseen delays or problems.
Status Report at the End of Period 8:
The project is running late and over budget towards the conclusion of period 8. Except for Activity F, which had unforeseen delays and is now slated to be finished in period 9, all activities up to and including Activity E were finished on time or ahead of schedule. The completion of Activities G, H, and I have been delayed as a result of this delay, which has affected the succeeding activities. The project will now likely be finished in period 12, four periods later than the original baseline timeline.
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A private equity (PE) firm is attempting to value the stock of "StartMeUp" using the concept that the value of an asset is the present value of future cash flows. The PE firm has determined that the first dividend will be at time 1 and be equal to $1.00. Historically the accounting definition of return on equity (ROE) has been 15%. Going forward growth will be generated from retained earnings in the proportion of 20% and will be constant. The firm doesn’t have any debt so that it is unlevered.
Because the PE firm is valuing a firm that is not publicly traded, there isn’t any firm specific market data available to estimate its risk. The return on the market portfolio is and the risk-free rate is .
Despite the lack of market data for StartMeUp, the PE firm has identified another publicly traded firm in exactly the same industry. That firm has a beta of 1.5, a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.8, and a tax rate of 25%.
Find the price of one share of StartMeUp.
The price of one share of StartMeUp is $12.50.
To find the price of one share of StartMeUp, we'll use the Gordon Growth Model, which is P0 = D1 / (r - g), where P0 is the share price, D1 is the dividend at time 1, r is the required rate of return, and g is the growth rate.
1. Determine the growth rate (g): g = Retained Earnings Ratio x ROE = 0.2 x 0.15 = 0.03 (3%).
2. Calculate the unlevered beta: Unlevered Beta = Levered Beta / (1 + (1 - Tax Rate) x Debt-to-Equity Ratio) = 1.5 / (1 + (1 - 0.25) x 0.8) = 1.0714.
3. Estimate StartMeUp's required rate of return (r): r = Risk-Free Rate + Unlevered Beta x (Market Return - Risk-Free Rate). Assume Risk-Free Rate = 2% and Market Return = 10%, then r = 0.02 + 1.0714 x (0.10 - 0.02) = 0.1086 (10.86%).
4. Calculate the share price: P0 = D1 / (r - g) = $1 / (0.1086 - 0.03) = $12.50.
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what is your effective annual yield in percentages on the mortgage with no points? info copied below you have just bought a new house for $360,000 and are taking out a mortgage for $288,000. your mortgage broker offers you a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage at 6% with no points.
The effective annual yield on the mortgage with no points is 6%.
To calculate the effective annual yield, we need to consider the interest rate, the number of compounding periods per year, and any fees associated with the mortgage. In this case, there are no points, which are fees paid at closing to lower the interest rate, so we only need to consider the interest rate and compounding periods.
The mortgage has a fixed interest rate of 6%, which means that the interest rate will not change over the 30-year term of the loan. The compounding periods are not specified, but assuming monthly compounding, we can calculate the effective annual yield using the formula:
Effective annual yield = (1 + (interest rate / compounding periods))^compounding periods - 1
Plugging in the numbers, we get:
Effective annual yield = (1 + (0.06 / 12))^12 - 1
Effective annual yield = 6.17%
As a result, the effective yearly return on the no-point mortgage is 6.17%. The real return, however, will be the same as the interest rate, which is 6%, because the interest rate is set and there are no costs.
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A stock recently paid a $4/share dividend. They maintain the same dividend payments for the next 11 years. Afterwards, they will steadily increase their dividend payments by 2.5%/year, forever. R=14%. Calculate the stock price.
The stock price is $63.09.To calculate the stock price , we need to find the present value of all future dividends and the future stock price. We can use the dividend discount model (DDM) to do this.
First, we need to find the present value of the first 11 years of dividends. Since the dividend payment remains constant for those years, we can use the perpetuity formula:
PV = (D / R) * (1 - (1 + g)⁻ⁿ)
where PV is the present value, D is the dividend payment, R is the required rate of return, g is the growth rate, and n is the number of periods.
In this case, D = $4, R = 14%, g = 0%, and n = 11. Plugging in these values, we get:
PV = (4 / 0.14) * (1 - (1 + 0)⁻¹¹) = $28.57
This is the present value of the first 11 years of dividends.
Next, we need to find the present value of all future dividends beyond year 11. Since the dividend payment increases by 2.5% per year, we can use the growing perpetuity formula:
PV = (D * (1 + g)) / (R - g)
where PV is the present value, D is the first dividend payment after year 11, R is the required rate of return, and g is the growth rate.
To find the first dividend payment after year 11, we need to calculate the dividend payment in year 11 and then increase it by 2.5% each year. The dividend payment in year 11 is:
D11 = D * (1 + g)^11 = 4 * (1 + 0)¹¹ = $4
The first dividend payment after year 11 is:
D12 = D11 * (1 + g) = 4 * (1 + 0.025) = $4.10
Plugging in these values, we get:
PV = (4.10 / (0.14 - 0.025)) = $34.52
This is the present value of all future dividends beyond year 11.
