Answer:
Reproductive isolation is defined as processes that prevent individuals of different populations from mating, survival or producing fertile offspring. Reproductive isolation is critical for driving speciation and maintaining species identity,
Explanation:
isolation is known to contribute to divergent evolution, resulting in unique phenotypes. Oftentimes morphologically distinct populations are found to be interfertile while reproductive isolation is found to exist within nominal morphological species revealing the existence of cryptic species. These disparities can be difficult to predict or explain especially when they do not reflect an inferred history of common ancestry which suggests that environmental factors affect the nature of ecological divergence. A series of laboratory experiments and observational studies were used to address what role biogeographic factors may play in the ecological divergence of Hyalella amphipods. It was found that geographic isolation plays a key role in the evolution of reproductive isolation and divergent morphology and that divergence cannot be explained by molecular genetic variation.
in drosophila, an ncrna called rox is involved in dosage compensation. rox is part of the msl complex, which binds to the x chromosome and recruits histone-modifying enzymes to the chromatin. rox is required for the msl to bind to the x chromosome. what function is this ncrna playing?
In Drosophila, an ncRNA plays a crucial role in directing Rox RNA and its non-coding genes for protein production.
RoX RNA can be a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) shown inside the male-specific dangerous (MSL) complex and is required for sex estimation compensation in Drosophila.
This can be fulfilled by the MSL complex official to the X chromosome and inciting histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation and licenses for the course of action of euchromatin. These ncRNAs were, to start found in RNA removed from neuronal cells.
Two roX RNAs have been recognized inside the MSL complex from Drosophila melanogaster and have shown up to be directed over different drosophila species.
The two roX RNAs, known as roX1 and roX2 have been shown up to differentiate in the basic course of action and course of action length but despite these contrasts, they both contain an MSL definitive area and are essentially redundant.
Cloning roX qualities and resulting gathering course of action from a few unmistakable drosophila species recognized some directed districts and it was moreover taken note that roX RNA is because it appeared in male flies.
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A company is growing algae in big tanks to make fish food. However, the algae is not growing very quickly, and they suspect either phosphorus, nitrogen, or iron is limiting. What could the company do to figure out which nutrient is limiting?a)Add phosphorus to one tank, nitrogen to another, and iron to a third, and see which treatment increases algal growth.b)Add phosphorus, iron, and nitrogen to all tanks, and see which nutrient increases algal growth.c)Add phosphorus to all tanks, because phosphorus is the nutrient that limits algal growth.d)Add nitrogen to all tanks, because nitrogen is the nutrient that limits algal growth.
Experiment
In this experiment, as the question the investigators are trying to answer is what component is the limiting one, it is necessary to test every one of them, independently. Therefore, the best option is to change the concentration of one of them and leave the rest unchanged. To accomplish this, would be necessary three different tanks, one for phosphorus, one for iron, and one for nitrogen (option A).
To determine which nutrient is limiting algal growth, the company can add phosphorus to one tank, nitrogen to another, and iron to a third, and see which treatment increases algal growth. Therefore, option A is correct.
By adding each nutrient separately to different tanks and observing the effects on algal growth, the company can identify which nutrient is limiting. If the addition of phosphorus to one tank leads to increased algal growth, it suggests that phosphorus was the limiting nutrient.
Similarly, if the addition of nitrogen or iron to their respective tanks results in increased algal growth, it indicates that nitrogen or iron, respectively, was the limiting nutrient. Thus, option A is correct.
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The five types of cells found in the epidermis are stem cells, keratinocytes, tactile cells, dendritic cells, and?.
What 2 events in nature can hinder the process of carbohydrate production? Explain your answer. Use the sentence frame: “___ can hinder carbohydrate production because ____.”
Stormy weather and very low temperature events in nature can hinder the process of carbohydrate production because some plants may grow more quickly under conditions of moderate heat and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide.
The carbohydrate production is caused by the photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis- The process through which some species of living things and plants transform sunlight into energy. Green plants collect and use light energy during photosynthesis to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into organic molecules rich in oxygen and energy (glucose).
This mechanism primarily provides energy to the planet's life systems. By the norms of human engineering, it is not particularly effective, but it gets the job done.
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when a decrease in blood pressure is detected by the central nervous system, the central nervous system triggers several changes that will return the blood pressure to its set point. this is an example of
When the central nervous system detects a drop in blood pressure, it initiates a series of changes that return the blood pressure to its normal level. This is an illustration of negative feedback.
