i need help with chemistry

In simple terms a covalent bond is when we have sharing of electrons, which means there is no polarity being formed when the elements are bonded, this is more likely to occur with atoms with high electronegativity, or same pair of elements, like O2, where we have O - O (Oxygen bonded with Oxygen), since they have the same electronegativity, there is no charge being formed

The same can not be told for ionic bonds, where we have very different elements being bonded together, with a big electronegativity difference, which means we have polarity being formed (which basically means that we have charge in the compound)

One way to find out if a compound is covalent or ionic is by checking their positions in the periodic table, for example, let's analyze our question

We have:

A) Fluorine - Fluorine, here we have a classical example of covalent bond, since there is no "stronger" element, pulling the electrons towards its side, they are the same, hence, the same strength

B) Carbon - Chlorine, we have two non-metals, with a relatively high electronegativity each one of them, so there is ions being formed, therefore it is covalent

C) Potassium - Oxygen, in this case we have a metal and non-metal bonding together, and since potassium has only 1 electron in its valence shell, it will easily give up this electron to another element, therefore K will receive a positive charge (which means loss of electron) and oxygen will receive a negative charge (which means gain of electron), and this is an ionic bond

D) Oxygen - nitrogen is the same case as letter B

It is also possible to check an electronegativity table, in which there are some rules that helps you understand if a compound is more likely to be covalent or ionic

Water molecules that have escaped or evaporated from the body of water then water get excited and they begin to gain kinetic energy

A water molecule has a three atom two hydrogen and one oxygen atom and that's why water is sometime refred to as H₂O and a single drop of water contain billion drop of molecule and evaporation is the process in which given to the change that occurs to a substance that changes it from its liquid state to a gaseous state

When water get evaporates the molecule of water in a glass will get excited and they begin to gain kinetic energy and vigorously hit the wall of glass

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Since both metals are in the same group in the periodic table and both non-metals are also in the same group in the periodic table, they have the same charge (metals = 1+; non-metals = 1-). So this makes the reaction easier for us:

NaCl + LiBr = LiCl + NaBr

Answer

Explanation

Given:

[KOH] = 0.01 M

What to find:

The hydroxyl concentration, [OH⁻¹].

Step-by-step solution:

pH or pOH is the measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

Acids have pH ranging from 1 to 6.9 and bases have pH ranging from 7.1 to 14. Neutral substances have a pH of 7.

The dissociation of KOH in aqueous medium is:T

To answer this question, we have to use the dilution rule, that is represented by the following equation:

Where C1 and C2 are the initial and final concentrations and V1 and V2 are the initial and final volumes.

Solve the equation for V2 to find the final volume:

The final volume of the solutions has to be 195mL. Since we already have 65mL, we need to add 130mL of water to have 195mL in total.

It means that the correct answer is 130mL.

Explanation:

Aluminum will react with chlorine gas according to the following reaction:

2 Al (s) + 3 Cl₂ (g) ----> 2 AlCl₃

We have to find the mass of Cl₂ that will completely react with 13.5 g of Al. First we have to convert the mass of Al to moles using its molar mass.

molar mass of Al = 26.98 g/mol

moles of Al = 13.5 g * 1 mol/(26.98 g)

moles of Al = 0.500 mol

2 Al (s) + 3 Cl₂ (g) ----> 2 AlCl₃

Now, according to the coefficients of the reaction, 2 moles of Al will react with 3 moles of Cl₂. So the molar ratio between them is 2 to 3. We can use that relationship to find the number of Cl₂ that will react with 0.500 mol of Al.

2 mol of Al : 3 moles of Cl₂ molar ratio

moles of Cl₂ = 0.500 mol of Al * 3 moles of Cl₂/(2 moles of Al)

moles of Cl₂ = 0.750 mol

And finally we can convert back to grams using the molar mass of Cl₂.

molar mass of Cl₂ = 70.91 g/mol

mass of Cl₂ = 0.750 moles * 70.91 g/(1 mol)

mass of Cl₂ = 53.2 g

Answer: a. 53.2 g of Cl₂ for complete reaction.

The volume of a gas that has a pressure of 1.25 atm at 22℃ is 96.88L.