Finally, we need to find the future stock price at the end of year 11, which is simply the expected dividend payment in year 12 divided by the difference between the required rate of return and the growth rate:
P11 = D12 / (R - g) = 4.10 / (0.14 - 0.025) = $34.52
Adding the present values of the first 11 years of dividends and all future dividends, we get the total present value of the stock:
Total PV = $28.57 + $34.52 = $63.09.Therefore, the stock price is $63.09.
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after the civil war, the geostrategic importance of hawai'i declined, as the american economy focused more on domestic production and trade. True or false?
False. After the Civil War, Hawaii's geostrategic importance increased due to its strategic location for American expansion in the Pacific and growing trade with Asia.
Hawaii's geostrategic significance rose following the Civil War for several reasons. Hawaii was a key place for American development in the region because of its location in the Pacific. Second, Hawaii was a crucial port of call for American ships as commerce with Asia increased considerably.
Thirdly, Hawaii's sugar business expanded quickly, which increased American investment there significantly. Therefore, rather than diminishing after the Civil War, Hawaii's geostrategic significance expanded, and it continued to be an important American possession in the Pacific for many years to come.
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False. After the civil war, the geostrategic importance of Hawaii declined, as the American economy focused more on domestic production and trade.
After the Civil War, the United States began to expand its influence in the Pacific region, and Hawaii's location became increasingly valuable. American business interests also saw Hawaii as a potential market for goods and a source of raw materials. In 1875, the United States and Hawaii signed a reciprocity treaty, which reduced tariffs on Hawaiian sugar and increased trade between the two countries. The treaty was renewed in 1887, and in 1890, Congress passed the McKinley Tariff, which increased tariffs on sugar and effectively ended the reciprocity agreement. This led to political instability in Hawaii, culminating in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893 and the eventual annexation of Hawaii by the United States in 1898.
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The modern Keynesian Model assumes that
Since the modern Keynesian Model allows for some price response, the aggregate supply curve
The modern Keynesian Model assumes that there can be short-term market failures and imbalances in the economy that can result in high unemployment and low economic growth. It emphasizes the role of government intervention through fiscal policies, such as increased spending and tax cuts, to stimulate demand and boost economic activity.
In contrast to the traditional Keynesian Model, the modern version recognizes that prices can adjust to changes in supply and demand in the long run, allowing for some price response in the aggregate supply curve. This means that the economy can eventually return to its natural equilibrium level of output and employment, even without government intervention. However, in the short run, the modern Keynesian Model still stresses the need for government intervention to address economic imbalances and stabilize the economy.
The modern Keynesian Model assumes that there is a combination of both rigid and flexible prices in the economy. Since the modern Keynesian Model allows for some price response, the aggregate supply curve will have a positive slope, indicating that as the price level increases, the quantity of goods and services produced will also increase.
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The modern Keynesian Model assumes that the economy may experience short-run fluctuations in output and employment, which are primarily caused by changes in aggregate demand. Unlike the classical model, the modern Keynesian Model allows for some degree of price stickiness, which means that changes in aggregate demand may not always result in immediate price adjustments.
As a result, the modern Keynesian Model suggests that changes in aggregate demand can have a significant impact on the level of output and employment in the short run. However, over time, prices and wages will eventually adjust, leading to a new long-run equilibrium.
Since the modern Keynesian Model allows for some price response, the aggregate supply curve is upward sloping in the short run. This means that as aggregate demand increases, firms will be willing to increase output, but at higher prices. Conversely, if aggregate demand decreases, firms will reduce output, but at lower prices.
In the long run, the aggregate supply curve becomes more elastic as prices and wages adjust to changes in aggregate demand. At this point, the economy reaches a new equilibrium level of output and employment.
Overall, the modern Keynesian Model provides a framework for understanding the short-run dynamics of the economy and the role of aggregate demand in driving fluctuations in output and employment. By allowing for some degree of price stickiness, the model can help to explain why changes in aggregate demand can have a significant impact on the economy, even in the absence of major supply-side shocks.
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Question 13 Distinguish between publicly provided goods, public good and merit goods. [3] A recent survey of residents of a small city has highlighted the following results: There is significant traffic congestion, largely caused by commuters for satellite towns and villages; • Residents cannot relax in the local park, as the local soccer teams frequently use this space for training and matches; and Despite many vacancies at the new financial technology innovation hub, unemployment remains high. Identify and explain potential forms of market failure in each of these cases. [3] Outline, with reasons, which form(s) of government intervention may be appropriate to address each of the following scenarios: In a particular luxury goods market, firms are charging a price which significantly exceeds the marginal cost A regional city has an airport which is predominately serviced by two rival airlines; these airlines are proposing a merger A social survey has shown a marked increase in the use of tobacco products by people in the 12-16 age category • [3]
Publicly provided goods are those goods and services that are provided by the government to the public, such as public schools, roads, and hospitals.
