Factories in the midwest spew out nitrogen oxide and sulfur that fall as acid rain in the northeast, and northeastern states can do nothing about it.
What is acid rain?
Due to atmospheric pollution, rainfall has become so acidic that it harms the environment, primarily lakes and forests. Burning coal and other fossil fuels for industrial purposes produces waste gases that are high in sulphur and nitrogen oxides, which react with atmospheric water to form acids. The main reason for acid rain is this.
This concept is usually referred to as "acid rain" because it covers a range of acidic precipitation. Acidic deposition can happen in two different ways: moist and dry. Wet deposition is the general term for any sort of precipitation that removes acids from the atmosphere and deposits them on the surface of the planet.
Chemicals released by Midwest factories end up in the Northeast as acid rain, and the region's states are powerless to stop it on their own. Only federal regulations can address that. Different laws may have negative repercussions that spread from one state to another.
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The pituitary gland releases many different areas of the body. different hormones which affect
The pituitary gland controls metabolism, growth, sexual maturation, reproduction, blood pressure, and many other vital physical functions and processes.
(Puberty is a big catch-all.)
if 34.4 grams of pentane (c5h12) are burned in excess oxygen, how many grams of h2o will be produced?
If 34.4 g of pentane (C₅H₁₂) are burnt in excess oxygen, 50.7 g of H₂O will be produced.
The balanced chemical reaction when pentane is burned in excess oxygen is :
C₅H₁₂ + 8O₂ → 5CO₂ + 6H₂O
It is a Combustion reaction.
From above balanced chemical reaction,
Molar ratio of pentane and H₂O is - 1 : 6
Given mass of pentane = 34.4 g
Molar mass of pentane = 72.1 g
Number of moles of pentane = Given Mass
Molar mass
Number of moles = 34.4 = 0.4 moles
72.1
Since, 1 mole of pentane produces 6 moles of H₂O
Therefore,
Moles of water produced by 0.47 moles of pentane,
= 0.4 x 6 = 2.8 moles
Mass of H₂O = Number of moles x molar mass
Mass of H₂O = 2.8 x 18.0 = 50.7 g
Therefore, mass of H₂O produced will be 50.7 grams.
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the molecular geometry of a water molecule is [ select ] , including [ select ] lone pairs of electrons. this causes the overall shape of the molecule to be [ select ] . each bond in the water molecule is [ select ] and the overall molecule is [ select ] . bonds between separate water molecules are [ select ] bonds.
Water molecule has distorted tetrahedral geometry. O atom has 2 lone pairs and 2 bond pairs of electrons.
What is electrons?The electric charge of the electron, a subatomic particle, is a negative one elementary charge. Since they have no known components or substructure, electrons, which are part of the lepton particle family's first generation, are typically regarded to be elementary particles. The proton's mass is around 1836 times greater than that of the electron.
The electron's inherent angular momentum (spin), which is measured in terms of the scaled-down Planck constant,, is one of its quantum mechanical properties. The Pauli exclusion principle states that because electrons are fermions, no two of them may be in the same quantum state. Since they can collide with other particles and can be diffracted like light, electrons share characteristics with all elementary particles.
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specify whether each of the items listed is hydrophilic or hydrophobic by dragging the labels into the appropriate box.
Hydrophilic;
Polar compounds
water
ions
glucose
Hydrophobic;
Triglycerides
cholesterol
Lipids
Oil
Carbohydrates
The term hydrophilic substances are used to describe the substances that could dissolve in water. They are those substances that are water-soluble. Somehow, the substances must be polar because in chemistry like dissolve.
Hydrophobic substances are those substances that do not dissolve in water. They are nonpolar and interact with other nonpolar substances.
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Although part of your question is missing the complete question is to specify whether each of the items listed is hydrophilic or hydrophobic by dragging the labels into the appropriate box.
