Answers
Exercise 1. To balance the number of electrons, we multiply the oxidation half-reaction by 5 and the reduction half-reaction by 1:
5Fe₂+ → 5Fe₃⁺ + 5e⁻
MnO₄⁻ + 8H⁺ + 5e⁻ → Mn₂⁺ + 4H₂O
We can combine the two half-reactions and cancel out the electrons. Finally, we balance the equation by adding water molecules and hydrogen ions (H+) as needed to balance the oxygen and hydrogen atoms:
The balanced equation is:
MnO₄⁻ + 8H⁺ +5Fe₂ → Mn₂⁺ + 4H₂O + 5Fe₃⁺
To balance the number of electrons, we multiply the oxidation half-reaction by 6 and the reduction half-reaction by 1:
6H₂S → 6S + 12H⁺ + 12e⁻
Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 14H⁺ + 6e⁻ → 2Cr₃⁺ + 7H₂O
We can combine the two half-reactions and cancel out the electrons.
Finally, we balance the equation by adding water molecules and hydrogen ions (H+) as needed to balance the oxygen and hydrogen atoms:
The balanced equation is:
Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 14H⁺ + 6H₂S → 2Cr₃⁺ + 7H₂O + 6S
Exercise2.
What happens at anode?1. The anode is where oxidation occurs, and the cathode is where reduction occurs. In this case, Al is a stronger reducing agent than Cu, so Al will undergo oxidation and Cu will undergo reduction. Therefore, the anode is the Al electrode, and the cathode is the Cu electrode.
2. Electrons flow from the anode to the cathode in a galvanic cell.
3. The symbolic representation of the galvanic cell is:
Al(s) | Al₃⁺(aq) || Cu₂⁺(aq) | Cu(s)
4. The two half equations and the balanced equation are:
Oxidation half-reaction (anode): Al(s) → Al₃⁺(aq) + 3e-
Reduction half-reaction (cathode): Cu₂⁺(aq) + 2e- → Cu(s)
Overall balanced equation: 2Al(s) + 3Cu₂⁺(aq) → 3Cu(s) + 2Al₃⁺(aq)
5. The salt bridge is used to maintain charge neutrality in the two half-cells by allowing the flow of ions between them. As the electrons flow from the anode to the cathode, positively charged Al₃⁺ ions build up in the anode compartment, and negatively charged SO₄²⁻ ions build up in the cathode compartment. The salt bridge allows the movement of SO₄²⁻ ions from the cathode compartment to the anode compartment to balance the charges.
6.The EMF of the cell can be calculated using the formula:
EMF = E0(cathode) - E0(anode) = 0.34V - (-1.67V) = 2.01V
7. Q = It = (1 A)(3600 s) = 3600 C
The number of moles of electrons transferred can be calculated from the stoichiometry of the balanced equation:
2Al(s) + 3Cu₂⁺(aq) → 3Cu(s) + 2Al₃⁺ (aq)
2 moles of Al will react for every 3 moles of Cu2+ reduced.
From the mass change of the cathode, we can calculate the number of moles of Cu reduced using its molar mass:
molar mass of Cu = 63.55 g/mol
change in mass of Cu = 0.192 g
moles of Cu reduced = (0.192 g)/(63.55 g/mol) = 0.0030 mol
Therefore, the number of moles of Al oxidized is:
moles of Al oxidized = (2/3)(0.0030 mol) = 0.0020 mol
Finally, the change in mass of the anode can be calculated using the molar mass of Al:
molar mass of Al = 26.98 g/mol
change in mass of Al = (0.0020 mol)(26.98 g/mol) = 0.054 g
Therefore, the variation in the anode's mass is 54 mg (rounded to the nearest mg).
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Related Questions
Calculate the number of ml of 2. 00 m hno3 solution required to react with 216 grams of ag according to the equation
Answers
Every fraction from crude oil contains hydrocarbons with a similar number of carbon and _______ atoms. What one word completes the sentence
Answers
Every fraction from crude oil contains hydrocarbons with a similar number of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that are composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon molecule determines its physical and chemical properties, such as its boiling point, density, and viscosity. The hydrocarbons found in crude oil can be separated into different fractions through a process called fractional distillation, which separates them based on their boiling points.
Each fraction typically contains hydrocarbons with similar carbon chain lengths, which can range from a few carbon atoms to over 50 carbon atoms.
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3. Which is not true about natural
selection?
Answers
The statement that is not true of natural selection is: Natural selection controls evolution by maintaining the features that individuals acquire over their lifetimes. So, option C is correct.
Natural selection does not directly affect features acquired throughout an individual's lifespan; rather, it affects traits that are already existing in the gene pool of a population. Natural selection is the process through which individuals with particular heritable qualities experience differential survival and reproduction, changing the frequencies of those traits within a population over time. Natural selection favors features that offer an advantage in the current environment, resulting in their preservation and increased frequency while eliminating those that are unfavorable.
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The complete question is:
Which of the following is not true of natural selection?
a) Natural selection strives to preserve beneficial qualities while eliminating harmful ones.
b) The next generation will consist more heavily of descendants of people who have improved environmental adaptation.
c) Natural selection controls evolution by maintaining the features that individuals acquire over their lifetimes.
d) Genetic diversity in a population is affected by natural selection; it results through mutation.
How many nitrogen atoms are in NH3?
Answers
Answer: 1 nitrogen atom
Identify the element whose ion can exist as 2+ or 4+
Answers
Answer:
Palladium (Pl), Platinum (Pt), or Lead (Pb)
Explanation:
Palladium, Platinum, and Lead have possible charges of +2 and +4.
Which of the following is one of the main reasons that the use of synthetic opiates is growing?
O A.
OB.
O C.
O D.
Because more Americans are depressed, and opiates are the best way to combat depression.
Because synthetic opiates such as fentanyl are getting stronger, which means they are more addictive.
Because there is an abundance of poppies in Asia that need to be harvested into natural opiates.
Because more and more synthetic opiates are becoming legal in states across America.
Answers
One of the primary reasons that the usage of synthetic opiates is increasing is because they are becoming more addictive as they become stronger, like fentanyl.
Which of the following is an opioid analgesic made artificially?Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that is used pharmaceutically to treat severe pain, usually the agony associated with advanced cancer. It has between 50 and 100 times the potency of morphine.
What are the opioids' typical side effects?In addition to feeling comfortable and content, those who take prescription opioids may also endure sleepiness, disorientation, nausea, constipation, and decreased respiration. Opioids on prescription produce effects comparable to those of heroin.
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Even though cities may be located at approfimately the same latitude, why might the
climate in each city be different? Mark all the answers that apply
A. Some cities may be located at different altitude
B. The type of people who live there
C. Warm ocean currents bring warmer temperatures to coastal cities
D. Mountain ranges create the rain shadow effect
Answers
Answer:
A. Some cities may be located at different altitude
C. Warm ocean currents bring warmer temperatures to coastal cities
D. Mountain ranges create the rain shadow effect
Explanation:
The climate in cities can differ due to several factors, including altitude, proximity to oceans or mountains, prevailing winds, and other geographical features. Thus, options A, C, and D are all correct. The type of people who live in a city, as stated in option B, is not a significant factor in determining climate.
How much energy does the water in this
experiment absorb according to the
calorimeter data?
Calorimeter Data
Mass (g)
50.0
Specific heat (J/g°C) 4.18
20.5
32.5
T (U/C)
T, (J/g °C)
ано = [ ?] J
Heat Absorbed (J)
Enter
Answers
Answer:
2508 Joules
Explanation:
See the attached worksheet.
The equation for heat transfer is: q = mcΔT,
where q is energy, m is mass, c is the specific heat of the substance, and ΔT is the temperature change (T2 - Ti). The specifric heat is a property of a substance that tells us how much energy it akes to raise a mass of that substance by 1 degree. The untis of q can vary wildly, since there are many difference units measureing the same thing. Heat is ofter in Jould (metric), but could also be measured in nuntis such as ergs. Mass may be grams, kgrams, or other units, Temperatures may be K, C, or even F. All are valid, but the units must all match within the calculation. In this case we are given units of grams, °C, and Joules.
q = mcΔT
q = (50g)*(4.18 J/g°C)*(32.5°C-20.5°C)
q = 2508 J
how many moles of water vapour are formed when 10 litres of butane gas, C4H10 is burned in oxygen at STP?