Public goods are goods that are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, meaning that one person's use of the good does not diminish its availability to others, such as national defense or street lighting. Merit goods are goods and services that are deemed to be beneficial to society, but that may be under-consumed by individuals, such as education and healthcare.
In the case of the small city, the potential market failure in the traffic congestion is a negative externality, where the cost of commuting is not fully borne by the commuters but is instead imposed on the residents of the city. In the case of the local park, there is a tragedy of the commons, where the local soccer teams are using the park for their private benefit, but at the cost of the public's ability to use and enjoy the park. In the case of the unemployment at the innovation hub, there may be a market failure due to information asymmetry or imperfect competition.
In the luxury goods market scenario, a form of government intervention that may be appropriate is price regulation or antitrust regulation to prevent firms from charging excessively high prices. In the case of the proposed airline merger, a form of government intervention that may be appropriate is antitrust regulation to prevent the merger from creating a monopoly or reducing competition. In the case of the increase in tobacco use among youth, a form of government intervention that may be appropriate is regulation or taxation to discourage tobacco use among this age group.
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Sisters Corp. expects to earn $7 per share next year. The firm's ROE is 12% and its plowback ratio is 80%. If the firm's market capitalization rate is 10%. a. Calculate the price with the constant dividend growth model. (Do not round intermediate calculations.) Priceſ b. Calculate the price with no growth. Price c. What is the present value of its growth opportunities? (Do not round intermediate calculations.) PVGO
The price with the constant dividend growth model is $75.00. This is calculated by taking the expected dividend per share of $7.00 and dividing it by the market capitalization rate of 10%, which is 0.10.
The resulting figure is then divided by the retention ratio of 80%. This gives the expected dividend growth rate of 8.75%. The price with no growth is $70.00, calculated by taking the expected dividend per share of $7.00 and dividing it by the market capitalization rate of 10%.
The present value of its growth opportunities is the difference between the price with the constant dividend growth model and the price with no growth, which is $5.00.
The constant dividend growth model and the PVGO both consider a company's expected dividends and ROE when determining the price of a company's stock. The constant dividend growth model takes into account the expected dividend per share, the market capitalization rate, and the retention ratio to determine the expected dividend growth rate.
The PVGO is the difference between the price with the constant dividend growth model and the price with no growth. This difference reflects the present value of the company's future growth opportunities.
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The following facts are available about a convertible bond: Face Value = $2,000; Issue Price = $1,900; Parity = $1,750; Coupon 4%; Dividend Yield = 2.5%; Premium = $150. What is this CB s breakeven in years?
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
To calculate the breakeven in years for the convertible bond, we need to determine how long it would take for the convertible bond to earn enough interest and dividends to offset the difference between the issue price and the conversion price.
The conversion price is calculated by dividing the face value by the parity value:
Conversion Price = Face Value / Parity
= $2,000 / $1,750
= $1.143 per share
The premium is the difference between the issue price and the conversion price:
Premium = Issue Price - Conversion Price
= $1,900 - $1.143
= $756.00
To calculate the annual interest and dividend income, we first need to determine the annual coupon and dividend payments:
Annual Coupon Payment = Face Value x Coupon Rate
= $2,000 x 0.04
= $80.00
Annual Dividend Payment = Parity x Dividend Yield
= $1,750 x 0.025
= $43.75
The total annual income from the bond is the sum of the annual coupon and dividend payments:
Total Annual Income = Annual Coupon Payment + Annual Dividend Payment
= $80.00 + $43.75
= $123.75
To calculate the breakeven in years, we divide the premium by the total annual income:
Breakeven in Years = Premium / Total Annual Income
= $756.00 / $123.75
= 6.1 (rounded to the nearest tenth)
Therefore, the breakeven in years for this convertible bond is approximately 6 years. The answer is (c) 6.
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other things the same, if the fed increases the rate at which it increases the money supply then the short-run phillips curve shifts right in the long run. a. true b. false
False. An increase in the money supply does not cause the Phillips curve to shift in either the short or long run.
The Phillips Curve is an economic theory that states that there is an inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment. It does not directly factor in changes in the money supply.
In the short run, an increase in the money supply can lead to an increase in aggregate demand, and can cause inflation to increase.
In the long run, the increase in the money supply has no effect, as it is offset by an equal decrease in the demand for money.
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If the firm's fixed costs double while variable costs are unchanged, then
A) marginal cost remains unchanged.
B) marginal cost more than doubles.
C) marginal cost doubles.
D) average total cost remains unchanged.
If the firm's fixed costs double while variable costs are unchanged, then the total cost of production will increase. This means that both the average total cost and the marginal cost will increase.
However, since only the fixed costs have increased, the increase in marginal cost will not be as high as the increase in average total cost. Therefore, the correct answer is D) average total cost remains unchanged. If a firm's fixed costs double while variable costs remain unchanged, then the correct answer is:
A) Marginal cost remains unchanged.
This is because marginal cost is the additional cost incurred in producing one more unit of a good and is only affected by variable costs. Fixed costs do not impact marginal cost as they remain constant regardless of the level of production.
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In the condition when the firm's fixed costs double while variable costs are unchanged, then the average total cost remains unchanged, option D.
This is because fixed costs do not affect the marginal cost, which is the additional cost of producing one more unit. However, fixed costs do affect the average total cost, which is the total cost divided by the quantity produced. Since the variable costs remain unchanged, the cost per unit (average total cost) will remain the same even if the fixed costs double. Therefore, if the firm costs double while variable costs are unchanged, then average then average total cost remains unchanged.
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he most common form of outcome-based appraisal is: group of answer choices management by objectives. the performance standards review. behaviorally anchored rating scales. the essay method.
The most common form of outcome-based appraisal is Management by Objectives (MBO). Option A is answer.
This approach involves setting specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals for employees in collaboration with their managers. The employees are then evaluated based on their ability to achieve these goals. The MBO method is popular because it focuses on objective, quantifiable results rather than subjective opinions or evaluations based on personal characteristics or traits.
It is also a collaborative process that allows employees to have input into their own performance goals and objectives, which can increase motivation and engagement.
Option A is answer.
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Last year Janet purchased a $1,000 face value corporate bond with an 11% annual coupon rate and a 30-year maturity. At the time of the purchase, it had an expected yield to maturity of 12.2%. If Janet sold the bond today for $1,045.79, what rate of return would she have earned for the past year? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
The rate of return Janet earned for the past year on the corporate bond is 15.58%.
We'll use the terms face value, annual coupon rate, maturity, yield to maturity, and rate of return in the explanation.
Calculate the annual coupon payment.
Face value = $1,000
Annual coupon rate = 11%
Annual coupon payment = Face value * Annual coupon rate
Annual coupon payment = $1,000 * 0.11 = $110
Calculate the total amount Janet received from selling the bond.
Selling price = $1,045.79
Calculate Janet's total return for the past year.
Total return = Annual coupon payment + Selling price - Face value
Total return = $110 + $1,045.79 - $1,000 = $155.79
Calculate the rate of return as a percentage.
Rate of return = (Total return / Face value) * 100
Rate of return = ($155.79 / $1,000) * 100 = 15.579%
After rounding to two decimal places, Janet's rate of return for the past year is 15.58%
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Assume that today is December 31, 2019, and that the following information applies to Abner Airlines:After-tax operating income [EBIT(1 - T)] for 2020 is expected to be $500 million.The depreciation expense for 2020 is expected to be $190 million.The capital expenditures for 2020 are expected to be $225 million.No change is expected in net operating working capital.The free cash flow is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5% per year.The required return on equity is 15%.The WACC is 9%.The firm has $202 million of non-operating assets.The market value of the company's debt is $3.462 billion.230 million shares of stock are outstanding.Using the corporate valuation model approach, what should be the company's stock price today? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.$
The company's stock price today should be $21.22 according to the corporate valuation model approach.
How to use the corporate valuation model approach to calculate the stock price?The corporate valuation model approach is given by:
Stock Price =[tex]\frac{[FCF1 }{ (r - g)]} + \frac{(Non-operating Assets - Market Value of Debt)} { Shares Outstanding}[/tex]
Where FCF1 is the free cash flow for the next year, r is the required return on equity, g is the expected growth rate of free cash flow, Non-operating Assets is the value of non-operating assets, Market Value of Debt is the market value of the company's debt, and Shares Outstanding is the number of shares outstanding.
We are given:
EBIT(1-T) for 2020 = $500 million
Depreciation expense for 2020 = $190 million
Capital expenditures for 2020 = $225 million
Net operating working capital is expected to remain the same
Free cash flow is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5% per year
Required return on equity (r) = 15%
WACC = 9%
Non-operating assets = $202 million
Market value of debt = $3.462 billion
Shares outstanding = 230 million
First, we need to calculate the free cash flow for 2020:
FCF0 = EBIT(1-T) + Depreciation - Capital Expenditures - ∆Net Operating Working Capital
FCF0 = $500 million + $190 million - $225 million - 0 = $465 million
Next, we need to calculate the free cash flow for the next year, FCF1:
FCF1 = FCF0 x (1+g)
FCF1 = $465 million x (1+0.05) = $488.25 million
Now, we can calculate the stock price:
Stock Price = [tex]\frac{[FCF1 }{(r - g)]} + \frac{(Non-operating Assets - Market Value of Debt) }{ Shares Outstanding}[/tex]
Stock Price = [tex]\frac{[488,250,000 } {(0.15 - 0.05)]} + \frac{(202,000,000 - 3,462,000,000) }{ 230,000,000}[/tex]
Stock Price = [tex]\frac {[ \$488,250,000 } {0.1}] - \$10.65[/tex]
Stock Price = $4,882,500,000 - $10.65
Stock Price = $21.22 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Therefore, the company's stock price today should be $21.22 according to the corporate valuation model approach.
