If you add a node to an empty singly-linked list, the state of the list will change in the following way:
The node you add becomes the head of the list and the tail of the list simultaneously.The next pointer of the node is null because there is no other node after it in the list.The size of the list is now one.Detailed explanation of the changes that occur in a singly-linked list when a node is added to an empty list:
Head and Tail Pointers: When you add the first node to an empty singly-linked list, the node becomes both the head and tail of the list. This is because the list has only one node, and that node is the beginning and the end of the list. Therefore, the head and tail pointers of the list are updated to point to the newly added node.Next Pointer: Since the added node is the only node in the list, its "next" pointer is set to null. This indicates that there are no more nodes in the list after this node.Size: After adding the first node to an empty singly-linked list, the size of the list is one, as there is only one element in the list.To summarize, adding a node to an empty singly-linked list results in the creation of a new node that becomes both the head and the tail of the list, with a "next" pointer set to null, and the size of the list becomes one.
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what are the goals of an os?what is a bootstrap program?what is an interrupt, how are they caused, and how are they handled? g
The goals of an Operating System (OS) are to manage the computer's hardware and software resources, provide a user interface to the user, and ensure that all programs and users have a safe and secure environment to work in. A bootstrap program is a program that initializes a computer when it is first turned on. It is responsible for loading the OS and then passing control to it. An interrupt is an event that requires immediate attention from the operating system.
It can be caused by a hardware device, such as a keyboard or mouse, or by a software program, such as an error. When an interrupt is detected, the computer handles it by stopping the current program and switching to a special routine to handle the interrupt. The exact method of handling the interrupt depends on the type of interrupt and the Operating System being used.
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Which of the following audio formats does not use any compression technique? A) MP4 B) MP3 C) WAV D) WMA.
The audio format that does not use any compression technique is C) WAV.
WAV (Waveform Audio File Format) is a standard audio format used for storing uncompressed audio data on a Windows PC. Unlike MP3, MP4, and WMA, WAV does not use any compression techniques to reduce the file size, which means that WAV files are typically much larger than compressed audio formats. WAV files are commonly used in professional audio production, and are known for their high quality and fidelity. While WAV files offer the benefit of uncompressed audio, they can be impractical for online distribution or mobile devices due to their large file size.
Thus, option C is the correct answer.
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in an enterprise-level relational database, where might you save a query if you anticipate running it often?
If you anticipate running a query often in an enterprise-level relational database, you might save it as a B. stored procedure.
A stored procedure is a precompiled and stored database object that encapsulates a specific set of operations or queries. By creating a stored procedure, you can execute complex queries or a series of queries with a single command, which can save time and resources. Stored procedures can be executed from various programming languages or applications, and they can be used to improve security by limiting access to sensitive data or operations.
Indexes, navigation forms, and system catalogs are not used to save queries in the same way as stored procedures. Indexes are used to speed up data retrieval by creating a separate structure that allows faster searching of data. Navigation forms are used to provide a user-friendly interface for accessing data. System catalogs are used to store metadata about database objects, such as tables, indexes, and stored procedures.
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Your question is incomplete, but probably the complete question is :
In an enterprise-level relational database, where might you save a query if you anticipate running it often?
a. index
b. stored procedure
c. navigation form
d. system catalog
you need to prepare a new replacement hard drive for storage. what is the first step needed to get it ready? a. format the drive. b. install an os. c. install a file systemd. create a partition
An entirely new replacement hard disc has to be ready for storage. the initial step required to prepare it for partition creation.
What Functions a Hard Disk Has?Your digital stuff is stored on a hard drive, which is a piece of hardware. Digital content on a hard disc includes your programmes, operating system, documents, photos, music, movies, photographs, songs, and other media. Hard drives can be internal or external.A platter that has sections to store data makes up a hard disc drive (HDD). This information includes your operating system, programmes, and any files you've made. In order to read or write the needed information, an accuator arm also moves across the platter. As the accuator arm passes over the platter, it spins to speed up the process.Therefore,
There must be at least one partition before the hard drive may be used for file storage. After partitioning it, you can format the drive to install a file system.
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what are two protocols that are used by aaa to authenticate users against a central database of usernames and password? (choose two.)
