One instance of using product implementations to gain a competitive advantage is developing a new product to boost margins. Hence, the statement is true.
Elaborate on competitive advantage.A corporation is said to have a competitive edge if it can create goods or services more quickly, cost-effectively, or both than its rivals. In terms of sales or margins, these elements give the producing unit an advantage over competitors. The factors that are believed to contribute to competitive advantages include cost structure, the quality of the product offerings, branding, the distribution system, intellectual property, and customer service, to name just a few.
Due to particular advantages or circumstances, a company and its stockholders can benefit more from competitive advantages. The more resilient the competitive advantage, the more challenging it is for rivals to counter it. Two main sub categories of competitive advantage are comparative advantage and differentiated advantage.
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\the campaign the brownstein group created for its client provided awareness and knowledge of the new product. this is an example of the model. a. hierarchy of effects b. advertising campaign c. carryover effects d. means-end chain
This campaign is an example of the model is carryover effects.
What is carryover effect?The transfer of undesired substance from one container or combination to another is referred to in clinical chemistry as the "carryover effect." The impact of one sample on a subsequent one is described. It might have come from a sample, reagent, or even the washing media. The importance of carry over is that even a tiny amount might produce inaccurate findings.
For clinical chemistry and immunochemistry analyzers, carryover experiments are frequently performed to assess and validate carryover effects. An automated analyzer's pipetting and washing systems are built to alternate between aspirating patient specimens and cleaning in a continuous cycle.
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on april 1, a company takes on an 18-month job and receives a $10,000 advance that is recorded in unearned revenue. if no adjusting entry is made at year-end, how will the financial statements be affected?
The company's financial statements should exaggerate liabilities and understate revenue if the year-end adjustment entry for unearned revenues is not made.
The liabilities in the book are larger than their true balance and the revenue value is lower than its true earned value as a result of the inability to record a year-end adjustment entry for unearned revenue.
Unearned revenue is defined as money received in advance but not yet used for the purchase of products or services.
Revenue should be understated if the entry is not made since it is not revenue but rather income that was received in advance, making it a liability for the corporation to provide the goods or services. Following the provision of products and services, the revenue will decrease the liability, and Income will be noted.
If the product or service isn't supplied within a year, the balance sheet records it as a long-term liability.
Before financial statements can be created, all account balances must be updated with adjusting entries. These modifications are the consequence of time passing or slight changes in account balances rather than actual events or transactions. Five different categories of adjusting entries
accrued income. An accumulated revenue adjustment must be made when revenue is generated in one accounting period but not recognized until a subsequent period.
accumulated costs
Deferred income.
prepaid costs.
expenditures for depreciation.
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american call and put premiums multiple choice should be no larger than their speculative value. should be at least as large as their intrinsic value. should be exactly equal to their time value. should be no larger than their intrinsic value.
Americans call and put premiums should be at least as large as their intrinsic value.
In finance, the intrinsic value of an asset usually refers to its value based on simplified assumptions. For example, the intrinsic value of an option is based on the current market value of the underlying asset, while ignoring possible future fluctuations and the time value of money
The intrinsic value of an asset is based on cash flows. Measure value. Market value indicates the price others are willing to pay for an asset, whereas intrinsic value indicates the value of an asset based on an analysis of its actual financial performance.
Intrinsic value is a way of describing the perceived or true value of an asset. This is not always the same as the current market price as the asset may be overvalued or undervalued. Intrinsic value is a common part of fundamental analysis that investors use to price stocks and options.
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how does the market system answer the following fundamental question: how will the goods and services be produced? multiple choice in combinations that take advantage of related markets. in ways that minimize the cost per unit of output. by using labor and capital accumulation. by using traditional methods of production.
The market system answers the fundamental question of how goods and services will be produced in ways that minimize the cost per unit of output.
What is market system?
This article requires more citations for verification. Please help this article by including citations to credible sources. Material that is unsourced might well be challenged and removed. A market system (or industry ecosystem) is any methodical process that allows many market participants to give and demand: facilitating buyer-seller interactions and transactions. It is not just the price mechanism that operates in a social context, but the entire system of regulation, qualifier, credentials, reputations, and clearing that surrounds it. Some authors use the phrase "market system" to refer to the free market system specifically. This article focuses on a more general meaning of the term, in which there are various market systems. Market systems are not the same as voting systems.
