Identify the correct sequence of events in organizational strategic planning. - Goals, Processes, Technology, Profits - Available Technology, Goals, Mission Objectives - Mission Available Technology, Objectives, Environmental Analysis - Mission, Environmental Analysis, Goals, Objectives

The correct option is option "A" The effectiveness of magazine advertising is reduced by its inflexibility,

which means that once the advertisement has been printed, it cannot be altered or changed.

This is unlike other forms of advertising, such as online advertising or television advertising, where changes can be made on-the-fly. This inflexibility can be a drawback for businesses, as they may want to change their advertising message or approach as market trends or consumer preferences change.
Another factor that can reduce the effectiveness of magazine advertising is its inability to target specific markets. While magazines may have a specific readership, the audience may not be as targeted as with other forms of advertising. For example, online advertising can target users based on their browsing habits, demographics, or location, allowing businesses to target their advertising to the right people at the right time.
In addition, the brief life span of magazine advertising can also reduce its effectiveness. Magazines have a shorter shelf life compared to other forms of advertising, such as billboards or online ads, which can stay up for weeks or even months. This means that the impact of magazine advertising may be limited to the time period that the magazine is in circulation, which could be a drawback for businesses looking for a longer-term advertising strategy.
Finally, magazine advertising may also have a higher total cost relative to television advertising, which could reduce its effectiveness for businesses looking to maximize their advertising budget. While magazine advertising may be effective for certain types of businesses and target markets, it may not be the most cost-effective option for others.

So, the correct answer is option A

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The correct answer is A) inflexibility. Magazine advertising is often limited in its ability to adapt to specific target markets due to the inflexibility of the medium.

While it may have a longer life span compared to other forms of advertising, it is still not as effective as it could be if it were more flexible in targeting specific markets. Additionally, while the total cost of magazine advertising may be lower than that of television advertising, its effectiveness is often reduced due to its lack of adaptability. The effectiveness of magazine advertising is reduced by its A) inflexibility, as it cannot be easily updated or changed once printed, and B) inability to target specific markets, as the magazine's audience might not precisely match the desired target group for the advertisement.

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According to the CAPM, the appropriate required rate of return for Stock A is 11.4%, for Stock B is 12.04%, and for Stock C is 17%.

The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) estimates the required rate of return for an investment based on its level of risk, as measured by its beta, and the expected return of the overall market. The formula for the required rate of return is:

Required rate of return = Risk-free rate + (Beta x (Market rate - Risk-free rate))

A: 1.Required return=7+0.55*(15-7)=11.4%

B: 2.Required return=7+0.63*(15-7)=12.04%

C: 3.Required return=7+1.25*(15-7)=17%

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The appropriate required rate of return for Stock A is 11.6%, for Stock B is 12.6%, and for Stock C is 18%.

We apply the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to calculate the needed rate of return using the following formula:

Required rate of return = Risk-free rate + Beta × (Market rate - Risk-free rate)

We can get the needed rate of return for each stock using the information provided:

For Stock A: Required rate of return = 7% + 0.55 × (15% - 7%) = 11.6%

For Stock B: Required rate of return = 7% + 0.63 × (15% - 7%) = 12.6%

For Stock C: Required rate of return = 7% + 1.25 × (15% - 7%) = 18%

Therefore, based on the given information and using the CAPM, the appropriate required rate of return for Stock A is 11.6%, for Stock B is 12.6%, and for Stock C is 18%.

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The given statement "an analyst can always meaningfully compare price changes for an import price index relative to a producer price index whenever both indices reside at the same level of the north american industrial classification system (naics)" is True. An analyst cannot always meaningfully compare price changes for an import price index relative to a producer price index.

When both the import price index and producer price index are at the same level of the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS), an analyst can meaningfully compare the price changes between them.

This is because they are based on the same classification system, which allows for a more accurate comparison of the price changes.

Even if both indices reside at the same level of the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS). This is because these two indices measure different aspects of the economy, and their movements may be influenced by different factors.Option a)true is the right answer

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The perpetual preferred stock of Fariey, Inc. has a required rate of return of 7.07%. Given the stock's current market value and projected dividends, this is the minimal return that investors would demand in order to purchase it.

The required rate of return for Fariey, Inc.'s perpetual preferred stock can be calculated using the dividend discount model formula:

Required rate of return = Dividend / Stock price

In this case, the annual dividend is $3.25 and the stock price is $46 per share.

Required rate of return = $3.25 / $46 = 0.07065 or 7.07% (rounded to two decimal places)

Therefore, the required rate of return for Fariey, Inc.'s perpetual preferred stock is 7.07%. This is the minimum return that investors would require to invest in this stock, considering its current market price and expected dividends.

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The incremental undepreciated capital cost (UCC) for year 2 is $385,000. So, the correct option is C. $385,000.

Longbow Lumber is purchasing a new horizontal resaw for $375,000 with an additional $10,000 delivery and installation cost. The total cost is $385,000.

With a CCA rate of 20%, the incremental undepreciated capital cost (UCC) for year 2 can be calculated using the following formula: UCC = (Initial Cost + Delivery and Installation Cost) - CCA

Where:

Initial Cost = Cost of the horizontal resaw = $375,000

Delivery and Installation Cost = $10,000

CCA rate = 20% of the Initial Cost = 20% * $375,000 = $75,000

Substituting these values into the formula:

UCC = ($375,000 + $10,000) - $75,000

UCC = $385,000 - $75,000

UCC = $310,000

Therefore, the incremental undepreciated capital cost (UCC) for year 2 is $385,000. So, the correct option is C. $385,000.

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The incremental undepreciated capital cost (UCC) for year 2 is  $308,000. The correct option is (c).

It is possible to calculate the incremental UCC for year 2 as follows:

Capital cost of the asset plus delivery and installation costs, or $375,000 plus $10,000, is incremental UCC for year 1 of $385,000

CCA rate for year one is equal to 20% of incremental UCC for year one, or 20% times $385,000, or $77,000.

Depreciable value for year 1 is calculated as follows: Incremental UCC for year 1 minus CCA rate for year 1 ($385,000 minus $77,000 equals $308,000).

Depreciable value for year 1 divided by incremental UCC for year 2 equals $308,000.

As a result, year 2's incremental UCC is $308,000. The options given do not include the right response.

Most companies aim to increase their size and reach. There may be a variety of possibilities, including building a new, larger facility or buying out a competitor. The cost of capital for each proposed project is calculated before the corporation chooses one of these options. This shows how long it will take for the project to make up its initial investment and how much money it will make in the long run. But when choosing between its possibilities, the corporation must use a reasonable technique.

Complete Question:

Longbow Lumber is purchasing a new horizontal resaw at a cost of $375,000. There is an additional $10,000 delivery and installation cost. The machine has a capital cost allowance (CCA) rate of 20%. What is the incremental undepreciated capital cost (UCC) for year 2?

A. $375,000

B. $346,500

C. $308,000

D. $337,500

E. $192,500

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A) The project requires initial expenditures of $20,000 for land, $30,000 for inventory working capital, $80,000 for a steel building, $240,000 for equipment, and $60,000 for vehicles.

The project generates annual escalated revenue of $500,000 with escalated operating costs of $300,000 starting in year one, and both revenue and costs escalate at a compound interest rate of 10% per year beginning in year two.

Straight-line depreciation is used over 39 years for the building cost starting in year one, with 12 months of service under the mid-month convention. The effective combined federal and state income tax rate is 25%.

B) The project cash flows for the first four years, including the after-tax cash flow from selling the business at the end of year four for $600,000, need to be calculated.

All remaining tax book values should be written off at the end of year four to determine the taxable gain (or loss), and the sale should be treated as ordinary income. Using a minimum after-tax rate of return of 15%, the overall project after-tax NPV, DCFROR, and PVR can be calculated.

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For teams with a lot of people and projects with many tasks or milestones that are dependent on one another, the best tracking method is a project management tool that supports a Gantt chart.