Answers
Answer and Explanation: 1 mole of a gas, at STP, occupies a volume of 22.4L. Hence, 10L will contain 10L / 22.4mol/L = 0.446mol of gas.
How many moles of oxygen will be produced if 7.48 moles of KCl are also produced?
2 KClO3 --> 2 KCl + 3 O2
Answers
Answer:If 7.48 moles of KClO3 are consumed, 11.22 moles of O2 will be produced.
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
2 KClO3 → 2 KCl + 3 O2
According to the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, for every 2 moles of KClO3 that react, 3 moles of O2 are produced. Therefore, the mole ratio of KClO3 to O2 is 2:3.
If 2 moles of KClO3 produce 3 moles of O2, then 1 mole of KClO3 will produce 3/2 = 1.5 moles of O2.
So, to find out how many moles of O2 will be produced when 7.48 moles of KClO3 are consumed, we can set up a proportion:
2 mol KClO3 / 3 mol O2 = 7.48 mol KClO3 / x mol O2
Solving for x, we get:
x = (3 mol O2 × 7.48 mol KClO3) / 2 mol KClO3
x = 11.22 mol O2
Therefore, if 7.48 moles of KClO3 are consumed, 11.22 moles of O2 will be produced.
owen is the head of a toy factory. he is always looking for new ideas and suggestion son ways the factory can be more efficient. when it is time to design the new line or christmas toys, owen has a staff meeting and asks members of his team to contribute their ideas. what kind of leadership theory would you say owen subscribes to?
a. great man theory
b. trait theory
c. participative theory
d. situational leadership theory
Answers
Answer:
The leadership theory that Owen subscribes to is participative theory.
Participative leadership theory involves leaders who value and encourage the input and participation of their team members. This theory is also known as democratic leadership because it emphasizes the importance of collaboration and decision-making by consensus. In this approach, the leader encourages team members to share their ideas and insights to achieve the best possible outcomes.
Owen's behavior of asking for new ideas and suggestions from his team members and having staff meetings to collaborate and make decisions together is a clear indication that he values the input and participation of his team. Therefore, the leadership theory that Owen subscribes to is participative theory.
How many grams are present in 1. 75 moles of carbon dioxide, CO2?
Answers
Answer:77.00 grams CO2
Explanation:
1.75 oles/1 mole x 44 grams CO2= 77
(44 comes from the mass of 1 carbon and 2 oxygen)
\ce{2H2O2 -> 2H2O + O2}2HX
2
OX
2
2HX
2
O+OX
2
How many moles of \ce{H2O}HX
2
O will be produced from 26. 0 \text{ g}26. 0 g26, point, 0, start text, space, g, end text of \ce{H2O2}HX
2
OX
2
?
Answers
2 moles of hydrogen peroxide produces two moles of water. So 26 g of hydrogen peroxide gives 0.764 moles of water.
Here the given reaction is
H₂O₂ -----------> H₂O+O₂
The balanced reaction is as follows,
2H₂O₂ ---------> 2H₂O+ O₂
That means two moles of hydrogen peroxide will give two moles of water and a mole of oxygen. Here we have to find out the number of moles of hydrogen peroxide reacted.
26g of H₂O₂ takes part in the reaction.
Amount of substance = 26g
Molar mass of H₂O₂ = 34.014 g
Number of moles = Amount of H₂O₂/ Molar mass of H₂O₂
= 26/ 34.014 = 0.764
So 0.764 moles of H₂O₂ gives 0.764 moles of H₂O.
So, the number of moles of water produced = 0.764
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The complete question is given below.
2H₂O₂ -------> 2H₂O+ O₂
How many moles of H₂O will be produced from 26g of H₂O₂.
How many moles are in 8. 11 X 10 20 molecules of CH4?
Answers
Answer: 0.00135
Explanation:
The Avogadro's number is the number of particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) in one mole of a substance and is equal to 6.02 x 10^23. We can use this value to convert the number of molecules of CH4 into moles.
