Detritivores are consumers that obtain their energy from detritus. How many joules of energy are potentially available to detritivores in the ecosystem represented in Figure 55.11 ?

The correct option is (b) Polyandry

A single female engaging in sexual activity with two men is referred to as polyandry.

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Magnesium is required for regulating metabolism and maintaining normal growth both in plants and animals.

In plants, magnesium is the primary element in the chlorophyll of plant tissues and plays an important part in metabolism.

Plants deficient in magnesium are deficient in chlorophyll which results in less optimal growth and also activates enzyme system.

While in humans, this nutrient is vital as it forms antibodies which are the key ingredients of the immune system.

Moreover, in adolescents, it promotes bone growth, and also helps to build healthy and strong muscles.

It also regulates cardiovascular functions, immune system and hormones which are crucial for healthy functioning of the body

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Answer:

Populations, communities, and ecosystems

Explanation:

Biological organization is the hierarchy of complex biological structures and systems that define life using a reductionistic approach. The traditional hierarchy extends from atoms to biospheres.

-Atoms join together to form molecules that make up cells. In more complex living things, cells join to form tissues, which form organs (structures that perform specific functions in the body)

-Biological organization extends beyond the individual to populations, communities, ecosystems, and finally the biosphere.

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The step that is part of the engineering design process but is not part of a scientific investigation is solving a problem (Option B is correct).

The scientific method is a series of sequential steps used to collect empirical evidence and thus test hypotheses, which is used both in science and engineering (but engineering also involves solving a given problem).

In conclusion, the step that is part of the engineering design process but is not part of a scientific investigation is solving a problem (Option B is correct).

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Exposure to cane toads appears to be selecting for black snakes that are less affected by the toxin.

Animals and plants can produce compounds called toxins that are dangerous (toxic) to humans. Some medications that are beneficial in small quantities but deadly in big doses may also be considered toxins. The majority of poisons that harm people are produced by microorganisms like bacteria.

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Answer:

c. Prokaryotic cells

Explanation:

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Answer: pass an identical genetic code to their offspring for many generations.

Explanation:

The instruction which the nurse would provide a client needing to collect a clean-catch urine specimen is "Do not touch the inside of the container" and is denoted as option C.

This is defined as a material or organism which are used for examination or study and can be collected using various means.

Collecting a clean-catch urine specimen means that there should be very minimal bacteria from the skin in the sample which is the reason why the inside of the container shouldn't be touched.

This is therefore why option C was chosen as the most appropriate choice.

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The options are:

Answer:

Indicator species is an organism that reflects an environment's condition.

The reason indicator species play an important role for scientists is because they can signal a change, which will help indicate a problem in the ecosystem.

Explanation:

For example, monarch butterflies are an indicator that an environment is healthy, there reaction is extremely quick when there's a sudden change in the environment.

Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) remain a leading cause of death worldwide in children under the age of five.

This nasopharyngeal commensal and respiratory pathogen cause a range of severe infections in both infants and adults, including pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis.

As pneumococcus is endemic worldwide, its ability to develop antibiotic resistance is a global challenge (Appelbaum, 1987). High levels of resistance have been observed in Africa.

There are two main mechanisms by which pneumococci gain antibiotic resistance: the modification of core genes encoding antibiotic targets, often through homologous recombination, and the acquisition of specialized resistance genes on mobile genetic elements (MGEs).

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A mature oak forest of vegetation would you expect to find on an abandoned farm that has remained undisturbed for 150 years. Although it may only live for 600 years on many settings, oaks can thrive for 1,000 years.

Although many will exhibit ancient features as early as 300 years, oak is only classified as ancient after 400 years. A senior oak typically has between 150 and 300 years of age, whereas a noted oak has between 150 and 200vegetation. According to legend, the Pechanga great oak, California, is the oldest living oak in the world and may have existed for at least 2000 years.

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Answer: matter

Explanation:

every thing is composed of matter

The FitnessGram PACER Test is a multistage aerobic capacity test that progressively gets more difficult as it continues.

The test is used to measure a student's aerobic capacity as part of the FitnessGram assessment. Students run back and forth as many times as they can, each lap signaled by a beep sound. The test get progressively faster as it continues until the student reaches their max lap score.

The PACER Test score is combined in the FitnessGram software with scores for muscular strength, endurance, flexibility and body composition to determine whether a student is in the Healthy Fitness Zone™ or the Needs Improvement Zone™.

The nurse counsels the pregnant patient to expect the following changes in the respiratory system: The total circumference of the chest cage increases by 6 cm, There is a decrease in the vertical diameter of the thoracic cage, The patient has an increased awareness of the need to breathe.

