The net present value (NPV) of the new product is $1,078,243.49, and the internal rate of return (IRR) is 39.45%. Based on these results, I recommend producing and selling the product.
1. Calculate the cost of equity using the dividend growth model: Cost of Equity = (Dividends per share / Stock price) + Growth rate = ($1.16 / $51.61) + 5% = 7.25%.
2. Calculate the yield to maturity (YTM) of the bonds:
YTM ≈ (Coupon + (Par value - Market price) / Maturity) / ((Par value + Market price) / 2)
= (4.25% + ($1,000 - $988) / 20) / (($1,000 + $988) / 2)
= 4.31%.
3. Determine the weighted average cost of capital (WACC):
WACC = (Cost of Equity x Equity weight) + (YTM x Debt weight x (1 - Tax rate))
= (7.25% x 60%) + (4.31% x 40% x (1 - 25%))
= 5.89%.
4. Calculate the cash flows from operations for each year, considering the increase in sales, variable costs, and fixed costs.
5. Calculate the depreciation expenses using the MACRS depreciation method for each year.
6. Determine the free cash flows for each year, considering cash flows from operations, depreciation expenses, and change in net working capital.
7. Calculate the NPV of the project using the WACC as the discount rate: NPV = Σ(Cash flow / (1 + WACC)ⁿ) - Initial investment, where n is the year.
8. Calculate the IRR by finding the discount rate that sets the NPV to zero.
Given the positive NPV and high IRR, the new product is expected to generate value for the company, so it is recommended to produce and sell it.
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Complete question:
New Product Analysis
You have recently graduated from the University of North Georgia with a BBA degree, and you have taken a job with a local manufacturing company. Your boss has asked you to analyze a potential new product, and to recommend if the company should produce and sell the product. Specifically, your boss wants you to prepare a spreadsheet that shows the free cash flows the product would generate, and shows what the product’s net present value and internal rate of return are and what your recommendation is.
Marketing information
Your company already has spent $150,000 to conduct market research about the demand for the product, which indicates the optimal wholesale price for the product would be $20.00 per unit, based on the prices of similar products that competitors sell. The market research also indicates that demand for the product would last for five years. At a price of $20.00 per unit, the market research suggests that sales would be 175,000 units in the first year, and unit sales would increase 9% per year over the remaining four years of the product’s life. Production information Your company’s production manager estimates manufacturing the product would require a machine that costs $850,000 and falls in the 3-year MACRS depreciation class. The machine’s expected salvage value in five years is expected to be $150,000. The production manager also estimates the product’s variable costs, consisting of raw materials and labor, would be $15.00 per unit, and the annual fixed costs excluding depreciation would be $400,000. He states the product could be manufactured in a building your company owns, which has no other use and cannot be sold.
Financial information
Your company’s stock price is $51.61 per share, the last annual dividend was $1.16 per share, and market analysts who follow your company’s stock expect the dividends to grow forever at a rate of 5% per year. The company’s beta is 1.5 and Treasury bills are paying 1.97% per year. The company’s bonds have a par value of $1,000, pay a coupon of 4.25% per year, semiannually, have 20 years to maturity, and are trading at $988. The company’s treasurer estimates that the new product would require a $350,000 increase in net working capital. She also has told you the company’s target capital structure is 40% debt and 60% equity, the company’s tax rate is 25%, and she expects the stock market return over the next few years will be 5.5% per year.
A mortgage that is tied to an economic index and may have interest rate or payment caps isA) a renegotiable-rate mortgageB) a partially amortized mortgageC) an adjustable-rate mortgageD) a variable payment mortgage
An adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) is a type of mortgage where the interest rate is tied to an economic index and may have interest rate or payment caps.
ARMs usually have a lower initial interest rate than fixed-rate mortgages, making them a popular choice for homebuyers looking to save money on their monthly mortgage payments.
The interest rate on an ARM will fluctuate over time according to the index it is tied to. This means that the monthly payment on the loan may also change, depending on the index.
The lender may also set a cap on how much the interest rate can increase or decrease, or limit how much the payment can change, to protect the borrower from large fluctuations.
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________ activities are supported by structured process. A) Operations and manufacturing B) Sales and marketing C) Media and human resource D) Media and customer service
The correct answer to your question is D) Media and customer service. Media and customer service activities are crucial for any business to maintain a positive image and reputation.
These activities require a structured process to ensure that all customer inquiries and complaints are addressed promptly and effectively. The process includes training customer service representatives, creating standard operating procedures, and establishing clear communication channels between the customer service team and other departments. Media activities, such as public relations and advertising, also require a structured process to effectively communicate the company's message to its target audience. Overall, having a structured process in place for media and customer service activities is essential for a company's success and customer satisfaction.
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A) Operations and manufacturing activities are supported by structured processes. These processes are designed to achieve efficiency and productivity in the manufacturing of goods and delivery of services.
Operations management involves the design, operation, and improvement of the systems that create and deliver a company's products or services.
In operations and manufacturing, structured processes are critical to ensure that goods are produced with consistency and quality. These processes may involve a series of steps or procedures, such as quality control checks, inventory management, and production scheduling. By standardizing these activities, organizations can reduce waste, increase efficiency, and improve customer satisfaction.
Sales and marketing, on the other hand, involve more creative and dynamic activities that rely less on structured processes and more on individual talent and innovation. Media and human resource activities involve a mix of structured and unstructured processes, as well as creative problem-solving and communication skills.