The two protocols used by aaa to authenticate users against a central database of usernames and passwords, are TACACS+ or RADIUS. The correct answer B and E.
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) is a widely used protocol for managing user authentication, authorization, and accounting. It was originally developed for dial-up connections but is now used for other types of network connections as well.
TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) is a protocol developed by Cisco that provides similar functionality to RADIUS, but with some additional features. TACACS+ separates the authentication, authorization, and accounting functions, allowing for more granular control over each.
Complete question:
What are two protocols that are used by aaa to authenticate users against a central database of usernames and password? (choose two.)
A) NTP
B) TACACS+
C) SSH
D) HTTPS
E)RADIUS
F)CHAP
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Under which of the following circumstances might you be most likely yo contact a professional to repair your computer or mobile device?a. screen is brokenb. computer cannot synchronize with bluetooth accessoriesc. computer or device is too hotd. printer will not print
The circumstance where you would be most likely to contact a professional to repair your computer or mobile device is when your A: screen is broken.
If the screen of a computer or mobile device is broken, it is a hardware issue that requires specialized repair. Attempting to fix it without proper training and tools can cause further damage. Therefore, contacting a professional repair service is the best course of action.
In the case of other issues like synchronization, heating, or printing, there are often troubleshooting steps that a user can take before considering professional repair. However, a broken screen is a physical issue that needs to be addressed by someone with the right expertise and resources.
Thus correct answer is: A. Screen is broken.
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the sense of solidarity or team spirit that an individual feels toward their group is called a. expressive leadership. b. group cohesion. c. instrumental leadership. d. anomie.
The sense of solidarity or team spirit that an individual feels toward their group is called b. Group Cohesion
Group Cohesion is an important factor in the success of any team. It is the connection between team members that is formed by mutual respect, trust, commitment, and accountability. It can be thought of as a sense of “oneness” that binds the group together and drives them to achieve their goals. Group Cohesion is also an important factor in group productivity and efficiency, as it leads to increased collaboration and communication among members.
Group Cohesion is created through activities that encourage members to bond with each other and build trusts, such as team-building exercises, problem-solving activities, and team games. These activities help to create a positive team environment where members feel comfortable and supported, which in turn increases morale and performance.
In conclusion, Group Cohesion is the sense of solidarity or team spirit that an individual feels toward their group. It is an important factor in the success of any team and is created through activities that encourage members to bond with each other and build trust.
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as you encounter the titles of books, magazines, and internet documents you may use as sources for your research, you should
As you encounter the titles of books, magazines, and internet documents you may use as sources for your research, you should take note of the following information: author, title, date of publication, publisher, and the website URL, if applicable. This information should be recorded and kept for future reference, either in a physical notebook or in an online document.
It is also important to assess the validity of the source. Ask yourself questions such as: Is this source written by an expert or is it an opinion? Is it current? Is it well-researched? Is it unbiased? Consider the author's credentials, the source of the information, and the potential bias.
Finally, make sure that the source is relevant and appropriate for your research. Ask yourself: Does this source relate to my topic? Does it provide enough information to be useful?
Overall, taking note of source information and assessing the validity and relevance of the source are important steps in the research process. This will help to ensure that your research is reliable and accurate.
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Which of the following would be described as a good business goal to set for your social media campaigns?
A. Increase staff morale
B. Increase audience engagement
C. Increase customer satisfaction
A suitable business objective to define for your social media initiatives is: Boost consumer satisfaction.
Why does customer satisfaction matter?Customer satisfaction (CSAT) is a metric used to assess how effectively a company's goods and services, as well as overall customer experience, fulfill consumer expectations. It displays the health of your company by demonstrating how well your goods or services are valued by customers. Consistency, consistency, and consistency are the three Cs of customer happiness. Although it may not appear alluring, consistency is the key to retaining customers. It takes top-level leadership focus and is challenging to get right. Always put the satisfaction of your current clients first. Customer satisfaction is crucial since it greatly enhances the likelihood that a customer will come back and do more business. If you aren't committed to satisfying your core audience, winning over new customers won't be simple.To learn more about customer satisfaction, refer to:
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A license filter in a search engine helps you find images online that you can legally copy for personal or commercial use without paying a fee.a. Trueb. False
The given statement "A license filter in a search engine helps you find images online that you can legally copy for personal or commercial use without paying a fee." is true because a license filter in a search engine allows users to search for images that have been licensed for specific types of use, such as personal or commercial use.
