identify specific work roles assumed by management accountants in business organizations and explain how the individuals occupying those roles contribute to internal controls, fraud prevention, an ethical climate and thus to good overall corporate governance.

In this scenario, the type of distribution strategy being proposed is "exclusive distribution."

This means that the retailer will be the only authorized seller of Geoff and Carli's running shoes, allowing them to maintain control over the brand's image and presentation, while also ensuring the products are available through a well-known and trusted platform.

This can be beneficial for both the retailer and the designers, as it can lead to a strong partnership and increased sales for the product.

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A positive change in demand causes the demand curve to shift to the right. The correct answer is option a).

A positive change in demand refers to a situation where demand for a product or service increases due to factors such as a change in consumer preferences, an increase in income, or a decrease in the price of a complementary good. When a positive change in demand occurs, the demand curve will shift to the right. This means that at any given price level, the quantity demanded of the product or service will be higher than before the change in demand.

The shift in the demand curve represents a change in the entire demand schedule, as opposed to a change in quantity demanded caused by a change in price. In other words, the entire demand curve shifts outward, indicating an increase in demand at all price levels. This results in a new equilibrium point where both the price and quantity demanded are higher than before the change in demand.

The shift in the demand curve has important implications for producers, as they must adjust their production levels to meet the new level of demand. They may also need to adjust their pricing strategy in response to changes in demand, as higher demand may allow them to increase prices to maximize profits.

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The inconsistency in the slope coefficient refers to the simple regression of pctstck on funds is considered to be biased and inconsistent if funds and risktol are positively concerned and if the fifth Gauss-Markov assumption is disintegrated .

The fifth Gauss-Markov circumstances mandates that the independent variables be unconcerned with the error term u. If money and risktol have a positive coordination, it prevents them from being independent.

The Gauss-Markov assumptions are a form of conditions that must be aquired for Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression to be BLUE (Best Linear Unbiased Estimator). The fifth assumption is considered homoscedasticity, which refers that the variance of the error term must be constant no matter what the value of regressors are.

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Here's the information and journal entries for Argy Company's stock options under IFRS and US GAAP:

Under both IFRS and US GAAP, the total fair value of the stock options is calculated as follows:
Total fair value = Number of options * Fair value per option
Total fair value = 12,000 * $5 = $60,000

Since the options have a graded vesting schedule, the compensation expense is recognized proportionately over the 3-year requisite service period.

Year 1:
- 4,000 options vest (1/3 of 12,000)
- Compensation expense: $20,000 (1/3 of $60,000)
Journal Entry:
 Compensation Expense $20,000
     Equity - Stock Options $20,000

Year 2:
- 4,000 options vest (1/3 of 12,000)
- Compensation expense: $20,000 (1/3 of $60,000)
Journal Entry:
 Compensation Expense $20,000
     Equity - Stock Options $20,000

Year 3:
- 4,000 options vest (1/3 of 12,000)
- Compensation expense: $20,000 (1/3 of $60,000)
Journal Entry:
 Compensation Expense $20,000
     Equity - Stock Options $20,000

These journal entries and calculations apply to both IFRS and US GAAP, as both frameworks have similar principles for recognizing stock option compensation expense in the case of graded vesting.

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Under both IFRS and US GAAP, the compensation expense related to the stock options should be recognized over the service period of three years, with one third of the options vesting at the end of each calendar year.

Therefore, the amount to be recognized as compensation expense each year would be:

Year 1: 4,000 options x $5 fair value = $20,000
Year 2: 4,000 options x $5 fair value = $20,000
Year 3: 4,000 options x $5 fair value = $20,000

To record the grant of the stock options and the compensation expense each year, the following journal entries would be made:

On January 2, year 1:
Dr. Stock Options Expense $60,000
     Cr. Stock Options Liability $60,000 (to record the grant of the 12,000 stock options)

At the end of year 1:
Dr. Stock Options Expense $20,000
     Cr. Stock Options Liability $20,000 (to recognize the compensation expense for the year)

At the end of year 2:
Dr. Stock Options Expense $20,000
     Cr. Stock Options Liability $20,000 (to recognize the compensation expense for the year)

At the end of year 3:
Dr. Stock Options Expense $20,000
     Cr. Stock Options Liability $20,000 (to recognize the compensation expense for the year)

Note: The Stock Options Liability account is used to track the amount of compensation expense to be recognized in future periods.