Number of molecules of CH4 = 8.11 x 10^20
Number of moles of CH4 = (8.11 x 10^20) / (6.02 x 10^23)
Number of moles of CH4 = 0.00135 moles of CH4 (rounded to five significant figures)
Therefore, there are approximately 0.00135 moles of CH4 in 8.11 x 10^20 molecules of CH4.
What happens to copper during this redox reaction? Select all that apply.
Cu2+(aq) + Fe(s) → Cu(s) + Fe2+(aq)
Copper has gained 2 electrons.
Copper experienced an increase in oxidation state.
Copper has been oxidized.
Copper has been reduced.
Answers
Answer:
Copper has gained 2 electrons
Copper has been reduced
Explanation:
The oxidation state of Cu goes from 2+ to 0, meaning it gains 2 electrons (they each have -1 charge);
This is known as reduction
Pneumonic OILRIG:
Oxidation is Loss, Reduction is Gain
Oxidation is the loss of electrons
Reduction is the gain of electrons
Cu2+ gains 2 electrons, thus it is reduced
A 100.0 g Chunk of Aluminum with an Initial Temperature of 450.0 C° is added to 100.0
mL of Ethyl Alcohol with an Initial Temperature of 80.0 C° (A) Calculate Equilibrium
Temperature of the Mixture (B) Calculate the Heat Exchange of the System
A) 150 C° B) 30000 J All answers Approx B
A) 300 C° B) 15000 J All answers Approx
D
A) 198 C° B) 22770 J All answers Approx
all silbeg
A) 110C° B) 10000 J All answers Approx
Answers
The correct answer is (D) A) 198°C B) 22770 J. Equilibrium can be achieved in reversible reactions, where the reactants can form products and vice versa.
What is Equilibrium?
Equilibrium is a state of balance or stability in a system. In thermodynamics, it refers to a state in which the temperature, pressure, and concentration of the components of a system do not change with time. At equilibrium, the forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates, and the system does not undergo any net change.
To solve this problem, we can use the principle of conservation of energy, which states that the total energy of a closed system is conserved, meaning that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one form to another.
We can start by using the formula for heat exchange:
Q = mcΔT
where Q is the heat exchange, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity of the substance, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
For the aluminum chunk, we have:
Q_aluminum = (100.0 g) x (0.903 J/g°C) x (450.0°C - T_eq)
For the ethyl alcohol, we have:
Q_ethanol = (100.0 g) x (2.44 J/g°C) x (T_eq - 80.0°C)
At equilibrium, the heat exchange of the system is zero, so we can set Q_aluminum = -Q_ethanol and solve for T_eq:
(100.0 g) x (0.903 J/g°C) x (450.0°C - T_eq) = -(100.0 g) x (2.44 J/g°C) x (T_eq - 80.0°C)
Solving for T_eq, we get:
T_eq = 198.4°C (rounded to one decimal place)
This is the equilibrium temperature of the mixture.
Q_aluminum = (100.0 g) x (0.903 J/g°C) x (450.0°C - 198.4°C) = 22770 J (rounded to the nearest 10 J)
Q_ethanol = (100.0 g) x (2.44 J/g°C) x (198.4°C - 80.0°C) = 22770 J (rounded to the nearest 10 J)
So the total heat exchange of the system is:
Q_total = Q_aluminum + Q_ethanol = 2 x 22770 J = 45540 J (rounded to the nearest 10 J)
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o earn full credit for your answers, you must show the appropriate formula, the correct substitutions , and your answer including the correct units.
This year Bikini Bottom has a starfish population of 1012. There are 182 starfish born and 166 starfish deaths this year. Then 141 starfish leave and move from Bikini Bottom to Jellyfish Fields. There was also a natural disaster in Lava Flow Bend and caused 203 starfish to relocate to Bikini Bottom. Calculate the percent population growth rate for the starfish in Bikini Bottom.
Answers
Answer:
clarify
Explanation:
Calculate the oxidation number of the elements
LiAlH4
K2CO3
KMnO4
K2SO4
Answers
LiAlH₄ contains H with an oxidation number of -1, K₂CO₃ and KMnO₄ contain O with oxidation numbers of -2 and -2, respectively, while Li contains +1, Al contains +3, K contains +1, C contains +4, S contains +6, and Mn contains +7 and K₂SO₄ also has O with oxidation number of -2
The oxidation number of an element is a measure of the number of electrons that an atom has gained or lost when it forms a chemical bond. To calculate the oxidation number of the elements in the following compounds, we follow the following rules:
The oxidation number of an element in its elemental state is always zero.
