According to the research, the correct answer is counterconditioning. In counterconditioning, the relationship between a conditioned stimulus and its conditioned response is changed.
What is counterconditioning?It is the variety of classical conditioning in which a stimulus already endowed with a motivational significance and evocative of a contradictory response is used as a signaling or conditioned stimulus.
In this sense, the response to the reinforcing stimulus, as a result of which the first becomes the stimulus conditioning the second and changes its effective sense and response accordingly.
Therefore, we can conclude that in Counterconditioning two stimuli can be associated even though they elicit opposite motivational responses.
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what does it mean for two codons to be synonymous?group of answer choicesthey share two of the same nucleotides in their codon sequence.they encode the same amino acid.they share one of the same nucleotides in their codon sequence.they occur in equal abundance in an mrna sequence.they are adjacent on the mrna.
Synonymous codons are different codons that encode the same amino acid.It has been demonstrated for all creatures that the distribution of these codons in a genome is not random, despite the fact that synonymous codons encode the same amino acid.
What does it mean for two codons to be synonymous?
The ratio of the observed codon frequency to the anticipated frequency, assuming that all synonymous codons for the same amino acid are used equally, is known as relative synonymous codon usage, or RSCU. Previously, it was believed that synonymous variants, which are codon substitutions that do not modify the encoded amino acid, had no impact on the characteristics of the protein that was made. The mRNA is then dragged into the ribosome, where it is translated into an amino acid sequence utilizing the tRNAs as adaptors to add each amino acid in the proper order to the end of the expanding polypeptide chain when its codons come into contact with the ribosome's active site. The entire collection of codons is referred to as the genetic code. Each codon stands for a single amino acid (or stop signal).There are 64 different three-letter nucleotide sequences that can be created from the four nucleotides, or permutations, that make up the genetic code. Each codon gives the cell instructions on whether to begin building a protein chain, add a particular amino acid to the expanding protein chain, or stop building a protein chain altogether.For instance, the messenger RNA codon GCA indicates that alanine will be added to the protein chain. Synonyms are codons that both encode the same amino acid.The redundancy or degeneracy of the genetic codon is the term used to describe this particular characteristic of genetic code.Only twenty amino acids can be linked to the 64 potential codons in an organism. Protein sequences are altered by nonsynonymous mutations, which are commonly exposed to natural selection.The same is true for nonsense mutations that cause CDSs to contain premature stop codons (coding sequences).However, synonymous mutations are intuitively believed to be neutral in terms of evolution and functional silenceSynonymous mutations occur when the DNA sequence that codes for the amino acids in a protein sequence is altered without altering the amino acid that is encoded.These modifications typically take place in the third position of a codon because of the genetic code's redundancy (many codons represent the same amino acid).To learn more about amino acid refer
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The wobble phenomenon occurs at _______ end of the anticodon and helps explain why the _______ end of the codon shows the most redundancy.
The wobble phenomenon occurs at the 5' end of the anticodon and helps explain why the 3' end of the codon shows the most redundancy.
What is the wobble phenomenon?The wobble hypothesis is аn importаnt hypothesis thаt explаins the non-Wаtson Crick bаse pаiring thаt tаkes plаce during the trаnslаtion process. Аccording to this hypothesis, the bаse аt 5′ ends of the аnticodon is not spаtiаlly confined аs the other two bаses аllow it to form hydrogen bonds with аny of severаl bаses locаted аt the 3′ ends of а codon.
Pаiring of the tRNА аnticodon with the mRNА codon proceeds from the 5' end of the codon. Once the first two positions аre pаired, exаct bаse pаiring of the third position are less criticаl. The third (5') bаse of the аnticodon cаn typicаlly pаir with either member of the purine or pyrimidine pаir in the codon аs аppropriаte: it "wobbles". In this exаmple, the double-ringed G cаn pаir with either а single-ringed U or C. This аllows mRNА to be trаnslаted with fewer thаn the 64 tRNАs thаt would be required without wobble. Some wobble positions cаn pаir with аny of the four bаses.
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If a mutation occurs so that a fungus is no longer able to produce a minus mating type, will it still be able to reproduce?.
The fungus will still be able to reproduce by asexual mode of reproduction if mutation has resulted in inability to form minus mating type.