Hydrophilic;
Polar compounds
water
ions
glucose
Hydrophobic;
Triglycerides
cholesterol
Lipids
Oil
Consider the combustion of methane (ch)4. suppose 39.8g of ch4 combust according to the following balanced equation. how much heat would be absorbed or produced? h=-890.1kj/mol
The amount of heat absorbed or produced by the combustion of 39.8 g of CH₄ is 2214 kJ.
The reaction of combustion of methane(CH₄) is as follows:
CH₄ + 2O₂ ⇒ CO₂ + 2H₂O
The ΔH for combustion of methane is given to be -890.1 kJ/mol.
This is the value of heat released when the combustion of 1 mole of CH₄ occurs.
The molar mass of methane is 16 g.
As the heat released by 16g of CH₄ is 890 kJ.
The heat released by 39.8 g of CH₄ is 890/16 x 39.8 = 2214 kJ.
Thus, the amount of heat absorbed or produced by the combustion of 39.8 g of CH₄ is 2214 kJ.
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the series in the he spectrum that cooresponds to the set of transitions where the electron falls from a higher level
The group of transitions in the he spectrum where the electron drops from a higher level into the n = 4 state.
What is spectram series?
With wavelengths determined by the Rydberg formula, the emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen has been segmented into a variety of spectral series. The electron in an atom moves between two energy levels, producing the spectral lines that have been observed.
A group of lines in the spectrum of light generated by excited atoms of an element, each line in the group being connected to the others by a straightforward mathematical equation and being associated with a certain energy level of the element's atoms.
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a closed vessel having a volume of 1 liter holds 1.2 × 1022 molecules of nitrogen gas. for the nitrogen, determine (a) the amount present, in kmol and kg, and (b) the specific volume, in m3 /kmol and m3 /kg.
The amount present, in kmol and kg is 0.0005572 Kg and the specific volume, in m3 /kmol and m3 /kg is 1.795 m^3/ Kg.
a) Amount of N2 gas present,
in Kmol = 0.0000199 Kmol
In Kg = 0.0005572 Kg
b) Specific volumes,
in m^3/ Kmol = 50.25 m^3/Kmol
in m^3/ Kg = 1.795 m^3/ Kg
What is specific volume?The ratio of a substance's volume (V) to its mass (M) is known as the substance's specific volume, which is considered an inherent feature of a substance in thermodynamics.
Engineering and thermodynamic calculations for physics and chemistry most frequently employ specific volume. It is used to forecast how gases will behave when circumstances change.
One measurement of a material's specific volume is the number of cubic meters that one kilograms of a certain substance takes up. The standard unit is the meter cubed per kilogram (m 3 /kg or m 3 · kg -1 ).
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The bubbles that you feel on your tongue when you drink soda pop are due to what chemical substance?
The bubbles that you feel on your tongue when you drink soda pop are due to corbon dioxide (CO2).
People have the feel the bubbles bursting in their mouths when they drink soda pop these bubbles happen because of carbonation process. corbon dioxide beverages are produced by dissolving carbon dioxide in liquid, under high pressure. popping open a can or bottle of the liquid reduces that pressure, and releasing the carbon dioxide in the form of bubbles. that's why the bubbles that you feel on your tongue is because of corbon dioxide (CO2) which is present on drink soda as a chemical substance.
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What is the major organic product obtained from the following sequence of reactions? ch3ch=ch2 hf hno3 h2so4 nacr2o7 h2so4
The compound "A" further reacted with HNO3 and h2so (Nitration reaction mixture) to produce compound "B".
What is nitration reaction?Nitration is a broad category of chemical reactions used in organic chemistry to add a nitro group to an organic molecule. The phrase is also wrongly used to refer to a distinct technique of creating nitrate esters when nitric acid and alcohols are combined (as occurs in the synthesis of nitroglycerin).Benzene is nitrated using HNO3 in the nitrating mixture. For the nitration of benzene, it serves as a base and supplies the electrophile NO2+ ion. The attacking species is the nitronium ion that is produced.Concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid are combined to create a nitrating mixture. It is used to add nitro groups to the substrate that has been provided. It is a reaction of the electrophilic substitution variety.Nitric acid is activated by sulfuric acid in the first step of nitration (HNO3 H N O 3 ). The activation of nitric acid results in the formation of the nitronium ion. A highly soluble substance that is frequently used as a reactant in chemical reactions is sulfuric acid (H2SO4 H 2 S O 4).The compound "A" further reacted with HNO3 and h2so (Nitration reaction mixture) to produce compound "B".
The compound "B" on further reaction with Strong Oxidizing agent like nacr2o7 h2so4 produces Carboxylic acid.
Alkyl groups that contain benzylic hydrogens undergo Oxidation to acids with strong oxidizing agents.
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5. Bismuth has a density of 9.75 g/cm³. What is the mass of 3.02 cm' of
bismuth
The mass of 3.02 cm³ of Bismuth is 29.45 grams.
Bismuth is an element that belongs to group 15 of the periodic table.
We know that the density(ρ) of a substance is given by the following formula,
Density (ρ) = Mass of the substance/Volume of the substance
As the density and volume of the metal are given, the mass of the element can be calculated by putting the given values in the given formula.
9.75 g/cm³ = Mass/3.02 cm³
Mass = 29.45 grams
Thus, the mass of 3.02 cm³ of Bismuth is 29.45 grams.
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When the solutes are evenly distributed throughout a solution, we say the solution has reached _______.
The answer would be equilibrium i.e., when the solutes are evenly distributed throughout a solution, we say that solution has reached equilibrium.
Diffusion is the unbidden motion of piece from high concentration to low concentration.
There are two types of diffusion:
1. Diffusion through a fluid : If you pour few drops of violet color in the container containing water it will mixed evenly in the container until equilibrium achieved.
2. Diffusion across a membrane : It is the method in which solutes are proceed through the concentration gradient in a solution over a semipermeable membrane. The abetment of membrane proteins is not necessary during this process of diffusion accordingly substances move from higher concentration to lower concentrations.
And in this way equilibrium achieved.
Hence, in conclusion the answer will be the equilibrium.
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Briefly describe why fatty acid breakdown referred to as beta-oxidation? be sure to explain the term beta
The bond is broken between the second carbon/beta carbon and the third carbon/gamma carbon, hence name beta oxidation.
What is beta?Beta (β) is a measure of volatility—or systematic risk—of a security or portfolio compared to the market as a whole (usually the S&P 500). Stocks with betas higher than 1.0 can be interpreted as a more volatile than the S&P 500.
Beta is used in capital asset pricing model (CAPM), which describes the relationship between systematic risk and expected return for assets (usually stocks). CAPM is widely used as a method for pricing the risky securities and for generating estimates of the expected returns of assets, considering both the risk of those assets and the cost of capital.
For an odd-chain fatty acid B-oxidation proceeds normally until last round. When five carbons are left, that round of B-oxidation releases the one acetyl-CoA and one propionyl-CoA.
Propionyl-CoA cannot be further metabolized by B-oxidation; however, a separate set of the enzymes converts propionyl-CoA into succinyl-CoA, which can then enter the citric acid cycle
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determine the number of valence electrons in each of the following neutral atoms carbon nitrogen oxygen iodine
The number of valence electrons in given neutral atoms, i.e. carbon is 4, nitrogen is 5, oxygen is 6 and iodine is 7
Valence electrons refers to the number of electrons that are present in the very last shell of the atom.
These electron can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed.
Carbon :
Atomic Number = 6
Electronic configuration is - 2, 4
Hence, number of valence electrons = 4
Nitrogen :
Atomic number = 7
Electronic configuration is - 2, 5
Hence, number of valence electrons = 5
Oxygen :
Atomic Number = 8
Electronic configuration is - 2, 6
Hence, number of valence electrons = 6
Iodine :
Atomic Number = 53
Electronic configuration is - 2, 8, 18, 8, 7
Hence, number of valence electrons = 7
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When setting up the distillation setup, which port on the condenser serves as the water inlet?
The answer would be the round- bottom flask. When setting up the distillation setup and the round-bottom flask port serves as the water inlet.
As the round-bottom flasks is used for the boiling and also known as boiling flask.
Hence it permit the flask to have a uniform heating all over the process. The heat dispense equally in the entire process.
It is also called as RB flask.
Discovered by Emil Erlenmeyer and this equipment made from Pyrex glass.
Round-bottom flasks are the kind of flasks having spherical bottoms used as experimental glassware, generally used for chemical or biochemical work.
Hence, The port farthest from the RB flask.
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What laboratory test is best for screening for iron deficiency in a population of 1 to 3 year old children who have a high incidence of elevated blood lead levels?
The best laboratory test for detecting iron deficiency in a population of 1 to 3 year old kids with a high incidence of increased blood lead levels is the serum ferritin test.
What is serum ferritin?
The quantity of iron stored in your body is directly correlated with the level of ferritin in your blood (serum ferritin level). Red blood cells need iron in order to be healthy. To the tissues of the body, these cells deliver oxygen. If you exhibit any of the warning signs or symptoms of iron deficiency anemia, your doctor may advise you to get this test.
Hemochromatosis, a disorder in which your body retains an excessive amount of iron, may cause ferritin test results to be high. However, other medical disorders might also be the cause of increased ferritin levels.
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Drag each tile to the correct location. what types of mixtures are these? a cup of tea and sugar a bucket full of sand and gravel food coloring dissolved in water peanuts and almonds mixed together in a bowl homogeneous mixture or hetrogeneous mixture
A water pail filled with sand and pebbles is homogenous, as are a cup of tea and sugar.
Any sample of a solid, liquid, or gaseous mixture that has the same component ratios is said to be homogenous. They have a consistent appearance throughout and its constituent parts are dispersed equally. The components of a heterogeneous mixture have varying quantities across the sample. In a heterogeneous mixture, the components are distinct and not uniformly distributed. Any mixture whose composition is not uniform is referred to as a heterogeneous mixture. Almonds and peanuts together in a bowl: Almonds and peanuts are clearly visible in a bowl, but they are not uniformly placed or arranged.
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true or false: sn2 mechanism for nucleophilic substitution reactions involves one step and occurs with inversion of configuration.
Sₙ2 mechanism for nucleophilic substitution reactions involves one step and occurs with inversion of configuration. - True
The rate determining step in Nucleophilic bimolecular Substitution reaction involves the presence of both substrate and the attacking nucleophile as in this mechanism the the process of bonding of substrate with the nucleophile takes place simultaneously with the process in which the leaving group is leaving the substrate. \
Rate α [Substrate][attacking nucleophile]
So, the reaction takes place in one step.
Also, the attacking nucleophile attacks on the opposite side of the leaving group of the substrate, so this reaction occurs with inversion in configuration.
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Physics 204 lab gas properties simulation why do the numbers fluctuate in the simulation?
With the use of a straightforward user interface, GasSim lets users change the temperature, volume, or number of moles of a chosen gas while also assessing how the simulation variable's effect on pressure changes.
What are the properties of gas?
Three distinctive qualities distinguish gases:
They are simple to compress, they increase in size to fill their containers, and they take up far more room than the liquids or solids from which they originate.
Gases don't have a fixed volume or shape. They entirely occupy all of the available area. The ability of gas particles to travel freely throughout the accessible area is the cause of the characteristic or properties of gases to fill the available volume within a container.
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in their experiment that showed that organic compounds and amino acids could have been synthesized in an abiotic environment, urey and miller combined which gases in a flask to simulate the early earth’s atmosphere?
In their experiment that showed that organic compounds and amino acids could have been synthesized in an abiotic environment, urey and miller combined hydrogen , methane , ammonia and water vapor gases in a flask to simulate the early earth’s atmosphere .
Organic compounds can be synthesized in a laboratory setting .There are four major categories of organic compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids all of which can be synthesized in a laboratory. Organic compounds are identified by the presence of both carbon and hydrogen (and sometimes other elements like O, N, S). The carbon dioxide is not an organic compound There are no H atoms, hence carbon dioxide is not organic . There are hundreds of thousands of organic compounds .
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21g of c2h5oh is place in a contanier with 41g of oxygen gas. if the reaction at a certain temperature. how many grams of co2 do you expect to collect in this reaction
Answer:
31.91 grams of CO2 would be collected in this reactionExplanation:
Given that
Mass of C₂H₅OH = 21gm.Molar mass of C= 46 gm/mol.So,
[tex]mole = \frac{mass}{molar \; mass}[/tex]
[tex]mole \; of\;C_2H_5OH= \frac{21}{46}[/tex] = 0.46 mole.
mass of oxygen O₂ = 41gm,molar mass of O₂ = 32gm/mole,[tex]mole \; of\;O_2= \frac{41}{32} = 1.28 \;mole,[/tex]
Reaction
[tex]C_2H_5OH + 3O_2\rightarrow \; 2CO_2+3H_2O[/tex]
O₂ is limiting react out.
3 mole O₂ produced = 2 mole CO₂.
1 mole O₂ produced = [tex]\frac{2}{3}[/tex] mole CO₂.
1.28 mole O₂ produced = [tex]\frac{2}{3} \times1.28[/tex] mole CO₂.
mole of CO₂ = [tex]\frac{2}{3} \times1.28 = 0.85 \; mole,[/tex]
mass of CO₂ = mole × molar mass
mass of CO₂ = 0.85 × 44 = 37.54 gm.
If reaction is 85% efficient is given hance,
mass of CO₂ = 37.54 × [tex]\frac{85}{100}[/tex] = 31.91 gm.
Answer: Hance the mass of CO₂ is 31.91gm.
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True or false. test tubes, spot and/or well plate will be used to combine substances in bottles and form a reaction.
The answer is true.
What is a Chemical reaction?Chemical reaction is the transformation of one or more chemicals (the reactants) into one or more distinct compounds (the products). Chemical elements or chemical compounds make up substances. In a chemical reaction, the atoms that make up the reactants are rearranged to produce various products.When one or more chemicals are transformed into one or more other compounds, a chemical reaction takes place. Example: the formation of rust when iron and oxygen combine. Sodium acetate, carbon dioxide, and water are produced when vinegar and baking soda are combined.Nuclear reactions are processes involving the atomic nucleus. Reactants are the chemicals that take part in a chemical reaction. The resulting materials are referred to as products. The reactants' characteristics are different from those of the products. Also Known As: Chemical Change, Reaction.
True or false. test tubes, spot and/or well plate will be used to combine substances in bottles and form a reaction.
The answer is true.
All are related to reactions their monitoring and purification.
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What effect does a 300 mosmolar solution of a non-penetrating solute have on a cell, and how does this differ from the effect of a 300 mosmolar solution of a penetrating solute?
The effect a 300 mosmolar solution of a non-penetrating solute have on a cell.
What are non penetrating and penetrating solutes?
These solute particles' capacity to penetrate or not penetrate the membranes separating the solutions is referred to as "penetrating and non penetrating." Penetrating solutes: substances capable of penetrating a membrane. Non-penetrating solutes are those that are incapable of permeating a membrane.
Since the water concentrations in the intracellular and extracellular fluid are the same and the solutes cannot enter or exit the cells, if cells are placed in a solution of nonpenetrating solutes with an osmolarity of 300 mOsm, they will neither expand nor shrink.
An isotonic fluid will be non-penetrating and have no impact on the cell. A hypotonic solution is always produced by penetrating solutes, which will lyse the cell.
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The process of gas molecules moving quickly and spreading out in all directions is called
Answer:
Diffusion
Explanation:
Diffusion is the process in which gas molecules move from a region of higher to lower concentration.
the complete oxidation of one mole of a sugar produces carbon dioxide and water. 2000 kj of heat is transferred from the system to the surroundings. the rearrangement of bonds as 0.5 moles of the sugar are oxidized generates heat in an open test tube (101 j•l–1pressure and 300 k temperature).
In complete oxidation of one mole of a sugar, change in enthalpy is -1000kJ.
According to the first law of thermodynamics,
Δ U = Q + W
w = 0.
Heat (q) generated by 0.5 mole of sugar = -2000 kJ
So, 1 mole of sugar will generate amount of heat is
= -2000kJ * 0.5
= -1000 kJ
So, putting the values into the formula
ΔU = q + w
= -1000 kJ + 0
= -1000 kJ
Additionally, in accordance with the definition of enthalpy, enthalpy and internal energy have the following relationships.
ΔH = ΔU + PΔV
As change in volume is 0.
ΔH = ΔU
= -1000 kJ
We may say that the system's change in enthalpy (ΔH) is -1000 kJ.
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Magnesium acts similar to sodium when forming an ionic bond in terms of losing or gaining electrons. what is the most likely way in which an atom of magnesium (mg) will satisfy the octet rule when it forms bonds? by losing two electrons by losing four electrons by gaining six electrons by gaining eight electrons
Answer:
C. by gaining 6 electrons
Explanation:
The most likely way in which an atom of magnesium (Mg) will satisfy the octet rule when it forms bonds is by losing two electrons.
What is octet rule?
The octet rule, a chemical guideline, is based on the idea that main-group elements normally bind so that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electrical configuration as a noble gas. Although more broadly applicable to the s-block and p-block of the periodic table, the rule is particularly applicable to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and halogens. For example, the duplet rule for hydrogen and helium or the 18-electron rule for transition metals apply to other elements.
An atom of magnesium (mg) will most likely lose two electrons when it makes bonds in order to satisfy the octet rule.
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an aqueous solution of 0.783 m silver nitrate, , has a density of 1.11 g/ml. the percent by mass of in the solution is %
The percent by mass in the solution is 40.1%
Take a sample of this solution equal to 1 L. Utilize the supplied density to calculate its mass.
1.00L * 1000mL /1L * 1.47 g/mL = 1470 g
This 1.00-L solution will now include
n=c*V
c=n V
n=3.47 moles/L*1.00Lfrom n=3.47moles/L*1.00L.
Calculate how many grams of silver nitrate would contain this many moles 3.47 by using the molar mass of the compound.
mols of AgNO3
169.87 g*1 mole AgNO3 = 589.4 g AgNO3
The mass of the solute, in your case silver nitrate, is divided by the mass of the solution and multiplied by 100 to determine the solution's percent concentration by mass.
%w/w = Mass of solute/mass of solution x100
%w/w=589.4g
1470g×100=40.1%
The percent by mass in the solution is 40.1%
draw a generic Lewis structure for a molecule formed between atoms of group 1 and group 16 elements
The generic Lewis structure of a molecule formed between atoms of group 1 and group 16 elements is shown in the image attached.
What is a Lewis structure?A Lewis structure is a representation of a molecule that contains the symbol of the elements that could be found in the molecule along side the number of electrons in the valence shell of each atom shown as dots.
The dots could show the electrons that are shared as in a covalent bond, electrons that are transferred as in an ionic bond, or even a nonbonding pair of electrons.
We are now going to use sodium oxide to demonstrate the generic Lewis structure of a molecule formed between atoms of group 1 and group 16 elements is shown in the image attached.