A respiratory system can be defined as the system that enables the process called inhalation and exhalation to take place.

Inhalation is the process that enables us to breath in and exhalation is the process that enables us to breath out. this two process are important as they are what enables us to live.

The nurse should endeavor to tell the pregnant woman to expect the following changes:

Therefore the correct  options are: B,C,D.

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The complete question is:

The nurse counsels the pregnant patient to expect which changes in the respiratory system? Select all that apply.

a. The chest cage ligaments tighten and restrict full expansion.

b. The total circumference of the chest cage increases by 6 cm.

c. There is a decrease in the vertical diameter of the thoracic cage.

d. The patient has an increased awareness of the need to breathe.

e. The elevation of the diaphragm leads to a decrease in the tidal volume.

If Jane was a bike accident that damaged her brain and now she has trouble producing language, then the most likely damaged part of her brain is Broca's area.

The Broca's area is a region of the brain directly associated with speech which is found near the motor cerebral cortex area in the inferior frontal gyrus.

Broca area is mainly implicated in roles such as the speech and therefore health complications in this brain region are associated with language problems.

In conclusion, if Jane was a bike accident that damaged her brain and now she has trouble producing language, then the most likely damaged part of her brain is Broca's area.

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Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the other organelles besides the nucleus that contain DNA.

This is also called deoxyribonucleic acid and is known as the genetic material of living organisms. DNA is responsible for the passing of different types of traits from parent to offspring.

DNA is present in organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts as they are involved in the different types of growth and reproductive processes which occurs in the cells of organisms. It is also present in the nucleus of cells because it controls and regulates the metabolic activities which occur in the cell.

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The tails account for the hydrophobic nature of fats as a result of it consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms which are non polar thereby making it a hydrophobic molecule.

This refers to a biomolecule which forms a major part of the cell membrane and consists of compounds which include the following below:

It consists of two parts which are hydrophilic head and the hydrophobic tail. The tail of the phospholipid is hydrophobic which is the reason why  they face the inside which is away from the water.

They however meet in the inner region of the membrane which is why they are regarded as the water fearing part of the molecule. On the other hand, the hydrophilic head is referred to as the water loving part because it consists of phosphate-containing group that is attached to a glycerol thereby making it polar.

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Molecular chaperones can work by creating an ""isolation chamber. "" The purpose of this chamber is to separate the unfolded protein from interacting with other proteins in the cytosol, until it is complete folded.

Molecular chaperones are the proteins are involved in various purposes inside the cell. The most essential function of chaperones is to regulate the proper folding of the proteins. They also regulate the proteins that are misfolded. The example of chaperones are heat-shock proteins.

Proteins are the polymers of amino acids that are involved in various activities of the cell. These are formed by the translation of the m-RNA. Proteins are most essential for the body-building and repair of the damaged tissues.

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There is decrease in energy levels as we move to each trophic level. Thus, to support the ecological pyramids large numbers of population is found at the bottom of the pyramid.

Trophic levels are food pyramids. It describes the level of an organism present in the food web. These trophic levels are represented in the form of pyramids.

There are three to four successive trophic levels in the food pyramid where the organisms of one level are dependent on the other. These food pyramids are always upright. Trophic levels also show the energy transfer in an ecosystem.

Thus, trophic levels are important for depicting food and energy relationship in an ecosystem.

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Answer:

clinical trials

Explanation:

observations and hypotheses arise from epidemiology can be tested using. clinical trials. studies that explore the effects of altering people's diets.

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DNA fingerprint is a useful technique in criminal investigations because humans contain many copies of repeating or junk sequences, the length of which can be unique to an individual.

What is DNA fingerprinting?

So, DNA fingerprint is a useful technique in criminal investigations because humans contain many copies of repeating or junk sequences, the length of which can be unique to an individual.

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Annelids, mollusks, bryozoans, brachiopods, platyhelminthes, and other creatures that descended from these organisms' common ancestor are included in the monophyletic group of animals known as Lophotrochozoa. Thus, option A is correct.

Mollusks, such as snails, clams, and octopuses, as well as annelids, such as leeches and earthworms, are included in the diverse group of creatures known as lophotrochozoans.

As opposed to the diploblastic cnidarians, which have an embryonic mesoderm sandwiched between their ectoderm and endoderm, lophotrochozoans are triloblastic.

These phyla are similarly bilaterally symmetrical; a longitudinal section of them will separate them into symmetrical right and left sides.

Therefore, mollusks are members of the lophotrochozoan lineage.