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g which comes closest to the future value of $825 to be received at the end of 5 years, if the amount earns an annual interest rate of 7% and is compounded 52 times per year?
The amount that will be paid at the end of five years for the future value of $825, if it yields 7% annual interest and is compounded 52 times a year, is $1,170.46.
Write a brief note on Compound interest.Compound interest, also known by the names of interest on principal and interest, is the practice of adding interest to the principal amount of a loan or deposit. In the fields of finance as well as economics, compound interest is common.
Compound interest allows interest to accumulate over time as opposed to simple interest, which does not compound because prior interest is not added to the principal for the current period.
To solve the question :
A = $1,170.46
A = P + I where,
P (Principal) = $825.00
I (Interest) = $345.46
To solve the question :
Converting R as a % to r as a decimal :
r = R/100
r = 7/100
r = 0.07 rate per year,
Then solve the equation for A
A = P(1 + r/n)nt
A = 825.00(1 + 0.07/52)(52)(5)
A = 825.00(1 + 0.0013461538461538)(260)
A = $1,170.46
Summary:
The total amount accrued, principal plus interest, with compound interest on a principal of $825.00 at a rate of 7% per year compounded 52 times per year over 5 years is $1,170.46.
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the first mncs or joint stock companies were out to make a profit, but more importantly served the needs of their home countries. what economic system, the most prominent commercial ideology in the 16th and 17th centuries, did these companies work under? mercantilist socialist capitalist
the economic system, the most prominent commercial ideology in the 16th and 17th centuries, these companies work under is mercantilist
The approach of mercantilism encourages a high level of export and a low level of import.
Governments utilized their economy to strengthen state authority at the expense of other nations in a process known as mercantilism. Governments wanted to build up their riches in the form of bullion and make sure that exports outpaced imports (mostly gold and silver).
Economic theory is founded on the conviction that:
1) The amount of accumulated wealth determines a country's prosperity, and
2) Government policies should encourage exports and discourage imports in order to increase wealth. (Lessen your reliance on foreign nations.)
a) The 16th and 17th centuries (the 1500s–1600s), when mercantilism was the dominant doctrine.
b) Establishment of joint stock corporations (British and Dutch East India Co.)
c) Import restrictions such as tariffs and quotas that safeguard domestic producers by limiting imports.
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4.43. you borrowed $12,000 to buy a new car from a bank at an interest rate of 9% compounded monthly. this loan will be repaid in 48 equal monthly installments over four years. immediately after the 20th payment, you desire to pay the remainder of the loan in a single payment. compute this lump-sum amount.
The 20th monthly payment the remainder of the loan can be paid in the entirety by a lump-sum payment of $7,521.09. Here, is the attached solution.
What Is an Equated Monthly Installment (EMI)?
Equivalent monthly instalments (EMIs) are fixed payments made by a borrower to a lender on a particular day each month. In order to pay off the loan in full over a predetermined number of years, equal monthly instalments are applied to the principal as well as interest each month.
The borrower pays regular periodic payments to the lender over a number of years to pay off the loan in the most popular loan forms, including mortgages on real estate, vehicle loans, and student loans.
A borrower makes a set payment to a lender on a specific day each month known as an equated monthly instalment (EMI).
Every month, EMIs are used to pay both interest and principle, reducing the loan's balance over a certain amount of time.
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when an organization deliberately prices a product above the prices set for competing products, to entice those customers for whom pricing doesn't matter, the firm is engaging in
A pricing strategy known as predatory pricing is undercutting the competition for an extended period of time in order to drive them out of the market. Other providers are forced to leave the market because they are unable to compete when prices are set below costs.