By fragmenting, budding, or generating spores, fungi reproduce asexually. New colonies can develop from hyphae fragments. Mycelial fragmentation is the splitting of a fungal mycelium into pieces, with each piece developing into a new mycelium. Buds are created by yeast somatic cells. A mutation is a rare, unpredictably inheritable variation or alteration in the genotype of an organism's genetic makeup that is brought on by some mutants. The term "mating types" refers to the microorganisms that, in multicellular forms, are the forebears of the various sexes.
Fungi can nevertheless reproduce asexually even if their ability to generate via minus mating type is lost due to a mutation.
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Put the following in order from simplest to most complex: nucleus, butterfly, heart, circulatory system, cardiac cell, cardiac tissue
Answer: Nucleus, Cardiac Cell, Cardiac Tissue, Heart, Circulatory System, Butterfly
Explanation:
This is the order from the smallest organism to the largest.
The Nucleus of a cell contains genetic material called DNA, making it the smallest and simplest object on this list. Next is a Cardiac cell that contains the Nucleus and several other organelles. Next is Cardiac tissue, made up of millions of cardiac cells. After is a Heart, made up of cardiac tissue. Following the heart is the Circulatory system; multiple organs with different functions make up an organ system. Last is a Butterfly, a complex organism containing multiple organ systems.
explain what would happen if the researchers did not include the promoter in the dna sequences added to the caldi genome. would the acetaldehyde and alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme be produced in the caldi cells?
No, the acetaldehyde and alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes would not be produced in the caldi cells.
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid is indeed a polymer made of two polynucleotide chains which coil around one another to form a double helix and which contains the genetic material necessary for all known organisms, including many viruses, to develop, function, grow, and reproduce. Nucleic acids are one of the four main categories of macromolecules that are necessary for all known forms of life, along with proteins, lipids, and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides). Because the two DNA strands are made up of simpler monomeric units called nucleotides, they are referred to as polynucleotides.
A gene's promoter is the region of DNA where transcription first starts. In expression vectors, promoters are crucial because they control how RNA polymerase binds to DNA. RNA polymerase changes DNA into mRNA, which is then translated into the a useful protein.
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tattooinggroup of answer choicesis the coloring the skin by applying natural dyes to the epidermis.can only be removed by cutting away the tattooed skin.can be removed by repetitive washing with soap and water.inserts ink particles into the dermis.inserts ink particles into the subcutaneous region.
The coloring of the skin by applying natural dyes to the epidermis can only be removed by inserting ink particles into the subcutaneous region.
What are the three physiological variables that influence skin color?The volume of blood in dermal capillaries, carotene in the subcutaneous layer, and different diseases are three physiological elements that influence skin color. If the entire epidermis is keratinized, the visible skin would become extremely hard and inflexible.
How many layers of skin are there?The epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis are the three layers of skin.
What makes up the epidermal layer?The epidermis layer is the outermost layer of your skin (the visible layer), and it is made up of both living and dead skin cells. It is only slightly thicker than a sheet of paper. New skin cells push old skin cells to the surface as they die.
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you are given 5 substances: backing material, pzt, matching layer, gel, and skin whose impedances have been measured. unfortunately, the labels identifying each have fallen off. there are five labels, indicating impedances of 0.7 mrayls, 1.0 mrayls, 1.8 mrayls, 1.5 mrayls, 2.0 mrayls. if the backing material is 1.8 mrayls, what are the impedances of the soft tissue, matching layer, gel, and pzt. why?
The impedances of the substances are:
- PZT (2 Mrayls)
- Matching layer (1.6 Mrayls)
- Gel (1.0 Mrayls)
- Skin (0.8 Mrayls)
The active element's impedance is comparable to that of the supporting material. The materials along the way from the PZT to the skin will have decreasing impedances; the PZT will have the highest impedance, followed by the matching layer, gel, and then the skin, to maximize the efficiency of sound energy transfer between the transducer and the body.
Therefore, the impedances of the substances are: PZT (2 Mrayls), Matching layer (1.6 Mrayls), Gel (1.0 Mrayls) and Skin (0.8 Mrayls).
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Which is the graph of the linear inequality 2*-3y<12
For the graph of the linear inequality 2*-3y<12, Based on the graph, Option 3 is the one that should be chosen.
This is further explained below.
What is graph?Generally, The graph of the
Inequality 2 x-3 y<12
Solve for y,
2 x-12<3 y
[tex]y > \frac{2}{3} x-4[/tex]
Now that we have the x-intercept and the y-intercept, we can draw the graph of the equation.