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Cell signaling is the process that happens in the cell when the receptors on the cell's surface detect a sort of stimulus, whether it is physical or chemical in nature.

The receptor will provide a conduit for these signals to enter the cell and be processed. After binding with the ligand, the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and the protein-tyrosine kinase receptor (PTKR) are present on the cell's surface to form pathways for signal transmission.

The following are the differences in the responses of these two receptors:

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Three  examples of phosphorylation are glucose phosphorylation, protein phosphorylation andand oxidative phosphorylation.

The conversion of ADP to ATP can occur through two kinds of phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation  and substrate level phosphorylation . The primary difference between these two processes lies in the source of the free energy used to drive phosphorylation.

So ,the three examples of phosphorylation are oxidative, protein and glucose phosphorylation.

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1. The maintenance of an organism's internal environment within certain limits.

2. Great White sharks have sharp serrated teeth for tearing into their prey.

A state of balance between all body systems is necessary for the body to survive and function properly. Homeostasis is the ability or tendency of an organism to maintain internal stability to compensate for environmental changes. The characteristic of life that best describes homeostatic processes is the adaptation of an organism to its environment.

Structure and function refer to the location and role of various tissues, organs, and organ systems that work together. Structure determines function, and when structure changes, function changes. A change in the form leads to a change in function. Form and function are related, and form determines function.

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A scientist by name of Robert Koch created a set of postulates (recommendations) in the late 1800s that can be used to demonstrate that a certain pathogen is the actual cause of an illness. The Robert Koch postulates are a set of standards for determining whether a specific organism is the root of a specific disease. They were first published in 1890. Koch's theories are still taught in college and high school courses today as proof of the accuracy and reliability of clinical microbiology.

The four Koch postulates are:

1. The diseased animal must contain the microorganism, which cannot be found in healthy animals.

2. The diseased animal's microorganism must be removed, isolated, and then grown in culture.

3. When given to an experimental animal that is healthy, the microorganism must make the animal ill.

4. The microorganism needs to be taken out of the sick experimental animal and proven to be the same microorganism that was first isolated from the sick animal.

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If all of the detritus leaving the marsh is plant material, 56% proportion of all net primary production leaves the marsh as detritus each year

Detritus, as opposed to dissolved organic material, is dead particulate organic material in biology. Detritus typically consists of feces and the carcasses or remains of dead organisms. Communities of microbes that colonize and breakdown (i.e., remineralizer) detritus are frequently found in it. It exists as leaf litter and other organic debris in terrestrial habitats.

When these detritus feeders ingest detritus with microorganisms proliferating on it, they mostly digest and absorb the protein-rich microorganisms and excrete the detritus, which is primarily composed of complex carbohydrates, with hardly any of it having been broken down.

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Brain training programs, which are used to reverse cognitive decline seen in aging, capitalize on the brain's lifelong capacity to reorganize cortical tissue, which aligns with Baltes' key principle of lifespan development that development is plastic.

A program of routine exercises called "brain training" claims to maintain or enhance one's cognitive ability. Working memory and executive function are two examples of fluid intelligence skills that are typically referred to as "cognitive abilities."

Development is plastic, which refers to the malleability or alterability of features. Contextual and socio-cultural factors affect development. Development involves multiple disciplines.

Therefore, Brain training programs, which are used to reverse cognitive decline seen in aging, capitalize on the brain's lifelong capacity to reorganize cortical tissue, which aligns with Baltes' key principle of lifespan development that development is plastic.

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Brain training programs, which are used to reverse cognitive decline seen in aging, capitalize on the brain's lifelong capacity to reorganize cortical tissue, which aligns with Baltes' key principle of lifespan development that ________.

Warm and moist conditions are the most ideal for decomposition of organic matter and decay of food instead of cool and dry places.

Food spoilage is a result of both natural food degradation and contamination from microbes including bacteria, moulds, and yeasts. When moisture and desired temperatures are present, these breakdown bacteria may proliferate quickly.

An exponential rise in decomposition rates is caused by rising temperature under ideal moisture conditions.

Warm and moist places facilitate growth of detritivores like bacteria and fungus which are saprophytic and degrade the organic matter and decay the food stored in such places. Detritivores favour warm and moist conditions over cool and dry conditions for their growth.

Decomposition is the process of decay and degradation or breakdown of organic matter by bacteria and fungi into smaller substances.

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The correct option is (c) Tracheal system of an insect

Tracheal system of an insect is not closely associated with a blood supply.

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Answer: Only plant cells have chloroplast and cell wall

Explanation: