Option (d), Big industry exploited the Sherman Antitrust Act to suppress unions and strikes during the nineteenth century.
What was the principal shortcoming of the Sherman Antitrust Act?Some of its critics complained that it didn't define words like "combination," "conspiracy," "monopoly," and "trust." Restrictive legal definitions of what constituted trade or interstate commerce were another factor pushing against it.
To what goal was the Sherman Antitrust Act created?The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 is a piece of federal legislation that forbids conduct that restricts interstate trade and market competition. Any contract, understanding between parties, or coalition of business interests that restricts domestic or foreign trade is prohibited.
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The complete question is:
During the nineteenth century, the Sherman Antitrust Act
A) successfully dissolved the ten largest corporations in the US
B) was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
C) was never used at all
D) was used by big business to break up unions and strikes
E) failed to pass either house of congress
Which country seems like it will be the first to explore the Louisiana Territory? What would that mean for claims of ownership?
Answer: Britain
Explanation: Britain was the first to explore the Louisiana Territory.
PLEASE HELP
DUE WEDNESDAY
2. What are the requirements to run for Senate? 3. What are the requirements to run for the House of Representatives? 4. What is the best known job of Congress?
Answer:
2)
- must be at least 30 years of age
- have been a citizen of the US for at least 9 years
- must be a resident of the state they represent
3)
- must be at least 25 years of age
- been a US citizen for at least 7 years
- must be a resident of the state and/or district they represent
4) The Congress is most known for making laws
the security council attempts to keep peace in the world. true false
True. The United Nations Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security through diplomatic means, including the use of sanctions and peacekeeping operations.
An essential international organisation that is in charge of upholding world peace and security is the United Nations Security Council. It has 15 members, including 10 rotating members chosen for two-year terms and 5 permanent members with veto power (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States).
The Security Council has the authority to adopt a variety of methods to avert and end crises, including the imposition of sanctions, the approval of lethal force, and the dispatch of peacekeeping forces. Its fundamental objective is to maintain global peace and security and stop conflicts from getting worse.
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True. The United Nations Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It does this by identifying potential threats to peace, calling for peaceful resolutions to conflicts, imposing sanctions and authorizing military intervention when necessary. The Security Council is made up of 15 members, including five permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) who hold veto power over any decisions made by the Council.
The Security Council, a component of the United Nations, plays a crucial role in maintaining international peace and security. Its primary responsibility is to prevent conflicts, resolve disputes, and take appropriate actions when global peace is threatened. The Security Council consists of 15 member countries, including 5 permanent members with veto power. By working together, they aim to achieve a peaceful and secure world.
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Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Brown
v. Board of Education, written by Justice Warren.
We come then to the question presented: Does
segregation of children in public schools solely on the
basis of race, even though the physical facilities and
other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the
children of the minority group of equal educational
opportunities? We believe that it does.
... To separate them from others of similar age and
qualifications solely because of their race generates a
feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community
that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely
ever to be undone.
Segregation of white and colored children in public
schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored
children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction
of the law, for the policy of separating the races is
Mark this and retumn
What reason does Warren give for believing that
"separate but equal" does not give minority children
equal educational opportunities?
• the findings of the court in Plessy v. Ferguson
regarding equal educational facilities
• the reduced effects of segregation when it is
sanctioned by federal regulations
• the findings that a sense of inferiority affects the
motivation to learn
O the differences in educational and mental
development in public and private schools
Save and Exit
Next
Submit
The reason that Warren give for believing that "separate but equal" does not give minority children equal educational opportunities is the findings that a sense of Inferiority affects the motivation to learn. The correct option is c.
This is part of Chief Justice Warren's opinion of the Brown v. Board of Education case, for which the Justice ended up deciding that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. According to the Justice, the "separate but equal" doctrine did not mean equality for everyone at all.
Warren, who delivered the opinion of the Court, believed that segregation of white and colored children in public schools had an important negative effect upon the colored children, which, at the same time, ended up affecting their mental development and; therefore, their performance at school.
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What is the economic system in the United States?