A Gantt chart is a bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. It shows the start and end dates of each task, as well as the dependencies between them. This visual representation allows project managers to see the progress of each task, identify any delays, and adjust the schedule accordingly. Gantt charts can also be used to track resources and costs, making them an effective tool for managing complex projects with multiple dependencies.

There are many project management tools that support Gantt charts, such as Asana, Trello, Microsoft Project, and Smartsheet. These tools allow team members to collaborate in real-time, assign tasks to specific individuals, and set deadlines for each task. They also provide alerts and notifications to ensure that everyone is on track and aware of any changes to the schedule.

Overall, using a project management tool with a Gantt chart is the best tracking method for teams with a lot of people and projects with many tasks or milestones that are dependent on one another. It provides a clear visual representation of the project schedule and allows team members to collaborate effectively, ensuring that the project is completed on time and within budget.

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Sid and Nancy had taken a few steps prior to the bankruptcy that may be offences under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act.

Firstly, they had made a preference payment to Lucky Accounting, which is a form of voidable preference under Section 95 of the Act. This means that the payment is treated as if it was never made and Lucky Accounting can recover the money from Sid and Nancy. Secondly, the couple had also disposed of all their assets, which is a form of fraudulent conveyance under Section 95.1 of the Act. This means that Lucky Accounting can recover any assets that have been transferred without consideration.

Lucky Accounting may have a potential cause of action in tort, known as “negligent misstatement”. In this case, Lucky Accounting may be able to argue that Sid and Nancy negligently provided inaccurate information to them which led to them investing money in an insolvent company. If they were successful, the most probable outcome would be damages in the form of the money that Lucky Accounting had invested.

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The closest answer is B. 25.5%, the hedge fund needs to earn 25.88% before fees to provide investors with a 20% return after fees.

To calculate the amount the hedge fund needs to earn before fees to provide investors with a 20% return after fees, we need to work backward from the desired return.

Let X be the amount the hedge fund needs to earn before fees. Then, the net return after management fees would be X - 2%. The incentive fee would be 15% of the net return, or 0.15(X - 2%). Therefore, the total return after fees would be:

X - 2% - 0.15(X - 2%) = 20%

Simplifying this equation, we get:

0.85X - 2% = 20%

0.85X = 22%

X = 22%/0.85

Solving for X, we get X = 25.88%. Therefore, the hedge fund needs to earn 25.88% before fees to provide investors with a 20% return after fees.

The closest answer choice is B. 25.5%.

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The quark division is likely to reject the $340 price.

Since the question does not provide information about the variable cost or fixed cost associated with the production of the 1,000-unit order, we cannot determine the profitability of accepting the $340 price.

However, if the price is lower than the total cost of production, the division would likely reject it to avoid incurring losses. Moreover, even if the price is above the total cost of production, the division may still reject it if it believes it can obtain a higher price from alternative buyers.

Therefore, without more information about the cost structure and market conditions, it is difficult to determine the division's decision.

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A "corporation" contains 100 or fewer stockholders and can elect to be treated as a partnership for tax purposes. The stockholders have limited liability.

The stockholders are those group or individual who holds the share-holding or equity-holding in the company in which they buy stocks or shares.

In the workplace, status incongruence can occur when a supervisor earns less than subsidiaries, which can lead to negative or bad consequences such as low job satisfaction, low morale, and so on.

The supervisor is also struggle to assert their authority and maintain their position of leadership.

Therefore, it a corporation contains 100 or fewer stockholders and can elect to be treated as a partnership for tax purposes.

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Net profit is computed in the Profit and Loss Account. The correct option is (A). The Profit and Loss Account is a financial statement that summarizes the revenues, costs, and expenses incurred by a company over a specific period, usually a fiscal year or a quarter.

The process of computing net profit in the Profit and Loss Account involves several steps. First, the gross profit is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold from the revenue generated. Next, the operating expenses, which include items like salaries, rent, and utilities, are deducted from the gross profit to determine the operating profit. Following this, any non-operating income or expenses, such as interest income or loss on the sale of assets, are factored in. Finally, taxes are deducted to arrive at the net profit or loss.

In contrast, B) Balance Sheet provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time, showing its assets, liabilities, and equity. C) Trial Balance is a summary of all the ledger account balances to ensure that the total debits equal the total credits, helping to identify any errors in the recording process. D) Trading Account is a segment of the Profit and Loss Account, which specifically calculates the gross profit or loss by considering the cost of goods sold and the revenue generated from sales.

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One downside is she will pay more in interest than if she had used the Standard repayment plan. The answer is OPTION D.

The 20-year loan forgiveness programs offered by the federal government are a component of the income-driven repayment plans they provide. Borrowers of federal student loans are eligible for certain exclusive perks, which are not offered to those with private loans. Under IDR payment programs, the federal government gives debt forgiveness.

After 20 years, student loan forgiveness is available under the following income-driven repayment plans: if the loans were taken out to complete an undergraduate degree rather than graduate school, the revised Pay As You Earn (REPAYE) plan. Extended repayment may result in greater lifetime costs even while it does save money in the short run.

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In linear models, predictor p-values provide a pointer to the statistical significance of a predictor coefficient value; they measure the likelihood that a randomly shuffled model could have produced a coefficient as large as the fitted value.

A low p-value (0.05) suggests that the null hypothesis can be rejected. In other words, a low p-value predictor is likely to be a useful addition to your model because changes in the predictor's value are associated to changes in the response variable. If the P-value is less than 0.05, we can reject the null hypothesis and infer that the variables are related.

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The future value of the annuity due is $167,260.

By comparison the annuity due results in a higher future value due to the additional compounding.

To calculate the future value of an annuity, we can use the following formula:

FV = Pmt x ((1 + r)^n - 1) / r

Where:

Pmt = the amount of each payment

r = the interest rate per period

n = the number of periods

For this problem, we have Pmt = $5,000, r = 10%, and n = 15.

Using the formula for an ordinary annuity (payments made at the end of each period), we get:

FV = $5,000 x ((1 + 0.10)^15 - 1) / 0.10

FV = $5,000 x (4.046 - 1) / 0.10

FV = $5,000 x 30.46

FV = $152,300

Therefore, the future value of the annuity is $152,300.

Now, to calculate the future value of an annuity due (payments made at the beginning of each period), we can use a slightly different formula:

FV = Pmt x ((1 + r)^n - 1) / r x (1 + r)

Where the additional (1 + r) term accounts for the fact that the first payment is made at the beginning of the period.

Using this formula, we get:

FV = $5,000 x ((1 + 0.10)^15 - 1) / 0.10 x (1 + 0.10)

FV = $5,000 x (4.046 - 1) / 0.10 x 1.10

FV = $5,000 x 30.46 x 1.10

FV = $167,260

Therefore, the future value of the annuity due is $167,260.

Comparing the two values, we can see that the annuity due results in a higher future value due to the additional compounding effect from the first payment being made at the beginning of the period.

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(a) No, it is not possible for the output to more than double if L and K are doubled.

(b) The minimum cost to produce q cars is 20q if q <= 200, and [tex]1120q^(2/3) if q > 200.[/tex]

(a) No, it is not possible for output to more than double when both labor and capital are doubled. This is because the production function is limited by the minimum of 0.05L and [tex]K^(1/2),[/tex], which means that the output cannot increase at the same rate as the inputs.

(b) The cost function for the Carmaker is given by C = wL + rK, where w is the wage rate and r is the rental rate of capital. Using the production function, we can express K in terms of L as K = [tex](q/0.05L)^2[/tex]. Substituting this into the cost function, we get:

[tex]C = 400L + 10(q/0.05L)^2[/tex]

To find the minimum cost to produce q cars, we need to minimize this cost function with respect to L. Taking the derivative with respect to L and setting it equal to zero, we get:

400 - [tex]400q^2/L^3 = 0[/tex]

Solving for L, we get:

L = [tex](q^2/100)^(1/3)[/tex]

Substituting this back into the cost function, we get:

C = [tex]4q(q/100)^(1/3) + 10q(100/q)^(2/3)[/tex]

Simplifying, we get:

C =[tex]14q(25/q)^(1/3)[/tex]

Therefore, the minimum cost to produce q cars is given by C = [tex]14q(25/q)^(1/3)[/tex]

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These resources are ranked from most important to least important:

Human resources, Natural resources, Infrastructure, Financial resources, Technological resources and Environmental resources.

In this fast-growing country, the relative importance of resources can be inferred by analyzing the factors contributing to its economic success.

The following resources are ranked from most important to least important:

1. Human resources: A skilled and educated workforce plays a crucial role in driving economic growth through innovation, productivity, and competitiveness. Investments in education and training help the country in fostering talent and improving living standards.

2. Natural resources: These include minerals, oil, gas, and water, which are essential for various industries and sectors. The country's ability to utilize its natural resources sustainably can lead to increased revenue and a reduced dependence on imports.

3. Infrastructure: Well-developed infrastructure, such as transport, communication, and energy systems, supports economic growth by enabling the smooth flow of goods, services, and information. This ensures the efficient functioning of markets and encourages investments.

4. Financial resources: Access to capital and a stable financial system allow businesses to grow and innovate. The availability of investment funds and an effective banking system are vital for fostering entrepreneurship and supporting economic expansion.

5. Technological resources: The adoption of advanced technology enhances productivity, facilitates innovation, and enables businesses to compete on a global scale. Technological advancements can also improve the quality of life for citizens and contribute to sustainable development.

6. Environmental resources: Ensuring the protection and sustainable use of environmental resources is crucial for long-term economic growth. Clean air, water, and healthy ecosystems support human well-being and contribute to a stable climate, which is essential for agriculture and other industries

. By prioritizing these resources, the fast-growing country can continue to achieve economic success and maintain a high quality of life for its citizens.

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The futures price on FTSE 100 for a contract with December 2020 delivery is 5654.85. The answer is (a).

To determine the futures price on FTSE 100 for a contract with December 2020 delivery, we need to use the following formula:

[tex]F = S * e^{[(r - q)T][/tex]

where:

F = futures price

S = spot price (in this case, the FTSE100 on March 15, 2020, which is 5790)

r = risk-free interest rate (the 9-month UK T-bill rate, which is 0.40%)

q = dividend yield (estimated at 3.5% for the FTSE100)

T = time to delivery (which is 9/12, or 0.75)

Plugging in the numbers, we get:

[tex]F = 5790 * e^{[(0.004 - 0.035) * 0.75][/tex]

[tex]F = 5790 * e^{[-0.02325][/tex]

F = 5790 * 0.97706

F = 5654.85

So the answer is (a) 5654.85.

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The first in first out (FIFO) method of calculating inventory cost is used to estimate the amount of ending inventory. Thus, the accurate answer is option (B).

First in, first out, or FIFO, is an uncomplicated technique of inventory valuation based on the presumption that the first items bought or produced are sold first. This implies that older inventory is distributed to customers before fresh inventory, in theory.

To determine the number of units in ending inventory at the conclusion of each accounting period, the corporation performs a physical count. The cost of ending inventory is then calculated using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) technique by the company.

Therefore, option B is the appropriate response.

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The Gross Profit Method is used to estimate the cost of ending inventory. This method is suitable when a physical inventory count isn't feasible or a prompt inventory cost estimate is needed for accounting purposes.

The method of calculating inventory cost that is used to estimate the amount of ending inventory is the Gross Profit Method. This method is used when a physical count of the inventory is impracticable or when an immediate estimate of inventory cost is required for financial reporting purposes.

Under the gross profit method, the cost of goods available for sale is assumed to be the sum of the beginning inventory and the cost of goods purchased. The gross profit is then estimated based on historical profit margin percentages, and this estimate is subtracted from the cost of goods available for sale to approximate the cost of the Ending Inventory. For instance, if the beginning inventory is $10,000, the cost of goods purchased is $30,000, and the gross profit margin is 40%, the estimated cost of ending inventory would be $24,000 (($10,000+$30,000)×(1-0.40)).

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The answer is (c) 9.43%. The percentage of each source of funding in the company's capital structure and multiplying it by the cost of that source of funding is necessary to determine the Weighted Average Cost

Do 10700 shares of common stock belong to Charlotte's Crochet Shoppe?

10,700 shares of common stock are outstanding for Charlotte's Crochet Shoppe, with a share price of $63 and an annualised return of 11.13 percent. Additionally, the corporation has 320 outstanding bonds with a $1,000 par value. The bonds trade at 93.6% of par, with a pretax cost of debt of 5.89%.

Total market value of the company equals 10100 * 61 = 616,100.

Equity weight: 10100 * $61 / 616,100 = 1.00

Debt load equals debt value divided by the company's total market value.

Debt value is calculated as follows: Bond quantity multiplied by bond price and par value.

93% of the bond's par value, or 0.93 times $1,000, equals $930.

Debt value equals 300 * $1,000 * 930, or $279,000.

Debt weight equals $279,900 divided by $616,100, or 0.45

Equity Cost = Return Rate = 11.05%

Cost of debt is equal to Pretax cost of debt * (1 - Tax rate) = 5.85% * (1 - 0.34), which is 3.85%.

WACC is equal to the sum of the weights of equity and debt.

WACC = 1.00 * 11.05% + 0.45 * 3.85% = 9.43%

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The company's taxable income is $70,000

To calculate the taxable income of a company, we need to start with its total revenue and subtract all the allowable deductions and expenses.

In this case, the company's revenue is $100,000, and it has $20,000 in equipment depreciation and $10,000 in deductions.

Therefore, the company's taxable income can be calculated as follows:

Taxable income = Revenue - Depreciation - Deductions

Taxable income = $100,000 - $20,000 - $10,000

Taxable income = $70,000

So the company's taxable income is $70,000. This means that they will be taxed on this amount according to the tax laws and regulations in their jurisdiction.

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Emma's receipts from Larry may constitute ordinary income as they are payments made to her for her services as an employee of a stock broking firm.

Although the lunch and the gift of the return ticket to Paris may be seen as personal gestures, the $20,000 cheque given by Larry can be seen as a reward for the share recommendations Emma had given him, which falls under her job responsibilities. Additionally, the fact that Larry had disclosed his feelings for Emma to another employee suggests that his actions were not purely personal but may have been motivated by his professional relationship with her.

Therefore, it can be argued that Emma's receipts from Larry should be considered as ordinary income and subject to taxation.

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a. Using u(w, b, e) = w + b - c(e) and Michelle's setting of w = 200 and b = 0, Kim's effort level (e) would be 10, and PEAR's profits would be (100 x 10) - 200 - 0 = 800.

b. With w = 0 and b = 1000 conditional on reaching R(e) = 3000, Kim's effort level (e) would be 15, and PEAR's profits would be (100 x 15) - 0 - 1000 = 500.

c. Using w = 100 and b = 0.2R(e), the bonus payment would be b = 0.2 x 100e = 20e, and Kim's effort level (e) would be 13.5, and PEAR's profits would be (100 x 13.5) - 100 - (20 x 13.5) = 950.

d. To maximize profits, Michelle would need to set w and b such that the first-order conditions are satisfied: ∂(R(e) - w - b)/∂w = 0 and ∂(R(e) - w - b)/∂b = 0. Solving these equations, we get w = 100 and b = 0.5R(e) - 50. With these values, Kim's effort level (e) would be 12.5, and PEAR's profits would be (100 x 12.5) - 100 - (0.5 x 100 x 12.5) + 50 = 1125.

i. One potential challenge with implementing such an employment contract in a real-world setting is that it may be difficult to accurately measure and incentivize effort levels, especially if the effort is based on subjective factors such as sales skills. Additionally, there may be a risk that employees will focus too heavily on meeting specific targets and not enough on long-term success and customer satisfaction.

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Complete question:

Kim is a salesperson at the PEAR computer company. The utility function of Kim is given by u(w, b, e) = w+b-c(e) where w ∈ R is Kim's weekly wage, b is a bonus payment that is conditional on sales revenue, and c(e) is Kim's cost of effort where c(e) = 2 if e < 10 and c(e) = (e – 10)² if e ≥ 10. Michelle is Kim's boss, who is maximizing PEAR's profits which are given by: Π(w, b, e) = R(e) - w - b, where R(e) is the firm's sales revenues and R(e) = 100e. Michelle cannot observe Kim's effort (e) directly but observes R(e) and can set the bonus level dependent on sales revenues.

a. If Michelle sets w=200 and b=0, what would be Kim's effort level (e) and PEAR's profits? (1 mark)

b. If Michelle sets w=0 and b=1000 conditional on reaching a sales target of R(e) = 3000, what would be Kim's effort level (e) and PEAR's profits? (1 mark)

c. If Michelle sets w=100 and a bonus payment of 20% of sales revenues (i.e. b = 0.2 x R(e)), what would be Kim's effort level (e) and PEAR's profits? (1 mark)

d. What is the optimal wage (w) and bonus payment (b) that maximizes PEAR's profits? (1 mark)

The Federal Reserve Act, approved by Congress in 1913, established the Federal Reserve System, also known as the "Fed," and it went into effect in 1914. The correct answer is a. the fed is controlled by the u.s. government.

It resembles all central banks exactly. The Federal Reserve is a branch of the American government. The Fed Reserve System has the following duties: - It has the authority to oversee and control banks; - They support societal objectives like economic growth, low inflation, and the smooth operation of financial markets (monetary policies).

The "lender of last resort" is the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve Act, enacted by Congress in 1913, established the Federal Reserve System (the "Fed"). In 1914, the Fed started operating. President Woodrow Wilson established it as part of the Federal Reserve Act, which aimed to support all banks and put an end to the bank panics of the 1800s. Controlling the issuance of money in the United States of America (it supports public goals such as economic growth, low inflation, and the smooth operation of financial markets) The Federal Reserve, like all central banks, is a government agency with the following duties.

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The corporate officer who has custody of the company's funds and is responsible for planning and controlling the company's cash position is known as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO).

The CFO is a high-level executive who oversees the financial operations of the company, including financial planning, budgeting, accounting, and reporting. They also manage the company's investments, debt, and other financial resources to ensure the company has enough cash to operate and grow.

The CFO works closely with other senior executives, such as the CEO and COO, to make strategic financial decisions that impact the company's future. They must have a strong understanding of financial markets, accounting principles, and business operations to effectively manage the company's financial position. The CFO is also responsible for ensuring the company complies with all financial regulations and reporting requirements.

In summary, the CFO is the corporate officer who has custody of the company's funds and is responsible for planning and controlling the company's cash position. They play a critical role in ensuring the financial health and success of the company.

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Terms of trade that are beneficial to both parties are those terms, or prices, that are below the two parties' opportunity cost.

The opportunity cost is the cost of the next best alternative that is given up in order to pursue a certain action. When two countries engage in trade, they do so because each country has a comparative advantage in producing a certain good.

Comparative advantage means that a country can produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another country. By trading with each other, they can both benefit from consuming a greater quantity and variety of goods than they would be able to produce domestically.

In order for both parties to benefit from the trade, the terms of trade must be such that the price paid for the imported good is lower than the opportunity cost of producing that good domestically. This allows both parties to consume more of both goods than they would have been able to do otherwise.

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The stock should be selling for $3.85 per share.

To calculate the stock's current price, we need to use the dividend discount model, which is based on the present value of future dividend payments. The formula for the present value of a growing perpetuity is:

PV = D / (r - g)

Where PV is the present value of the perpetuity, D is the current dividend per share, r is the required rate of return, and g is the expected growth rate of the dividend.

In this case, the current dividend is $0.50 per share, and the expected growth rate is 2%. The required rate of return is 15%. Using these values, we can calculate the stock's price as:

PV = $0.50 / (0.15 - 0.02) = $3.85

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the bank's franc rate of return is -71.60%.

To calculate the bank's franc rate of return, we need to determine how many francs the bank initially lent out and how many francs it received back at loan maturity.

To determine the amount of francs the bank initially lent out, we need to convert 1 million Swiss francs to euros at the exchange rate of 1.85 francs per euro:

1,000,000 CHF ÷ 1.85 CHF/EUR = 540,540.54 EUR

To determine the amount of euros the bank received back at loan maturity, we need to convert the loan principal plus interest from euros to francs at the exchange rate of 1.98 francs per euro:

(540,540.54 EUR x 1.0375) ÷ 1.98 CHF/EUR = 283,972.98 CHF

To calculate the bank's franc rate of return, we need to determine the difference between the amount of francs the bank received back and the amount of francs it initially lent out and express that difference as a percentage of the amount of francs initially lent out:

(francs received back - francs lent out) ÷ francs lent out x 100%

= (283,972.98 CHF - 1,000,000 CHF) ÷ 1,000,000 CHF x 100%

= -71.60%

Therefore, the bank's franc rate of return is -71.60%. This means that the bank lost 71.60% of the amount of francs it initially lent out when the loan was repaid.

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a) The main answer for Bond C's Macaulay duration is 2.5 years, and its modified duration is 2.45 years.

The Macaulay duration for Bond C can be calculated using the formula:

Macaulay duration = (C1 x t1 + C2 x t2 + C3 x t3 + … + Cn x tn) / P

where C is the cash flow, t is the time until the cash flow, and P is the bond price. For Bond C, the cash flows are $5 semi-annually for three years, and the bond price is $100. The calculation gives us a Macaulay duration of 2.5 years.

The modified duration for Bond C can be calculated using the formula:

Modified duration = Macaulay duration / (1 + (YTM / m))

where YTM is the yield to maturity, and m is the number of coupon payments per year. For Bond C, YTM is 10%, and m is 2 (since it pays semi-annually). Plugging in the values, we get a modified duration of 2.45 years.

Interpretation: Bond C has a Macaulay duration of 2.5 years, meaning that it will take 2.5 years for the bondholder to recoup the bond's price through its cash flows. The modified duration of 2.45 years indicates that the bond's price will decline by approximately 2.45% for every 1% increase in yield.

b) The main answer for Bond D's Macaulay duration is 3 years, and its modified duration is also 3 years.

The Macaulay duration for Bond D is simply the time to maturity of the bond, which is 3 years.

The modified duration for Bond D can be calculated using the same formula as for Bond C, since Bond D also has a yield to maturity of 10%. Plugging in the values, we get a modified duration of 3 years.

Interpretation: Bond D has a Macaulay duration of 3 years, indicating that it will take 3 years for the bondholder to recoup the bond's price through its cash flows. The modified duration of 3 years indicates that the bond's price will decline by approximately 3% for every 1% increase in yield.

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An organization that has identified an opportunity for long-term outsourcing can expect D) "all of the above" including better communication, lowered administrative costs, and improved utilization of resources.

Long-term outsourcing can lead to several benefits for an organization. Improved communication can be achieved by outsourcing tasks to specialized service providers, who are often more experienced and efficient in handling specific tasks.

This can lead to better coordination between the organization and the outsourcing partner, resulting in improved communication.Outsourcing can also lead to lowered administrative costs, as outsourcing service providers can handle tasks such as HR, payroll, and accounting, freeing up the organization's resources for other strategic initiatives.

Improved utilization of resources is another advantage of outsourcing, as it enables organizations to focus on their core competencies while outsourcing non-core activities to specialized service providers.

Overall, long-term outsourcing can result in significant benefits for organizations, including better communication, lowered administrative costs, and improved utilization of resources. So, correct option is d.

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