Predatory Pricing: What Is It?Setting prices artificially low in an effort to drive out competitors is known as predatory pricing.Antitrust rules are broken by predatory pricing because it leaves markets more open to monopolies. However, accusations of this technique can be challenging to prove because defendants may be successful in arguing that price reductions are a natural result of competition rather than a calculated effort to weaken the market. Furthermore, due to the challenges in recovering lost revenue and effectively removing competitors, predatory pricing doesn't always achieve its purpose.The practice of predatory pricing involves a vendor setting a price so low that other suppliers are unable to compete and are compelled to leave the market. When a business does this, it first loses money, but over time, it gains because it eliminates rivals from the market and may raise prices once more.To Learn more About pricing strategy refer to:
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fieldman corp. obtained the following information from its accounting records: sales $35,000 beginning finished goods inventory $12,000 ending finished goods inventory $9,000 cost of goods sold $20,000 the cost of goods manufactured this period equals:
The cost of the commodities produced over this time period is $17,000.
The entire manufacturing expenses for items that are completed during a certain accounting period are the cost of goods manufactured. These expenses cover the direct labor, direct materials, and manufacturing overhead for the goods that are moved from the production line to the completed goods stock.
Finished goods, beginning inventory = $12,000
Less Finished goods, ending inventory = $9,000
Cost of goods sold = $20,000
Cost of Products Offered for Sale = Expense for Goods Sold + Finished Goods Inventory Closing
= $20,000 + $9,000
= $29,000
Cost of Producing Goods = Price of Goods Available for Sale - Initial Inventory of Finished Goods
= $29,000 - $12,000
= $17,000
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In order for the people to take a fresh look at its brand, the american red cross used a ________ strategy.
In order for the people to take a fresh look at its brand, the American red cross used a brand revitalization strategy
Define brand revitalization strategy.When a product enters the maturity stage of its life cycle and profits have significantly declined, a brand revitalization marketing plan is used. It is an effort to reintroduce the product to the market and protect the customers who are the sources of equity. In a cutthroat industry, brand rejuvenation aids in shattering stereotypes and luring in the intended clientele.
Brand revival is required to address specific problems that damage the company's reputation or frighten customers or employees. It is a marketing tactic that is typically employed when a product reaches the PLC maturity stage and profits begin to rapidly decline as the market becomes saturated. Compared to the introduction of a fully new brand or product, it is less expensive and hazardous.
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which of the following would most likely have caused the production possibilities frontier to shift outward from a to b? group of answer choices a decrease in unemployment a technological advance in the consumer goods industries a general technological advance an increase in the availability of capital-producing resources
General technological advance is most likely to cause the production possibilities frontier to shift outward from a to b.
Technology has always been vital for organisations, but in recent years, that importance has increased significantly. By definition, technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge, and it is obvious that in order for businesses to remain competitive, they must adopt new technologies. The importance of new technology for organisations can be attributed to a number of factors. First, firms can improve their production and efficiency by utilising modern technologies. This is so that workers may concentrate on other duties because new technologies sometimes automate operations that were previously performed manually. Additionally, by lowering their dependency on costly manual labour, new technology can assist firms in saving money. Finally, firms can frequently access new markets and clients thanks to new technologies.
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if marginal cost is equal to average total cost, then: a marginal cost is increasing. b average variable cost is decreasing. c average total cost is at its maximum. d average total cost is increasing. e average total cost is at its minimum.
if the marginal cost is equal to the average total cost, then the average total cost is at its minimum.
The marginal cost in economics is the difference in total cost that results from increasing the quantity produced, or the price of producing more.
The term "marginal cost" describes the rise or fall in price associated with producing or providing services to an additional consumer. It also goes by the name incremental cost.
The marginal cost is lower than the average cost as the average cost drops. The marginal cost is higher than the average cost when the average cost rises. The marginal cost is equal to the average cost when the average cost remains constant (at a minimum or maximum).
Unit costs and productivity are summarized by the average cost curves. The productivity curves' mirror images are the cost curves. ATC = (VC + FC) /TP. When average cost curves are falling, the marginal cost (MC) curve is below them; conversely, when they are rising, it is above them.
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what does fob shipping point mean? multiple choice question. goods are owned by the buyer when they leave the seller's place of business. goods are owned by the buyer as soon as they arrive at the buyer's place of business. goods are owned by the buyer as soon as the sales contract is signed.
A) When goods leave the seller's place of business, the buyer acquires ownership of them.
