explain the three major characteristics of magma that determine how explosive a volcanic eruption will be.

Foliation, a result of metamorphism, is the parallel orientation of platy minerals in a rock.

The parallel orientation of flat or platy minerals within a rock is referred to as foliation. The minerals align themselves perpendicular to the direction of the highest stress because to the severe pressure and/or heat that occurs during metamorphism. As a result, the rock develops a characteristic layering or banding pattern. Foliation is distinct from parallel bedding, which is created by several depositional occurrences, and from cracking or jointing, which is brought on by stress but excludes mineral alignment. Metamorphic rocks, such as schist and gneiss, frequently exhibit foliation, which can provide important details about the rock's geological past.

learn more about minerals  here:

https://brainly.com/question/18078524

#SPJ4

Deserts are formed by a physical weathering process as large variations in temperature between day and night put strains on the rocks causing them to break into pieces.

The physical weathering of rocks is caused by temperature fluctuations in the desert. The rocks heat up during the day and cool down at night, causing them to expand and contract. As a result, the rocks can eventually break apart into small pieces over time. In a desert, there is little vegetation, and the wind can carry the pieces of rock, causing the land to erode and form sand dunes. In areas where there is little rain, the landscape can become arid, which contributes to the formation of a desert. Over time, the desert climate develops, with its distinctive patterns of temperature variation, limited precipitation, and lack of vegetation. Many deserts are found in areas around 30 degrees north or south of the equator, such as the Sahara in Africa and the Mojave in the United States.

Learn more about physical weathering here: https://brainly.com/question/14028628

#SPJ11

The climate that is controlled by elevation more than any other factor is the highland climate.

What is the highland climate?

A highland climate is a climate that is found in high mountainous areas such as the Andes, the Himalayas, and the Rockies. Due to high altitudes, these regions experience cooler temperatures compared to surrounding lowlands, making it difficult for life to thrive.

The temperature, precipitation, and vegetation of highland areas vary depending on factors such as the altitude and slope orientation. Generally, temperatures decrease with altitude, and rainfall increases.

Highland climates usually experience heavy rainfall and fog, especially in the upper elevations. Due to the cold temperatures, vegetation is limited to alpine tundra and montane forests.

countries with highland climates include China, Mongolia, The United States, Nepal, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tibet, Uganda, Kenya, Russia, Georgia, Italy, and Switzerland, among others.

To know more about Highland climates, refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/7665343

#SPJ11

Prairies are the most valuable biome for agriculture in light of the fact that the dirt is by and large profound and fruitful. Very nearly one billion individuals depend on prairies for their occupation or as a food source.

"Arable cultivating" and "Peaceful cultivating" are the two fundamental kinds of agribusiness in light of the accessibility of land. Arable cultivating: This is the development of harvests, for the most part on complement land where the dirt is of more excellent.

Most unmodified prairies are utilized for broad domesticated animal creation, with fire and brushing the essential administration apparatuses.

There are five significant sorts of biomes: amphibian, prairie, timberland, desert, and tundra, however, a portion of these biomes can be additionally partitioned into additional particular classifications, like freshwater, marine, savanna, tropical rainforest, mild rainforest, and taiga. Amphibian biomes incorporate both freshwater and marine biomes.

To learn more about agriculture here

https://brainly.com/question/12568494

#SPJ4

The types of pyroclastic debris include the following: a) lapilli, d) ash, c) blocks, and g) lahars.

Lapilli are small fragments of volcanic debris with a size range between 2 mm to 64 mm. Ash is fine volcanic debris with a size less than 2 mm. Blocks are large, solid pieces of volcanic material that can be greater than 64 mm.

Lahars are mudflows composed of volcanic material mixed with water. Lava, magma, and gas are not considered pyroclastic debris since they are not ejected explosively during volcanic eruptions but rather flow out of the volcano in a more controlled manner.