The sum of oxidation numbers of all atoms in a compound is equal to the charge on the compound.
The oxidation number of hydrogen is usually +1, except when it is combined with a metal, in which case it is -1.
The oxidation number of oxygen is usually -2, except when it is combined with a peroxide, in which case it is -1, or with fluorine, in which case it is +2.
Using these rules, we can calculate the oxidation numbers of the elements in the following compounds:
LiAlH₄:
The oxidation number of Li is +1.
The oxidation number of Al is +3.
The oxidation number of H is -1.
Therefore, the oxidation number of H in LiAlH₄ is -1.
K₂CO₃:
The oxidation number of K is +1.
The oxidation number of C is +4.
The oxidation number of O is -2.
Therefore, the oxidation number of O in K₂CO₃is -2.
KMnO₄ :
The oxidation number of K is +1.
The oxidation number of Mn is +7.
The oxidation number of O is -2.
Therefore, the oxidation number of O in KMnO₄ is -2.
K₂SO₄:
The oxidation number of K is +1.
The oxidation number of S is +6.
The oxidation number of O is -2.
Therefore, the oxidation number of O in K₂SO₄ is -2.
In summary, LiAlH₄ has H with oxidation number of -1, K₂CO₃ and KMnO₄ have O with oxidation number of -2, and K₂SO₄also has O with oxidation number of -2, while Li has +1, Al has +3, K has +1, C has +4, S has +6, and Mn has +7.
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Determine the volume of hydrogen gas needed to make 8L of water vapor?
Answers
Calculate how much hydrogen gas is required to produce 8 L of water vapour. (14.0 mol)(8.31 LkPa/mol mol K) (321 K). V: = 67.9 L 550 kPa 24.
What volume of water contains one litre of hydrogen gas?111/0.0899 = 1235 litres of hydrogen and 888.81/1.429 = 622 litres of oxygen are produced from one litre of water. Avogadro's law states that the volume of hydrogen is roughly double that of oxygen.
How do you calculate the hydrogen gas volume?Given that one mole of dihydrogen (H2) weighs 2,0159 g/mol, the experimental density of hydrogen—which is 0,0899 g/L at 0 °C and 0,0837 g/L at 20 °C—can be used to compute the exact molar volume of hydrogen.
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504 grams C6H12= ____ moles C6H12
Answers
The formula for 504 grammes of C6H12 is 5.988630157885872 moles of C6H12, and the given molecule is C6H12 C 6 H 12. Twelve hydrogen atoms and six carbon atoms this molecule. The solution is therefore 84g/mol.
How does g become mol?To precisely determine its molarity, n, of a material with such a mass m, m (in grammes), use the grammes into moles formula. M represents the substance's molar mass, and n = m / M.
What is 1 metre in moles?The amount of moles per litre, denoted by the unit sign mol/L and mol/dm3 in SI units, is the most often used unit denoting molarity in chemistry. One mol/L of a solution's concentration is referred to as one molar, or 1 M.
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Which of the following is the most likely scientific explanation for why so many people report improvement after wearing this jewelry?
Answers
Some people may be experiencing the placebo effect, which is the best scientific explanation for why many people report improvement after wearing a particular piece of jewelry.
Option A is correct.
The placebo effect: what is it?A positive health outcome caused by a person's expectation that an intervention will help is known as the placebo effect. A positive response to a patient's treatment may also be triggered by the way a doctor or nurse interacts with them.
How does the brain respond to the placebo effect?As a result, "placebo effects" are positive brain-body responses to context information. Nocebo effects occur when brain responses to context information promote disease, distress, and pain instead.
Question incomplete:
Which of the following is the most likely scientific explanation for why so many people report improvement after wearing this jewelry
A. Some people may be experiencing the placebo effect
B. Some people will say whatever the company pays them to say
C. The ions in the jewelry change the electric field around the body, improving blood flow
D. The ions in the jewelry improve energy flow through the body
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The Subatier Reactor is projected to produce 909 kg of water per year. Calculate the number of grams of H2 that needs to be collected each month to produce this amount of water?