What is the FOB shipping point?"Free on board" is referred to as FOB in shipping. If a shipment is marked FOB (the seller's location), the seller records the sale as complete as soon as the shipment of goods leaves the seller's warehouse.
The products are the buyer's property while they are being delivered to its warehouse, and any delivery fees are the buyer's responsibility. Additionally, since the shipment became the buyer's responsibility right away, the buyer, and not the seller, must submit any claims for reimbursement if a pallet of jewelry is lost or damaged during shipment.
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according to the company's records, the conversion cost in beginning work in process inventory was $15,660 at the beginning of september. additional conversion costs of $526,524 were incurred in the department during the month. the cost per equivalent unit for conversion costs for september is closest to: (round off to three decimal places.)
WIP, or "work in progress," is a supply chain management phrase used to explain the costs of incomplete goods in the production process. As previously indicated, the term "work-in-progress" is occasionally used to describe assets that will take a long time to complete.
Answer: $0.873
Process of Starting Work 18,000. During the month, manufacture of more units began. 81,000 Less at the end work being done (17,000) and finished and moved-out units for the month 82,000. Moved on to the following department 82,000. Add finishing up 13,600 of the 17,00 units that are 80% complete. 95,600 equivalent units of output. Starting a current project will cost $15,264. Cost additions made during the time 68,208
Cost in full: $83,472
$95,600 in equivalent units of production
$83,472/$95,600 = $0.873 for the total units/equivalent units of production.
The balance in WIP refers to total production costs incurred for partially completed goods. WIP is a concept used to characterize the flow of manufacturing costs from one area of production to another.
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a receipt issued at the time of application upon the payment of premium that provides coverage effective as of the date of the application or medical exam, as long as the policy is issued as applied, is referred to as a:
Life, health, and some types of property insurance contracts include a conditional receipt; if the insured is thought to be covered by the insurer, coverage starts on the day the insured receives the conditional receipt.
What is Conditional Receipt?
Contracts for life, health, and specific types of property insurance include a conditional binding receipt.When the insured receives the conditional binding receipt, if the insurer determines they are covered, coverage starts.Without a conditional binding receipt, a life and health insurance policy is not valid until it is delivered to the insured and the payment is paid.A conditional receipt and a binding receipt can serve the same purpose as a conditional binding receipt, although they serve different purposes.A conditional binding receipt stipulates that coverage will be in effect from the date of application or medical examination if a premium is submitted with the application, as long as the insurer would have granted the coverage based on the premium.To know more about Conditional Receipt visit:
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an off-shore windfarm is likely coming to north carolina, and beachfront property owners are concerned about potential property value impacts. to monetize these impacts, one could use the nonmarket valuation technique. select one: a. averting behavior. b. travel cost. c. hedonic. d. contingent valuation.
One could use the hedonic non-market valuation technique to monetize the impacts on property value.
What does monetize mean?Monetization is described as a method through which something is converted into an asset that can generate money.
The hedonic non-market valuation technique is described as a non-market value evaluation method. It attempts to segregate the impact of the non-market features like noise pollution, nearness of properties to beaches, and nearness to a landfill area on an asset or any property.
It can e concluded that one could use the hedonic non-market valuation technique to monetize the impacts on property value.
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which of the following is true of optional-product pricing? it involves capitalizing on low value by-products. it involves pricing products that can be added to the base product. it is used to price a company's main product. it involves setting geographically-specific prices. it is used to price products that must be used with the company's main product.
The pricing of alternative products comprises priced items that can be added to the base item.
An alternative pricing system, which differs from individual price marking in that it frees the store from the obligation for individual price marking, is one that is intended to inform consumers of the price of specific products.
Optional-product planning is a pricing strategy in which the producer entices customers by offering a low price that occasionally even falls below their cost price. However, these goods cannot be properly employed on their own or in their current form. They need accouterments.
The business anticipates making up the loss here. They attempt to recover the cost when you purchase the accessories after charging a low price for the primary product. Printers and ink would be an example. The accessories must be priced so that the business avoids losses because this is a risky manner of marketing.
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a state government establishes an investment pool and invites local governments to participate. it is not governed by a formal trust agreement. which fund of the state government would report balances contributed by the local governments?
The custodial fund of the state government would report balances contributed by the local governments.