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A little publicity say, getting a product mentioned in a newspaper or on TV can often generate more customer interest than a costly ad.

Publicity refers to any non-paid media coverage of a product, service, or organization. This can include news articles, reviews, interviews, and other forms of media coverage.

Publicity is often seen as more credible and trustworthy than advertising, which is paid for by the company and can be perceived as biased.

Even a small amount of positive publicity can have a significant impact on customer interest and sales. This is because people are more likely to trust the opinions of independent journalists or reviewers than they are to trust advertisements.

As a result, companies often try to generate positive publicity for their products or services through targeted media outreach, influencer partnerships, and other forms of public relations.

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$82.50 is the value of F which is total cost. $93.33 is the value of E, when output is 3 units.

Output is 3 units ,

TFC= $200 ,

Total variable cost

= (Average variable cost) × Quantity

= (26.67) × 3

=$80.

At output =3 units,

Total cost = Total fixed cost + Total variable cost

= $(200+80)

=$280.

ATC= TC/3

= $280/3

=$93.33 .

This is the value of E.

Value of F

= TC/4

=$330/4

= $82.50.

This is the value of F.

Hence, option( D) is correct.

overall cost, in economics, is the overall expense a company incurs to produce a particular level of production.

The following succinct summary of this formula: Average unit fixed price plus average unit variable price, multiplied by the quantity of units. The total-cost formula is so represented as follows: (Fixed Cost + Variable Cost) / Units Produced is the formula for total cost.

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The number of days to file with the county assessor for a property transfer varies depending on the state and county in which the property is located. Some states require the transfer to be filed within a few days of the sale, while others allow up to a month or more.

It's important to check with the specific county assessor's office to determine the deadline for filing. In general, it's recommended to file the transfer as soon as possible to ensure that the new owner's name is added to the property records and any applicable property taxes are properly assessed. Failure to file the transfer in a timely manner could result in penalties or fines. Additionally, it's important to make sure all necessary documentation is included with the transfer, such as the sales contract or deed. It's best to work with a qualified real estate professional or attorney to ensure that the transfer is completed correctly and on time.

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Loan loss provisioning models include incurred loss, expected loss, and discounted cash flow. Expected loss calculates credit loss over a loan's life.

Loan Loss Provisioning (LLP) is a process used by financial institutions to account for potential future loan losses. There are two prevalent models of LLP, namely the Incurred Loss Model and the Expected Loss Model. The Incurred Loss Model is a traditional method where banks and financial institutions recognize losses after they have been incurred. In this model, banks wait for a loan to become delinquent or default, and then they recognize the loss in their financial statements. This model is criticized for being reactive and not being able to predict future losses, as it does not account for potential future loan losses.

The Expected Loss Model, on the other hand, is a forward-looking model that accounts for potential future losses. This model is required by accounting standards such as IFRS 9 and CECL (Current Expected Credit Loss). The expected loss is calculated as the probability of default (PD) of the borrower, multiplied by the loss given default (LGD), and the exposure at default (EAD).

For example, suppose a bank has issued a loan of $100,000 to a borrower with a PD of 2%, an LGD of 50%, and an EAD of $80,000. The expected loss for this loan would be calculated as follows:

Expected Loss = PD x LGD x EAD

Expected Loss = 0.02 x 0.5 x $80,000

Expected Loss = $800

This means that the bank would provision $800 as a loan loss provision for this loan.

In conclusion, the Expected Loss Model is a forward-looking approach that is gaining popularity due to its ability to predict future loan losses. It allows banks to set aside reserves to cover potential losses, which helps them to better manage their risks and comply with accounting standards.