This helps users to find images that they can legally copy and use without infringing on the original creator's copyright. By filtering search results based on licensing information, users can avoid accidentally using images that are protected by copyright, and reduce their risk of facing legal action for copyright infringement. License filters are an important tool for anyone who regularly uses images in their work or personal projects and wants to ensure that they are using them legally.
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suppose the last column of ab is all zeros, but b itself has no column of zeros. what can you say about the columns of a?
Since the last column of AB is all zeros, the sum of A1 × b1 + A2 × b2 + ... + An × bn must equal zero. This implies that the columns of A are linearly dependent.
The columns of matrix A must be linearly dependent since matrix B has no column of zeros. This means that the columns of matrix A can be written as a linear combination of other columns. In other words, the columns of A are not linearly independent.
To demonstrate this, suppose the columns of matrix A are A1, A2, ... , An. Since matrix B has no column of zeros, we can represent the columns of matrix B as b1, b2, ... , bn. Therefore, the last column of matrix AB (abn) is the sum of the columns of A and B multiplied by each other, i.e., abn = A1 ×b1 + A2 ×b2 + ... + An × bn.
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1000 POINTS PLEASE NOW
What is the value of tiger after these Java statements execute?
String phrase = "Hello world!";
int tiger = phrase.length( );
Answer:
See below, please.
Explanation:
The value of tiger will be 12, which is the length of the string "Hello world!" stored in the variable 'phrase'.
The length() method in Java returns the number of characters in a string. Here, it is applied to the string "Hello world!" stored in the variable 'phrase', and the resulting value (which is 12) is assigned to the variable 'tiger'.
5. why should a mutator method validate the input before changing the data values stored in an object?
A mutator method should validate the input before changing the data values stored in an object because this ensures the integrity of the data. Input validation ensures that the data is in the correct format and meets the necessary requirements before it is processed.
By validating input, we can protect the object from receiving erroneous data, which can lead to unexpected or undesirable results. Furthermore, it prevents malicious users from taking advantage of any vulnerabilities in the object. For example, if a mutator method does not validate the input, a user may be able to change the object's data values to a malicious value.
Therefore, validating input before changing the data values stored in an object is essential for protecting the object from malicious users and ensuring the integrity of the data.
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which of the following suggestions should you follow for proofreading a complex document? a. read the message only once. b. increase your reading speed. c. proofread the message immediately after it has been fully written.
The suggestion you should follow for proofreading a complex document is to proofread the message immediately after it has been fully written. The correct answer C.
Proofreading a complex document can be a time-consuming and challenging task. It is important to follow certain guidelines to ensure that the document is error-free and conveys the intended message clearly.
Proofreading the message immediately after it has been fully written allows you to review the content while it is still fresh in your mind. This can help you catch errors and inconsistencies that you might otherwise overlook. Waiting too long to proofread the document can make it more difficult to catch errors and may result in the need for multiple rounds of proofreading. The correct answer C.
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virtualization is a fairly new technology that dates back to the late 90's. question 4 options: true false
The statement given, Virtualization is not a new technology that dates back to the late 90's, but rather a technology that has been around for several decades, is false.
Virtualization is the creation of a virtual version of something, such as an operating system, a server, or a network. This technology enables multiple virtual systems to run on a single physical machine, which can result in more efficient use of resources and cost savings.
Virtualization can be traced back to the 1960s, when IBM introduced virtualization capabilities in its mainframe computers. In the 1990s, companies such as VMware and Microsoft began to develop virtualization technologies for x86-based systems, which expanded the use of virtualization beyond mainframes.
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A data model is usually graphical.a. Trueb. False
The statement "A data model is usually graphical." is True.
What is a data model?A data model is a type of blueprint or a plan for building a computer system, software, or business process. It is made up of various elements that are required for data processing, storage, and exchange.
A graphical data model is a visual representation of the data model. A graphical data model is a picture of a data model that depicts the data model's main elements and their relationships. It is beneficial for database designers to use a graphical data model to develop an organized and easy-to-read structure. Graphical models can be understood more easily than models created using other data modeling techniques, such as the entity-relationship model.
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in an aon network, a sequence of connected, dependent activities is termed a(n) group of answer choices path. sequence of events. parallel path. activity chain. dependent chain.
In an AON (Activity on Node) network, a sequence of connected, dependent activities is termed a path.
In an AON network, a sequence of connected activities refers to a series of related tasks that must be completed in a particular order, where the completion of one task is a prerequisite for the start of the next. For example, in a construction project, pouring the foundation may need to be completed before framing the walls.
The sequence of these activities will define the path or paths through the network. Each subscriber has their own fiber-optic connection that is terminated on an optical concentrator in an AON point-to-point network configuration.
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what technology allows wireless devices to connect to other devices within a distance of a person's arm?
The technology that allows wireless devices to connect to other devices within a distance is Bluetooth.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows two devices to communicate with each other without the use of cables or wires. Bluetooth technology has become popular for short-range wireless data exchange between devices, such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and wireless headphones.
It's a common technology that allows for easy and quick communication between devices. Bluetooth technology enables short-range wireless communication within a few meters of each other.
The main benefit of Bluetooth is that it eliminates the need for cables and wires, making it simple and easy to connect devices. Bluetooth is widely used in everyday life, from transferring files between smartphones to playing music on wireless speakers.
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all of the following have multitouch capabilities except: select one: a. unix b. some android devices c. windows 10 d. windows 8 e. ios
Note that all the operating system listed have multitouch capabilities.
What is a Multitouch capability?Multitouch capability refers to the ability of a computer or device to recognize and respond to the input of multiple touch points simultaneously. This allows users to interact with the device in a more intuitive and natural way, using gestures such as pinch-to-zoom, swipe, and rotate.
Multitouch technology is commonly found on smartphones, tablets, and touchscreen laptops, but can also be integrated into larger displays and interactive kiosks. It has become an increasingly important feature in modern computing, as it enables a more efficient and immersive user experience.
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additionally, for the sram 3-port ale1 configuration, is it possible to have external, physical access to any address lines above a15? why or why not?
For the SRAM 3-port ALE1 configuration, it is not possible to have external, physical access to any address lines above A15. This is because all the address lines of a microprocessor are used in programming the different registers, and these registers are inaccessible from outside the microprocessor.
SRAM stands for Static Random-Access Memory. It is a form of memory that can hold data indefinitely as long as there is power. It is a faster type of memory compared to Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM). However, it is more expensive and has a lower capacity compared to DRAM. SRAM is used for processor caches, digital signal processors, and in other high-speed applications.
ALE stands for Address Latch Enable. It is a signal that is used in microprocessors to latch the address lines onto the address bus. The address bus is a set of wires that are used to carry the address of the memory location to be accessed. The ALE signal is used to ensure that the address lines are latched at the correct time.
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consider an http client that wants to retrieve a web document at a given url. the ip address of the http server is initially unknown. what transport and application-layer protocols besides http are needed in this scenario?
In order to retrieve a web document from a given URL, the client needs to employ both transport-layer and application-layer protocols besides HTTP. The transport-layer protocol required is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
This protocol establishes a connection between the client and server and enables the client to find the server's IP address. Once the client has the server's IP address, the client can use Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to request the web document from the server. The HTTP protocol provides the means for the server to respond to the request and for the client to receive the web document. Other application-layer protocols that may be employed are Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (S-HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Secure Socket Layer (SSL). S-HTTP is used for secure web transactions, FTP for downloading files from a server, and SSL for secure web communications. In conclusion, the client needs TCP to establish a connection and the server's IP address, and HTTP, S-HTTP, FTP, and SSL to request and receive the web document.
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what is output? public class student { private double mygpa; private int mycredits; public void increasecredits(int amount) { mycredits
The output of the public class Student is the value stored in the private variables mygpa and my credits. The public void increase credits (int amount) method will increase the value of my credits by the amount specified.
This increase is permanent and is not reversed until the program is terminated. The code shows a simple example of data abstraction, which is a technique used in software engineering to hide certain parts of a program from users. By declaring the variables as private, the user is not able to directly access them and can only change their values through the public void increase credits (int amount) method.
Data abstraction allows for the separation of code logic from the user interface and can be used to protect data from malicious or accidental modification, making programs more secure.