Communist economy
Capitalist economy
Socialist economy
Military economy
what technological development made the large-scale cultivation of short-staple cotton possible? multiple choice question. automatic reaper steel plow cotton gin
The technology development that made the large-scale cultivation of short-staple cotton possible was the cotton gin.
The cotton gin was a machine that revolutionized the cotton industry by automating the process of separating cotton fibers from their seeds. Before the cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney in 1794, the process of removing the seeds from cotton fibers was labor-intensive and time-consuming, requiring large amounts of manual labor. With the cotton gin, the process became much faster and more efficient, allowing cotton to be processed on a much larger scale.
The invention of the cotton gin made it profitable to grow short-staple cotton, a variety that had previously been considered unprofitable due to the difficulty of separating the fibers from the seeds. As a result, cotton production in the southern United States increased dramatically, making cotton a major cash crop and contributing to the growth of the American economy in the 19th century. However, the cotton gin also had negative consequences, as the increased demand for cotton led to an increase in the use of slave labor in the southern states.
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If a source is valid, it will most likely:
If a source is valid, it is more likely to be reliable, accurate, and trustworthy. Here are some characteristics of a valid source:
Accuracy: A valid source provides accurate information and has been fact-checked by experts in the field.
Authority: A valid source is written by an author who is an expert in the field and has relevant credentials and expertise.
Objectivity: A valid source presents information in an objective and unbiased manner, without any personal or ideological bias.
Currency: A valid source is up-to-date and reflects the most current research and information available.
Verifiability: A valid source provides evidence to support its claims and can be cross-checked against other reliable sources.
Overall, a valid source is one that can be trusted and relied upon to provide accurate and credible information on a given topic.
~~~Harsha~~~
Answer: Generally, a credible or reliable source is one that is valid for your purposes.
Explanation: It will have true information. (Most credible sources are from the government. Example; (name of link).gov ) It will also have information about the author and if it's been newly posted or edited it is most likely a credible source.
.
What internal factors caused the collapse of empires in the early 20th century?
Economic decline, political instability, and military weaknesses led to the collapse of empires in the early 20th century.
The empires of the early 20th century, such as the Ottoman Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Russian Empire, faced significant internal challenges that ultimately led to their collapse. Economic decline, due to factors such as outdated economic systems and competition from industrialized nations, weakened their financial stability.
Political instability, including ethnic and nationalist tensions, weakened their authority and caused social unrest. Military weaknesses, including outdated technology and poor leadership, made it difficult to defend against external threats. These internal factors, combined with external pressures such as World War I, ultimately caused the collapse of these empires and the redrawing of national boundaries.
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When and how was this group given the right to vote? Gives specific dates if possible.
'Representation of the People' Act was passed in 1918. In addition to women over 30 who were householders (i.e., local government electors) or the wives of householders, all males over the age of 21 were now able to vote.
When did the public get the right to vote?
To gain public support for the cause, they lobbied lawmakers, organized protests, marches, and petition drives, and ran public campaigns.
For a variety of reasons, women believed they should be allowed to vote, most notably because they were subject to the same laws and tax obligations as males. They thought that voting gave them an equal opportunity to affect Parliament and the government.
The Representation of the People Act of 1918 increased the number of people who could vote by eliminating nearly all property requirements for males and granting voting rights to women over 30 who satisfied certain property requirements.
Lobbying. The suffragists, who felt that change could be brought about by legislative methods, employed lobbying strategies to encourage lawmakers who supported their cause to bring up the subject of women's suffrage during House floor debates.
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1.How did Lincoln’s point of view differ from that of Douglas?
One of the most significant distinctions between Douglas and Lincoln's perspectives on slavery is that, in contrast to Lincoln, Douglas did not see slavery as a moral dilemma, an agonizing choice, or a problem that would split the Union.
Lincoln was raised on the frontier, mostly in Indiana, and was born into poverty in a log cabin in Kentucky. He self-educated himself to become a lawyer, leader of the Whig Party, state lawmaker for slavery Illinois, and member of the United States Congress from Illinois.
He resumed his prosperous law career in central Illinois in 1849. He returned to politics in 1854 after becoming enraged by the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which allowed slavery in the new territory.