The x-intercept is when y equals zero,
2/3x-4=0
2/3 x=4
x=6
the y-intercept is when x=0
2/3(0)-4=y
y=-4
Therefore, the graph must pass between points (0,-4) and (6,0).
Now, we can determine that the area of the graph is
In conclusion,
Put x=0 and y=0
2(0)-3(0)<12
0<12
This is correct. Therefore, the area is moving toward its source.
The line is not continuous since the inequality does not contain an equal sign.
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the writing says “in science, a few experiments are total failures”. what is meant by this statement
“There is no such thing as a failed experiment, because learning what doesn't work is a necessary step to learning what does.” - Jonas Salk. John Markels, Ph. D.
What are failed experiments?A failed experiment is one that was either poorly executed, poorly controlled, or simply failed due to technical reasons. If an experiment is well-controlled and carried out to the best of current knowledge, techniques, and research abilities, it is not considered a failure.Researchers claim that scientific findings are frequently not replicated. More than half of the studies fail to replicate, according to a massive effort to test the validity of 100 psychology experiments.Failure can take many forms, but the most important in science is the failure to observe an expected outcome. This is what scientists usually mean when they talk about a failed experiment.To learn more about : Scientific experiment.
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which is not a similarity between glycogen and amylopectin? which is not a similarity between glycogen and amylopectin? each has one reducing end and many nonreducing ends. each has branches of similar chain length. they each contain about 6000 glucose residues. each is highly branched.
Answer:
Amylopectin is an insoluble form of starch
Explanation:
Amylopectin is an insoluble form of starch
Pistil of the flower
Answer: The pistil of the flower is the female reproductive part.
Explanation: It just is.
Explain how stem cells differ from other kinds of cells. Give an example using plantsor animals.
Stem cells are a special kind of cells due to their ability to duplicate and differentiate in different kinds of cells.
there are different kinds of stem cells. The main diference betwen them is the kind of cells they can differentiate into.
for example, when an embrioyo is develoment, the firs cell that is form after the coito is a totipotent stem cell, because it has the ability to diferenciate in every kind of cell in the body. Afer a few weeks, in bovines it would be aroun 8 days, the cells become pluripotent, because they can generate every cell in the body, but the placent. and when we become adults this cells are know as mesechymal (multipotent), that are cells that can diferenciate in certain kind of tissue
you might be interested to know how many different types of bacteria live on the shower curtain in your bathroom. what is the most efficient method for finding out?
Regular morphological and biochemical tests are used to identify bacteria, and where necessary, additional testing like serotyping and antibiotic inhibition patterns are added.
What are bacteria?To distinguish one organism from another and to classify similar organisms according to standards of relevance to microbiologists or other scientists, bacteria are classed and identified.
The species level is the most significant level in this sort of classification.
Everybody should understand what a species' name means.
Strains and subgroups within a species can vary by the diseases they cause, their habitats in the environment, and a variety of other traits.
In the past, species were established using these criteria, which, while being very useful to clinical microbiologists and doctors, are insufficient to establish a species.
In addition to DNA relatedness, biochemical and other phenotypic criteria should be used to confirm the existence of current species and to create new species.
Countless phenotypic traits are used to classify strains in numerical or phenetic techniques to classification.
In order to group strains based on their overall genetic similarity, DNA relatedness is used.
Therefore, regular morphological and biochemical tests are used to identify bacteria, and where necessary, additional testing like serotyping and antibiotic inhibition patterns are added.
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Carrying capacity how with the growth rate of the population in area a compare with the growth rate of the population in area b? think about whether a population grows at carrying capacity
Answer: As the population gets larger and approaches the environment's carrying capacity, resources become more scarce and the growth rate slows.
Explanation:
Which stage is most associated with a cell that is unable to divide again, such as a muscle or nerve cell?.
[tex]G_{0}[/tex] phase is most associated with a cell that is unable to divide again.
Some cells enter a phase in which they neither divide nor prepare to divide after differentiation because they lost the ability to divide again.
A cellular state outside of the replicative cell cycle is referred to as the [tex]G_{0}[/tex] phase. Environmental factors like nutrient deprivation, which restricted the resources required for proliferation, caused cells to enter [tex]G_{0}[/tex]. As a result, it was regarded as a phase of rest. It is now known that [tex]G_{0}[/tex] can manifest in a variety of ways and for a variety of reasons. The majority of adult nerve cells, for instance, are fully differentiated and in the terminal [tex]G_{0}[/tex] phase, making them one of the most metabolically active cells in the body. Neurons are in this state as part of their developmental plan, not because of random or limited nutrients.
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Magma that forms subduction zones is high in which volatile substance? 20 points
Answer:
The most abundant volatile in magma is water (H 2 O), followed typically by carbon dioxide (CO 2), and then by sulphur dioxide (SO 2)
Explanation:
Have good day
How do i solve this?
Answer: i have the same questio
Explanation:
Answer: Gain solutes from the surrounding area
Explanation: This is because dialysis bags are permeable to iodine so by the random movement of atoms, iodine will flow into the bag.
In a neuron, the long process extending from the neurosoma that carries output signals to other cells is the?.
The long process extending from the neurosoma that carries output signals to other cells is the axon of a neuron.
A neuron is in charge of processing and relaying the electrical signals involved in absorbing sensory input, providing motor instructions to our muscles, and controlling movement.
Axons, which are extremely thin nerve fibers, are responsible for transporting nerve impulses or output signals from one neuron (nerve cell) to another neuron. One axon connects each neuron to other neurons, muscle cells, or glandular cells. Axons are found at the specialized location on a neuron called the axon hillock.
Therefore, the long process extending from the neurosoma of neurons is the axon.
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Explain the importance of carbon in the large, complex structures of organic compounds. In your answer, describe at least four of carbon's properties.
The ability of carbon to catenate and the fact that it has low bond energy accounts for the fact that it forms large, complex structures of organic compounds.
What are complex organic compounds?The complex organic compounds are those compounds that are composed of carbon but they do have a very large macromolecular structure. These compounds are found in the body as well as are useful in the industry. A common example of a very large macromolecule which plays a very important role in the body is the biological molecule that we call cholesterol which is largely macro molecular.
There are several reasons that enables carbon to form these kinds of large and complex organic compounds;
1) Low bond energy: The carbon to carbon bond energy is very low and this enables carbon to link to itself many times.
2) Carbon does catenate: The ability of carbon to catenate makes the carbon atom able to link to itself in such a way that gives an infinitely large chain of carbon atoms.
3) Carbon does bond easily to hydrogen: The fact that the bond energy of the carbon hydrogen bond is low also makes it possible for carbon to bond to hydrogen in these large organic molecules.
4) Carbon bonds with electronegative atoms: It is common to observe that carbon is also able to bond with highly electronegative atoms thereby forming more compounds.
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How can a balanced reciprocal translocation that does not cause the person to have an abnormal phenotype cause that person’s offspring to have an abnormal phenotype?.
Chromosomes can balance the reciprocal translocation that does not cause the person to have an abnormal phenotype cause that person’s offspring to have an abnormal phenotype.
The chromosomes are positioned in a balanced reciprocal translocation so that neither more nor less chromosome material is obtained or lost during the operation. Unless they give birth to a kid, a person who has balanced translocation is frequently unaware that they are experiencing this kind of issue. A child may inherit an unbalanced translocation if one parent has a balanced translocation if this is the case. When chromosomal material is exchanged in an imbalanced translocation, genes that should be present are either added or removed. The parent does not always have to pass on balanced translocation to the child if they have it.
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List and describe the function of 3 common proteins
Keratin is a structural protein that is found in your skin, hair and nails. Collagen is the most abundant protein in your body and is the structural protein of your bones, tendons, ligaments and skin. Elastin is several hundred times more flexible than collagen.
Explanation:
I tried
Based on your observations, which way does earth rotate—from east to west, or west to east? Explain your answer.
Based on my observations, the earth rotates from west to east about the axis of rotation. The counter-clockwise rotation of the earth is as viewed from the North Pole star Polaris.
My observations supporting the counter-clockwise rotation of the earth are:
The Sun rises in the east and sets in the west.All celestial objects including the stars and the moon rise in the east and set in the west.The rotation is the result of the strong geomagnetic field of the earth. It is also responsible for the formation of day and night on the planet.
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Which principle states that processes that occurred in the past are no
different than the processes in the present?
Answer:
uniformitarianism or the uniformitarian principle
Explanation:
In eukaryotes, the components of citric acid cycling and the electron transport chain are located in the ____.
In eukaryotes, the components of citric acid cycling and the electron transport chain are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain are the three stages of cellular respiration through which a cell produces ATP.
