describe the five major tax reform bills enacted since 1980

The "Blood Countess" Elizabeth Bathory was a Hungarian noblewoman who flourished in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.

She is notorious for supposedly torturing and killing hundreds of young girls, so she may take baths in their blood in an effort to stay young and attractive. It's a complicated question, and viewpoints on whether Bathory was a victim or a monster range greatly.

Some contend that Bathory was a victim of her own circumstances, which is one side of the argument. She was born into a nasty aristocratic household, and it's possible that her parents mistreated her when she was a little child.

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The list that reflects some of the characteristics of African art from different cultures is Geometric forms, natural materials, and very realistic expressions. The correct answer is option b.

African art often incorporates geometric forms, such as abstract patterns and shapes, in its designs. It also frequently utilizes natural materials like wood, clay, or stone in the creation of artworks. Additionally, African art is known for its realistic expressions, particularly in sculptures and masks that capture human emotions and facial features with great detail and accuracy.

While other elements mentioned in the provided options, such as fractured surfaces, dissonant colors, carefully observed facial features, and objects covered with shells and bark, can be found in certain African art forms, they are not as universally characteristic across different cultures and styles of African art as the elements of geometric forms, natural materials, and very realistic expressions.

The correct answer is option b.

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Complete question

African art from different cultures shares some characteristics of style. Choose the list that reflect some of those elements.

a. Geometric forms, fractured surfaces, dissonant colors

b. Geometric forms, natural materials and very realistic expressions

c. Carefully observed facial features and objects covered with shells and bark

d. Rounded shapes and surfaces finished to resemble nature

Out of the given options, none of the actions taken by Justinian directly led to the decline of the Byzantine Empire. However, some historians argue that Justinian's costly military campaigns, such as the reconquest of Italy and North Africa, drained the empire's resources and weakened its military power.

Additionally, Justinian's building projects, such as the Hagia Sophia, were incredibly expensive and may have contributed to financial strain on the empire. Furthermore, Justinian's codification of Roman law was a positive step in terms of legal reform, but it did little to address the economic, military, and political challenges facing the Byzantine Empire.

Overall, while Justinian's reign was a period of great achievement and cultural richness, it did not significantly improve the empire's long-term prospects and may have even hastened its eventual decline.

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Answer: True

Explanation:

Republican economic policies strongly favored the interests of northern industrialists. Gilded Age reformers feared that with lower-class groups seeking to use government to advance their own interests, democracy was becoming a threat to individual liberty and to the rights of property.

The correct option is A) They would be freed if they helped the colonial cause. Virginia governor Lord Dunmore promised slaves in 1775 that they would be freed if they fought for the British and helped the colonial cause.

In 1775, Virginia Governor Lord Dunmore made a promise to slaves.

The promise was that they would be freed if they assisted and supported the colonial cause.

This meant that if the slaves fought for the British and helped in the fight against the rebel colonists, they would be granted their freedom.

The promise was made as part of Dunmore's strategy to strengthen the British forces and weaken the colonial rebellion.

Lord Dunmore's promise was specific to slaves who took active measures to aid the British and support the restoration of royal authority over the rebellious colonists.

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Answer:

here is a paragraph that should sum it up

Explanation:

Geography played a major role in Germany's war plans. Germany's strategic plan was heavily influenced by the geography of Europe, with an emphasis on the importance of Germany's position in the center of the continent. Germany sought to increase its power by dominating the resources and territory of those countries located near it. Germany's plans for expansion included the invasion of the Soviet Union and the countries of the Balkans. Germany's geographic position allowed it to easily move troops and resources between the various countries it sought to control. Germany's geographic position also allowed it to quickly move troops to the Western Front when necessary. The geography of Europe was also important in Germany's strategy of blitzkrieg, which relied on fast movement and surprise to quickly overwhelm opposing forces.

Geography played a significant role in Germany's war plans during both World War I and World War II. Germany's central location in Europe presented challenges, as it was surrounded by potential adversaries. To address this issue, Germany developed the Schlieffen Plan in WWI and the Blitzkrieg strategy in WWII.

The Schlieffen Plan aimed to swiftly defeat France on the Western Front before focusing on Russia to the east. This plan took advantage of Germany's border with France and the flat terrain of Belgium, which provided easier access for a rapid invasion.

In WWII, the Blitzkrieg strategy involved using fast-moving armored units and air support to quickly penetrate enemy lines, encircle and destroy opposing forces, and occupy key territory. Germany's central location allowed for efficient mobilization and deployment of troops in various directions.