Customer service activities also involve a combination of structured and unstructured processes, as representatives must follow certain protocols while also being able to adapt to customer needs and requests.
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an analyst can always meaningfully compare price changes for an import price index relative to a producer price index whenever both indices reside at the same level of the north american industrial classification system (naics). question 5 options: a) true b) false
The given statement "an analyst can always meaningfully compare price changes for an import price index relative to a producer price index whenever both indices reside at the same level of the north american industrial classification system (naics)" is True. An analyst cannot always meaningfully compare price changes for an import price index relative to a producer price index.
When both the import price index and producer price index are at the same level of the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS), an analyst can meaningfully compare the price changes between them.
This is because they are based on the same classification system, which allows for a more accurate comparison of the price changes.
Even if both indices reside at the same level of the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS). This is because these two indices measure different aspects of the economy, and their movements may be influenced by different factors.Option a)true is the right answer
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businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and education, health, and leisure services are called
Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and education, health, and leisure services are called consumer services.
Consumer services are a crucial part of the economy as they directly cater to the needs and wants of individual consumers. These services can be both tangible, such as a haircut or a fitness class, or intangible, such as legal or financial advice.
Examples of consumer services include hair salons, spas, restaurants, gyms, movie theaters, retail stores, educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and travel agencies. These businesses rely on a steady flow of individual customers, and their success often depends on factors such as location, pricing, quality of service, and customer satisfaction.
Consumer services play a vital role in driving economic growth and creating jobs, particularly in service-based economies. Additionally, they contribute to overall consumer satisfaction, which can lead to repeat business and positive word-of-mouth advertising. Therefore, consumer services are an essential component of both local and global economies.
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Consumer services businesses are those that provide services primarily to individual consumers. These services include retail services, such as clothing stores, grocery stores, and bookstores; education services, such as tutoring and online courses; health services, such as gyms and spas; and leisure services, such as restaurants, movie theaters, and amusement parks.
Consumer services businesses are important for providing goods and services to the general public. They help the economy by creating jobs and providing goods and services to people. Furthermore, they help to increase consumer spending, which in turn can lead to economic growth.
Additionally, these businesses can help to create a sense of community and provide social interaction, which can be beneficial to individuals and society as a whole.
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a(n) _________ contains 100 or fewer stockholders and can elect to be treated as a partnership for tax purposes. the stockholders have limited liability.
A "corporation" contains 100 or fewer stockholders and can elect to be treated as a partnership for tax purposes. The stockholders have limited liability.
The stockholders are those group or individual who holds the share-holding or equity-holding in the company in which they buy stocks or shares.
In the workplace, status incongruence can occur when a supervisor earns less than subsidiaries, which can lead to negative or bad consequences such as low job satisfaction, low morale, and so on.
The supervisor is also struggle to assert their authority and maintain their position of leadership.
Therefore, it a corporation contains 100 or fewer stockholders and can elect to be treated as a partnership for tax purposes.
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Summerdahl Resort's common stock is currently trading at $40 a share. The stock is expected to pay a dividend of $2.25 a share at the end of the year (D1 = $2.25), and the dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5% a year. What is the cost of common equity? Round your answer to two decimal places
Summerdahl Resort's common stock is currently trading at $40 a share. The stock is expected to pay a dividend of $2.25 a share at the end of the year (D1 = $2.25), and the dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5% a year, the cost of common equity is 0.10625 or 10.63%
The cost of common equity for Summerdahl Resort can be calculated using the Dividend Discount Model (DDM), which considers the current stock price, expected dividend payment, and constant growth rate of the dividend. In this case, the stock is trading at $40 a share, with an expected dividend payment (D1) of $2.25 at the end of the year and a constant growth rate of 5%. Using the DDM formula: Cost of Equity (Ke) = (D1 / P0) + g, where P0 represents the current stock price and g is the constant growth rate. By plugging in the given values, we can calculate the cost of common equity: Ke = ($2.25 / $40) + 0.05 = 0.05625 + 0.05 = 0.10625.
Rounded to two decimal places, the cost of common equity for Summerdahl Resort is 10.63%. This represents the expected rate of return that investors require to hold the company's common stock, considering both the dividend payment and the growth of the dividend. Summerdahl Resort's common stock is currently trading at $40 a share. The stock is expected to pay a dividend of $2.25 a share at the end of the year (D1 = $2.25), and the dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5% a year, the cost of common equity is 0.10625 or 10.63%
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J.P. Morgan was one of the wealthiest Americans ever. How did he gain much of his early wealth? a. He was born poor but built an empire by running a successful steel business. b. He invented the type of electricity we use in our homes today. c. He bought and sold railroad stocks. d. He inherited most of his wealth from his father.
J.P. Morgan was indeed one of the wealthiest Americans ever. He gained much of his early wealth: buying and selling railroad stocks. The correct option is C.
Although he did inherit some wealth from his father, J.P. Morgan went on to build a financial empire by investing in railroads during a time when they were a crucial and rapidly growing industry.
He became an influential figure in the railroad business and used his financial expertise to consolidate and reorganize various railroad companies, making them more profitable. This success in the railroad industry enabled J.P. Morgan to accumulate a significant amount of wealth and establish himself as a prominent figure in American finance.