Learn more about pyroclastic debris on:

https://brainly.com/question/29441395

#SPJ1

The geological features of the terrestrial worlds have been influenced factors such as the initial composition of the protoplanetary disk, the planet's distance from the Sun, its size, the presence or absence of a magnetic field, and others.

The geological features of these planets are thus not predetermined from their birth but are influenced by various factors that continue to act on them.

 The geological features of these planets are therefore not predetermined from their birth but are influenced by a variety of factors that continue to act on them.

What is the Terrestrial World?

Terrestrial planets, also known as rocky planets or telluric planets, are planets that are primarily composed of silicate rocks or metals. In contrast to gas giants, which are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, terrestrial planets have a solid surface layer and a central core that is made up of metal. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the four terrestrial planets in our solar system.

The geology of the terrestrial worlds is therefore dependent on a variety of factors, which include factors such as the planet's size, distance from the Sun, and its history of volcanic activity.

To know more about Terrestrial World, refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/29032123

#SPJ11

Europe's economy has become strong in the last decade primarily due to A. entrepreneurship.

Entrepreneurship has played a crucial role in driving economic growth in Europe, with many startups and innovative businesses contributing to the economy. These businesses have created new jobs, brought new products and services to market, and helped to increase overall productivity.

Communism, on the other hand, is not a major factor in Europe's economic growth. Most European countries have moved away from communism over the past several decades, and instead have adopted market-based economies that prioritize private enterprise and competition.

Find out more on entrepreneurship at https://brainly.com/question/30052137

#SPJ1

The controversial oil drilling project called the Willow project has been approved by the Biden administration, which will be located in the US state of Alaska. The correct option is Alaska.

The Willow project is a proposed oil drilling project by the US oil company ConocoPhillips. The company plans to develop the project on Alaska's North Slope. The Willow project includes the construction of five drill sites, an airstrip, about 28 miles of ice roads, and 85 miles of pipelines, among other facilities. The Willow project is a controversial project because it could harm the wildlife and habitat of the area.

Moreover, environmentalists argue that the project's carbon footprint will contribute to climate change, a matter of global concern. Therefore, environmentalists and other groups are opposing the Willow project, and some have even sued the US government to halt the project. Nonetheless, the Biden administration has approved the Willow project. Alaska is the US state where the Biden administration approved a controversial oil drilling project called the Willow project.

Alaska is the northernmost state of the United States of America. It is the largest state of the country by area and is the 3rd least populated state. Alaska is famous for its rugged, remote wilderness areas, glaciers, mountains, abundant wildlife, and hunting and fishing opportunities. The correct option is Alaska.

For more about controversial:

https://brainly.com/question/14662415

#SPJ11

Chemical reactions in the water and aliens are not significant sources of sediment on the continental shelf. The correct option is d.

Most sediment on the continental shelf is derived from erosion on the continent.

The shallow oceanic area is known as the continental shelf.

It is located next to the shore and extends from the shore to the continental slope.

The water depth in the continental shelf ranges from 100 meters to 200 meters, depending on the location, and the slope of the shelf ranges from 0.1 to 1 degree.

The main source of sediment on the continental shelf is erosion on the continent.

When rocks and soil are exposed to the elements, such as wind, rain, and temperature fluctuations, they begin to erode.

This can result in sediment that is transported by rivers to the ocean and deposited on the continental shelf.

Other sources of sediment on the continental shelf include volcanic eruptions, underwater landslides, and other natural events.

Life in the sea is also a source of sediment, as organisms such as corals and clams produce shells and other materials that eventually break down and contribute to the sediment on the sea floor.

However, the primary source of sediment on the continental shelf is erosion on the continent.

TO KNOW ABOUT Chemical reactions refer here :

https://brainly.com/question/4227051#

#SPJ11

In the past 50 years, the global hydrological environment has experienced great change due to human activities. Human activities that have impacted the global hydrological environment include urbanization, deforestation, agricultural practices, industrial activities, and the burning of fossil fuels.