Fiduciary operations that are not required to be recorded in pension (and another employee benefit) trust funds or private-purpose trust funds are reported using custodial funds. In contrast to a Private Purpose Trust fund, Custodial Funds do not have a formal trust agreement.
Custodial funds are sums that a government holds on behalf of another government in order to bill and collect taxes and/or fees. The inflow and outflow of these collections have often been recorded in a general fund or agency fund's balance sheet accounts.
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answer the question on the basis of the following total utility data for products l and m. assume that the prices of l and m are $3 and $4, respectively, and that the consumer's income is $25 units of l total utility units of m total utility 1 9 1 16 2 15 2 28 3 18 3 36 4 20 4 40 5 21 5 42 what level of total utility does the rational consumer realize in equilibrium?
A situation in which opposing forces are acting in balance or at rest. equitable distribution of all forces, effects, etc.; equal impact. emotional or mental equilibrium; equanimity: She lost it under the burden of the circumstances.
Explain about the equilibrium?The Latin term libra, which meaning weight or balance, is the origin of the word equilibrium. Several instances of equilibrium include: a book that is open and at rest. a vehicle that is going steadily. a chemical process where both the forward and backward rates of reaction are equal.
Equilibrium is essential for a market to be both efficient and balanced. A market cannot move away from its equilibrium price and quantity since it is maintaining a balance between the quantities provided and demanded.
All buyers and sellers are pleased once the market reaches equilibrium, and there is no longer any upward or downward pressure on the price.
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knowing that even the most sophisticated techniques of analysis cannot make up for poor data, the researcher must attempt, however, to choose a survey method that achieves the client's budget restrictions and resources. true false
This Statement is False.
Working with algorithms, mathematical analysis tools, and software are frequently used in quantitative data analysis methodologies to modify data and unearth insights that show the commercial value.
The 5 methods for performing statistical analysis
Mean.Standard deviation. Regression.Hypothesis testing.Sample size determination.1. Mean: By dividing the sum of the all numbers of in the given data set by the entire number of numbers.
2. Standard deviation: The degree of data dispersion from the mean is indicated by the standard deviation.
3. Regression: A dependent variable is connected to one or more independent variables using the statistical method of regression.
4. Hypothesis testing: A type of statistical inference known as hypothesis testing uses data from a sample to make inferences about a population parameter or population probability distribution.
5. Sample size determination: A type of statistical inference known as hypothesis testing uses data from a sample to make inferences about a population parameter or population probability distribution.
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assume that when tristan made the agreement with the pr firm, he failed to read the agreement closely. instead of agreeing to a one-time payment of $20,000, tristan actually agreed to monthly payments for $20,000 over the course of the next year. if a court upholds the contract as being valid, could vlad and lea's personal assets be at risk if it is determined they are partners?
In the event that the partnership's assets are insufficient to pay the obligation, they may indeed be held personally accountable. Personal assets are valuable possessions that are owned by an individual. Examples of such tangible personal possessions abound. Homes, real estate, automobiles, and jewelry are a few of these.
Any other item with a cash worth can likewise be considered a personal asset. Such personal assets and their values are frequently taken into account when people go to a bank or other institution to seek for loans. Liabilities are listed on a company's balance sheet.
The financial obligations of a firm are described as liabilities in accounting. The accounting equation states that the total amount of liabilities must match the difference between the total amount of assets and the entire amount of liabilities.
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a person has $3000 to deposit in a financial institution. assuming all options were offered by the same institution, which account is likely to have the lowest interest rate or pay no interest at all? savings account checking account money market account three-year certificate of deposit
The account that is likely to pay the least interest rate will be the Checking Account. So, Option B is the correct answer.
A Checking Account is a type of bank account that allows easily deposit of funds and withdrawal of money easily. The funds can be deposited using cheques and withdrawn easily using a debit card or setting up direct deposits. These types of accounts are mostly liquid bank accounts.
The funds are accessible easily. And there is unlimited withdrawal and deposits but have a limit set for daily transaction. The primary use of these types of accounts is to hold money in a safe place for a short period of time and then it can be easily accessible when needed.