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which of the following statements are true? multiple select question. a project with a positive npv creates cash inflows, but it may or may not recover the cost of the original investment. a project with a positive npv will recover the original cost of the investment plus sufficient cash inflows to compensate for tying up funds. the net present value method automatically provides for return of the original investment. the net present value method does not provid
Based on the given statements, the true statements are:
1. A project with a positive NPV will recover the original cost of the investment plus sufficient cash inflows to compensate for tying up funds.
2. The net present value method automatically provides for return of the original investment.
1. A positive NPV indicates that the present value of cash inflows is greater than the present value of cash outflows, which means the project will generate more cash than the initial investment, compensating for the funds tied up.
2. The net present value (NPV) method calculates the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows, inherently accounting for the return of the original investment.
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if the average cost per coffee is $3 , will firms exit or enter the coffee market? c. what is the average cost per coffee in the long run?
This impact the number of firms in the market, in a way if input costs increase and the market price does not increase in response, firms may exit the market. If input costs decrease, the average cost may decrease, potentially attracting new firms to enter the market.
Changes in input costs can have a significant impact on the long-run average cost per coffee in a perfectly competitive market. For example, an increase in the cost of coffee beans, labor, or rent can increase the average cost of producing coffee.
If the market price of coffee does not increase in response to the increase in input costs, firms may find it difficult to cover their costs, and some may exit the market.
On the other hand, if input costs decrease, the average cost of producing coffee may decrease, allowing firms to earn higher profits and potentially attracting new firms to enter the market.
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The complete question is :
How do changes in input costs affect the long-run average cost per coffee in a perfectly competitive market, and how does this impact the number of firms in the market?
Sheffield Inc. now has the following two projects available: Project Initial CF After-tax CF1 After-tax CF2 After-tax CF3 1 -11,864.01 5,250 6,125 9,500 2 -3,336.42 3,750 3,150 = - Assume that RF = 5.How do you calculate working capital for a new project?
To calculate the working capital for a new project, you need to determine the difference between the project's current assets and current liabilities.
Working capital is the difference between a project's current assets (such as cash, accounts receivable, and inventory) and its current liabilities (such as accounts payable and short-term debt).
To calculate working capital, subtract the total value of a project's current liabilities from its total current assets. The resulting figure represents the amount of working capital available for the project.
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which of the following statements applies to the discount rate? the federal funds rate is the same as this rate. this rate is charged to depositors who are unable to meet their reserve requirement. the fed does not directly control this rate. this rate is used when banks borrow directly from the fed.
The discount rate is the interest rate that the Fed charges commercial banks when they borrow directly from the Fed's discount window. It is a tool used by the Fed to provide liquidity to the banking system, and its level influences borrowing and lending decisions by banks. The federal funds rate is not the same as the discount rate, and the Fed does not directly control the discount rate.
The discount rate is the interest rate that the Federal Reserve charges commercial banks to borrow funds from the Fed's discount window. The primary purpose of the discount rate is to provide liquidity to the banking system. When banks face a shortage of funds, they can borrow from the Fed's discount window to meet their reserve requirements and continue their lending operations.
Out of the given statements, the statement that applies to the discount rate is this rate is used when banks borrow directly from the Fed.This is because the discount rate is the interest rate charged by the Fed to commercial banks when they borrow directly from the Fed's discount window.
The federal funds rate, on the other hand, is the interest rate that banks charge each other for overnight loans of their excess reserves. This rate is not the same as the discount rate, as stated in one of the given statements. The Fed sets the federal funds rate through its open market operations, where it buys and sells government securities to influence the supply of reserves in the banking system.
Another statement that is not applicable to the discount rate is ""this rate is charged to depositors who are unable to meet their reserve requirement."" This statement describes the penalty rate that the Fed charges banks for failing to maintain the required level of reserves. The penalty rate is higher than the discount rate and is meant to encourage banks to maintain adequate reserves to meet their obligations.
Lastly, the Fed does not directly control the discount rate, but it does influence it through changes in its monetary policy. When the Fed wants to stimulate economic activity, it can lower the discount rate to encourage borrowing and lending by commercial banks. Conversely, when the Fed wants to slow down the economy, it can increase the discount rate, making it more expensive for banks to borrow from the Fed and reducing the money supply.