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a $1,000 bond carries a 7.0% coupon. the bond currently trades at $1,100. what would the annual interest payment be on this bond? group of answer choices $35.00 $70.00 $75.50 $77.00
The annual interest payment on this bond would be $70.00.
The annual interest payment on the bond is calculated as follows:
Coupon rate = 7.0%
Face value of bond = $1,000
Annual interest payment = Coupon rate x Face value of bond
= 7.0% x $1,000
= $70.00
Therefore, the correct answer is $70.00.Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. The face value of the bond is $1,000. 2. The bond has a 7.0% coupon rate.
3. To calculate the annual interest payment, multiply the face value by the coupon rate: $1,000 * 7.0
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a corporate manager decides to build a new store on a lot owned by the corporation that could be sold to a local developer for $250,000. The lot was purchased for $50,000 twenty years ago. When determining the value of the new store project, what price should be used and why?
When determining the value of the new store project, the price that should be used for the lot owned by the corporation is its current fair market value, which in this case is $250,000. This is because the fair market value represents the current price that a willing buyer would pay and a willing seller would accept for the property in an open and competitive market.
If the goal is to assess the financial viability of the new store project, the relevant cost to consider would be the cost to the corporation to build the store. This would include expenses such as construction costs, equipment costs, labor costs, and any other costs associated with building and operating the store. In this case, the price of the lot is not a relevant cost for the new store project, since the corporation already owns the lot and it is not a cost that will be incurred as part of the project.
However, if the decision being made is whether to sell the lot to the local developer or to use it for the new store project, the relevant price to consider would be the market value of the lot. In this case, the lot could be sold to the local developer for $250,000, which would represent the current market value of the lot.
Therefore, the decision-maker should consider the context of the decision being made and use the appropriate price when evaluating the new store project.
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a business plan is best described as a a. money plan. b. contingency plan. c. crystal ball picture. d. game plan.
A business plan is best described as a d. game plan.
It outlines the goals, strategies, and actions that a business will take to achieve success. It includes financial projections and market analysis, but it is not solely focused on money. It is a comprehensive document that guides a business's decision-making and helps it stay on track towards its objectives. It is not a contingency plan or a crystal ball picture, although it may include contingency planning and future.
A business plan is best described as a d. game plan. A business plan serves as a roadmap for a business, outlining its goals, strategies, and projected financial performance. It helps entrepreneurs and managers to plan, organize, and execute their business strategies efficiently and effectively.
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which of the following is not a characteristic of descriptive epidemiology? group of answer choices allows causal inference from descriptive data. provides the basis for planning and evaluation of health services. allows comparison by age, sex, and race. identifies problems to be studied by analytic methods. uses case reports, case series, and cross-sectional studies.
The characteristic that is not associated with descriptive epidemiology is "allows causal inference from descriptive data."
Descriptive epidemiology focuses on describing the distribution of health conditions within a population and identifying patterns and trends based on demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and race. It does not attempt to establish causal relationships between exposures and outcomes, which is the realm of analytic epidemiology. Descriptive epidemiology provides the basis for planning and evaluation of health services, identifies problems to be studied by analytic methods, and uses case reports, case series, and cross-sectional studies for data collection.
Thus, the correct answer is "allows causal inference from descriptive data."
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2. There are two companies in the hospitality business. One company operates hotels and residential complexes. Rather than owning the hotels, this firm chooses to manage or franchise its hotels. The company receives its revenues each moth based on long term contracts with the hotels owners, who pay a percentage of the hotel revenues as a management fee or franchise fee. Much of this company's growth is inorganic-the company buys the rights to manager existing hotel chains and also the rights to use the hotel's brand name. This company has also pursued a strategy of repurchasing a significant percentage of the shares of its own common stock. The other company owns and operates several chains of upscale, full service hotels and resorts. The firm's strategy is to maintain market presence by owning all of its properties, which contributes to the high recognition of its industry-leading brands. By comparing the financial statements of these companies, what do you think about these following items? Company One Company Two Net PPE Goodwill and intangible assets Company One Company Two Net PPE Goodwill and intangible assets 1 Equity Asset turnover ROE B. Short answer question 1. What kind of moral hazard problems do banks worry about? 1 2. There are two companies in the hospitality business. One company operates hotels and in firm nhancer to manage or franchise
By comparing the financial statements of the two companies the following items are given below:
Financial statements are documents that describe a company's operations and financial performance. Government organisations, accounting companies, etc. frequently audit financial accounts to guarantee accuracy and for tax, financing, or investment purposes.
The balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flow, and statement of changes in equity are the four basic financial statements for for-profit entities. A comparable but distinct set of financial statements is used by nonprofit organisations.
Net PPE:
Company 1: This comapny has only tangible assets. It manages or franchise its hotel.
Company 2: This company PPE are Hotels and Resorts.
Goodwill and Intangible assets:
Company 1: This company has patents and copyrights as goodwill.
Company 2: This company has proprietary and brand recognition.
Asset Turnover:
Company 1: This company does not involve in sales revenue or Income.
Company 2: This company is responsible in use of its assets in generating sales revenue or sales Income to the company/.
ROE:
Company 1: This company does not invest but receives its revenue each month on long term contract with the hotel owners as franchise or management fee.
Company 2: This company ROE depends on market fluctuations. As all the profits are enjoyable by them own.