A checking account generally provides a lower interest rate as compared to a savings, money market, or certificate of deposit, and therefore checking accounts should not be used for a long-term investment.
Hence, Option B is the correct answer.
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on january 1, 2024, the shagri company began construction on a new manufacturing facility for its own use. the building was completed in 2025. the only interest-bearing debt the company had outstanding during 2024 was long-term bonds with a book value of $11,000,000 and an effective interest rate of 8%. construction expenditures incurred during 2024 were as follows: january 1$ 600,000 march 1660,000 july 31540,000 september 30700,000 december 31400,000 required: calculate the amount of interest capitalized for 2024.
The amount of interest capitalized for 2021 is $ 112,000.
If the question clarity is as in the explanation below.
Let's assume that $500,000 on January 1 equals $500,000 in spending.
and March 1600 means that the spending for March 1 is $ 600,000.
& July 31480,000 indicates that the spending for July 31 is $ 480,000.
& September 30600,000 denotes a $ 600,000 expenditure on September 30. December 31.
300,000 meaning the expense as of December 31 is $ 300,000.
Then use the IAS 23 borrowing cost principle for single funding with periodic withdrawal to get the cost capitalised;
Five hundred thousand dollars were drawn down on January 1.
(8% times $500,00x12/12) Equals $40,00 in borrowing costs
Six hundred thousand dollars were taken out on March 1.
(8% × 600,000 X 11/12) = $44,000 in borrowing costs
Four hundred eighty thousand dollars were taken out on July 31.
(8% x 480,00 X 5/12) = $16,000 in borrowing costs
Six hundred thousand dollars were taken in on September 30.
(8% x 600,000 X 3/12) = $12,000 in borrowing costs
Dec. 1 brought in $300,000.
(8% x 300,000 X 0/12) Equals $0 in borrowing costs
$112,000 will be the total capitalised interest in 2021.
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high-volume purchases that are important to your operations would be considered what kind of buy? a. routine b. critical c. leverage d bottleneck e. none of the above
high-volume purchases that are important to your operations would be considered as critical buy.
What are the kinds of buy?There are four different forms of consumer behavior: complex buying behavior, dissonance reduction, variety seeking, and habitual buying behavior. There are three different corporate purchasing scenarios to take into account. They are new buy, modified rebuy, and direct rebuy. First, it's important to recognize that there are three primary categories of consumers: average spenders, spendthrifts, and tightwads. The labels are probably sufficient explanation, but let me to delve a little deeper so you can see how these three buyer types might affect your marketing strategies.There are five fundamental steps in the decision-making process for consumers. Consumers use this technique to weigh their options before making a purchase. Problem identification, information search, alternative assessment, buy decision, and post-purchase evaluation are the five steps.To learn more about critical buy refer to:
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if keynes' law applies during economic contractions and say's law applies during economic expansion, how will the three goals of macroeconomics be affected?:principles of macroeconomics
If Keynes's law applies during economic contractions and Say's law applies during economic expansion, the way in which the three goals of macroeconomics would be affected is that: trade-offs and connections may differ in the short run and the long run.
What is macroeconomics?Macroeconomics can be defined as a study of all the behaviors, performances, and factors that affect the entire economy. This ultimately implies that, macroeconomics typically focuses on aggregate phenomena such as the following:
Gross Domestic Product (GDP).InflationPrice levelEconomic growth.According to the law established by John Maynard Keynes, demand is an economic factor which creates its own supply. Additionally, the way in which the three (3) goals of macroeconomics would be affected are as follows:
Trade-offs may differ in the short run. Connections may differ in the short run.Connections may differ in the long run.Trade-offs may differ in the long run.Read more on macroeconomics here: https://brainly.com/question/29035217
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Complete Question:
If Keynes's law applies during economic contractions and Say's law applies during economic expansion, how will the three goals of macroeconomics be affected?
determinates of total supply for the economy will be traded-off
trade-offs and connections may differ in the short run and the long run
institutional and market structures will connect factors of production
the economy will face genuine limits to how much can be produced
volker company signs a 3-month, $10,000 note. stated interest rate is 12% payable at the maturity date. interest incurred on the note is: multiple choice question.