There have been significant changes in the global hydrological environment over the past 50 years, and the majority of these changes can be attributed to human activities. These activities have had a significant impact on the hydrological cycle, including changes in precipitation patterns, changes in the distribution and availability of water resources, changes in the quality of water resources, and changes in the occurrence and severity of floods and droughts. Urbanization has led to increased impervious surfaces, which has resulted in an increase in runoff and a decrease in infiltration.

Deforestation has led to a decrease in evapotranspiration, which has resulted in a decrease in precipitation. Agricultural practices have led to an increase in irrigation, which has resulted in a decrease in the availability of water resources. Industrial activities have led to an increase in the pollution of water resources, which has resulted in a decrease in the quality of water resources.

to know more about global hydrological environment  refer here

https://brainly.com/question/2500154#

#SPJ11

Answer :  The true dip of that sandstone bed is 25°95'.

The apparent dip of the bed on the walls of the gorge is the angle that the bed strikes across the stream and down the narrow gorge. we calculate the angle of the bed relative to the horizontal plane. The true dip is the angle of inclination of the bed below the horizontal plane.

True dip = 90° - (90° - 25°95') = 25°95'. the true dip of the sandstone bed is 25°95', which is the angle of inclination of the bed below the horizontal plane.

Know more about angle of inclination here:

https://brainly.com/question/29360090

#SPJ11

The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault, which is a type of fault that occurs at the boundary between two tectonic plates.

The San Andreas Fault marks the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. The two plates slide past each other horizontally in opposite directions. As the plates move, they cause earthquakes with deep focus, which are powerful earthquakes that occur far beneath the surface.

An example of a world-famous hot spot is the Hawaii Islands, which form due to magma rising up from the Earth's mantle. This is a form of intraplate volcanism, which occurs at locations that are not on tectonic plate boundaries. In contrast, transform faults are located on plate boundaries, and the San Andreas Fault is a prominent example.

To learn more about San Andreas Fault here:

https://brainly.com/question/11096257#

#SPJ11

Answer:

repeated sequences of graded bedding that begin as coarse material and become finer upward

Explanation:

Evidence that a rock layer was formed from materials deposited by ancient turbidity currents include sedimentary structures such as ripple marks, graded bedding, and load casts. Ripple marks are wave-like undulations formed by currents. Graded bedding occurs when finer-grained material is deposited on top of coarser-grained material. Load casts are hollow molds that form when a current carries material and deposits it.

Other evidence of turbidity current deposits include erosional contact points, angular cross beds, and slump structures. Erosional contact points are found when a turbidity current is so powerful it cuts through underlying strata. Angular cross beds indicate rapid deposition by a fast-moving current.

Know more about rock layer here:

https://brainly.com/question/315862

#SPJ11

The primary reason why North America has a high number of severe thunderstorms is the collision of air masses.

North America is located in an area where cold air from Canada meets warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico. This creates a boundary called a "front" where the two air masses collide, causing the warm air to rise rapidly and form thunderstorms. This collision of air masses occurs frequently in North America, leading to a high number of severe thunderstorms. Additionally, the geography of North America, with its varied topography and large bodies of water, creates ideal conditions for the formation of thunderstorms.

To know more about collision click here:

brainly.com/question/13138178

#SPJ4

The best state to represent a cold continental climate type without a dry season and warm summer is Minnesota. Located in the northern United States, Minnesota experiences cold winters and warm summers due to its location near the Great Lakes and distant from the moderating influence of the Atlantic Ocean.

Summers are warm and humid with temperatures from around 70-85 degrees Fahrenheit (20-30 Celsius). Winters are cold and snowy with temperatures ranging from 0-25 degrees Fahrenheit (-18 to -4 Celsius). The state has four distinct seasons and is known for its extreme seasonal climate changes.

In the winter, snowfall can range from a few inches to several feet in just a few days. The state's cold continental climate type without a dry season and warm summer is best represented in the northern part of the state, with average temperatures ranging from 20-30 degrees Fahrenheit (-7 to -1 Celsius). This type of climate is best suited for cold-weather crops such as wheat, barley, peas, and potatoes.

Know more about Minnesota here

https://brainly.com/question/14521803#

#SPJ11

Phyllite is a kind of rock that also contains quartz, plagioclase, muscovite, and kyanite. Thus, option a is correct.

Phyllite is generally located black to gray, or light greenish-gray in color inside the earth. It has a wrinkled or wavy formation as its foliation. Phyllite is a stable and very soft rock that is formed naturally by the wind. It is mainly used by cemetery markers in buildings.

Phyllites are most typically found in the Dalradian metasediments of northwest Arran areas. Quartz and feldspar are discovered in large amounts in phyllite. Phyllite has a reasonable preference to break into sheets. Tredorn Phyllite and Woolgarden phyllites are found in North Cornwall along the banks of the rivers.

To learn more about Phyllite

https://brainly.com/question/984436

#SPJ4

One similarity in life expectancy between developed and developing countries is that people tend to live longer in both types of countries compared to historical periods.

One difference in life expectancy between developed and developing countries is that there is often a significant gap in life expectancy between the two.

Developed countries generally have higher life expectancies than developing countries due to factors such as greater access to healthcare, higher standards of living, and better infrastructure. In some cases, this gap can be quite large, with people in developed countries living many years longer on average than people in developing countries.

However, it is worth noting that the gap in life expectancy between developed and developing countries has been decreasing over time as developing countries continue to make progress in improving healthcare and other factors that contribute to longer lifespans.

Find out more on life expectancy at https://brainly.com/question/29620958

#SPJ1

CO2 is the most important radiative forcing behind global warming because it is the most abundant of all the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and its residence time in the atmosphere is very long.

This allows it to accumulate and persist over a long period of time, and so its radiative forcing effect is greater than other greenhouse gases with a lower global warming potential and a shorter residence time.

While other greenhouse gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide, have a greater warming potential, they are present in much smaller quantities in the atmosphere than CO2.

Furthermore, CO2 emissions have been increasing steadily due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, leading to a buildup of CO2 in the atmosphere over time

To know about greenhouse gases refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/14131369#

#SPJ11

Evidence Card: Prevailing Winds in a Normal Year.

Explanation of Evidence: Prevailing winds near the equator affect ocean temperatures and currents, which in turn can influence weather patterns globally, including in Christchurch.

Best Supported Claim: Christchurch's air temperature during El Niño years is cooler than usual because the prevailing winds near the equator change, leading to altered ocean temperatures and currents that affect global weather patterns.

The evidence from the Prevailing Winds in a Normal Year card suggests that the prevailing winds near the equator can influence ocean temperatures and currents, which in turn can have a global impact on weather patterns. This information is relevant to the question at hand because El Niño is a phenomenon that occurs when the prevailing winds in the equatorial Pacific weaken or reverse, causing warmer than usual ocean temperatures and altering weather patterns globally.

Therefore, the best-supported claim is that Christchurch's air temperature during El Niño years is cooler than usual because the prevailing winds near the equator change, leading to altered ocean temperatures and currents that affect global weather patterns.

Learn more about temperature on

https://brainly.com/question/24746268

#SPJ1

Temperature, pressure, wind and moisture are measured through the depth of the troposphere using Rawinsonde instrument.

Rawinsonde is an instrument used to measure various meteorological parameters, including wind, temperature, and humidity. Rawinsonde is a balloon-borne instrument that is released into the air, and it sends back data as it rises. The balloon can rise to an altitude of around 100,000 feet before bursting, and the Rawinsonde instrument falls back to Earth. The data from the instrument are used to create a sounding, which is a profile of the atmosphere's temperature, pressure, and humidity as a function of altitude. The troposphere is the region of the atmosphere that is closest to the surface. It extends from the Earth's surface up to about 7-20 kilometers, depending on the latitude. The Rawinsonde instrument is used to measure the various meteorological parameters in the troposphere.

The Rawinsonde instrument consists of a weather balloon that is filled with helium gas. The balloon is released from the surface, and it rises through the atmosphere. As the balloon rises, the Rawinsonde instrument collects data on various meteorological parameters, including wind, temperature, and humidity. The data collected from the instrument are used to create a sounding, which is a profile of the atmosphere's temperature, pressure, and humidity as a function of altitude.

Learn more about troposphere measuring instrument https://brainly.com/question/30624338

#SPJ11

If an igneous rock is in contact with sandstone and the sandstone appears discolored and baked, it can be inferred that the igneous rock is younger than the sandstone.

This is because the heat and pressure generated by the intrusion of the molten igneous rock would have altered the sandstone, creating a zone of contact metamorphism. The high temperatures of the molten rock would have caused the minerals in the sandstone to recrystallize and fuse together, leading to a change in texture and color. This type of contact metamorphism occurs when an intrusion of magma or lava comes into contact with cooler rocks and is a useful tool in determining the relative ages of rocks in an area.

To know more about sandstone click here:

brainly.com/question/13886415

#SPJ4

Taiwan and North Korea are the two East Asian nations that lack major deposits of oil or coal.

What is Coal?

Coal is a black or brownish-black sedimentary rock that is primarily composed of carbon along with various other elements, such as hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.

It is formed from the remains of plants that lived and died millions of years ago and were buried and compacted under pressure in the earth's crust. Coal is an important source of energy and is used for electricity generation, industrial processes, and heating.

It is one of the most abundant fossil fuels in the world and is found in many countries, including the United States, China, India, and Australia.

To know more about Coal visit:

https://brainly.com/question/30560160

#SPJ1

One part of the contiguous U.S. which appears least likely to be impacted by ENSO is the northwestern states.

What is ENSO?

ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) is an irregularly recurring climate pattern, typically occurring every two to seven years, which is the combination of the El Niño and La Niña phases in a way that affects the atmosphere and ocean.

Effects of ENSO:

The El Niño and La Niña phases of ENSO can have a significant impact on climate in various regions across the globe, including the contiguous United States. It can lead to changes in temperature, rainfall, and weather patterns.

How does ENSO affect the northwestern states?

The northwestern states of the contiguous U.S. which include Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, and Wyoming, appear to be the least impacted by ENSO.

They tend to have less variability in temperature and precipitation as compared to the rest of the country. However, there can still be some effects of ENSO on these regions, such as a slightly increased likelihood of drier and warmer conditions during El Niño years.

To know more about ENSO, refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/6560924

#SPJ11

"The characteristics of hot deserts include high temperatures in summer; greater evaporation than precipitation; considerable variation in the occurrence of precipitation, its intensity and distribution; and low humidity."

Hot deserts are characterized by extreme temperatures in summer, with daytime temperatures often reaching above 40°C. The combination of high temperatures and low humidity can make these environments challenging for human habitation. These arid regions typically receive very little rainfall, and what precipitation does occur is often sporadic and highly variable in intensity and distribution.

As a result, evaporation rates are typically much higher than precipitation rates, leading to a scarcity of water and limited vegetation. Despite these challenges, hot deserts are home to a variety of unique plant and animal species that have adapted to survive in these harsh conditions.

Learn more about deserts https://brainly.com/question/25806979

#SPJ11

Answer:

The thickness of each layer in terms of the troposphere's thickness is 1.75 for the stratosphere, 1.75 for the mesosphere, and 20.6 for the thermosphere.

Explanation:

Because of the short length of the carbon-14 half-life, carbon dating is only accurate for items that are thousands to tens of thousands of years old. Most rocks of interest are much older than this. Geologists must therefore use elements with longer half-lives.

Answer: Because of the short length of the carbon-14 half-life, carbon dating is only accurate for items that are thousands of years old. Most rocks that scientists study are much older than thousands.

Hope it helped : D

Answer:

One challenge a representative might face in connecting with rural constituents as compared with constituents in urban areas is the issue of geographic distance. Rural areas are often more spread out and have lower population densities than urban areas, which can make it more difficult for representatives to physically reach their constituents. This can make it harder for representatives to hold town hall meetings, attend community events, and meet with constituents one-on-one. Additionally, rural areas may have limited access to technology and internet connectivity, which can make it harder for representatives to communicate with their constituents through email, social media, and other digital channels. As a result, representatives may need to be more creative in finding ways to connect with their rural constituents, such as holding virtual town hall meetings or partnering with local organizations to reach out to rural communities.

In the event that two glaciers collide, their advancing glacial till meets in the middle as a MEDIAL moraine.

A medial moraine refers to a linear ridge that forms when two glaciers merge or conjoin together. The medial moraine, which is also referred to as the median moraine, runs down the middle of the newly created glacier. A medial moraine may consist of debris that originated from either of the merging glaciers or from the glacial bedrock.

When two glaciers combine, the dirt and rocks on both glaciers combine to form a medial moraine. This linear ridge is generally found in the middle of glaciers, and it can often be seen as a dark line or stripe down the center of a glacier. Medial moraines are formed when two glaciers merge or converge. As the glaciers move closer to one another, they begin to push and shove the rocks and debris that have been trapped within them for years. These rocks and debris are then pushed to the center of the glacier, where they begin to pile up and form a linear ridge known as a medial moraine.

Learn more about moraine at https://brainly.com/question/4366

#SPJ11

Kilauea is not as explosive as the eruption of Mt. St. Helens due to the difference in magma viscosity and gas content. The overall control that dictates this difference is magma composition and gas content.

The magma composition of Kilauea is primarily basaltic, which has a low viscosity, and gas content is less than that of Mt. St. Helens. Due to these properties, the lava can flow easily and doesn't create any blockages or blockage pressure. Hence, the eruption is effusive and not explosive. The effusive eruption leads to slow-moving lava flows that do not have the potential to be very destructive.

On the other hand, Mt. St. Helens has an andesitic composition, which has a higher viscosity and more gas content. It leads to the creation of blockages within the vent of the volcano, which ultimately leads to an explosive eruption. When the pressure built up inside the vent due to the blockage, it eventually led to an explosive eruption.

The difference in the viscosity of magma, and gas content is an overall control that dictates the difference between the two volcanoes' eruption. Therefore, it is concluded that the difference in magma composition and gas content is responsible for the difference in the explosiveness of Kilauea and Mt. St. Helens' eruption.

To know more about Kilauea, refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/14301546#

#SPJ11

Basaltic lava is the most fluid type of lava and can therefore travel further than other types of lava. This is because basaltic lava is composed of lower viscosity magma that is able to flow over greater distances due to its lower density.

This type of lava is also the most common type of lava, which means it is the most likely to be found on Earth’s surface. Rhyolitic lava is more viscous than basaltic lava and therefore does not travel as far.

This is because rhyolitic lava is composed of higher silica and has a higher viscosity than basaltic lava. Andesitic lava is less viscous than rhyolitic lava, but more viscous than basaltic lava.

Andesitic lava is composed of minerals that create a mix of both low and high viscosity magma. Finally, dacitic lava is the least fluid type of lava and therefore has the shortest travel distance. This is because the minerals in dacitic lava create a high viscosity magma that is not able to flow as far as other types of lava.

In summary, basaltic lava is the most fluid type of lava and is therefore able to travel further than other types

Know more about Basaltic lava here

https://brainly.com/question/10109049#

#SPJ11