The volume of a gas can be calculated by using the following formula:

PV = nRT

Where;

According to this question, 5.00 mole sample of oxygen gas has a pressure of 1.25 atm at 22℃. The volume can be calculated as follows:

1.25 × V = 5 × 0.0821 × 295

1.25V = 121.0975

V = 96.88L

Therefore, 96.88L is the volume of the gas

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A quasar is a star that emits intense radio and light energy.

A quasar is an extremely bright radio source. It is called a quasi-stellar radio source. It appears to be like a star but is not a star. These quasars are young galaxies that are located far away from us and are highly luminous. The luminosity of a quasar is 1000 times greater than the luminosity of a milky way galaxy.

A quasar is powered by a supermassive black hole with its mass ranging from millions to tens of billions of solar masses, surrounded by a gaseous accretion disc.

The quasars were first discovered in the 1950s using the Hubble space telescope and were found to be a massive bright source emitting radio waves of unknown origin. But now, millions of quasars were discovered.

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If the mercury in a barometer raises 22.8 centimeters due to a change in ambient pressure, then the corresponding change in pressure would be 0.3 atm.

The total applied force per unit of area is known as the pressure.

The pressure depends both on externally applied force as well the area on which it is applied

As given in the problem If the mercury in a barometer raises 22.8 centimeters due to a change in ambient pressure, then we have to find out the corresponding change in pressure in atm,

760 mm of Hg = 1 atm

76 cm of Hg = 1 atm

1 cm of Hg = 1 / 76 atm

22.8 cm of Hg = 22.8 / 76 atm

                        = 0.3 atm

Thus ,  the corresponding change in pressure in atm would be 0.3 atm .

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When Katarina finds a stain at a crime scene the first thing she should do is to scrape the substance into a plastic bag. That is option B.

A forensic scientist is a professionally trained individual that applies their knowledge in the field of criminology by using evidence found on the crime scene to narrow down a suspect.

When a stain is being noticed by the forensic scientist, the first step should be to secure the stain for further investigation.

To secure the stain, the scientist should scrap the stain into a plastic bag and this should be taken to the laboratory for further evaluation and investigation.

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Answer and explanation

To predict the product, you need to first have or know your reactans, for example, if you have magnesium (Mg) + oxygen (O2), the product should include both reactants. Oxidation numbers also play a role of the final charge of the product, magnesium has a charge of 2+ and O has a charge of 2-, therefore the product will be MgO

Example 2

Na2CO3 + HCl

When sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) reacts with HCl, Na+, O^-2 and CO2 dissociates in the solution, H+ and Cl- also dissociates, what happens is that the oppositely charges ions attract and form compounds, Na is positive and Cl is negative, they will combine to form NaCl, the hydrogen has a positive charge (+1), it will combine with excess oxygen (O^-2) forming water (H2O) and the CO2 will not combine with anything since it is not an ion

Final equation:

Na2CO3 + HCl = NaCl + H2O + CO2

Now we can balance the equation:

Na2CO3 + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H2O + CO2

Explanation:

An electrolyte has to be capable of of ionizing and CH40 is not.

Therefore, CH40 is not an electrolyte.

Answer:

False

a) Electronegativity has to do with the fact that electrons are unequally shared in a bond

b) The electronegative tom would receive electrons in an ionic bond.

The term electronegativity has to do with the fact that in some atoms, the electron cloud could be closer to them in a covalent bonding situation than to the other atom. You need to recall that in a covalent bond, the electron pair of the bond is shared and the electron cloud is expected to be equidistant between the nuclei of the two atoms that are bonding.

In a case where the electron cloud seems to be closer to one atom than the other then the other atom is said to be highly electronegative. We also need to knw that in an ionic bond, there is a transfer of electrons from one atom to the other.

If one of the bonding atoms in an ionic bond is highly electronegative, it then follows that electrons would be transferred to that atom in the process of ionic bonding.

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Answer:

Chlorine and Bromine are also halogens so they are similar to fluorine

The correct answerwer is option D.

D)The artificial cell will become more turgid.

What is a cell?

The cell is the basic building block of all living things. The human body contains many cells and they provide structure for the body. They take in nutrients from the food and convert them to energy for the body. they also carry out specialized functions.