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a major scientific advance of the late 1800s that greatly influenced the process of tracking communicable diseases was the blank . multiple choice question. discovery of antibiotics elucidation of dna structure invention of smallpox vaccine germ theory of disease
The major scientific advance of the late 1800s that greatly influenced the process of tracking communicable diseases was the germ theory of disease. Option D is the correct answer.
The germ theory, which posits that microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses can cause illness and disease, was first proposed by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch in the mid to late 1800s.
This theory revolutionized the field of medicine and paved the way for new approaches to tracking and preventing communicable diseases, such as the development of vaccines, antibiotics, and other treatments.
While the discovery of antibiotics, elucidation of DNA structure, and invention of the smallpox vaccine were all important scientific advances, it was the germ theory of disease that had the greatest impact on the tracking and prevention of communicable diseases.
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The question is -
A major scientific advance of the late 1800s that greatly influenced the process of tracking communicable diseases was _______.
multiple choice questions,
a. discovery of antibiotics
b. elucidation of dna structure
c. invention of smallpox
d. the vaccine germ theory of disease
\which american film of the 1930s used editing and framing to create images of collective triumph somewhat reminiscent of soviet films of the same era?
The American film that used editing and framing to create images of collective triumph somewhat reminiscent of Soviet films of the same era is "Gone with the Wind" (1939).
The film's iconic scene of Scarlett O'Hara standing among hundreds of wounded Confederate soldiers and declaring "As God is my witness, I'll never be hungry again!" is a prime example of this technique. The film's use of sweeping camera movements, dramatic music, and tight editing helped to create a sense of unity and triumph among the characters, similar to the collective spirit often depicted in Soviet films of the time. The American film of the 1930s that used editing and framing to create images of collective triumph somewhat reminiscent of Soviet films of the same era is "The Crowd" (1928) directed by King Vidor. Although released slightly before the 1930s, it employed techniques similar to those seen in Soviet films to emphasize the power of the collective spirit.
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Look at picture thanks!
write a short essay explaining How did the competition between the Superpowers lead to the Cold War?
Answer:
The Cold War was a period of political and military tension between the United States and the Soviet Union that lasted from the end of World War II until the early 1990s. The competition between the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, was a significant factor in the emergence of the Cold War.
The end of World War II marked the beginning of a new era in international relations. The United States emerged as the dominant superpower, while the Soviet Union was expanding its influence in Eastern Europe and Asia. The ideological differences between the two superpowers, capitalism versus communism, were a major factor in the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union.
The United States was committed to promoting democracy and free-market capitalism, while the Soviet Union was committed to spreading communism and establishing a socialist system of government. The competition between the two superpowers led to the arms race, where both sides developed and stockpiled nuclear weapons, creating a state of mutually assured destruction.
The competition between the two superpowers also led to numerous proxy wars around the world, where the United States and the Soviet Union supported opposing sides. The Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan are examples of proxy wars fought during the Cold War.
The competition between the superpowers also had a significant impact on domestic politics in both the United States and the Soviet Union. In the United States, the fear of communist infiltration led to the rise of the anti-communist movement and the McCarthy era. In the Soviet Union, the competition with the United States led to the rise of a powerful military-industrial complex, which had a significant impact on the Soviet economy.
In conclusion, the competition between the superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, played a significant role in the emergence of the Cold War. The ideological differences between the two superpowers, the arms race, the proxy wars, and the impact on domestic politics were all driven by the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union. The Cold War had a profound impact on world history, and its legacy continues to shape international relations to this day.
The Cold War is regarded as a period of military as well as political tension that began after World War II in 1945 and lasted till the early 1990s. This period was characterized by the struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States, the two superpowers. That rivalry between these nations was based on political, economic as well as ideological differences, which ultimately resulted in the Cold War.
The emergence of the Soviet Union and the United States as the most powerful nations of the world after World War II was also the period of the inception of the Cold War. Even though both nations fought as allies against Nazi Germany their economic and political systems differed drastically. The United States was a capitalist democracy whereas the Soviet Union was a communist state. The difference in their ideology developed tension between the two nations.
Key reasons that led to the Cold War :
One of the major factors leading to the Cold War was the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for global influence. Both nations wanted to advance their ideologies around the world in order to take control of European, Asian, and African countries. Another major factor contributing to the Cold War was the arms race. Massive nuclear arsenals were built up by these nations to discourage each other from nuclear attacks. The Cold War was also fear driven. While on one hand, the United States was worried about the spread of communism as well as the loss of political and economic control, on the other hand, the Soviet Union was fearful of the United States' encirclement and invasion.Therefore, The Cold War was a consequence of the rivalry and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union. Contrasting ideologies, the struggle to gain global influence, the arms race as well as fear had a major role in giving rise to the Cold War.
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how did the national consciousness of the filipinos emerge?
Answer:
The sense of national consciousness came from the Creoles, who now regard themselves as "Filipino". It was brought to its advent by three major factors: 1) economy, 2) education and 3) secularization of parishes. These factors contributed to the birth of the Filipino Nationalism.
Explanation:
What is the Soviet Union's response to the United States's note?
Even though the aid was available to all European nations, Stalin made a Soviet plan as a response to the Marshall Plan and instructed the Eastern Bloc to reject American aid.
What was the Soviet Union's response to the UN?In September 1987, the Soviet Union made the announcement that it would repay a portion of its debt to the United Nations. However, the Soviet Union's foreign policy positions did not garner support at the United Nations. In response to the plan, the Soviet Union interpreted it as an attempt to influence Soviet affairs.
In the Soviet Association, the Economic crisis of the early 20s hardened Joseph Stalin's grasp on power. Stalin implemented a planned economy in 1928. His First Five-Year Plan called for the rapid industrialization of small, government-controlled peasant farms and their "collectivization."
The US and USSR entered into a bilateral agreement known as the INF Treaty. It was the first treaty to reduce nuclear weapons rather than establish a limit on them.
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what was the impact of pseudoscientific ideas of race on the jewish nation by the nazi germany during the period 1933-1946
The Nazis believed in the concept of racial purity and considered the Jewish nation to be an inferior race.
What is Jewish nation?The Jewish nation refers to a collective of people who share a common heritage, culture, and religion. Historically, Jews have faced persecution, displacement, and genocide, yet they have maintained a strong sense of identity and community throughout the centuries. The Jewish nation originated in the land of Israel, where it established a monarchy and a distinct way of life centered around the worship of one God. Today, Jewish communities exist all over the world, and many continue to practice their faith and celebrate their cultural traditions. While there is no single definition of what it means to be Jewish, many Jews view themselves as part of a larger global family with a shared history, values, and destiny.
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Complete Question:
What was the impact of pseudoscientific ideas of race on the Jewish nation by the Nazi Germany during the period 1933-1946?
what was one of the primary purposes of constructing terraces for civilizations living in the andes mountains?
Answer: They are created for farming/crops.
Explanation: Terraces (most common on mountains) are man-made "landforms" used for cultivation of crops on sloped areas, still used today in many forms of agriculture.
Textbook pages 329-330: Identify 2 democratic changes (reforms) that took place during Jackson's Presidency
Jackson's presidency saw the expansion of suffrage, which eliminated property ownership as a requirement for voting and led to a significant increase in voter participation.
He also implemented the Spoils System, which rewarded his supporters with government positions, creating a more loyal political party, but also led to corruption and inefficiency in government.
What is Jackson's presidency?
During Andrew Jackson's presidency, there were several democratic changes or reforms implemented in the United States. Two of these reforms are:
1. Expansion of suffrage: Jackson's presidency saw a significant expansion of voting rights in the United States. He supported the elimination of property ownership as a requirement for voting, which meant that more white men were eligible to vote. This reform led to a significant increase in voter participation in presidential elections, with the number of voters almost doubling between 1824 and 1828.
2. The Spoils System: Jackson also implemented the Spoils System, which was a reform that allowed him to appoint his supporters to government positions as a way of rewarding their loyalty. This was a significant change from previous administrations, where government positions were often awarded based on merit or seniority. The Spoils System allowed Jackson to create a more loyal and cohesive political party, but it also led to corruption and inefficiency in government, as many of the appointees were not qualified for their positions.
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in addition to the brutality of the encomienda system, what other factor contributed most to the decline in population among the indigenous peoples of the caribbean in the early sixteenth century?
The major factor that contributed to the decline in population among the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean in the early sixteenth century was the introduction of infectious diseases, which were brought to the region by European explorers and colonizers.
The indigenous populations lacked immunity to these foreign diseases, leading to widespread illness and high mortality rates. In addition to the brutality of the encomienda system, the factor that contributed most to the decline in population among the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean in the early sixteenth century was the introduction of diseases by the Europeans. The indigenous peoples had no immunity to diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, which the Europeans brought with them. As a result, these diseases spread rapidly and decimated the native population, reducing it by up to 90% in some areas. The combination of the encomienda system and the introduction of diseases proved to be a deadly combination for the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean.
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In addition to the brutality of the encomienda system, the most significant factor contributing to the decline in population among the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean in the early sixteenth century was the introduction of diseases from Europe.
The Europeans, particularly the Spanish, brought diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza to the Caribbean, which the indigenous peoples had never encountered and had no immunity against.
These diseases spread rapidly among the native populations, causing widespread illness and high mortality rates. The combination of forced labor, violence, and malnutrition under the encomienda system further weakened the indigenous peoples, making them more susceptible to the devastating effects of these diseases.
As a result, the indigenous population in the Caribbean experienced a rapid and severe decline in the early sixteenth century, significantly altering the demographics and cultural landscape of the region.
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Former President Thomas Jefferson was pleased with the Missouri Compromise of 1820, because he believed that it had solved the issue of slavery once and for all.
A. False
B. True
according to mary frances berry, how have most african americans viewed the meaning of the constitution?
According to Mary Frances Berry, most African Americans have viewed the meaning of the Constitution as a living document that has the potential for ensuring equal rights and opportunities for all citizens, including themselves.
Mary Frances Berry (born February 17, 1938) is an American historian, writer, lawyer, activist and professor who focuses on U.S. constitutional and legal, African-American history. Berry is the Geraldine R. Segal Professor of American Social Thought where she teaches American legal history at the Department of History, School of Arts & Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania. She is the former chairwoman of the United States Commission on Civil Rights. Previously, Berry was provost of the College of Behavioral and Social Science at University of Maryland, College Park, and was the first African American chancellor of the University of Colorado at Boulder. Berry was born in Nashville, Tennessee,[2] the second of the three children of George Ford and Frances Berry (née Southall). Because of economic hardship and family circumstances, she and her older brother were placed in an orphanage for a time.
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According to Mary Berry, most African Americans have viewed the meaning of the Constitution as a living document that has the potential to promote equality and civil rights.
They believe in its ability to evolve and adapt to changing societal values and needs, and they have consistently fought for their rights and freedoms to be recognized within the framework of the Constitution.
Over time, this has led to significant progress in the expansion of constitutional rights for African Americans, such as the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, as well as the Civil Rights Movement of the 20th century.
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What was true about the gulf og tonkin resolution apex?
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution authorized the US President to use military force in Vietnam without a formal declaration of war.
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was passed in response to two alleged attacks by North Vietnamese naval vessels against US Navy ships in the Gulf of Tonkin. It gave President Lyndon B. Johnson broad powers to use military force in Vietnam without a formal declaration of war from Congress.
The resolution became a turning point in the Vietnam War and led to a significant escalation of US involvement in the conflict. However, it was later revealed that the second attack may not have actually happened, which has led to controversy and criticism of the decision to pass the resolution and the use of presidential power to escalate the war without proper congressional oversight.
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the approach of william lloyd garrison and the liberator can be seen as directly challenging the approach of
The approach of William Lloyd Garrison and his newspaper, The Liberator, can be seen as directly challenging the approach of gradual abolitionists and colonizationists.
Garrison was a staunch advocate for the immediate and complete abolition of slavery, rejecting any compromises or incremental measures. In contrast, gradual abolitionists favored a more cautious, step-by-step method to end slavery over time, while colonizationists sought to resettle freed slaves in Africa or other locations.
Through The Liberator, Garrison expressed his unyielding commitment to the cause, using powerful and uncompromising language to condemn slavery as a moral evil. His forceful arguments and refusal to entertain compromise made him a polarizing figure in the abolitionist movement.
Garrison's approach, therefore, stood in stark contrast to that of other anti-slavery advocates who sought a more gradual, pragmatic path towards abolition.
By demanding immediate emancipation, Garrison and The Liberator exposed the shortcomings of gradualism and colonization, pushing the abolitionist movement towards a more radical stance and contributing to the growing tensions between the North and the South leading up to the American Civil War.
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How has the growth of labor productivity in the US enabled businesses and workers to earn more over time, while also providing consumers with better and lower-priced products?
The growth of labor productivity in the US has enabled businesses and workers to increase their output, leading to increased wages and profits.
This increased output has also allowed businesses to reduce prices and produce better products. In particular, the use of technology and automation has allowed businesses to produce more goods with fewer inputs, resulting in lower prices and higher quality products.
This has led to increased consumer spending, which has bolstered the economy and further increased wages and profits. In short, the growth of labor productivity in the US has been a win-win situation for businesses, workers, and consumers.
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meiji reformers chose to model the new japanese government of the late 1800s after the government of
a. the United States. b. Great Britain. c. Germany.
d. the Netherlands
Answer: C Germany
Explanation:
Historically, during and in the immediate aftermath of recessions, when the economy was still recovering, the Federal Reserve ____ the federal funds rate.
increase
inflation
decreased
Historically, during and in the immediate aftermath of recessions, when the economy was still recovering, the Federal Reserve decreased the federal funds rate.
The correct option is decreased.
By decreasing the federal funds rate, the cost of borrowing money becomes cheaper for banks, which in turn, allows them to provide loans with lower interest rates to businesses and consumers. This encourages spending and investments, as it becomes more affordable for people to borrow money and invest in various sectors of the economy.
Moreover, reducing the federal funds rate can help combat inflation. In a recession, the demand for goods and services decreases, leading to lower prices and reduced inflationary pressures. By cutting interest rates, the Federal Reserve aims to maintain a healthy level of inflation and stabilize the economy.
In summary, the Federal Reserve decreases the federal funds rate during and after recessions to stimulate economic growth, encourage borrowing and investments, and control inflation, thereby aiding in the recovery of the economy.
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do you think the right to vote still needs to be protected and guarded? Why or why not?
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
the right to vote is not only an essential part of making the country and economy in a fair and peaceful position, but it allows everyone to be considered as humans, not racially, generally, or any other way.
how did constitutional issues lay foundations for the civil war
-In 1808, the Constitution forbade imports and included a compromise on the 3/5ths vote.
-Slavery was raised everytime the US annexed a new region.
What violations of the Constitution were committed by the government during the conflict?The Sedition Act and Espionage Act created constitutional issues with relation to the First Amendment's provision of freedom of expression. The Sedition Act and Espionage Act created constitutional issues with relation to the First Amendment's provision of freedom of expression.
What issues arose that led to the American Civil War?The topics that would eventually spark war had been the subject of debate in both the Northern and Southern states for more than 80 years: monetary policies and practices, cultural standards, the authority and scope of the Federal government, and, most importantly, the place of slavery in American society.
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U.S. Army Colonel John Chivington took
his revenge against the Native
Americans for the death of his family by
killing 150 sleeping Native Americans at
what location in 1864?
A. Black Hills
B. Fort Laramie
C. Sand Creek
D. Wounded Knee
Answer:
C. Sand Creek.
Explanation:
On November 29, 1864, U.S. Army Colonel John Chivington led a surprise attack on a peaceful village of Cheyenne and Arapaho Native Americans at Sand Creek in Colorado. Chivington and his men killed approximately 150 Native Americans, including women, children, and elderly people who were sleeping or trying to flee. The attack was in retaliation for the death of Chivington's family in a Native American raid, although the specific tribe responsible for the raid was not present at Sand Creek. The Sand Creek Massacre was a brutal and unjustifiable act of violence against Native Americans and remains a shameful episode in U.S. history.
~ :D