Additionally, Germany's access to resources such as coal, iron, and steel played a role in its war plans, as these materials were crucial for building and maintaining military equipment.

In summary, geography played a critical role in Germany's war plans by influencing strategies like the Schlieffen Plan and Blitzkrieg, and by providing access to resources necessary for waging war. Germany's central position in Europe presented both opportunities and challenges that shaped its military strategies.

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Osiris judged whether or not souls were worthy of immortality by: weighing their hearts against the feather of Ma'at.

In ancient Egyptian mythology, Osiris was the god of the afterlife, and he played a crucial role in determining the fate of the deceased. The process involved the deceased's heart being placed on a scale, and if their heart was lighter than the feather of Ma'at, which symbolized truth and justice, they were considered worthy of immortality and could proceed to the afterlife.

On the other hand, if their heart was heavier than the feather, it meant that the individual had led a life of sin and their soul would be devoured by the goddess Ammit, resulting in their complete annihilation. This judgment process, known as the "Weighing of the Heart," was part of the larger concept of the afterlife in ancient Egyptian beliefs, and served as a moral compass, emphasizing the importance of living a righteous life to attain immortality.

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One important achievement of Emperor Hadrian was the construction of Hadrian's Wall in northern Britannia (modern-day United Kingdom).

Hadrian's Wall was a defensive fortification built during the Roman Empire, stretching across approximately 80 Roman miles (73 miles or 117 kilometers). The wall marked the northernmost boundary of the Roman Empire and served as a defensive barrier against incursions from the north.

Hadrian's Wall was not only a military structure but also a symbol of Roman power and control. It consisted of a stone wall with fortresses, milecastles, and watchtowers along its length. The wall provided security and facilitated the regulation of trade and movement within the empire.

Hadrian's Wall is considered a remarkable engineering feat, showcasing the Roman Empire's ability to construct grand infrastructure projects. It remains a significant archaeological and historical site, attracting visitors from around the world and providing insights into Roman military strategies and the expansion of the empire.

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William Congreve is noted for his work in playwriting and poetry.

William Congreve was a prominent English playwright and poet who is noted for his work in Restoration comedy. He was born in 1670 and wrote some of the most famous plays of the late 17th and early 18th centuries, including "The Way of the World," "Love for Love," and "The Mourning Bride." Congreve's plays were known for their wit, sophisticated dialogue, and social commentary, and he was considered one of the leading playwrights of his time. In addition to his plays, Congreve also wrote poetry and was a respected literary critic. His work has had a lasting impact on English literature and has been studied and performed for centuries.

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The first large group of German immigrants moved to America seeking religious tolerance.

German immigrants began coming to America in significant numbers in the late 17th century, and the first large group arrived in Pennsylvania seeking religious freedom. They were primarily members of Protestant sects such as the Mennonites, Amish, and Quakers, who were persecuted in Germany and sought a new home in America where they could practice their faith without fear of persecution. Pennsylvania was a particularly attractive destination for them because its founder, William Penn, had promised religious freedom and tolerance to all who settled there.

The German immigrants contributed significantly to the growth and development of Pennsylvania, and their cultural heritage can still be seen in many aspects of life in the state today.

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In return for protecting the pope, Otto I was crowned Roman emperor. The correct answer is option b.

In return for protecting the pope, Otto I, the King of Germany, was crowned Roman emperor by Pope John XII in 962 CE.

This event is known as the "Ottonian Renaissance" and marked the revival of the title of Roman emperor in Western Europe after a period of absence since the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE. Otto I's coronation established the Holy Roman Empire, which became a significant political and religious power in medieval Europe.

The alliance between Otto I and the papacy strengthened the influence of both the German rulers and the Catholic Church in the region.

The correct answer is option b.

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It is difficult to punish transgressors someone who violates a law or moral code.

The question lacks context so the answer is written in a genralise manner.

Punishing offenders, those who break the law or moral principles may be a difficult and complicated undertaking. Finding those who have violated the law and accumulating adequate proof of their crime can be difficult. To prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, investigations, witness testimony, and forensic evidence are frequently needed.

The legal system normally follows a number of procedural procedures, such as the presumption of innocence, investigations, due process, and fair trials. These procedures guarantee the defense of the victim's rights as well as those of the accused.