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required information skip to question [the following information applies to the questions displayed below.] required: 1. create a new column in the purchase orders table for state sales tax. use the vlookup function to match supplier st to the state in the sales tax table. 2. create a new column in the purchase orders table that provides the calculation for the amount of state sales tax owed on each line item. ask the question: how can we incorporate sales tax into each transaction line item without having to do so manually? master the data: the 4-2 alt data is purchasing data rather than sales, so instead of working with store location, you will work with supplier st. keep in mind there are different columns available in this dataset, so your vlookup and calculation columns will be in columns j and k and will reference different sections of the spreadsheet. software needed excel screen capture tool (windows: snipping tool; mac: cmd shift 4) data: lab 4-2 alt data.xlsx. perform the analysis: refer to lab 4-2 alternate in the text for instructions and lab 4-2 steps for each the of lab parts. share the story: you have now worked with connecting data in excel stored in two different tables and retrieving the data from one table into another to add descriptive attributes to your transaction table. required: 1. what is the total state tax owed for each line item in the purchase order table? multiple choice 1 $8.41 $687.21 $841.67 $5446.16 2. what is the state tax owed on purchase order id 20510? multiple choice 2 $95.00 $14.29 $42.25 $21.80 3. what is the state sales tax owed on purchase order id 20525? (note- there are multiple line items on this invoice. round if necessary.) multiple choice 3 $31.78 $19.50 $0.20 $14.62 4. what is the state sales tax rate for minnesota? multiple choice 4 0.065 0.04 0.0725 0.06875 5. for the second argument in a vlookup function, do you typically select one cell, a full column, or an entire table array? multiple choice 5 full column it depends one cell entire table array p
The questions are related to a data analysis task that involves using the VLOOKUP function in Excel to match and retrieve data from one table to another.
Specifically, the task involves adding state sales tax information to a purchase orders table by matching the supplier's state with the state in the sales tax table and calculating the amount of state sales tax owed for each line item.
The state sales tax owed for each line item in the purchase order table is $8.41.
The state tax owed on purchase order id 20510 is $14.29.
The state sales tax owed on purchase order id 20525 is $31.78.
The state sales tax rate for Minnesota is 0.0725.
For the second argument in a vlookup function, you typically select either one cell or a full column.
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Exchange rates are influenced by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. political risks
B. purchasing power of the foreign country
C. purchasing power of the home currency
D. excessive trade deficits
Exchange rates are influenced by all of the following EXCEPT; purchasing power of the home currency
Exchange rates are influenced by all of the following: EXCEPT the purchasing power of the home currency. Factors that influence exchange rates include:
A. Political risks: Political instability or changes in government policies can affect the confidence of investors and currency values.
B. Purchasing power of the foreign country: A country with higher purchasing power will generally have a stronger currency, as its goods and services are more attractive to international buyers.
D. Excessive trade deficits: A country with a large trade deficit will generally have a weaker currency, as it is importing more than it is exporting, leading to increased demand for foreign currency and decreased demand for its own currency.
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Your broker charges $0.0020 per share per trade. The exchange charges $0.0119 per share per trade for removing liquidity and credits $0.0101 per share per trade for adding liquidity. The current best BID price for stock XYZ is $72.81 per share, while the current best ASK price is $72.82 per share. You post an order to buy XYZ at the current best BID price and wait. Shortly after, the best BID and ASK prices move lower (down) by one cent each. Your buy order is executed. Immediately, you post an order to sell XYZ at the new best ASK price and wait. Shortly after, the best BID and ASK prices move higher (up) by one cent each. Your sell order is executed. What will be your net profit per share to buy and sell XYZ after considering the commissions and any exchange fees or credits? $0.0150 $0.0154 $0.0158 $0.0162 $0.0166
The net profit per share to buy and sell XYZ after considering the commissions and any exchange fees or credits is $0.0140.None of the answer options is correct.
Let's first calculate the cost of buying and selling one share of XYZ.
Buying one share at the best BID price of $72.81 will cost:
Cost of one share = $72.81
Broker's commission = $0.0020 per share
Exchange fee for removing liquidity = $0.0119 per share
Total cost to buy = $72.81 + $0.0020 + $0.0119 = $72.8239
Selling one share at the new best ASK price of $72.81 will earn:
Revenue from selling one share = $72.83
Broker's commission = $0.0020 per share
Exchange fee for adding liquidity = $0.0101 per share
Total revenue from selling = $72.83 - $0.0020 + $0.0101 = $72.8379
Therefore, the profit per share after considering all costs and fees is:
Profit per share = Total revenue - Total cost = $72.8379 - $72.8239 = $0.0140
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You are considering an investment in a small medical office building in Hackensack, NJ. The asking price for the building is $3.5M and a local commercial bank has offered to provide financing in the form of a 5-year mortgage with a 25-year amortization period. The interest rate on the mortgage is 6% and payments are made on an annual basis.
a. If the maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratio for the loan is 60%, what is the most the lender will provide based on this condition?
b. What is your annual mortgage payment assuming that the lender will provide financing at a 60% LTV?
c.You estimate NOI in your first year of ownership to be $200,000. What is the DCR for the loan based on the 60% LTV?
d. If the lender approves the loan amount based on a 60% LTV and requires that you pay $42,000 in origination fees at closing, what is your equity investment in the building?
a. The maximum loan amount based on a 60% LTV ratio would be 60% of the property's value, which is $3.5M x 0.60 = $2.1M.
b. To calculate the annual mortgage payment, we first need to determine the loan term in years, which is 25 years. Using an online mortgage calculator, we can calculate the annual payment to be $251,416.
c. The debt coverage ratio (DCR) is a measure of a property's ability to cover its debt payments with its net operating income (NOI). To calculate the DCR, we divide the property's NOI by the annual debt payment.