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what are what industries produces a product that requires 3.4 lb of materials per unit the allowance for oasis was per unit is 0.3 lb and 0.1 pounds respectively the purchase price is two dollars per pound but a 2% discount is usually taken free cost or 0.1 per pound and receiving and handling cost for 07 per pound the hourly wage rate is pulled off per pound but i raise which will average 0.30 will go into effects of payroll taxes are 1.20 per hour and fringe benefits average 2.44 standard production time is 1 hour per unit 2 hours and 1.1 hours respectively the standard materials quantity per unit is
Based on the information provided, it is difficult to determine the exact industries that produce a product requiring 3.4 pounds of materials per unit. However, we can analyze the costs associated with producing such a product.
The standard materials quantity per unit is 3.4 pounds, with an allowance for oasis of 0.3 pounds and 0.1 pounds respectively. This means that the actual materials needed per unit are 3 pounds and 3.3 pounds for the two scenarios. The purchase price for materials is $2 per pound, with a 2% discount typically taken, bringing the cost to $1.96 per pound. The receiving and handling cost is $0.07 per pound, so the total cost of materials is $6.99 and $7.23 for the two scenarios.
The hourly wage rate for producing the product is $10 per pound, with a raise of $0.30 per pound in effect. Payroll taxes are $1.20 per hour and fringe benefits average $2.44. The standard production time is 1 hour per unit, 2 hours, and 1.1 hours respectively for the three scenarios.
Based on this information, it is clear that the cost of producing a unit of this product will vary depending on the industry and specific factors involved. However, we can conclude that producing this product requires a significant amount of materials, labor, and overhead costs, which will affect the final price of the product.
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The Booth Company's sales are forecasted to double from $1,000 in 2019 to $2,000 in 2020. Here is the December 31, 2019, balance sheet:
Cash $ 100 Accounts payable $ 50
Accounts receivable 200 Notes payable 150
Inventories 200 Accruals 50
Net fixed assets 500 Long-term debt 400
Common stock 100
Retained earnings 250
Total assets $1,000 Total liabilities and equity $1,000
Booth's fixed assets were used to only 50% of capacity during 2019, but its current assets were at their proper levels in relation to sales. All assets except fixed assets must increase at the same rate as sales, and fixed assets would also have to increase at the same rate if the current excess capacity did not exist. Booth's after-tax profit margin is forecasted to be 5% and its payout ratio to be 70%. What is Booth's additional funds needed (AFN) for the coming year? Round your answer to the nearest dollar.
Booth's additional funds needed for the coming year is $335, rounded to the nearest dollar.
How to Calculate the Additional Funds Needed?To calculate the Additional Funds Needed (AFN), we can use the following formula:
AFN = (A*/S) ΔS - (L*/S) ΔS - MS1(RR)
In this case, Booth Company's sales are expected to double from $1,000 in 2019 to $2,000 in 2020. We are given that the company's fixed assets were used to only 50% of capacity during 2019, but its current assets were at their proper levels in relation to sales. This means that all assets except fixed assets must increase at the same rate as sales, and fixed assets would also have to increase at the same rate if the current excess capacity did not exist.
Using this information, we can calculate the assets that vary directly with sales (A*) and the spontaneous liabilities that vary directly with sales (L*) as follows:
A* = (Accounts receivable + Inventories) + (Net fixed assets x 50%)
= ($200 + $200) + ($500 x 50%)
= $450
L* = (Accounts payable + Accruals) + (Notes payable x (1 - payout ratio))
= ($50 + $50) + ($150 x (1 - 0.7))
= $95
Next, we can use the AFN formula to calculate the additional funds needed:
AFN = (A*/S) x (ΔS) - (L*/S) x (ΔS) - (MS1 x (RR))
where S = projected sales, ΔS = increase in sales, MS1 = increase in retained earnings, and RR = retention ratio.
Substituting the values, we get:
AFN = ($450/$1,000) x ($2,000 - $1,000) - ($95/$1,000) x ($2,000 - $1,000) - ($250 x (1 - 0.7))
= $335
Therefore, Booth Company's additional funds needed for the coming year is $335. The company will need to raise external financing of this amount to support its projected increase in sales.
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2. during the economic expansion from 2001 to 2007, rising home prices allowed households to increase borrowing by refinancing their mortgages for larger and larger amounts, and through home equity lines of credit. this increase in borrowing would:
The increase in borrowing by households during the economic expansion from 2001 to 2007, fueled by rising home prices, had positive effects on consumer spending and investment, but also increased economic risk and vulnerability to housing market fluctuations.
During the economic expansion from 2001 to 2007, rising home prices allowed households to increase borrowing by refinancing their mortgages for larger and larger amounts, and through home equity lines of credit. This increase in borrowing would have several effects:
Increased consumer spending: With increased access to credit, households would be able to spend more on consumer goods and services, which would help to stimulate economic growth.
Increased investment: With more funds available to households, they may also have been more likely to invest in stocks, bonds, and other financial assets, which could further stimulate economic growth.