Answers
Approximately 16,946 grams of H₂ needs to be collected each month to produce 909 kg of water per year in the Sabatier Reactor.
Steps
The balanced chemical equation for the electrolysis of water is:
2H₂O(l) → 2H₂(g) + O₂(g)
From the equation, we can see that 2 moles of water produce 2 moles of H₂ gas. The molar mass of water is 18.015 g/mol, and the molar mass of H₂ is 2.016 g/mol.
To calculate the number of grams of H₂ that needs to be collected each month to produce 909 kg of water per year, we can use the following steps:
Calculate the number of moles of water produced per year:
909 kg/year x (1000 g/kg) / 18.015 g/mol = 50,471.5 mol/year
Calculate the number of moles of H₂ produced per year:
50,471.5 mol/year x 2 mol H₂/mol H₂O = 100,943 mol/year
Calculate the number of moles of H₂ produced per month:
100,943 mol/year / 12 months = 8,412 mol/month
Convert the number of moles of H₂ to grams:
8,412 mol/month x 2.016 g/mol = 16,945.9 g/month
Therefore, approximately 16,946 grams of H₂ needs to be collected each month to produce 909 kg of water per year in the Sabatier Reactor.
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How many moles of NHO, will be produced when 0.51 mol of N₂O5
reacts according to the following equation? N₂O + H₂O → 2HNO3
(1.0 mol HNO3)
Answers
0.51 moles of N₂O₅ will produce 0.51 moles of N₂O.
What is Moles?
n chemistry, a mole is a unit of measurement that is used to express the amount of a substance. One mole of a substance is defined as the amount of that substance that contains the same number of particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. This number, known as Avogadro's number.
The balanced equation for the reaction is:
N₂O₅ + H₂O → 2 HNO₃
From the equation, we see that 1 mole of N₂O₅ reacts to produce 2 moles of HNO₃. Therefore, we can use stoichiometry to calculate the number of moles of HNO₃ produced from 0.51 moles of N₂O₅:
0.51 mol N₂O₅ x (2 mol HNO₃ / 1 mol N₂O₅) = 1.02 mol HNO₃
So, 0.51 moles of N₂O₅ produces 1.02 moles of HNO₃.
Since 2 moles of HNO₃ are produced for every 1 mole of N₂O₅, we can use the same conversion factor to determine the number of moles of N₂O that would be produced:
1.02 mol HNO₃ x (1 mol N₂O / 2 mol HNO₃) = 0.51 mol N₂O
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Fog is an example of colloid that has the phase of..........
-liquid dispersed in gas
-liquid dispersed in liquid
-liquid dispersed in solid
-solid dispersed in solid
Answers
Answer:
solid dispersed in gas
Fog is a type of colloid in which tiny droplets of liquid, such as water, are suspended in a gas, such as air. Fog can be considered a liquid-in-gas colloid since the dispersed-phase droplets are composed of liquid, and the continuous-phase is composed of gas.
Other examples of colloids include smoke (solid particles dispersed within a gas), whipped cream (gas in a liquid), mayonnaise (liquid in a liquid), gelatin (solid in a liquid), and clouds (liquid in a gas).
Fog can be categorized according to the type of gas which is the continuous phase. For instance, water-in-air fog is the most common type, while smoke of air constitutes a solid-in-air colloid. Other types of fog include oil-in-air (liquid-in-gas colloid) and dust-in-air (solid-in-gas colloid).
Colloids form when particles of the dispersed phase are typically larger than 1 nanometer, yet small enough to remain suspended in the continuous phase due to Brownian motion or other forces. The particles remain suspended due to the attraction of the particles for each other (Induced Charge Electrophoresis) and for the carrier phase molecules.
Understanding colloids is important for a variety of applications, such as drug delivery, material engineering, food science, and wastewater treatment
Fog is an example of a colloid that has the phase of "liquid dispersed in gas."
When air becomes saturated with water vapour and condenses into minute water droplets close to the Earth's surface, fog is a natural meteorological occurrence.
Fog is a foggy mist formed when little liquid water droplets are scattered across the atmosphere.
A colloidal system is produced when liquid water droplets are suspended in the gas phase (air).
Thus, because these droplets are so tiny, they can hang suspended in the air for a long time, giving fog its distinctive appearance.
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write the detailed stepwise mechanism for the reaction of pinacolone with piperonaldehyde in the presence of potassium hydroxide.
Answers
The mechanism of the reaction have been described in detail in the answer that is below.
What is the step wise mechanism?The reaction of pinacolone with piperonaldehyde in the presence of potassium hydroxide is a type of crossed aldol condensation reaction. Here is the stepwise mechanism:
Step 1: Deprotonation of piperonaldehyde
In the presence of potassium hydroxide, piperonaldehyde undergoes deprotonation to form the enolate ion of piperonaldehyde.
Step 2: Nucleophilic addition of piperonaldehyde enolate to pinacolone
The piperonaldehyde enolate acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon of pinacolone, resulting in the formation of an intermediate compound.
Step 3: Proton transfer
In this step, a proton is transferred from the hydroxyl group of the intermediate compound to the adjacent carbon atom, leading to the formation of an enol intermediate.
Step 4: Tautomerization of the enol intermediate
The enol intermediate undergoes tautomerization to form a more stable keto form.
Step 5: Rearrangement and elimination
The keto form undergoes a rearrangement in which a hydrogen atom is transferred from the adjacent carbon to the carbonyl carbon, forming a β-hydroxyketone intermediate. This intermediate then undergoes elimination of a water molecule, forming a double bond and resulting in the formation of the final product.
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8. How many molecules of aspartame (C₁4H₁N₂O5) are in 745 grams of C14H18N₂O5?
9. What is the mass of 5 x 10^25 molecules of Fe₂(SO3)3?
10. Calculate the mass of 6.3 moles of Ba3(PO4)2
Answers
8. The number of molecules in 745 grams of C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅ is 1.53×10²⁴ molecules
9. The mass of 5×10²⁵ molecules of Fe₂(SO₃)₃ is 29201.26 g
10. The mass of 6.30 moles of Ba₃(PO₄)₂ is 3786.3 g
8. How do i determine the number of molecules?The number of molecules present in 745 grams of C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅ can be obtained as follow:
From Avogadro's hypothesis,
1 mole of C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅ = 6.022×10²³ molecules
But
1 mole of C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅ = 294 g
Therefore, we can say that
294 g of C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅ = 6.022×10²³ molecules
Thus,
745 g of C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅ = (745 × 6.022×10²³) / 294
745 g of C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅ = 1.53×10²⁴ molecules
Thus, the number of molecules is 1.53×10²⁴ molecules
9. How do i determine the mass?The mass of 5×10²⁵ molecules of Fe₂(SO₃)₃ can be obtained as follow:
6.022×10²³ molecules = 1 mole of Fe₂(SO₃)₃
But
1 mole of Fe₂(SO₃)₃ = 351.7
Therefore, we can say that
6.022×10²³ molecules = 351.7 g of Fe₂(SO₃)₃
Thus,
5×10²⁵ molecules = (5×10²⁵ × 351.7) / 6.022×10²³
5×10²⁵ molecules = 29201.26 g of Fe₂(SO₃)₃
Thus, we can conclude that the mass is 29201.26 g
10. How do i determine the mass?The mass of 6.30 moles of Ba₃(PO₄)₂ can be obtained as follow:
Molar mass of Ba₃(PO₄)₂ = 601 g/mol Mole of Ba₃(PO₄)₂ = 6.3 molesMass of Ba₃(PO₄)₂ = ?Mole = mass / molar mass
6.3 = Mass of Ba₃(PO₄)₂ / 601
Cross multiply
Mass of Ba₃(PO₄)₂= 6.3 × 601
Mass of Ba₃(PO₄)₂= 3786.3 g
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Consider the reaction 2NH3 (g) #!!!"! N2 (g) + 3H2 (g)
at a temperature where K = 3. 0 x 10-8. In an experiment, 1. 0 x 10-3 mol NH3, 1. 0 x 10-1
mol H2, and 1. 0 mol N2 are mixed in a 5. 0 L vessel
Answers
NH₃, N₂, and H₂ are present in concentrations of 0.00144 mol/L, 6.75 x [tex]10^{-13}[/tex] mol/L, and 5.08 x [tex]10^{-2}[/tex] mol/L, correspondingly.