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Answer:

Hi there

D. Benito Mussolini

hope this helps :) !!!

Charles Darwin, the famous naturalist and biologist, spent a significant amount of time exploring the continent of "South America." This journey was part of the second survey expedition of HMS Beagle, which lasted from 1831 to 1836. During this expedition, Darwin was able to gather evidence and observations that would later contribute to his theory of evolution by natural selection.

The primary purpose of the voyage was to chart the South American coastline and gather scientific data. Darwin's role during the expedition was to study the geology, flora, and fauna of the region. He spent approximately five years exploring various parts of the continent, including Brazil, Argentina, and the Galápagos Islands.

Overall, Darwin's explorations in South America were instrumental in shaping his understanding of the natural world and laying the foundation for his groundbreaking theories on evolution and natural selection.

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Answer:

The issue that held the unwieldy Republican coalition together was opposition to slavery's expansion in western territories. The Republican Party was founded in the 1850s on a platform that opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories and states. This was a unifying issue for the party, which brought together a diverse coalition of anti-slavery activists, northern business interests, and western farmers who were opposed to the spread of slavery. The party's opposition to slavery's expansion ultimately helped to fuel the sectional tensions that led to the Civil War.

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The issue that held the unwieldy Republican coalition together was Opposition to slavery's expansion in western territories. The correct answer is option d.

The  was formed in the 1850s as an anti-slavery party, with the primary goal of preventing the expansion of slavery into new territories.

This was a unifying issue that brought together various factions within the party, including abolitionists, Free-Soilers, and other anti-slavery advocates. By opposing the spread of slavery, the Republican Party aimed to protect the rights of free labor and promote the idea of a free society.

This issue played a significant role in shaping the party's platform and coalition, ultimately leading to the election of Abraham Lincoln as the first Republican president in 1860.

The correct answer is option d.

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In the context of Thomas Hobbes's political philosophy, his statement about the worth of a soldier in different circumstances highlights the subjective nature of human value and the role of external conditions in determining that value.

Hobbes argues that during times of war, when there is a heightened demand for military strength and protection, a soldier becomes invaluable and acquires a "great Price." The soldier's skills, courage, and ability to defend are highly sought after, making their worth rise significantly.

However, in times of peace, when the need for military force diminishes, the soldier's value decreases accordingly. Without the immediate threat of conflict, the demand for their specialized skills and services declines, leading to a diminished worth. Hobbes suggests that the worth of individuals is contingent upon the prevailing circumstances and the demands of society.

This example highlights Hobbes's overall view that human value is not inherent but rather socially constructed and context-dependent. It reflects his understanding that the worth of individuals can fluctuate based on the specific needs and conditions of a given society.

Hobbes's emphasis on the impact of changing circumstances on the worth of soldiers serves to illustrate the malleability and subjective nature of human value within his broader philosophical framework.

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Answer: Kuwait and Iraq suffered enormous damage, and Saddam Hussein was not forced from power.

Explanation: In all, an estimated 8,000 to 10,000 Iraqi forces were killed, in comparison with only 300 coalition troops. Though the Gulf War was recognized as a decisive victory for the coalition,

Answer:

In this case, the Supreme Court held that school officials have the authority to regulate the content of school-sponsored activities, including student newspapers, as long as their actions are reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical concerns. The Court emphasized the need for schools to have control over the educational environment and to be able to teach students responsible journalism without fear of disruption or harm to the school's reputation.

While some argue that the decision restricts the First Amendment rights of students and limits the free expression of ideas, others believe that it is important for schools to have a degree of control over student publications to prevent the dissemination of harmful or inappropriate material. Ultimately, the decision strikes a balance between the need for schools to maintain an orderly educational environment and the rights of students to express themselves.

In conclusion, whether one agrees or disagrees with the Court's decision in Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier may depend on their interpretation of the First Amendment and the role of schools in regulating student publications.

Early French socialists focused on A) Workers' revolutions.

During the 19th century in France, early socialists such as Louis Blanc and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon advocated for workers' rights and envisioned a society in which workers would have greater control over their labor and the means of production. They believed that workers should unite and organize themselves to challenge the prevailing capitalist system through revolutionary means.

These early French socialists aimed to address the socio-economic inequalities and exploitative conditions faced by the working class, often advocating for the establishment of worker cooperatives, collective ownership, and the redistribution of wealth. Their focus was primarily on the empowerment and liberation of the working class through revolutionary action.

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Dolores Huerta played a pivotal role in advancing civil rights through her tireless activism and advocacy for the rights of farmworkers and marginalized communities.

As a co-founder of the United Farm Workers (UFW) alongside Cesar Chavez, Huerta organized labor strikes, boycotts, and grassroots campaigns to demand fair wages, improved working conditions, and better treatment for farmworkers. Huerta's contributions to civil rights extend beyond labor activism. She fought for gender equality, recognizing the intersectionality of race and gender in the struggles faced by women of color. Huerta was instrumental in mobilizing Latina women to participate in social and political movements, empowering them to challenge discriminatory practices and advocate for their rights.

Through her efforts, Huerta brought attention to the injustices faced by farmworkers and helped elevate their voices. Her work inspired a generation of activists and served as a catalyst for change within the labor movement and the broader civil rights movement. Huerta's dedication and leadership have left a lasting impact on civil rights, particularly in the fight for social and economic justice for marginalized communities.

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Montesquieu's statement is most directly related to the principle of c) separation of powers. Hence option c) is the correct answer.

This principle advocates for the division of powers among different branches of government, such as the legislative, executive, and judiciary, to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful and potentially abusing their authority. Montesquieu believed that this separation was necessary for maintaining liberty and preventing tyranny.

Therefore, his statement emphasizes the importance of the separation of powers as a fundamental principle of government.

Montesquieu's statement is most directly related to the principle of government known as "c. separation of powers." Montesquieu believed that dividing the powers of government among different branches helps prevent any single branch from becoming too powerful, thus ensuring a balanced and effective government system.

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The two prominent men who were not present at the Constitutional Convention were Thomas Jefferson and John Adams (option a).

While both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams were influential figures during the American Revolutionary period and contributed significantly to the formation of the United States, they were not in attendance at the Constitutional Convention held in Philadelphia in 1787. Thomas Jefferson was serving as the United States Minister to France during that time, while John Adams was fulfilling his duties as the United States Minister to Great Britain. Their absence at the Constitutional Convention meant that they did not directly participate in the drafting and formation of the United States Constitution. However, both Jefferson and Adams had profound impacts on the shaping of American democracy through their subsequent roles in politics, including serving as presidents of the United States.

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The main comparison developed in Sonnet 18 is between the subject of the poem (presumably a person or object of beauty) and the beauty of nature.

The speaker uses vivid imagery to describe the beauty of the subject, such as "Thou art more lovely and more temperate," and then compares this to the beauty of nature, stating that even though the "rough winds do shake the darling buds of May," the subject's beauty will not fade or diminish.

The speaker ultimately argues that the subject's beauty is even more lasting and eternal than the beauty found in nature. Overall, the comparison between the subject and nature serves to highlight the subject's exceptional beauty and to celebrate its timelessness.

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The purpose of President Truman's Point IV Program was to provide technical assistance and resources to underdeveloped countries.

Introduced in 1949 during Truman's inaugural address, the program aimed to support economic and social development in these nations, particularly in areas such as agriculture, public health, education, and infrastructure.

Truman's Point IV Program was based on the belief that promoting development and stability in underdeveloped countries would not only benefit those nations but also contribute to global peace and security. The program emphasized the importance of providing technical expertise, knowledge transfer, and resources to help these countries build their capacities and improve their standards of living.

Through the Point IV Program, the United States offered various forms of assistance, including sending experts and advisers, providing training programs, supplying agricultural equipment and resources, and supporting infrastructure development projects. The program aimed to foster self-sufficiency and economic growth, helping recipient countries become more prosperous and stable.

Truman's Point IV Program was part of the broader U.S. foreign policy strategy known as the Truman Doctrine, which aimed to contain the spread of communism and promote democratic values and economic development worldwide.

Overall, the purpose of President Truman's Point IV Program was to provide technical assistance and support to underdeveloped countries, helping them improve their economic and social conditions and promoting global stability and prosperity.

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The statement aldosterone increases na reabsorption and subsequent water reabsorption is true because aldosterone plays a key role in regulating the balance of electrolytes and fluids in the body.

Aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, increases the reabsorption of sodium (Na) in the kidney's nephrons. As a result, water follows sodium through the process of osmosis, leading to increased water reabsorption as well.

This helps maintain blood volume and blood pressure, ensuring the proper functioning of our body's systems. In summary, aldosterone is essential in regulating the levels of sodium and water in our body, directly impacting fluid balance and overall homeostasis.