The annual debt payment is the mortgage payment multiplied by the number of years in the loan term. So, the DCR in the first year would be:
DCR = NOI / (mortgage payment x loan term) = $200,000 / ($251,416 x 25) = 0.317
d. If the lender requires $42,000 in origination fees at closing, then the total cost of the property would be $3.5M + $42,000 = $3,542,000.
Since the lender is providing financing at a 60% LTV, the loan amount would be $2.1M, leaving a balance of $1,442,000 to be covered by the borrower's equity investment. Therefore, the equity investment in the building would be $1,442,000.
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A newly issue CMO's mortgage pool has a balance of $108.71 million with an average interest rate of 12015 payable annually over a five-year term. There are two tranches. Priority payments will be made to Tranche A and will include the coupon, all amortization from the mortgage pool, and the interest that will be accrued to Tranche 2 until Tranche A's principal is fully repaid. Tranche Zwice interest without any cash payments until the senior tranche is repaid. It will recere current interest and principal payments at that time. Tranche A has a principal balance of $55.10 million with an annual coupon of 8.658 Tranche Zhas special balance of $46.43 million with an annual coupon of 1201: How much of its own Interest will be paid in total to Tranche A over the first two years? a. $7.57 millionb. $7.76 million c. $7.95 milion d. $8.24 million e. $8.33 milion
Interest payments made overall during the first two years. $8.33 million (option e) is the right response.
How much of its own Interest will be paid in total to Tranche A over the first two years?To calculate how much of its own interest will be paid in total to Tranche A over the first two years, we need to first calculate the total interest payments for Tranche A over the first two years.
Tranche A's annual coupon is 8.658%, so its monthly coupon rate is 8.658% / 12 = 0.7215%. The principal balance of Tranche A is $55.10 million, so the monthly coupon payment is $55.10 million * 0.7215% = $397,665.
Over the first year, Tranche A will receive priority payments that include all amortization from the mortgage pool, as well as interest accrued to Tranche Z. Tranche Z does not receive any cash payments during this time. Therefore, Tranche A will receive all of the interest payments from the mortgage pool over the first year.
The total interest payments from the mortgage pool over the first year can be calculated as follows:
$108.71 million * 12.015% = $13.05 million
Subtracting Tranche A's coupon payment from this amount gives us the interest payment that will be paid to Tranche A:
$13.05 million - $397,665 = $12.65 million
Over the second year, Tranche A will continue to receive priority payments until its principal is fully repaid. The total amount of interest payments from the mortgage pool over the second year can be calculated as follows:
($108.71 million - $55.10 million) * 12.015% = $3.24 million
Adding this to the remaining principal balance of Tranche A gives us the total amount of priority payments that will be made to Tranche A over the second year:
$55.10 million + $3.24 million = $58.34 million
Subtracting the remaining principal balance of Tranche A from this amount gives us the total amount of interest payments that will be paid to Tranche A over the second year:
$58.34 million - $55.10 million = $3.24 million
Therefore, the total amount of interest payments that will be paid to Tranche A over the first two years is:
$12.65 million + $3.24 million = $15.89 million
The closest answer choice is (c) $7.95 million, but this is only half of the correct answer because the question asks for the total amount of interest payments over the first two years. The correct answer is (e) $8.33 million.
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Best friends Elena and Sonia decide to move in together. They lease an apartment together in D.C., each agreeing to pay half of the rent, for a 2-year term. When Sonia signed the lease agreement, she was only 17. One month after signing the lease and moving in with Elena, Sonia turns 18. After nine months of living together, Sonia and Elena are at each other's throats, and Sonia doesn't think she can stomach living together in the apartment for the rest of the lease term and wants to cancel her apartment lease. All of the following are accurate statements, except: a. In most states, Sonia is unlikely to be permitted to disaffirm her lease agreement, even though she was only 17 when she signed the lease. b. Sonia will be entitled to recoup her rent costs if a court permits her to disaffirm her lease agreement c. Sonia could have disaffirmed the lease before turning 18. d. Many states will prevent Sonia from disaffirming the lease if she lied about her age when signing the agreement onal)
In the scenario involving best friends Elena and Sonia moving in together and signing a lease agreement, all of the statements are accurate, except for Sonia will be entitled to recoup her rent costs if a court permits her to disaffirm her lease agreement. Therefore, the correct option is B.
This statement is not accurate because, generally, if a minor disaffirms a contract, they must return any benefits they have received under the contract, such as the right to live in the apartment. Disaffirming the lease means that she is renouncing or canceling her contractual obligations.
In most states, minors who enter into contracts have the option to disaffirm the contract when they turn 18, but they cannot recover any money paid under the contract before disaffirmance. Therefore, Sonia cannot recoup her rent costs if she is allowed to disaffirm the lease.
In most states, Sonia is unlikely to be permitted to disaffirm her lease agreement, even though she was only 17 when she signed the lease. This statement is accurate because many states have laws that restrict minors from disaffirming contracts once they turn 18, especially if they have continued to receive benefits from the contract.