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to avoid confusion, each component in the wbs needs to have a unique name and a unique number. group of answer choices false true
The statement "to avoid confusion, each component in the WBS needs to have a unique name and a unique number" is TRUE.
WBS stands for Work Breakdown Structure. It is a useful project management tool that helps to break down the project's work into smaller, more manageable components, making it easier to manage, monitor, and control. In WBS, each component must have a unique name and number to avoid confusion. Because it specifies the project's complete scope, a WBS aids in defining project objectives and establishing the project's critical path. A WBS also facilitates the project manager's communication with the project team and stakeholders, ensuring that everyone is aware of the project's progress.
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Design a program that calculates and displays the number of miles per hour over
the speed limit that a speeding driver was doing. The program should ask for the
speed limit and the driver’s speed. Validate the input as follows:
● The speed limit should be at least 20, but not greater than 70.
● The driver’s speed should be at least the value entered for the speed limit
(otherwise the driver was not speeding).
Once correct data has been entered, the program should calculate and display the
number of miles per hour over the speed limit that the driver was doing
In bash shell script code, please.
Python's input() function can be verified using try-except blocks enclosed in a while loop for both the posted speed limit and the vehicle's speed.
What is Python's input?To collect user input, the input() method in Python is utilised. It reads a line and asks for input from the user. It reads input, converts it to a string, and then returns the string. If EOF is read, it raises the EOFError exception.Using an input device like a keyboard, the input() function reads a line entered on a console or screen and turns it into a string. Understanding what is input in Python is crucial for a novice developer.Therefore,
Python's input() function can be verified using try-except blocks enclosed in a while loop for both the posted speed limit and the vehicle's speed. The while loops allow the software to "ask" the user for the correct input multiple times, such as in the first inquiry about the speed limit to ensure that it falls between 20 and 70.
while True:
try:
spd_limit = int(input("What is the speed limit? "))
except ValueError:
print("Please enter valid integer number.")
continue
else:
if spd_limit >= 20 and spd_limit <= 70:
break
else:
print("Please enter speed limit between 20 and 70.")
continue
While True:
try:
driver_spd = int(input("What is the driver's speed? "))
except ValueError:
print("Please enter valid integer number.")
continue
else:
if driver_spd < spd_limit:
print("Driver was below the speed limit.")
continue
else:
over_limit = driver_spd - spd_limit
print(over_limit)
break
The over limit variable must be returned for this to work as a function even if it is meant to execute as a script.
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select the following statement that is incorrect about primary keys: when adding a record to a table, you must insert the record in primary key order. the primary key field is used to uniquely identify a record in a table. records in a table will be displayed in order by primary key, regardless of the order in which you entered them. a primary key prevents duplicate values from being entered in the key field.
The incorrect statement about primary keys is: when adding a record to a table, you must insert the record in primary key order.
What is a Primary Key?A primary key is a unique identifier for a record in a database table. It's a field in a table that distinguishes one record from another. It's made up of one or more fields or columns that are used to keep the table's records unique.
A Primary Key has the following characteristics:
It must have a distinct value that is not shared by any other record in the database.The value of the key field should never be null, i.e. it should always have a value.The main key value should be consistent, that is, it should never change.The values of primary keys are utilized to link with foreign keys in another database, resulting in a one-to-many relationship between the two tables.You do not have to put a record into a table in primary key order. Based on the main key value, the database system will sort it in the right order.Therefore, the correct option is: when adding a record to a table, you don't have to insert it in primary key order.
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an ipv4 address is presented in the dotted quad format consisting of four decimal values separated by dots. what is the highest decimal value assignable to one of the quads?
The highest decimal value assignable to one of the quads in an IPv4 address is 255.
Each of the four numbers in an IPv4 address (also known as a "dotted quad") represents a single octet or 8 bits of data. Since 8 bits has a maximum value of 255, the highest decimal value assignable to one of the quads is 255.
An IPv4 address is written in the format xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, where each xxx represents an octet. The range of valid values for each octet is 0-255. For example, a valid IPv4 address could be 172.16.254.1. Here, 172 is the first octet, 16 is the second octet, 254 is the third octet, and 1 is the fourth octet.
Therefore, the highest decimal value assignable to one of the quads in an IPv4 address is 255.