What detects blood pressure changes and allows the nervous system to respond?
Baroreceptors (or venta trial stretch receptors) are pressure sensors in the heart's right atrium that detect changes in blood pressure and volume when it returns to the heart. Those same receptors transmit information to the central nervous system via the vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve).
Baroreceptors detect decreased arterial pressure and initiate a sympathetic response. Due to this, the heartbeat and cardiac contractility speed up, raising blood pressure in the process.
Therefore, the central nervous system triggers several changes that will return the blood pressure to its set point in negative feedback.
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Name and explain four types of changes in chromosome structure.
Solution:
The four types of chromosomal structural abnormalities can be grouped into the following two groups:
Balanced structural anomalies:
1. Translocations: simple or complex movement of chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes. Chromosome breaks and a part of it is attached to a different chromosome.
2. Inversion: where the chromosomal region is flipped so that it points in the opposite direction. That is, part of a chromosome breaks off at two points and the segment in between turns upside down and then rejoins the same chromosome.
Unbalanced structural anomalies:
3. Duplication: where part of a chromosome is copied. This means that a part of the chromosome is duplicated or has two copies. The result is additional chromosomal material.
4. Deletion: where part of a chromosome is removed. That is, there is DNA loss.
unstable plaque, a condition of atherosclerotic heart disease, occurs in unstable angina and myocardial infarction. unstable plaque can rupture, causing platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. what are the major determinants of the vulnerability of plaque to rupture? select all that apply.
Due to ongoing inflammation, collagen degradation (linked to macrophages), lipid buildup (core development), weakening of the cap, and delayed healing and repair (smc-related).
What causes aggregation of the platelets?Collagen, ristocetin, arachidonic acid, adenosine 5′-diphosphate, adrenaline, and thrombin are examples of substances that can excite platelets and subsequently cause aggregation. A diagnostic pattern for various abnormalities of platelet function is provided by the response to these aggregating drugs (also referred to as agonists).
Which medication stops platelet aggregation?The most popular antiplatelet medication, aspirin, alters the ratio of prostacyclin to thromboxane, which prevents platelet aggregation (that promotes aggregation). In high-risk patients, aspirin effectively lowers the risk of cardiovascular events. Aspirin's primary known effect on hemostasis is to suppress platelet thromboxane A2 production, which reduces platelet aggregation.
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What are the different functions of the pancreas, and how is the pancreas directly related to digestion?.
The pancreas are associated with both exocrine and endocrine functions and they are directly related to digestion as they secrete pancreatic juice into the small intestine.
Pancreas is the organ whose major function can be characterized as the conversion of energy in the food into a form that can be used by the body of an organism.
The endocrine function of the pancreas is associated with regulating the sugar levels in the blood. On the other hand, the exocrine function of the pancreas is associated with the digestion process.
Pancreas is directly related to the digestion process because pancreatic juice is released into the duodenum region of the small intestine. The pancreatic juice contains digestive enzymes for the breakdown of food.
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All cells require energy because all cells are constantly
What contribution did Thompson add to the understanding of the atom?
a
Discovered that electrons orbit the nucleus. B
Discovered the nucleus of the atom using the Gold Foil experiment
c
Reasoned that atoms are indivisible. D
Discovered a subatomic particle (protons or, neutrons or , electrons)
The contribution that thompson did add to the understanding of the atom was that he Discovered that electrons orbit the nucleus.That is option A.
What is an atom?An atom is defined as the smallest indivisible part of an element that is made up of central nucleus with electrons that revolves round about it.
There are various scientist that contributed towards the study and understanding of atoms and they include the following:
Democritus, John Dalton, J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr, Robert Millikan and Irwin Schrodinger.Joseph John Thompson or J.J. Thomson in 1879 proposed the existence of electrons that revolves round the nucleus of an atom.
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Excitability is the ability of a cell to receive and respond to stimulus by changing its membrane potential. True or false?.
True Excitability is the ability of a cell to receive and respond to stimulus by changing its membrane potential.
What is Excitability ?The capacity to react to a stimulus, which may be from a motor neuron or a hormone, is known as excitability. The capacity of a muscle to be stretched is known as extensibility.