Volker Company agrees to a three-month, $10,000 note. The stated interest rate is 12%, payable at maturity. The interest on the note is $300, calculated as $10,000 x 0.12 x 3/12.
An interest rate is the rate at which interest is charged by a lender, typically expressed as a percentage of the principal loan amount. Interest rates can be fixed or variable, and they can vary based on the type of loan, the term of the loan, and what is payable.
The interest rate maturity is the amount of time that interest rates will remain fixed on a loan. The maturity can be any length of time, but is typically five to seven years for most loans.
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a bank lends money for a year at an interest rate of 7%, and the inflation rate for that year turns out to be 5%. what is the bank's real rate of return for that year?
In a market without prices, where goods are allocated by a central planner, which is likely to happen?.
In a market without prices, where goods are allocated by a central planner, then the prices will be centralized which will benefit the consumer.
In a free-market economy, assets are apportioned by costs. In this way, a showcase economy is self-regulating, permitting real-time coordination over millions of products and administrations, without any central authority knowing and setting all the costs.
The foremost clear way to designate assets over an economy is for a central authority to choose what to do. In a medieval economy, the ruler tells individuals what to develop and how to offer it.
The Soviet Union worked essentially, with the government deciding how much steel to deliver in Bulgaria and how much wheat to be developed in Ukraine.
These exchange costs have swell impacts all through the economy, with one cost in one division being transmitted to related divisions consequently, without passing through any central specialist. These costs decide how much of each asset gets utilized where.
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an assembly line requires two components: gadjits and widjits. gadjits are produced by center 1 and widjits are produced by center 2. each unit of the end item, called a jit-together, requires 3 gadjits and 2 widjits. the daily production quota on the assembly line is 900 jit-togethers. the container for gadjits holds 90 units. the policy variable for center 1 is set at 0.04. the average waiting time for a container of gadjits is 0.07 day, and 0.07 day is needed to produce a container. the container for widjits holds 50 units, and the policy variable for center 2 is 0.07. the average waiting time per container of widjits is 0.12 day, and the time required to process a container is 0.26 day. how many containers are needed for gadjits? and how many containers are needed for widjits?
Policy variable - For (A) we need 5 containers and for (B) 15 containers are needed for gadjits and widjits.
Now, we can use the formula for N to answer a. and b.
A) N = 850*3*(0.08+0.05)*(1+0.05)/75 = 4.64 or 5 containers (round to next whole number)
B) N = 850*2*(0.15+0.19)*(1+0.09)/45 = 14.00044 or 15 containers (round to next whole number)
What is Policy variable?
A policy variable is the variable that, in theory, might be fixed as an independent factor by a policymaking actor (the government), but is instead set based on known economic conditions. The best-known example under existing institutional structures is the brief policy rate. A central bank might set the policy rate at the a fixed value (e.g., 0%) in perpetuity, but the common practise is for a committee to decide the rate at periodic meetings. (There were historical instances when policy rates were practically fixed, notably as during and soon after World War II in the United States.) It should be noted that even when the policy rate is fixed, there could be risk-free products traded whose interest rates deviate from those targets.
Number of containers = N = D*T*(1+A)/C
Here,
D = demand. Given that total demand is 850. The demand for gadjits is 850*3 and widjits is 850*2
T = cycle time. The cycle time for gadjits is 0.08 + 0.05 day. Similarly the cycle time for widjits is 0.15 + 0.19 day.
A = allowance for error. In this case gadjits has policy allowance of 0.05 and widjit has 0.09
C = capacity. The capacity for gadjits is 75 units and for widjits is 45 units
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based on the weight of the consumer price index (cpi), the price of rental housing increases by 15 percent and that of owned housing by 5 percent. during the same year, the price of gasoline falls by 22 percent. we can say that
It is anticipated that the CPI would increase during the mentioned year, assuming all other variables remained same.
The month change in prices paid by American consumers is tracked by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The CPI is calculated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) as a weighted sum of prices for a selection of products and services that is indicative of total consumer spending in the United States. One of the most widely used indicators of deflation and inflation is the CPI. In contrast to the producer price index (PPI), which tracks changes in the prices paid to American producers of goods and services, the CPI report employs a different questionnaire technique, price samples, and index weights.
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