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The statement "our common word 'month' comes from the Metonic calendar" is false. The word 'month' actually comes from the Old English word 'monaþ,' which is related to the word 'moon.'

The Metonic calendar is a system that harmonizes the lunar and solar calendars by combining 19 solar years with 235 lunar months, but it is not the origin of the word 'month.'

The word "month" does not come from the Metonic calendar. The word "month" is derived from the Old English word "monað," which means "moon." The Metonic calendar is a lunar-solar calendar, developed by the Greek astronomer Meton of Athens in the 5th century BCE, which uses cycles of the phases of the moon to keep track of the months. However, the word "month" pre-dates the Metonic calendar for several centuries, and its origin is rooted in the observation of the moon's cycles by ancient cultures.

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As the U.S. troops abandoned the Philippines entirely, the following was not a factor in the Japanese success in capturing the Philippines in World War II. So, option (B) is the right one.

From 1939 through 1945, there was a world war that is also referred to as the Second World War. Here are some abandoned significant things concerning World War II:

Causes: Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany's aggressive expansionist ambitions, along with the militaristic deeds of Imperial Japan and fascist Italy, were the primary causes of World War II. The underlying tensions that caused the conflict were also influenced by the Treaty of Versailles, which put a stop to World conflict I, and the worldwide economic slump of the 1930s.

There were two significant coalitions that took part in the conflict.

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The presidential election of 1856 made it obvious that the issue of slavery was tearing the country apart. The Democratic Party was divided between northern and southern factions, and the newly formed Republican Party had gained significant support in the north by opposing the expansion of slavery into new territories.

The election resulted in the victory of Democrat James Buchanan, who won support from the south but failed to win any northern states.

The election demonstrated the deepening divide between the north and south over the issue of slavery and foreshadowed the coming conflict that would eventually lead to the Civil War.

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The 19th century economist, Karl Marx, author of the communist manifesto was in favor of complete equality : B.) True. Marx wanted a revolution to redistribute wealth from the rich to the poor.

Firstly, it is true that the core principle of communism is equality, and Marx was a strong advocate of this principle. He believed that the capitalist system created inequalities and exploitation of the working class, and that the solution to this was to eliminate private ownership of the means of production and establish a classless society.

Secondly, it is also true that Marx wanted a revolution to redistribute wealth from the rich to the poor. He believed that the bourgeoisie, or the capitalist class, had accumulated wealth and power at the expense of the proletariat, or the working class, and that this was inherently unjust. Marx saw the revolution as a necessary step towards achieving equality and a socialist society.

However, it is not accurate to say that Marx believed that all people should be treated exactly the same or that he did not understand that some people work harder than others. Marx believed in the principle of "from each according to their ability, to each according to their needs," which meant that people should contribute to society according to their abilities, but receive what they need to live and thrive. This principle recognizes that people have different abilities and needs, and therefore does not advocate for complete sameness.

Lastly, it is true that communism has not achieved complete equality in practice, as there have been examples of authoritarian regimes that have violated human rights and suppressed individual freedoms. However, it is important to note that Marx's vision of communism was not meant to be an oppressive system, but rather a system that would eliminate oppression and exploitation.

In summary, Karl Marx believed in the core principle of communism, which is equality, and advocated for a revolution to redistribute wealth from the rich to the poor. However, he also recognized that people have different abilities and needs, and believed in the principle of "from each according to their ability, to each according to their needs." While communism has not achieved complete equality in practice, it is important to distinguish Marx's vision from the oppressive regimes that have attempted to implement it.

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The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople spread panic among Europeans who feared the growing power and influence of the Ottoman Empire. This event marked the end of the Byzantine Empire and strengthened the Ottoman Empire's position as a dominant force in the region, leading to concerns about the potential threat to European territories and the Christian faith.

1. The fall of Constantinople in 1453 to the Ottoman Empire, led by Sultan Mehmed II, was a significant turning point in history.
2. Europeans saw the conquest as a loss of the last Christian stronghold in the East, leading to fears of further Ottoman expansion into Europe.
3. The panic among Europeans was exacerbated by the Ottoman Empire's reputation for military prowess and its control over key trade routes.
4. European nations began to form alliances and prepare for potential conflict with the Ottomans to protect their territories and interests.
5. The conquest also led to a renewed interest in exploration and finding alternative trade routes to Asia, contributing to the Age of Discovery.

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