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Teams can fail because of tasks team members do (or fail to do), as well as tasks that managers do (or fail to do). The leading causes of team failure linked primarily to what TEAMS do or don't do effectively include:

a) Communicating directly between each other instead of up the chain-of-command: This can lead to a lack of clarity and confusion among team members, as important information may not reach the appropriate decision-makers. Effective communication is vital for a team's success, and following the chain-of-command ensures that everyone is informed and aligned.

b) Seeking feedback from their leaders when they are struggling to resolve conflicts: While it is important for teams to seek guidance from leaders, relying too heavily on them to resolve conflicts can hinder the team's ability to work together effectively. Teams should develop problem-solving and conflict resolution skills to address issues among themselves and only involve leaders when absolutely necessary.

c) Failure to agree on a common goal: A shared goal is crucial for a team to succeed. Without a common goal, team members may prioritize individual objectives over team objectives, leading to a lack of focus and direction. Teams should clearly define and agree on their goals to ensure that everyone is working towards the same outcome.

In summary, effective communication, conflict resolution skills, and a shared goal are essential for a team's success. Teams should strive to improve these aspects to avoid failure and achieve their objectives.

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The best form of communication for the marketing manager to communicate the marketing plan for the new refrigerator model to all the employees in the marketing department is likely to be a meeting or presentation.

This is because a meeting or presentation allows for real-time interaction and discussion, which can help ensure that all employees understand the marketing plan, have the opportunity to ask questions, and can clarify any confusion.

Additionally, a meeting or presentation can help create a sense of unity and shared purpose among the marketing department employees, which can be particularly important for a new product launch.

Other forms of communication such as emails, memos, or reports may not be as effective as they do not allow for real-time interaction and feedback.

This can make it difficult to ensure that everyone understands the marketing plan and may not provide the opportunity for questions and clarifications.

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In the purchase of a 51-day T-bill for $.9932, the discount rate is 2% and the effective investment yield is 6%.

The discount rate can be calculated by subtracting the purchase price from the face value of the T-bill, dividing that difference by the face value, then multiplying by the number of days in the holding period, and finally multiplying by 360 days (the standard number of days used for T-bills).

So, the discount rate, in this case, would be:

((1 - 0.9932)/1) x (51/360) x 360 = 0.02 or 2%

To calculate the effective investment yield, we need to take into account the fact that we paid a discounted price for the T-bill, which means our return will be higher than just the discount rate.

The formula for effective investment yield is:

(1 + discount rate)^(365/days held) - 1

In this case, the effective investment yield would be:

(1 + 0.02)^(365/51) - 1 = 0.06 or 6%

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If you purchase the house for $475,000 and your Loan-to-value ratio is 70%, your down payment is $146,000.

The Loan-to-value ratio is the proportion of the loan amount to the appraised value of the property. The down payment is the amount you pay upfront to secure the purchase of the property.

In this scenario, the purchase price of the house in Mendota Heights is $475,000, and the appraised value is $470,000. You decide to purchase it for $475,000, and your LTV ratio is 70%. Since the LTV ratio is based on the appraised value, we can use the following formula:

Loan amount = LTV ratio * Appraised value
Loan amount = 0.7 * $470,000
Loan amount = $329,000

Now, to calculate the down payment, we subtract the loan amount from the purchase price:

Down payment = Purchase price - Loan amount
Down payment = $475,000 - $329,000
Down payment = $146,000

So, based on the 70% LTV ratio, your down payment for the house in Mendota Heights would be $146,000.

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When Starbucks management decided to phase out plastic straws in 2018, they were considering the impact of their actions as a company on the environment and society as a whole.

Plastic pollution is a growing concern for many people, and Starbucks recognized that they needed to take responsibility for their contribution to the problem. By eliminating plastic straws from their stores, they reduced their environmental footprint, minimized waste, and took a step towards sustainability.

However, Starbucks also had to consider the practical implications of this decision, including the cost of transitioning to alternative materials, potential impact on customer satisfaction, and the feasibility of implementing the change across their global operations. They worked closely with their suppliers to develop innovative and sustainable solutions, such as using paper straws and developing new lids that don't require straws.

Overall, Starbucks' decision to phase out plastic straws was a responsible and forward-thinking move that reflects their commitment to corporate social responsibility and sustainability.

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The fundamental learning unit within the modern "learning organization" is the individual rather than the team. True False False.

The fundamental learning unit within the modern "learning organization" is the team rather than the individual. In a learning organization, the emphasis is on collaborative learning and sharing of knowledge among team members.