To determine whether the reaction will proceed in the forward or reverse direction, we can calculate the reaction quotient, Q, which is defined as the product of the concentrations of the products raised to their stoichiometric coefficients divided by the product of the concentrations of the reactants raised to their stoichiometric coefficients.
Q = [N₂] [H₂]³ / [NH₂]²
Plugging in the given concentrations, we get:
Q = (1.0 mol/L)² (1.0 x [tex]10^{-1}[/tex] mol/L)³ / (1.0 x [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] mol/L)²
= 1.0 x [tex]10^{13}[/tex]
Comparing Q to the equilibrium constant K, we see that Q is much larger than K, which means that the reaction will proceed in the reverse direction to reach equilibrium. In other words, some of the N₂ and H₂ will react to form more NH₂ until Q equals K.
To determine the equilibrium concentrations of NH₃, N₂, and H₂, we can use the equilibrium constant expression:
K = [N2] [H2]³ / [NH3]²
Rearranging and solving for [NH₃], we get:
[NH₃]² = [N₂] [H₂]³ / K
[NH₃] = √([N₂] [H₂]³ / K)
Plugging in the given concentrations and K, we get:
[NH₃] = 0.00144 mol/L
Similarly, we can find the equilibrium concentrations of N₂ and H₂:
[N₂] = K [NH₃]² / [H₂]³
= (3.0 x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex]) (0.00144 mol/L)² / (1.0 x [tex]10^{-1}[/tex]mol/L)³
= 6.75 x [tex]10^{-13}[/tex] mol/L
[H₂] = K [NH₃]² / [N₂]
= (3.0 x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex]) (0.00144 mol/L)² / (6.75 x [tex]10^{-13}[/tex] mol/L)³
= 5.08 x [tex]10^{-2}[/tex] mol/L
Therefore, at equilibrium, the concentrations of NH₃, N₂, and H₂ are 0.00144 mol/L, 6.75 x [tex]10^{-13}[/tex]mol/L, and 5.08 x [tex]10^{-2}[/tex] mol/L, respectively.
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Can someone please help with this chemistry question
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1 mole of sodium (Na) atoms has a mass of 22.99 g. Therefore, 15 g of sodium contains 6.67e23 atoms of sodium.
What is atom?Atom is the smallest and most basic unit of matter. It consists of a nucleus, made of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in a cloud-like structure. Atoms are the building blocks of all matter and are the basis for the development of chemistry and other sciences. Atoms can form chemical bonds with other atoms, resulting in molecules and compounds. Atoms are extremely small, and it takes an electron microscope to observe them. They are also incredibly light, with an average atom weighing only one-trillionth of a gram.
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What is the ground-state electron configuration of O^-2 ?
Answers
The ground-state electron configuration of [tex]O^{2-}[/tex] is [He]2s²[tex]2p^{6}[/tex].[tex]2p^{6}[/tex]
What is the ground-state electron configuration?The ground state is the state in which an atom is in its lowest energy state. The ground-state electron configuration of [tex]O^{2-}[/tex] is [He]2s²[tex]2p^{6}[/tex].
Oxygen anion, also known as oxide anion, is formed when oxygen gains two electrons to attain a negative charge. The electronic configuration of oxygen before gaining the two electrons is 1s²2s²[tex]2p^{4}[/tex].
When two electrons are added to oxygen, the resulting configuration becomes 1s²2s²[tex]2p^{6}[/tex]. However, to achieve a filled valence shell, the oxide ion has two additional electrons, resulting in a configuration of [He]2s²[tex]2p^{6}[/tex].
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which of the fallowing are examples of kinetic energy? select all correct answers.
a. the energy in a sports drink
b. the energy given off by the sun
c. the energy of molecules in motion
d. the energy of a book on a tall shelf
e. the energy that holds together ions in a crystal
Answers
Answer:
c
Explanation:
kenetic energy is energy an object has because it's in motion