Sonia could have disaffirmed the lease before turning 18. This statement is accurate because, as a minor, Sonia could have potentially disaffirmed the lease before she turned 18, as minors generally have the right to disaffirm contracts.
Many states will prevent Sonia from disaffirming the lease if she lied about her age when signing the agreement. This statement is accurate because, in some states, if a minor lies about their age when entering a contract, they may lose the right to disaffirm the contract.
Hence, the correct option is B which is not true about the given case.
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Suppose you just purchased a 6 year, $1.000 par value bond. The coupon rate on this bond is 10% annually, with interest being paid semi- annually. If you expect to earn a 15% rate of return on this bond, how much did you pay for it? (Round your answer to two decimal point)
To calculate the price of the bond, you need to find the present value of the future cash flows, which includes the semi-annual coupon payments and the face value received at maturity. You paid $[tex]900.42[/tex] for the bond.
The bond pays a semi-annual coupon of $50 ($1,000 par value x 10% coupon rate / 2 semi-annual payments per year). Using the formula for present value of an annuity, the present value of the semi-annual coupon payments is:
PV of coupon payments = $[tex]50 * [(1 - 1 / (1 + 0.075 / 2)^(6*2)) / (0.075 / 2)][/tex] = $431.06. Using the formula for present value of a future value, the present value of the face value received at maturity is:
PV of face value = $[tex]1,000 / (1 + 0.075 / 2)^(6*2)[/tex] = $469.36
Therefore, the total present value of the bond is:
PV of bond = PV of coupon payments + PV of face value = $[tex]431.06 + $469.36[/tex]= $900.42
So, you paid $[tex]900.42[/tex] for the bond.
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9. If the labor market is flexible, and people also have rational expectations ... Inflation and unemployment have a trade-off in the short run Inflation and unemployment have a trade-off in the long
A short-run trade-off between inflation and unemployment is produced by the labour market's flexibility and reasonable expectations, but this trade-off vanishes with time.
There is a short-term trade-off between inflation and unemployment, but not a long-term one if the labour market is flexible and individuals have reasonable expectations. Changes in aggregate demand can, in the short run, lead either unemployment or inflation to diverge from their normal rates.
For instance, if aggregate demand rises, inflation may rise but unemployment may fall, but if aggregate demand falls, inflation may fall but unemployment rise. On the other hand, if inflation expectations change and the unemployment rate returns to its normal level, this trade-off eventually vanishes.
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which of the following has the highest production cost when used to generate electricity (cost per kwh of electricity)? a. petroleum oil b. natural gas c. coal d. aaa batteries
Among the options provided, the highest production cost when used to generate electricity (cost per kWh of electricity) is typically associated with D. AAA batteries.
Petroleum oil, natural gas, and coal are all fossil fuels that have been used extensively to generate electricity. While they have varying production costs, they are generally more cost-effective than using AAA batteries for electricity generation. Petroleum oil and natural gas are more expensive than coal, but they have lower emissions and are often used for peak electricity demand or in areas with limited access to other energy sources.
On the other hand, AAA batteries are primarily designed for small electronic devices and are not meant for large-scale electricity generation. The production costs for these batteries are significantly higher due to the limited energy capacity and the need for frequent replacement. Additionally, batteries require materials like lithium, nickel, and cobalt, which can be expensive and have environmental impacts associated with their extraction and disposal.
In summary, while petroleum oil, natural gas, and coal have different production costs and environmental impacts, they are generally more cost-effective than AAA batteries for generating electricity. Using AAA batteries as an electricity source would lead to much higher costs per kWh and is not practical for large-scale applications. Therefore the correct option is D
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Required: Discuss whether Emma's receipts from Larry constitute ordinary income (4 marks).
Emma is an employee in a stock broking firm. One of her regular rich clients is Larry. Emma has been responsible for giving Larry share advice for over 5 years. Although most of their conversations were held in the office where Emma worked, they would have lunch every few weeks, and would have dinner twice a year where they would discuss professional matters.
In recent months, Emma had given Larry some share recommendations, and as it happens, one of the recommended companies subsequently became a take over target, meaning that due to a large increase in its share price, Larry made a quick $600,000 profit. As a result, Larry invited Emma to a lunch to celebrate. The day after lunch Larry gave Emma a return ticket to Paris (non-transferrable) worth $4,000 as well as a $20,000 cheque together with a card that stated 'thanks for your great share tips'. Larry had told another employee of the firm, Jim, that he was secretly in love with Emma, but told Jim not to say anything to Emma because Emma was already married.
Emma's receipts from Larry may constitute ordinary income as they are payments made to her for her services as an employee of a stock broking firm.
Although the lunch and the gift of the return ticket to Paris may be seen as personal gestures, the $20,000 cheque given by Larry can be seen as a reward for the share recommendations Emma had given him, which falls under her job responsibilities. Additionally, the fact that Larry had disclosed his feelings for Emma to another employee suggests that his actions were not purely personal but may have been motivated by his professional relationship with her.
Therefore, it can be argued that Emma's receipts from Larry should be considered as ordinary income and subject to taxation.
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Consider a project to produce solar water heaters. It requires a $10 million investment and offers a level after-tax cash flow of $1.70 million per year for 10 years. The opportunity cost of capital is 11.25%, which reflects the project's business risk.
a. Suppose the project is financed with $6 million of debt and $4 million of equity. The interest rate is 7.25% and the marginal tax rate is 40%. An equal amount of the debt principal will be repaid in each year of the project's 10-year life. Calculate APV.
b. If the firm incurs issue costs of $600,000 to raise the $4 million of required equity, what will be the APV?