The muscle cell membrane's ion permeability qualities are momentarily altered by a neurotransmitter. Each muscle fibre in a muscle contracts once a motor neuron has activated.Every living thing reacts to stimuli. Anything that can cause a live entity to physically or behaviorally change is referred to as a stimulus. Excitability is hence an organism's capacity to react to environmental stimuli.Learn more about Excitability here:
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an advantage to having ether-linked membrane lipids is that ether links choose one: a. use less cellular carbon, saving energy. b. allow cyclic rings to form. c. do not require an enzyme to form. d. are more stable and less likely to break.
An advantage to having ether-linked membrane lipids is that ether links are more stable and less likely to break.
Ether lipids are a distinct kind of glycerophospholipids that have an ether bond connecting an alkyl chain to the sn-1 position. In ether lipids, the alcohol moiety linked to the phosphate group is typically choline or ethanolamine, though inositol or serine have also been noted on occasion.
Because archaeal membranes naturally function in a wide range of temperatures, they typically do not need to modify their lipid composition to temperature changes in the same way that bacteria do.
The ether-linkage gives the membrane increased chemical stability. The side chains themselves, which are unbranched fatty acids in bacteria and eukaryotes and isoprenoid chains in archaea, account for the third and fourth differences. Branching side chains may be present in these isoprenoid chains.
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1. What 2 events in nature can hinder the process of carbohydrate production? Explain your answer. Use the sentence frame: “___ can hinder carbohydrate production because ____.”
The answers include the following below:
Stormy weather can hinder carbohydrate production because of inadequate sunlight.Low temperature can hinder carbohydrate production because of low heat.What is Carbohydrate?This is referred to as a compound which helps in the provision of energy when it is broken down by enzymes and is formed during photosynthesis through the use of water and carbondioxide as the reactants.
Stormy weather and low temperature can hinder carbohydrate production because of inadequate sunlight. Photosynthetic reaction by plants, requires the use of adequate sunlight as it is converted into this compound thereby making it the correct choice.
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How does the structure of DNA allow it to store hereditary information?
The structure of DNA allows it to store hereditary information due to the presence of Adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
Adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) are sugar bases that are sequenced in the DNA responsible for storing genetic information. These bases are connected by ribbons of sugar-phosphate molecules to form a double helix.
Because of its distinct structure, DNA may duplicate itself during cell division. The DNA helix divides into two separate strands when a cell is getting ready to divide. Two new, double-stranded DNA molecules are created using these single strands as templates, each of which is a copy of the original DNA molecule.
What are the components of DNA?
Nucleotides are chemical building units that makeup DNA. A phosphate group, a sugar group, and one of four different nitrogen bases make up these building components. Nucleotides are joined together into chains, with the phosphate and sugar groups switching positions, to produce strands of DNA.
Therefore, sugar bases present in DNA help it store hereditary information.
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with sexual reproduction,: many single-celled eukaryotic organisms have evolved complex life cycles that include sexual reproduction. with sexual reproduction,: diploid cells must undergo mitotic cell division in order to reproduce. haploid cells must undergo meiotic divisions to form gametes. genetic material from two haploid cells is combined. all of these choices are accurate.
According to the given statement at some point, two cells must fuse to become diploid.
The correct option is A.
What is diploid cell?Human somatic cells are diploid, meaning they have 46 chromosomes, 22 pairs of autosomes, as well as a pair of y chromosome. A pair of chromosomes is one that has each chromosome has two copies.
Where are diploid cells?Most eukaryotes have a diploid chromosomal set in somatic cells, or non-sex cells. These cells hold the organism's full genetic information, or chromosomes, or double the number of haploid chromosomes. As just a result, every cell in an organism contains every gene present in that organism.
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The complete question is -
Many single-celled eukaryotic organisms have evolved complex life cycles that include sexual reproduction. This means that:
A- at some point, two cells must fuse to become diploid.
B- diploid cells must undergo mitotic cell division in order to reproduce.
C- haploid cells must undergo meiotic divisions to form gametes.
D- complex mating behaviors likely evolved at the same time as sexual reproduction.
Fluoroacetate occurs naturally in some plants and is highly toxic to mammals and insects. In cells, it is converted to fluorocitrate, which binds tightly and inhibits an enzyme crucial for cellular respiration, causing citrate buildup. To what enzyme does fluorocitrate bind?.
It is changed into fluorocitrate inside of cells. which forms citrate due to its strong binding and inhibition of an enzyme necessary for cellular respiration.