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prepare the algorithm to calculate perimeter of rectangular object of length and breath are given and write it QBAIC program
Answer:
Here's the algorithm to calculate the perimeter of a rectangular object:
Read the length and breadth of the rectangle from the user.
Calculate the perimeter of the rectangle using the formula: perimeter = 2 * (length + breadth).
Display the calculated perimeter on the screen.
Here's the QBasic program based on this algorithm
' QBasic program to calculate perimeter of a rectangle
CLS ' clear screen
' Read the length and breadth of the rectangle
INPUT "Enter length of rectangle: ", length
INPUT "Enter breadth of rectangle: ", breadth
' Calculate the perimeter of the rectangle
perimeter = 2 * (length + breadth)
' Display the perimeter of the rectangle
PRINT "The perimeter of the rectangle is "; perimeter
END ' end program
In this program, we first clear the screen using the CLS command. Then, we use the INPUT statement to read the length and breadth of the rectangle from the user. We calculate the perimeter using the formula perimeter = 2 * (length + breadth) and store the result in the variable perimeter. Finally, we display the calculated perimeter using the PRINT statement. The program ends with the END statement.
Explanation:
what type of network theory states that no matter how many nodes there may be in a network, a small percentage of randomly placed links is always enough to tie the network together into a more or less completely connected whole?
The type of network theory that states that a small percentage of randomly placed links is always enough to tie a network together into a more or less completely connected whole is called the "small-world" network theory.
The small-world network theory was first proposed by sociologist Stanley Milgram in the 1960s, who conducted the famous "six degrees of separation" experiment. In this experiment, Milgram asked participants to send a message to a target person by passing it through their social network, using only personal acquaintances to forward the message.
The experiment found that on average, it took only six degrees of separation, or six intermediary links, for the message to reach the target person.
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I SERIOUSLY NEED HELP ON THIS WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST TO WHOEVER ANSWERS THIS RIGHT
Fill in the blanks to complete the “rows_asterisks” function. This function should print rows of asterisks (*), where the number of rows is equal to the “rows” variable. The number of asterisks per row should correspond to the row number (row 1 should have 1 asterisk, row 2 should have 2 asterisks, etc.). Complete the code so that “row_asterisks(5)” will print:
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
def rows_asterisks(rows):
# Complete the outer loop range to control the number of rows
for x in range(___):
# Complete the inner loop range to control the number of
# asterisks per row
for y in range(___):
# Prints one asterisk and one space
print("*", end=" ")
# An empty print() function inserts a line break at the
# end of the row
print()
rows_asterisks(5)
# Should print the asterisk rows shown above
The function should use a nested loop to print rows of asterisks, with the outer loop controlling the number of rows and the inner loop controlling the number of asterisks per row. The number of asterisks per row should correspond to the row number.
The given code demonstrates the implementation of a function named "rows_asterisks", which takes an integer variable "rows" as an argument. The purpose of this function is to print rows of asterisks, where the number of rows is equal to the "rows" variable, and the number of asterisks per row should correspond to the row number.
The function contains two for-loops, one for controlling the number of rows, and the other for controlling the number of asterisks per row. The first for-loop uses the range function to create a sequence of numbers from 0 to rows-1. This sequence is used to control the number of rows. The second for-loop uses the range function to create a sequence of numbers from 0 to x. This sequence is used to control the number of asterisks per row.
Within the second for-loop, the print function is used to print an asterisk and a space, with the "end" argument set to " ". This causes each asterisk to be printed on the same line, separated by a space. After the inner loop completes, an empty print function is used to insert a line break at the end of the row, before moving on to the next row.
When the function is called with an argument of 5, it should print the asterisk rows shown in the prompt.
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what is the name of the unused space that is created between the end of a file and the end of the last data cluster assigned to the file?
The unused space that is created between the end of a file and the end of the last data cluster assigned to the file is known as slack space.
Slack space is created when a file is larger than the cluster size allocated to it by the file system. A cluster is the smallest unit of disk space that can be allocated to a file, and if a file is larger than the cluster size, then extra clusters are needed to store it. This can leave some unused space at the end of the last cluster. The slack space is generally not used for storing data, but it can be used for other purposes such as storing directory information.
you can learn more about slack space at: brainly.com/question/29804476
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