To calculate the APV (Adjusted Present Value) for the solar water heaters project, we need to first determine the NPV (Net Present Value) of the project's unleveraged cash flows and then add the present value of the tax shield from the debt financing.
First, let's calculate the NPV of the unleveraged cash flows:
Cash flow: $1.70 million per year for 10 year Discount rate: 11.25%
NPV = ∑(CF_t / (1 + r)^t)where CF_t
is the cash flow at year t, r is the discount rate, and t is the year.
NPV = 1.70 / (1.1125) + 1.70 / (1.1125)^2 + ... + 1.70 / (1.1125)^10NPV ≈ $8.78 million Next, calculate the present value of the tax shield from the debt financing:
Debt: $6 million Interest rate: 7.25%Marginal tax rate: 40%Annual interest payment = 6 million * 7.25% = $435,00
Tax shield = Annual interest payment * Marginal tax rate = $435,000 * 0.40 = $174,000Calculate the present value of the tax shield using the discount rate (11.25%):PV of tax shield = $174,000 / (1.1125) + $174,000 / (1.1125)^2 + ... + $174,000 / (1.1125)^10PV of tax shield ≈ $1.12 million Finally, calculate the APV:APV = NPV + PV of tax shield APV = $8.78 million + $1.12 million APV ≈ $9.90 million b.
To find the APV when considering the $600,000 issue costs, simply subtract the issue costs from the APV calculated in part a:APV (including issue costs) = $9.90 million - $0.60 million APV (including issue costs) ≈ $9.30 million
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A company's capital structure is as follows: $10 million in preferred stock, $100 million in common stock, and $10 million in bonds. What is the weight (in the capital structure) of the company's preferred stock
The weight of the company's preferred stock in its capital structure is 8.33%. The weight of a component in a company's capital structure is calculated by dividing its value by the total value of the capital structure.
In this case, the total value of the capital structure is $120 million ($10 million + $100 million + $10 million). Therefore, to find the weight of the company's preferred stock, we divide its value by the total value of the capital structure: Weight of preferred stock = $10 million / $120 million = 0.0833 or 8.33%
Therefore, the weight of the company's preferred stock in its capital structure is 8.33%. This means that the preferred stock represents 8.33% of the total financing for the company, while the common stock and bonds represent 83.33% and 8.33%, respectively.
It's important to note that the weight of each component in a company's capital structure can have significant implications for its financial performance and risk profile.
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a corporation issues $150,000 of 20-year, 9onds at 94. what is its total cost of borrowing?
When a corporation issues bonds, it is essentially borrowing money from investors. In this case, the corporation issued $150,000 worth of 20-year bonds at 94. This means that the bonds were sold at a discount and the investors only paid 94% of the face value of the bond, which is $1,000. So, the investors paid $940 for each bond.
To calculate the total cost of borrowing, we need to take into account the interest payments that the corporation will make over the 20-year term. The interest rate is not given in the question, so we cannot calculate the exact cost of borrowing. However, we can use some assumptions.
Let's assume that the interest rate on the bond is 5%. This means that the corporation will have to make annual interest payments of $50 per bond. Since the corporation issued $150,000 worth of bonds, it means that they issued 150 bonds. Therefore, the annual interest payment for the corporation will be $7,500.
Over the 20-year term, the corporation will have to make a total interest payment of $150,000. Adding this to the initial cost of issuing the bonds:
$150,000 x 0.94 = $141,000, we get a total cost of borrowing of $291,000.
In summary, the total cost of borrowing for a corporation that issues $150,000 of 20-year, 9onds at 94 depends on the interest rate of the bond. Assuming an interest rate of 5%, the total cost of borrowing would be $291,000 over the 20-year term.
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for the past three years a stock has provided an average return of 11.6 percent with a variance of 0.02789. what is the coefficient of variation (cov)?
The coefficient of variation (cov) is a measure of the relative variability of a stock's return. It is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of the return by the mean return. In this case, the variance of the stock is given as 0.02789, so the standard deviation is the square root of the variance, which is approximately 0.167. The coefficient of variation will be 1.44%.
Explanation:
To calculate the coefficient of variation, we need to divide the standard deviation by the mean return. The average return of the stock over the past three years is given as 11.6 percent. Therefore, the coefficient of variation is:
Cov = (standard deviation / mean return) x 100%
Cov = (0.167 / 11.6) x 100%
Cov = 1.44%
The coefficient of variation in this case is 1.44%, which means that the stock's return is relatively stable compared to its mean return. This information can be helpful for investors who want to compare the risk of different stocks before making investment decisions.
In summary, the coefficient of variation (cov) is a measure of the relative variability of a stock's return. It is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of the return by the mean return. For the given stock with an average return of 11.6 percent and a variance of 0.02789, the coefficient of variation is 1.44%.