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A 2.40-mol sample of oxygen gas is confined to a 4.91-l vessel at a pressure of 8.05 atm. find the average translational kinetic energy of the oxygen molecules under these conditions.
A 2.40-mol sample of oxygen gas is confined to a 4.91-l vessel at a pressure of 8.05 atm, average translational kinetic energy of the oxygen molecules under these conditions is 4.15*10power-21
What is kinetic energy?The kinetic energy is energy that an object has because of its motion. If we want to accelerate an object, then we have to must apply a force, applying a force requires us to do work. After the work has been done, the energy has been transferred to the object, and the object will be moving with a new constant speed. The energy transferred is known as the kinetic energy, and it depends on the mass and speed achieved.
Kinetic energy can be transferred between the objects and transformed into other kinds of energy. For example, a flying squirrel might collide with the stationary chipmunk. Following the collision, some of initial kinetic energy of the squirrel might have been transferred into the chipmunk or transformed to some other form of energy.
How to calculate kinetic energy?To calculate the kinetic energy, we follow the reasoning outlined above and begin by finding the work done, W, by a force, F, in a simple example, consider a box of mass m being pushed through distance d along a surface by a force parallel to that surface.
K.E.=3/2 KbT
=3/2[(8.05*1.013*10power5*4.91*10power-3)/2.40*6.022*10power23)]
=4.15*10power-21
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what quantity in moles of phosphorus atoms do you have if you have 4.60 × 10²² atoms of phosphorus. (the mass of one mole of phosphorus is 30.97 g.)
4.60 × 10²² atoms P = 4.60 × 10²²/6.023 ×10²³ mole of P which is adequate to 0.0763 mole P
What are moles?
A mole is defined because the volume of substance that has the same number of discrete entities as a 12 g sample of pure 12C (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.). The Latin meaning of the term "mole" is "large mass" or "bulk," which is acceptable given that it is used as the name for this unit.
Now for the given question,
6.023 ×10²³ atoms Phosphorus = 1 mole of P
Thus, 4.60 × 10²² atoms P = 4.60 ×10²²/6.023 × 10²³ mole of P which is adequate to 0.0763 mole P.
How do u calculate mass?
Mass is usually constant for a body. a method to calculate mass: Mass = volume × density. Weight is that the measure of the gravitational force acting on a mass. The SI unit of mass is "kilogram"
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4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium chlorosulfonate: a new ionic liquid exhibiting chlorosulfonic acid action as monoprotic brönsted acid and no sulfonating reagent
4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium chlorosulfonate: a new ionic liquid exhibiting chlorosulfonic acid action as monoprotic brönsted acid and no sulfonating reagent
What is chlorosulfonic acid action?
The most significant method of producing chlorosulfonic acid includes the direct reaction of hydrogen chloride with oil or sulphur trioxide, and this method is frequently used in the reagent's production.
While our earlier research and a few reports demonstrated that chlorosulfonic acid operates as a monoprotic Brönsted acid, many journals still regarded it as a sulfonating and sulfating agent. Therefore, in the current study, we choose to address this query by examining the interaction between DMAP and chlorosulfonic acid. First, a brand-new ionic liquid called 4-dimethylaminopyridinium chlorosulfonate was created, and several spectroscopic methods were used to reveal its chemical structure. Another derivative that was created and displayed a similar NMR signal was 4-dimethylaminopyridinium hydrogen sulphate. The synthesis of 4-dimethylaminopyridinium chlorosulfonate is supported by the NMR spectra investigations of the reactants, the new ionic liquid, and 4-dimethylaminopyridinium hydrogen sulphate. The spectroscopic findings led to the exclusion of the synthesis of N-sulfonic acid-4-dimethylaminopyridinium chloride or 4-dimethylaminopyridinium sulphate as well as an excess of chlorosulfonic acid and sulfuric acid. Finally, the thermal behaviour and stability of the novel ionic liquid were examined, and a potential mechanism for its degradation was proposed based on a TGA/DTA analysis.
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