Citrate synthase changes fluoroacetate into fluorocitrate after oral dosing and intestinal absorption.
Because fluoroacetate is chemically identical to acetate, which plays a crucial function in cellular metabolism, it is extremely poisonous to mammals and insects.
By blocking the Krebs cycle, fluoroacetate has hazardous effects (after being converted to fluorocitrate). Fluoroacetyl coenzyme A, which condenses with oxaloacetate to generate fluorocitrate, incorporates the chemical.
"Trojan horse inhibitor" has been used to describe fluoroacetate. It enters the citric acid cycle and is changed by the enzyme acetyl-CoA-synthetase into fluoroacetyl-CoA, which is then changed into fluorocitrate by the enzyme citrate synthase. Before it interacts with aconitase and stops the citric acid cycle, it is not inhibitory.
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penicillin is an antibiotic that kills bacteria by binding to the active site of an enzyme involved in synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. which of the following phenomena best describes the mechanism of action of penicillin? penicillin is an antibiotic that kills bacteria by binding to the active site of an enzyme involved in synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. which of the following phenomena best describes the mechanism of action of penicillin? noncompetitive inhibition competitive inhibition allosteric regulation feedback inhibition
The phenomenon that best describes the mechanism of action of penicillin is competitive inhibition.
In the field of biology, competitive inhibition can be described as a phenomenon in which a molecule that is similar to the actual substrate binds to the active site rather than the actual substrate. As the actual substrate and the molecule are similar hence they both can fit into the active site.
The antibiotic, penicillin, uses this phenomenon to kill the bacteria. The components of the antibiotic bind to an active site for the enzyme that is responsible for making the cell wall of the bacteria.
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Describe how the light-dependent and light-independent reactions work together in photosynthesis
According to the research, in photosynthesis, through the light-dependent reactions energy is contained in the NADPH and ATP molecules that is used by light-independent reactions.
What is photosynthesis?It is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy which, stored in cells, allows the formation of carbohydrates and other organic molecules.
In this sense, the light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoids whose chemical energy is comprised of molecules of two types NADPH and ATP.
On the other hand, light-independent reactions occur in the chloroplast matrix with the intervention of enzymes that intervene in the reduction of CO2 molecules to establish carbohydrates through the energy sources ATP and NADPH.
Therefore, we can conclude that the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis manufacture ATP and the reducing source NADPH necessary for light-independent reactions.
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a mutant e. coli cell expresses z, y, and a genes at the same levels in the presence and absence of lactose. these levels correspond to those observed in wild-type e. coli cells in the presence of lactose. which region of the dna could contain the mutation?
The i gene region of the dna could contain the mutation. The i gene codes for the repressor of the lac operon.
The repressor of the lac operon is encoded by the I gene. The hydrolysis of the lactose disaccharide into its monomeric components, galactose and glucose, is predominantly carried out by the enzyme -galactosidase, which is encoded by the Z gene.
Most repressor binding site mutation result in decreased repressor affinity and thus reduced binding. Thus, these changes enable constitutive expression, which allows the lac operon to continue to be transcribed (and subsequently expressed) even in the absence of an inducer.
Therefore, the i gene region of the dna could contain the mutation. The i gene codes for the repressor of the lac operon.
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a certain badger is heterozygous for two genes; he has sharp claws and bad breath. he mates with another badger that is homozygous for both genes, with sharp claws and minty-fresh breath. what are the chances that they have an offspring with sharp claws and minty-fresh breath? (assume simple, mendelian inheritance.)
The chances of offspring to have sharp claws and minty fresh breath is 50% since one parent has (Tt) and other has (TT) . The offsprings would be TT, Tt, TT, and Tt..
What is Mendelian inheritance?The term "Mendelian inheritance" refers to specific patterns that can be observed in the way characteristics are passed down from parents to children. In the 19th century, the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel conducted thousands of tests with pea plants in order to develop these broad patterns. He did this in order to determine the genetic makeup of pea plants.
Law of Dominance is one of Mendel's three proposed laws of inheritance, which also includes Law of Inheritance. The law that enforced segregation. The Principle of Independent Assortment is a Law.
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why must the viruses enter host cells
A. they are pathogens and seek to infect others
B. They are to small to survive on their own
C.They cannot reproduce on their own
D. They cannot catch food on their own
Answer: C. They cannot reproduce on their own
Explanation:
Viruses enter the cell via endocytosis because they lack the machinery required to reproduce.