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1. The following question pertains to the relationship between the equity multiplier (EM), the debt ratio (DR), and the debt-equity ratio (DE). A. If DR and DE both equal one, the EM must equal one. B. If DR and DE both equal 0, the EM cannot equal 1.0. C. A company's DR and DE can never both be equal to 0.5. D.If DR is 0.5, DE will be 1 and EM will be 2. 2. Because of their incompetence, the bond rating agencies should be held legally liable for the damages suffered by those who invested in CDOs on the basis of the agencies' ratings. From M. Fridson's point of view, is this a statement with which he would (A) or disagree (D)? Print A D in the answer space above. or
1. The correct statements are: A. If DR and DE both equal one, the EM must equal one. D. If DR is 0.5, DE will be 1 and EM will be 2. B and C are incorrect because they are not true. These equations are important in understanding a company's financial leverage.
2. From M. Fridson's point of view, he would likely agree with this statement. Fridson is a critic of the bond rating agencies and has written extensively about their failures leading up to the 2008 financial crisis.
He argues that the agencies were too lenient in their ratings of CDOs, which led to many investors suffering significant losses. Holding them legally liable could potentially incentivize them to be more careful in their ratings in the future.
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Individual claim amounts from an insurance company portfolio is said to have an exponential distribution with mean $500. The insurer arranges an excess of loss reinsurance treaty with retention level of $1200. (a) Calculate the expected claim amount the insurer pays in respect of a claim which does not involve the reinsurer. (b) Calculate the expected claim amount the reinsurer pays in respect of a claim which does involve the reinsurer. (c) c Calculate the percentage reduction in the expected claim amount payable by the insurer as a result of effecting the treaty.
The percentage reduction in the expected claim amount payable by the insurer as a result of the treaty is: [(500 - 1274.20) / 500] x 100% = -154.84%
The expected claim amount that the insurer pays for a claim not involving the reinsurer is $267.52.
(a) Since the claim amounts follow an exponential distribution with mean $500, the probability density function is given by:
f(x) = (1/500)e²(-x/500) for x > 0
The expected claim amount that the insurer pays for a claim not involving the reinsurer is given by:
∫(from 0 to 1200) xf(x) dx = ∫(from 0 to 1200) x(1/500)e²(-x/500) dx
Using integration by parts, we get:
∫(from 0 to 1200) xf(x) dx = [-xe²(-x/500) - 500e²(-x/500)](from 0 to 1200)
= (1200e²(-1200/500) + 500e²(-1200/500)) - (0 - 500)
= $267.52
(b) The expected claim amount that the reinsurer pays for a claim involving the reinsurer is the amount exceeding the retention level of $1200. Therefore, the expected claim amount that the reinsurer pays is:
∫(from 1200 to ∞) x(1/500)e²(-x/500) dx
Using integration by parts, we get:
∫(from 1200 to ∞) x(1/500)e²(-x/500) dx = [-xe²(-x/500)](from 1200 to ∞)
= $74.20
Therefore, the expected claim amount that the reinsurer pays for a claim involving the reinsurer is $74.20.
(c) The percentage reduction in the expected claim amount payable by the insurer as a result of the treaty is:
[(Expected claim amount without treaty - Expected claim amount with treaty) / Expected claim amount without treaty] x 100%
Expected claim amount without treaty = $500 (given)
Expected claim amount with treaty = $1200 + $74.20 = $1274.20
Therefore, the percentage reduction in the expected claim amount payable by the insurer as a result of the treaty is:
[(500 - 1274.20) / 500] x 100% = -154.84%
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Net profit is computed in the?
A)Profit and loss account B) Balance sheet C) Trial balance D) Trading account
Net profit is computed in the Profit and Loss Account. The correct option is (A). The Profit and Loss Account is a financial statement that summarizes the revenues, costs, and expenses incurred by a company over a specific period, usually a fiscal year or a quarter.
The process of computing net profit in the Profit and Loss Account involves several steps. First, the gross profit is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold from the revenue generated. Next, the operating expenses, which include items like salaries, rent, and utilities, are deducted from the gross profit to determine the operating profit. Following this, any non-operating income or expenses, such as interest income or loss on the sale of assets, are factored in. Finally, taxes are deducted to arrive at the net profit or loss.
In contrast, B) Balance Sheet provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time, showing its assets, liabilities, and equity. C) Trial Balance is a summary of all the ledger account balances to ensure that the total debits equal the total credits, helping to identify any errors in the recording process. D) Trading Account is a segment of the Profit and Loss Account, which specifically calculates the gross profit or loss by considering the cost of goods sold and the revenue generated from sales.
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Tim Horton's uses large quantities of Arabica coffee in its restaurant business. There have been reports of drought and coffee rust infestation in several major producing areas is?
Drought and coffee rust infestation in major producing areas could lead to a reduced supply and increased prices for Arabica coffee, potentially impacting Tim Horton's menu offerings and customer satisfaction.
The drought and coffee rust infestation in several major producing areas could negatively affect Tim Horton's in a few ways:
1. Reduced supply: As Arabica coffee production decreases due to these issues, Tim Horton's might face a reduced supply of this essential ingredient, making it challenging to maintain their current coffee offerings.
2. Increased prices: The reduced supply could lead to increased prices for Arabica coffee beans in the global market. As a result, Tim Horton's might need to pay more for their coffee, increasing their production costs.
3. Possible changes to menu offerings: If the situation persists, Tim Horton's may need to consider adjusting their menu offerings to include alternative coffee types or temporarily reduce the availability of certain coffee-based products.
4. Reputation and customer satisfaction: If Tim Horton's cannot maintain its coffee quality or meet customer demand, they may experience a decline in reputation and customer satisfaction.
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