Artificial cells are engineered particles that look like natural biological cells. example proteins, genes, enzymes, etc

Flaccid cells are shrunken cells while turgid cells are stretched due to the absorption of water.

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Answer

A. X-rays

Explanation

There are seven regions in the electromagnetic spectrum (EM) which in order of lowest to highest frequency are:

Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

Therefore, of the following EM waves given in the options, the one that has the highest frequency is A. X-rays

It is to be noted that Coibacin B has three Chiral Centers. A chiral center is a molecule atom that is bound to four separate chemical species, permitting optical isomerism.

Coibacin B is a natural substance with a substantial anti-inflammatory effect and possible utility in the treatment of leishmaniasis, a parasitic illness.

It should be noted that Leishmaniasis is a parasite infection that may be found in the tropics, subtropics, and southern Europe. It is considered a neglected tropical illness (NTD).

Infection with Leishmania parasites, which are disseminated by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies, causes leishmaniasis.

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Thermal energy in a circuit comes from the electrical energy that is transformed into heat. It is observed in resistors, capacitances and inductances.

The electrical energy in a circuit is converted into heat by the thermal energy. It relies on the sort of circuit under evaluation, which in turn depends on the circuit's components. These elements include resistors, capacitances, and inductances—individually or in combination.

The sum of the squares of the current, resistance, and power dissipated. The impedance of the circuit must be computed for an LCR circuit. then utilizing the impedance, the circuit's current may be estimated.

P=V^2/R

Hence, the thermal energy in a circuit is observed in resistors, capacitances and inductances.

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Density relates the mass of a compound to its volume. We will first find the mass of the solution using the density and volume given. We have the following equation:

We clear the mass,

So, the mass of paint is 13950 g. Now the mass percentage of the lead in the paint will be calculated as follows:

The mass percentage of lead in the paint is 0.24%.

ppm concentration means the quantity of solute in milligrams (mg) is in a liter (L) of a solution. So, to calculate ppm concentration we will divide the milligrams of lead (II) nitride between the liters of paint:

The ppm of lead in the paint is 11033ppm.

In calculating the theoretical yield of ammonia, the 6/3 done in the second step is to convert moles of hydrogen to moles of ammonia since the mole ratio of hydrogen to ammonia is 3 : 2.

The theoretical yield of a reaction is the maximum amount of product that can be obtained from a given reaction based on the equation of the reaction.

The theoretical yield of a reaction is obtained from the mole ratio of the limiting reagent and the product of the reaction.

Considering the given reaction whose reaction equation is given below:

N₂ (g) + 3 H₂ (g) ---> 2 NH₃ (g)

Hydrogen is given as the limiting reagent:

The amount of hydrogen present 12 g

Moles of hydrogen = 12 g/ 2 g/mol = 6 moles

Mole ratio of ammonia to hydrogen = 3 : 2

Moles of ammonia produced = moles of hydrogen * mole ratio of ammoia to hydrogen

Moles of ammonia = 6 moles * 2/3 moles = 4 moles

Mass of ammonia produced = 4 moles * 17 g/mol

Mass of ammonia produced = 68 g

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ANSWER

1-Butyne

STEP-BY-STEP EXPLANATION:

To name the below structure, we need to consider the following

0. The number of carbon atoms present in the structure

1. The type of bond and the location

According to the structure given, we have four carbon atoms

These four carbon atoms mean Butane according to the alkane family

We have a tripple bond in between the first and second carbon atom

Since we have a tripple bond, the -ane in butane will be changed to -yne

Hence, the name of the structure is 1-Butyne

answer and explanation

a bronsted-lowry basic is a H+ donor

Answer: a

explanation: Make a ratio of the number of moles and do the calculations. Do you get it?

Based on the atomic number of the given elements, the atoms that have the greatest nuclear charge is ¹⁴₇N; option A.

The nuclear charge in atoms is the charge in the nucleus due to the presence of the positively-charged protons present in the nucleus of an atom.

The nuclear charge of atoms increases with an increase in the atomic number of the elements.

Hence, for elements in the period table, the size of the nuclear charge increases both down the group and across a period from left to right.