The team is viewed as the primary unit for learning, and the organization as a whole is seen as a community of learners.

Individual learning is still important, but it is viewed as a means to enhance team learning rather than as the primary focus.

The goal is to create a culture of continuous learning and improvement, where knowledge is shared and leveraged to improve organizational performance.

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Here is the income statement for Jones Company for the year ended December 31:
Calculate Manufacturing Overhead:
Total Manufacturing Costs = $770,000
Direct Labor = $200,000
Purchases of Raw Material = $250,000
Manufacturing Overhead = Total Manufacturing Costs - Direct Labor - Purchases of Raw Material
Manufacturing Overhead = $770,000 - $200,000 - $250,000 = $320,000

Calculate the Ending Work in Progress:
Cost of Goods Available for Sale = $700,000
Beginning Finished Goods = $200,000
Cost of Goods Sold = $300,000
Ending Finished Goods = Cost of Goods Available for Sale - (Beginning Finished Goods + Cost of Goods Sold)
Ending Finished Goods = $700,000 - ($200,000 + $300,000) = $200,000

Calculate the Ending Work in Progress:
Beginning Work in Progress = $150,000
Total Manufacturing Costs = $770,000
Cost of Goods Manufactured = Total Manufacturing Costs - Ending Work in Progress
Cost of Goods Manufactured = $770,000 - $150,000 = $620,000

Income Statement:

Sales Revenue
Less: Cost of Goods Sold ($300,000)
Gross Profit

Less: Operating Expenses
Selling Expenses ($100,000)
Administrative Expenses ($20,000)
Total Operating Expenses ($120,000)
Net Operating Income ($80,000)

The amounts with question marks are:
- Manufacturing Overhead: $320,000
- Ending Work in Progress: $150,000
- Ending Finished Goods: $200,000

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The following are ways to increase the capacity of a bottleneck selling some of the machines at the bottleneck and shifting workers to the process that is the bottleneck. The correct options are A and C.

Congestion can be eased and overall capacity can be increased by lowering the number of machines at the bottleneck. This can be achieved by locating extra equipment that is not required for the bottleneck operation and removing it. The workforce can be optimized to achieve optimal efficiency by reallocating personnel from non-bottleneck activities to the bottleneck process.

Thus, the ideal selections are options A and C.

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The overhead absorption rate per call made is GHȻ1.573. To determine the overhead absorption rate per call made, we need to divide the total overhead cost by the total number of calls made. This was computed by dividing the total overhead cost of GHȻ107,415 by the total number of calls made which is 68,200

To calculate the overhead absorption rate per call made, we need to use the formula:

Overhead absorption rate = Total overhead cost / Total number of calls made

From the information given in the question, we know that the budgeted overhead cost for the latest period is GHȻ112,530 and the actual overhead expenditure is GHȻ107,415. This means that the total overhead cost is:

Total overhead cost = GHȻ107,415

We also know that during the period, 68,200 calls were made. So the total number of calls made is:

Total number of calls made = 68,200

Now we can calculate the overhead absorption rate per call made as follows:

Overhead absorption rate per call made = Total overhead cost / Total number of calls made
Overhead absorption rate per call made = GHȻ107,415 / 68,200
Overhead absorption rate per call made = GHȻ1.573

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A maintenance expenditure should be capitalized if it improves or extends the useful life of an asset.

In other words, if the expenditure increases the future economic benefits that will be derived from the asset beyond its original specification, then it should be capitalized.

This is because the expenditure is considered to be enhancing the asset's value, rather than simply maintaining it in its current state.

However, it is important to consider other factors as well, such as the materiality of the expenditure and whether it meets the capitalization criteria set by accounting standards.

For example, if the expenditure is relatively small and doesn't materially impact the asset's value or useful life, it may be more appropriate to expense it rather than capitalize it.

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The answer for the statement ''A partnership may allocate salary allowances to the partners who spend more time working for the business''  is True. A partnership is a business structure where two or more individuals share ownership and responsibility for the business.

The partners may agree to allocate salary allowances based on various factors, including the amount of time each partner spends working for the business. This allocation can be documented in the partnership agreement, which outlines the terms and conditions of the partnership.