Increased risk: Higher levels of household debt can increase the overall risk of the economy, as households become more vulnerable to economic shocks and changes in interest rates.
Vulnerability to housing market fluctuations: With much of this borrowing based on the value of homes, households would become more vulnerable to fluctuations in the housing market. A downturn in the housing market could lead to a decline in home values and a subsequent rise in mortgage defaults and foreclosures, which can have negative ripple effects throughout the economy.
The increase in borrowing during this period is often cited as a contributing factor to the 2008 financial crisis, as the resulting housing market collapse led to widespread defaults and foreclosures, which triggered a broader economic downturn.
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The appropriate discount rate to use when finding present value is the rate of return we can earn on other investments of similar risk Select one: True O False
The statement "The appropriate discount rate to use when finding present value is the rate of return we can earn on other investments of similar risk" is true because the appropriate discount rate to use when finding the present value of a future cash flow is the rate of return that could be earned on an investment with similar risk.
This is known as the opportunity cost of capital, which represents the return foregone by investing in one opportunity instead of another with similar risk. Using a discount rate that is too low or too high can result in inaccurate valuations and investment decisions.
Therefore, selecting an appropriate discount rate that reflects the level of risk associated with the cash flow is critical to accurately determining its present value.
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Beaver, a city in the United States, is attempting to attract a professional soccer team. Beaver is planning to build a new stadium that will cost $250 million. Annual upkeep is expected to amount to $800,000. The turf will have to be re- placed every 10 years at a cost of $950,000. Painting every 5 years will cost $75,000. If the city expects to maintain the facility indefinitely, what is the estimated capitalized cost at i = 8% per year?
The price per share for the following year would be $32 given that the stock is anticipated to have an ongoing dividend payment price per share and the cost of capital for the company.
When a stock, like the one described, has an indefinite payout, the price can be calculated by dividing the indefinite payment per share by the cost of capital.
10% interest rate, or 0.10. Base cost present value is equal to $500 million, or $500,000,000.
$1,000,000/r
= $1,000,000 / 0.10
= $10,000,000 is the present value of annual maintenance.
Artificial turf replacement cost present value is calculated as ($2,000,000 * (r / (1 + r)20) - 1) /r
= ($2,000,000 (0:10 / (1 + 0.10)20)-1) / 0.10
= $349,192.50
($250,000* (r/ (1+ r5)-1)/
r= ($250,000* (0.10 / (1+ 0.105)-1) / 0:10)
= $409,493.70 Present value of the painting
As a result, we have: Capitalised cost equals the present value of the base cost less the present value of annual maintenance. Artificial turf replacement costs in present value every 20 years and painting costs in present value every 5 years come to: $500,000,000, $10,000,000, $349,192.50, $409,493.70, or $510,758,686.20.
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external setup time refers to: group of answer choices the time it takes workers to set up a machine during scheduled maintenance the time to complete setup activities that do not require that the machine be stopped the time it takes equipment vendors to set up the machine none of the above
External setup time basically refers to the time which is taken in order to complete the setup activities which do not need the machine to be stopped.
The correct option is option b.
External setup time is basically the amount of time which happens to be associated with the elements or the activities of a setup procedure which are performed during the machine is running.
The term export is derived from the fact that these activities are performed outside of or are done away from the machine itself or when can say that these actions are external to the process.
Hence, the correct option is option b.
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a cisco switch has four area modules that store various files and the ios. in which area module is the startup-configuration file stored?
The area module that is the startup-configuration file stored is NVRAM.
Configuration documents are saved withinside the following locations: • The strolling configuration is saved in RAM. On all systems besides the Class A Flash document machine systems, the startup configuration is saved in nonvolatile random-get admission to reminiscence (NVRAM).The IOS is saved in a reminiscence place referred to as flash. The flash lets in the IOS to be upgraded or shops more than one IOS documents. In many router architectures, the IOS is copied into and run from RAM. A reproduction of the configuration document is saved in NVRAM for use at some point of startup. The configuration document is saved in NVRAM; however, you could configure the router to load the configuration document from a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server.
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The startup-configuration file in a Cisco switch is stored in the NVRAM (non-volatile random access memory) area module. NVRAM is a type of memory that is used to store configuration files, as it retains data even after the switch has been powered off.
The other area modules on a Cisco switch are the RAM (random access memory), ROM (read-only memory), and Flash memory.
RAM is a volatile memory module that is used for temporary storage of running configurations and data, but it does not retain information when the switch is powered off. The ROM module contains the switch's basic operating system and boot loader. It is a read-only memory, meaning that the information stored in it cannot be modified. Flash memory is used for storing the switch's operating system and other critical files, such as firmware updates.
The startup-configuration file is a crucial part of a switch's configuration, as it contains the initial configuration settings that are loaded when the switch is powered on. This file includes settings such as interface configurations, VLAN settings, and security settings, among others. Storing the startup-configuration file in NVRAM ensures that the settings are retained even after the switch is powered off and back on again.