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PO₄ appears in two different places in this chemical equation. PO₃⁻⁴ is a polyatomic ion called phosphate. 2 should be placed in front of Na₃PO₄ to give the same total number of phosphate ions on each side of the equation.

For the reaction -

? Na₃PO₄ + MgCl₂  →  Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + NaCl

There are 2 phosphate ions present on the product side, therefore, 2 phosphate atoms should be present on the reactant side to maintain the equilibrium.

On product side, number of ions of magnesium is 3, so to attain the equilibrium and balance the equation there 3 ions of magnesium should be on the reactant side.

In order to balance the number of ions of phosphate and magnesium in the reaction which is given -

On the reactant side, 6 atoms of chlorine and sodium are formed, in order to balance these 6 atoms of chlorine and sodium, 6 atoms of each should be present on the product side.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation is -

2 Na₃PO₄ + 3 MgCl₂  →  Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + 6 NaCl

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The weight of the mixture will be the same as the combined

weight of the powdered lemonade and the water.

The term mixture has to do with the combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined together. We can see that due to the fact that substances that can be found in a mixture are not chemically combined together, then they can be separated by the means of physical methods.

We have to also bear in mind that mass can not be created nor destroyed but can be converted from one form to another. This implies that the total mass of the mixture must be the same as the sum of the masses of the individual components that are found in the mixture as this is in obedience to the law of the conservation of mass that have been detailed above in this answer.

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The carbonate ion has the simplest oxo carbon anion structure. One carbon atom is surrounded by three oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement, giving it D3h molecular symmetry. Its molecular mass is 60.01 g/ mol and its formal charge overall is HCO3.

Carbonate Organization its structure is a trigonal planar arrangement of three oxygen atoms surrounding a carbon atom. Two single bonds to the negative oxygen atom and two double bonds to the neutral oxygen atom make up the carbonate ion's Lewis structure.

The carbonate ion, a salt of carbonic acid, is the most basic form of the oxo carbon anion. A polyatomic ion, it has the chemical formula CO32-. The term "carbonate" can also refer to a carbonate ester, an organic molecule with the carbonate group C(=O)(O-)2.

The carbonate has a valency of two because it may combine with two hydrogen atoms.

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Of the options given, the correct one for the Lewis structure of CO₂ is option A.  

In the covalent structure of CO₂, each atom will tend to have 8 electrons on its side, in order to comply with the octet rule. In this rule, an atom that has 8 electrons in its valence shell, will gain stability for having a noble gas electronic configuration.      

Hence, the correct lewis structure for CO₂ is option A. In this configuration, each atom has 8 electrons on its side and all of them are neutral (the total charge of the molecule is zero). They all achieve the octet rule.    

Although in option B all the atoms have 8 electrons (thus complying with the octet rule), in this configuration the oxygen atom on the left has a negative charge (-1) and the oxygen on the right side has a positive charge (+1). The total charge on the molecule is zero (it is neutral). In fact, this is a resonance structure of configuration A.    

In option C, the total charge of the molecule is -2, so this is not a stable configuration. The number of electrons on carbon is wrong.  

Finally, in option D the oxygen on the right side does not achieve the octet rule (it only has 6 electrons shared), and also the carbon atom has a charge of -2, and the oxygens have charges of -1 (left) and +3 (right), so this is not a stable configuration.  

Therefore, the correct lewis structure for CO₂ is option A.

According to the explanation given in the previous session, now we have hexane in an organic compound with the solubility of 0.520 g/mL at 25°C. We need to find the value of volume at 120.0 mg

1 gram = 1000 mg

120.0 mg = 0.12 grams

Now we can calculate the volume:

0.520g = 1 mL

0.12g = x mL

0.520x = 0.12

x = 0.12/0.520

x = 0.231 mL is the volume for this compound

Explanation:

The reaction:

N2O4(g) <=> 2NO2(g)

Inicially 0 [1 mol/Volume]

Reacts +x -2x

Equilibrium +x [1 mol/Volume]-2x

[1 mol/Volume] means molarity

In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which the forward reaction rate and the reverse reaction rate are equal. The result of this equilibrium is that the concentrations of the reactants and the products do not change.

Therefore, the answer: Some N2O4 and some NO2