The agreement may also outline other factors that could impact salary allowances, such as the partners' contributions to the business or their individual skills and experience. The allocation of salary allowances is an important aspect of a partnership as it ensures that each partner is fairly compensated for their time and effort.

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The straight-line method of depreciation is a simple and widely used approach for allocating the cost of an asset over its useful life, and it provides a systematic way to account for the decline in an asset's value over time.

The straight-line method of depreciation is a common approach used in accounting to allocate the cost of an asset over its useful life. It is calculated by subtracting the salvage value (if any) from the asset's cost and then dividing the resulting amount by the asset's estimated useful life. The result is the annual depreciation expense that can be recognized in the financial statements.

In this method, the percentage of depreciation is calculated as a fraction of the asset's cost. For example, if an asset has a cost of $10,000 and an estimated useful life of 5 years with no salvage value, then the annual depreciation expense would be $2,000 ($10,000/5 years). This represents a depreciation rate of 20% of the asset's cost per year.

The total depreciation is the sum of all the annual depreciation expenses recognized over the asset's useful life. This amount can be used to calculate the written-down value of the asset, which is the book value of the asset at a given point in time. The written-down value is the original cost of the asset minus the accumulated depreciation recognized to date.

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The factor that is NOT necessary for this model is Ordering cost: While ordering cost is crucial in determining the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), it is not necessary for the fixed-time period model with safety stock.

The fixed-time period model with safety stock is a method used to determine the optimal order quantity for inventory replenishment. In this model, the following factors are considered:

a) Forecast average daily demand: It is essential to know the expected demand per day to calculate how much inventory is required during the lead time.
b) Lead time in days: This indicates how long it takes to receive the ordered inventory, helping to ensure adequate stock during this period.
d) Safety stock: It is an extra amount of inventory kept as a buffer to account for variability in demand and lead time.
e) Inventory currently on hand: This information is necessary to calculate how much more inventory needs to be ordered.

However, the factor that is NOT necessary for this model is:

c) Ordering cost: While ordering cost is crucial in determining the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), it is not necessary for the fixed-time period model with safety stock. The focus of this model is to maintain a specified service level by accounting for demand and lead time variability, rather than minimizing costs.

In summary, to compute the order quantity using the fixed-time period model with safety stock, you do not need the ordering cost. Instead, you will need forecast average daily demand, lead time in days, safety stock, and inventory currently on hand.

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When the rate will be 7 per hour and fixed rate 8 per hour in that condition total rate variance will be $7 which is unfavorable .

Var FOH rate                                              7  

                        Add: Fixed rate                     8  

                       Total Standard FOH rate             $ 15  

2.) Standard Hours                  10  

 x  Total Standard FOH rate 15  

 Applied FOH                        $ 150

3.) Actual total FOH          157  

 Less: Applied FOH 150  

 Total FOH Variance   $ 7     Unfavorable

The difference between the expected price and the actual price, multiplied by the quantity purchased, is called a rate variance. The idea is used to find situations where a business is paying too much for goods, services, or labor. A standard expense change is the distinction between a standard expense and a genuine expense.

A company's costs are monitored using this variance, and management takes action when a significant negative variance is incurred. Measures of rate variation determine how much of a currency's variation is caused by differences in Cost Per Head.

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Complete question as follows :

Var FOH Rate= 7 Per Hour Fixed Rate=8 Per Hr Stand HRS=10 Actual TOT FOH=157 1.TOT STND FOH Rate 2.Applied FOH 3.TOTAL FOH VARIANCE

Var FOH Rate= 7 Per Hour

Fixed Rate=8 Per Hr

Stand HRS=10

Actual TOT FOH=157

1.TOT STND FOH Rate

2.Applied FOH

3.TOTAL FOH VARIANCE

When the total amount the government spends equals tax revenues in any given year, it means that the government has a balanced budget. In such a scenario, the rational debt, which is the total amount of money owed by the government to its creditors, would remain constant as there is no deficit spending. However, it does not necessarily mean that the other variables such as the price level, real interest rate, money supply, and real gross domestic product would remain constant.

The price level, which refers to the average level of prices of goods and services in an economy, can be affected by various factors such as changes in demand and supply, inflation, and government policies. Therefore, it can fluctuate even if the government has a balanced budget.