In the process of cellular respiration, glucose that is derived from food and oxygen is used to produce carbon dioxide and water along with the release of energy in the form of ATP.
The process of glycolysis for a cell happens in the cytoplasm of a cell. The process of citric acid cycle as well as the electron transport chain occurs in the mitochondria. Hence, the components for both these cycles will be present in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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A student conducted an original, well-designed experiment, carefully following proper scientific procedure. In order for the conclusions to become generally accepted, the experiment must
For the experiment to have an accepted conclusion it must be repeated so as to verify reliability of the data.
Any important results must be more than a one-off finding and be naturally repeatable, according to the reliability theory. It must be possible for other researchers to conduct the exact same experiment, under the identical circumstances, and produce the same outcomes. The experiment and research may have not met all testability requirements without this replication of statistically significant results. This condition must be met for a hypothesis to become a recognized scientific truth. In general, it is acceptable to anticipate that the instruments will continue to be precise and truthful.
The scientific community is more likely to accept your conclusion if you built your experiment with validity and reliability in mind.
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Your question is incomplete, for the full question please refer:
A student carried out a unique, well-planned experiment while meticulously adhering to the rules of science. The experiment has to be the following for the conclusions to be widely accepted:
contains the several experimental variablessupport original hypothesisbe repeated to verify reliability of databe conducted by any scientist.Identify and describe an impact commercialization of farms will have on another
biogeochemical cycle.
The process through which a chemical substance circulates through Earth's biotic and abiotic compartments is known as a biogeochemical cycle. The biosphere is the biotic compartment, whereas the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere are the abiotic divisions.
What are the environmental effects of farming practises?The main cause of pollution in many nations is agriculture. Pesticides, fertilisers, and other hazardous agriculture chemicals can contaminate fresh water, marine habitats, the air, and the soil. They may also persist for many generations in the environment.
In an agricultural system, carbon is cycled via the soil, plants, and animals as well as the atmosphere. The removal of carbon from the agricultural system via the harvesting of plant and animal products has an impact on the quantity of carbon in the soil.
The ozone layer in the stratosphere is affected and the temperature is warmed by the N2O emissions from agricultural operations. The use of manure and synthetic fertilisers results in the deposition of nitrogen, which has a significant influence on the atmospheric carbon cycle.
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the nervous system is involved in the external aspects of the body and relays motor information to the central nervous system. ) parasomatic b) somatic c) sympathetic d) autonomic
The nervous system involved in the external aspects of the body and relays motor information to the central nervous system is called the sympathetic nervous system.
It is well known that your sympathetic nervous system reacts to risky or stressful conditions. When this happens, your sympathetic nervous system kicks in to help you escape danger by increasing your heart rate, delivering more blood to your body's oxygen-depleted areas, and other actions.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
The SNS is made up of two groups of neurons: those whose soma is located in ganglia outside the central nervous system and those whose cell bodies are located within the spinal cord.
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in England approximately 250 years ago, the peppered moth had light-colored wing patterns that camouflaged them against the light-colored trees. Over time in urban areas, the number of peppered moths with dark-colored wings increased as pollution from the Industrial Revolution darkened the trees the moths rested on.
Answer:
Thats correct as dark places (like the darkened trees ) attract the moths..
Should be a consequence of excessive greenhouse gases?
Answer:
They cause climate change by trapping heat, and they also contribute to respiratory disease from smog and air pollution. Extreme weather, food supply disruptions, and increased wildfires are other effects of climate change caused by greenhouse gases
Explanation:
In roses assume that red or yellow flower color is controlled by a single gene with two alleles. Crossing roses with yellow flowers with each other yields only offspring that produce yellow flowers, but when you cross roses with red flowers with each other you sometimes get offspring that produce yellow flowers. If you take a rose plant that is heterozygous for the flower color gene and cross it with another rose plant with red flowers that has had yellow-flowered offspring in the past, what are the predicted fractions for the possible phenotypes of the offspring?.
The predicted fractions for the possible phenotypes of the offspring are 3/4 red and 1/4 yellow.
The genotypes of the offspring of this hybrid can be used to predict the proportions of phenotypes. Offspring with either the PP or Pp gene will have the red-flower phenotype because P is dominant to p.
The yellow-flower phenotype can only be inherited through the pp genotype. As a result, with this cross, you would anticipate that three of the four (75%) progeny will have red flowers and one of the four (25%) would have yellow flowers. Mendel obtained the same percentages in his initial experiment.
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