They transfer the genetic material to the host cell which causes the cell to create the virus.
PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
Answer:
A right temperature
Explanation:
Only because you need warm air and wet but not too wet soil you don’t want you plant to drown and freezing temperatures will make it hard and when transferring the plant it will break, and flower petals make no sense.
Limiting the intake of saturated fat, cholesterol, and trans fat helps to decrease the risk of heart disease. The 2020-2025 dietary guidelines for americans recommends saturated fat be limited to what amount of total calories?.
To further reduce your heart disease risk, limit saturated fats to less than 7% of your total daily calories.
Dietary fats include saturated fat. Along with trans fat, it is one of the harmful fats. Most of the time, these fats are solid at room temperature. High quantities of saturated fat are found in foods like butter, cheese, red meat, palm and coconut oils, and butter.
The following suggestions are from the American Dietary Guidelines for 2015–2020:
No more than 25% to 30% of your daily calories should come from fat.Aim to consume no more than 10% of your daily calories from saturated fat.Reduce your intake of saturated fats to under 7% of your daily calorie intake to further lower your chance of developing heart disease.Here is another question with an answer similar to this about saturated fats: https://brainly.com/question/11261140
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Add your name and what ever you want ?
Answer:
mariaa meriee
Explanation:
brainlest .
Iin the wavelength and photosynthesis experiment, what is the purpose of the beaker left in the dark?.
The dark beaker is a control because it contains all of the experiment components, but photosynthesis should not occur in the absence of light.
One of the beakers should be covered to prevent light from reaching the leaf discs. Place the second beaker approximately 15 centimeters from a light source. As soon as the light is turned on, start timing the experiment.
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if you know the npp for an ecosystem, what additional variable do you need to know to estimate the nep? why might measuring this variable be difficult, for instance, in a sample of ocean water?
From estimates of NEP, you need to measure the respiration of all organisms in an ecosystem, not just the respiration of primary producers.
In a sample of ocean water, primary producers and other organisms are usually mixed together, making their respective respiration's hard to separate.
What is npp of an ecosystem?
The rate of energy lost to metabolism and maintenance is subtracted from gross primary productivity to arrive at net primary productivity, or NPP. In other words, it's the rate at which energy is released to consumers in the ecosystem from primary producers such as plants and animals and stored as biomass.
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How do viruses cause damage to host cells they infect?
I think it is Option B.
Explanation:A virus must use cell processes to replicate. The viral replication cycle can produce dramatic biochemical and structural changes in the host cell, which may cause cell damage. These changes, called cytopathic (causing cell damage) effects, can change cell functions or even destroy the cell.
Answer:
I think the answer for that question is B
If a rock contains ten different kinds of fossils, which of the following must be true?
answer: All of the organisms had to be alive when the rock was deposited
The statement regarding a rock with ten distinct types of fossils that is true: 'All of the organisms must have been alive at the time of rock deposition'.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:-
If a rock consists of ten distinct types of fossils, which of the following statements regarding the rock might be true?
Hints:-
'All the ten organisms witnessed evolution at the similar time'.
'All the ten organisms had gone extinct at the similar period of time'.
'All of the fossils are helpful in order to constrain the relative age'.
'All of the organisms must have been alive at the time of rock deposition'.
'These organisms relate to the minimum age of the rock'.
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you should of underline leaf becase that was the anser
Answer:
what?
Explanation:
one consequence of widespread use of -spectrum antibiotics is the development of resistance in microbes that are part of the normal biota. multiple choice question. narrow; pathogenic
The consequence of widespread use of antibiotics in the development of resistance in microbes that are part of the normal biota is pathogenic.
The correct answer choice is option b.
Why pathogens occur in the use of antibioticsWhen a resistance of antibiotics spectrum is mis-administered, or given in its overdose, number of pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics will increase; thereby making infections or diseases caused by bacteria be incurable. In order words, it makes it very difficult to treat the health condition when this happens.
Antibiotics are drugs, medicines or injections used in the treatment of bacteria infections. There are countless number of health conditions which are as a result of bacteria that are pathogenic.
So therefore, it can be deduced from the explanation given in the task above about the consequence of widespread use of spectrum antibiotics that it makes treatable illness become difficult to treat.
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