The real interest rate, which is the nominal interest rate adjusted for inflation, can also be influenced by factors such as monetary policy, inflation, and economic growth. Therefore, it can change even if the government has a balanced budget.

The money supply, which refers to the total amount of money in circulation in an economy, can also change due to various factors such as monetary policy, changes in demand and supply, and government spending. Therefore, it can fluctuate even if the government has a balanced budget.

Real gross domestic product, which is the total value of goods and services produced in an economy, can also be affected by various factors such as changes in demand and supply, government policies, and technological advancements. Therefore, it can change even if the government has a balanced budget.

In summary, while a balanced budget may help to stabilize the rational debt, it does not guarantee that other economic variables such as the price level, real interest rate, money supply, and real gross domestic product would remain constant.

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The correct answer is b. total of all sales backorders. The general ledger department typically receives information related to the total increases to accounts receivable, total of all sales, and total decreases in inventory.

The general ledger department periodically receives all of the following except: b. total of all sales backorders. The general ledger department typically receives information related to total increases to accounts receivable (a), total of all sales (c), and total decreases in inventory (d). However, it does not typically receive information on the total of all sales backorders, as backorders are an operational issue that is managed by other departments, such as sales and inventory management. Backorders are typically managed by the sales or inventory departments, and their status may be communicated to the general ledger department as needed for accounting purposes.

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Washington requires property management firms to execute written management agreements with owners for whom they provide services.

Washington requires property management firms to execute written management agreements with owners for whom they provide services. This is a long answer, but it is important to note that these agreements outline the scope of services to be provided, the responsibilities of the property management firm, and the fees to be charged. By having a written agreement in place, both the property management firm and the owner are protected in case of any disputes or misunderstandings.
 

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The statement is true because a decreasing marginal product implies that additional units of output require smaller and smaller increments of the variable input thus, marginal cost increases. Option B is correct.

A decreasing marginal product means that each additional unit of the variable input used results in a smaller increase in output. As a result, the marginal cost of production increases since more resources have to be used to produce the same level of output.

Therefore, the correct option is B. true; a decreasing marginal product implies that additional units of output require smaller and smaller increments of the variable input; thus, marginal cost increases.

a decreasing marginal product tells us that marginal cost must be rising.

A. false; a decreasing marginal product indicates that average total cost, not marginal cost, is rising.

B. true; a decreasing marginal product implies that additional units of output require smaller and smaller increments of the variable input; thus, marginal cost increases.

C. true; a decreasing marginal product implies that additional units of output require larger and larger increments of the variable input; thus, marginal cost increases.

D. false; a decreasing marginal product indicates that marginal cost is also decreasing.

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Answer:

C. stock keeping units

Explanation:

Logistics efficiency is evaluated based on various logistics cost factors, such as transportation costs, inventory holding costs, packing costs, stevedoring costs, information costs and administration costs. Each cost factor is further classified as a private cost or a public cost, such as consignment.

Effective Project Portfolio Management attempts to link the organization's projects directly to the goals and strategy of the organization.

Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is the process of selecting, prioritizing, and managing an organization's projects to achieve its strategic goals.

Effective PPM requires a holistic approach that considers the organization's overall strategy, objectives, and available resources.

By linking the organization's projects directly to its goals and strategy, PPM ensures that the organization is investing its resources in projects that align with its overall mission and that have the potential to provide the greatest value.

PPM helps the organization prioritize projects and allocate resources to achieve the greatest impact.

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When customers ask banks to manage investments on their behalf, the money or property that is turned over for the bank to manage is said to be held in a "custodial account" or "managed account."

Typically, a parent or grandparent opens a custodial account on behalf of their minor kid or grandchild. Even though the account's minor beneficiary does not have control over it, when you deposit money into a custodial account, you are making a gift to that person. Custodial accounts have particular advantages and disadvantages. The flexibility of the account is the key benefit. Another advantage is that custodial accounts are more affordable than trusts.

The main drawback is that when a kid achieves the age of majority, custodians no longer have authority over the money. Legally, the beneficiary of a custodial account is the child. When kids reach legal age, they have complete control over it and are free to spend the money whatever they like, regardless of what their parents had in mind.

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