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Your broker charges $0.0029 per share per trade. The exchange charges $0.0173 per share per trade for removing liquidity and credits $0.0155 per share per trade for adding liquidity. The current best BID price for stock XYZ is $82.89 per share, while the current best ASK price is $82.90 per share. You post an order to buy XYZ at the current best BID price and wait. Shortly after, the best BID and ASK prices move lower (down) by one cent each. Your buy order is executed. Immediately, you post an order to sell XYZ at the new best BID price, and your sell order is executed. What will be your net loss per share to buy and sell XYZ after considering the commissions and any exchange fees or credits?
Your net loss per share to buy and sell XYZ, after considering the commissions and any exchange fees or credits, is -$0.0176.
To calculate your net loss per share, let's consider the commissions and exchange fees or credits.
1. Buying XYZ:
- Execution price: $82.89 per share
- Broker commission: $0.0029 per share
- Exchange fee (adding liquidity): -$0.0155 per share (credit)
2. Selling XYZ:
- Execution price: $82.88 per share (since prices moved down by one cent)
- Broker commission: $0.0029 per share
- Exchange fee (removing liquidity): $0.0173 per share
Now, let's calculate the net loss per share:
Net loss per share = (Execution price of sell - Execution price of buy) - (Total commissions and exchange fees)
Net loss per share = ($82.88 - $82.89) - [($0.0029 + $0.0029) + ($0.0173 - $0.0155)]
Net loss per share = -$0.01 - ($0.0058 + $0.0018)
Net loss per share = -$0.01 - $0.0076
Your net loss per share to buy and sell XYZ, after considering the commissions and any exchange fees or credits, is -$0.0176.
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Question 10 (1 point) The distinctive invention of capitalist societies is the business firm, Independent of the state. True O False Question 11 (1 point) A nation's greatest resource is its human capital. O True O False Question 12 (1 point The Catholic Church opposes all forms of liberalism. True O False
The first two statements are true and the last statement is false. Question 10: True. The business firm is a distinctive invention of capitalist societies because it operates independently of the state.
In capitalist societies, the state's role is to regulate and create conditions for businesses to thrive, but businesses operate independently of the state. The business firm is a key institution that drives economic growth and creates wealth in capitalist societies.
Question 11: True. A nation's greatest resource is its human capital, which refers to the knowledge, skills, and abilities of its people.
Human capital is a critical factor in economic development, and countries that invest in education and training for their citizens tend to have higher levels of economic growth and development.
Question 12: False. The Catholic Church does not oppose all forms of liberalism. While it has historically been critical of certain aspects of liberal ideology, such as individualism and secularism, it has also embraced other aspects, such as social justice and human rights.
The Catholic Church's stance on liberalism is complex and has evolved over time, and cannot be reduced to a simple statement of opposition.
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sensitivityreport assembly plants in jefferson city and omaha supply warehouses in des moines, kansas city, and st. louis. the supplies, demands, and transportation costs per unit were determined. the optimal solution for this problem was found using solver and the attached sensitivity report was generated. if the supply at jefferson city could be increased by 9 units, what would be the change in the total cost of the optimal solution? round your answer to whole dollars and include a sign if required.
.This results in the same total supply and demand as the original solution, but with a different set of allocations that also has a total cost of $540.
To find an alternative optimal solution for the transportation problem, we need to identify a different set of allocations that also satisfies the constraints and has the same total cost as the original solution.
One way to do this is by using the "Stepping Stone" method, which involves evaluating the opportunity cost of moving one unit of supply from an existing allocation to a vacant cell. The opportunity cost is the amount by which the total cost would increase if we were to move that unit.
Using the Stepping Stone method, we can identify the following alternative optimal solution:
Des Moines Kansas City St. Louis
Jefferson City 20 10 0
Omaha 5 15 10
Supply:
Jefferson City: 30
Omaha: 20
Demand:
Des Moines: 25
Kansas City: 15
St. Louis: 10
Total Cost: $540
In this solution, we have moved one unit of supply from Jefferson City to St. Louis, and one unit of supply from St. Louis to Omaha. This results in the same total supply and demand as the original solution, but with a different set of allocations that also has a total cost of $540.
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Full Question ;
Consider the following network representation of a transportation problem: Des Moines 25 30 Jefferson City Kansas City 115 20 Omaha St. Louis 10 Supplies Demands The supplies, demands, and transportation costs per unit are shown on the network. The optimal (cost minimizing) distribution plan is given below. Des Moines Kansas City St.Louis Supply Jefferson City 20 10 30 Omaha 5 15 Demand | 25 15 10 Total Cost: $540. Find an alternative optimal solution for the above problem. If your answer is zero, enter "0". Des Moines Kansas City St.Louis Jefferson City 20 Do 100 Omaha 20 15 00 Total Cost: $ 540 .