The two molecules that are major electron acceptors in the catabolic pathways are NAD⁺ and FAD⁺, whereas NADH and FADH₂ can be considered as electron carriers. They play a fundamental role to produce energy as ATP.
What are electron carriers?The electron carriers are specific molecules that act during cellular respiration in order produce Adenosine triphosphate from ADP and phosphate, which is the energy coin of the cell.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the electron carriers such as NADH and FADH₂ are fundamental for producing ATP, while NAD⁺ and FAD⁺ accept electrons during this process.
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What function makes the HIV virus unique?
Answer:
The function that makes HIV virus unique is option B: It attacks and destroys certain cells in the bodies of its host organism
HIV is a viral disease popularly known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
It is transmitted through exchange of blood and semen such as blood transfusion, sexual intercourse, sharing of sharp objects.
HIV attacks its host by weakening and destroying the antibodies and the entire immune system of the host
Any host organism that is affected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus will be susceptible to different kinds of ailments because certain cells responsible for fighting these diseases have been
attacked and destrovedHuman Immunodeficiency Virus will be susceptible to different kinds of ailments because certain cells responsible for fighting these diseases have been attacked and destroyed
Therefore, the function that makes the HIV virus unique is that it attacks and destroys certain cells in the bodies of its host organism
If a corn plant had Yellow kernels and a smooth seed shape, what could it's possible genotype be? Choose all that apply
Corn kernels' color and shape are coded by diallelic genes expressing complete dominance. The genotype of individuals carrying Yellow kernels and a smooth shape phenotype can be either ppSS or ppSs.
What is complete dominance?
Complete dominance refers to the inheritance pattern in which the dominant allele of a gene completely masks the expression of the recessive allele.
The presence of at least one dominant allele is enough to express the dominant trait. This becomes evident in heterozygous individuals.
In the exposed example, two traits are involved. One of them is the kernel color and the other one is the kernel shape.
Genes coding for each of the traits express complete dominance,
P codes for purple and is dominant over p that codes for yellow.S codes for smooth and is dominant over s that codes for wrinkled.If a corn plant had Yellow kernels and a smooth seed shape, it is expressing the recessive phenotype for color (pp) and the dominant phenotype for shape (SS or Ss), so the possible genotypes are,
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Complete question
In corn, purple kernels are dominant to yellow kernels, and smooth kernels are dominant to wrinkled kernels.
The following letters were selected to represent each of the possible alleles:
Color
Purple kernels: P Yellow kernels: pKernel shape
Smooth kernels: S Wrinkled kernels: sIf a corn plant had Yellow kernels and a smooth seed shape, what could it's possible genotype be? Choose all that apply.
Group of answer choices
PPSSPPSsPPssPpSSPpSsPpssppSSppSsppssYou go on a canoe trip to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA) in Northern Minnesota. Thisecosystem is cold most of the year and receives plenty of rainfall. It has many lakes that are full ofwalleye pike fish. You know that walleye like to eat minnows. In turn the minnows feed on scuds(zooplankton) which eat algae (phytoplankton). Walleye pike fish are what?A. secondary consumersB. tertiary consumersC. primary consumersD. producersE. decomposers
In this case, we are talking of food chain, so phytoplankton is a photosynthetic organism, an autotroph, therefore is a producer, now the zooplankton is the primary consumer, which makes the minnows a secondary consumer and in turn, the Walleye pike fish is a tertiary consumer. Taking this into account we can say that the correct answer is option B.
Does the signal go to the spinal cord and turn around and come back out the spinal cord or does it go up to the brain to get processed before it comes back down?
The nerves in the body send signals along their pathway to the spinal cord, then to the brain. Once the signals reach your brain, your body registers the sensation, and you are able to feel it. Sensory signals travel so fast that it seems like you get the message instantaneously.
which mutation will cause translation to stop
nonsense mutation will cause translation to stop.
What causes DNA translation to halt?Cut off Codon
In DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA), a stop codon is a trinucleotide sequence of three nucleotides that instructs the cell to stop production of proteins. The number of trinucleotide codons is 64. 3 stop codons are present, and 61 define amino acids (i.e., UAA, UAG and UGA).
A DNA change that causes a protein to cease or end its translation earlier than predicted is known as a nonsense mutation or its synonym, a stop mutation. This is a frequent type of mutation that affects both humans and other animals and results in the expression of a protein that is either truncated or ineffective.
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Cell differentiation produces cells with different gene expressions. TrueFalse
All somatic cells contain the same genes, the only difference among them is on what genes are expressed. Therefore, this statement is true.
If you took a linear piece of DNA and cut it with the restriction enzyme EcoRI and it had three restriction sites for EcoRI, how many fragments would you produce? What if you had a circular piece of DNA?
Please help! Is somewhat urgent :(
If we took a linear piece of DNA and cut it with the restriction enzyme EcoRI which had three restriction sites for EcoRI, then the resulting number of fragments that it would produce is five (5) fragments in a linear sequence and four (4) fragments in a circular piece.
What is a restriction enzyme?A restriction enzyme is a protein that has a defined catalytic activity that can be used to cut a given sequence of nucleic acids.
In this case, the EcoRI restriction enzyme can be used to cut in a specific nucleotide sequence that contains a given linear order of nucleotides in the cutting site.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the restriction enzymes are able to cut the nucleic acids in specific sequences such as the EcoRI restriction enzyme that cut at particular nucleotide regions (this enzyme cuts at AATT positions).
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What are some of the other process performed by organelles inside the cell to maintain a stable environment.
Answer: Harvesting energy, making proteins, and getting rid of waste!
what element is this
What are gray matter and white matter, and where are they found?
The gray matter is located in the brain. It is found in the outermost layer of the brain. It is surrounding the cerebrum and is called as cortex of the brain. The white matter is located in the further tissues of the brain or the subcortical. It is found underneath the gray matter. These are all located in the cerebral cortex.
The gray matter facilitates the control movement, memory, and emotions of an individual. The white matter is for learning and brain functions.
Answer:
Gray matter is home to neural cells, axon terminals, dendrites and nerve synapses. It is commonly found in the cerebellum, cerebrum, and brain stem. It gets its name due to its gray color.
White matter is located in the deeper tissues of the brain, and contains nerve fibres, and extensions of nerve cells. A substance called myelin gives white matter its white color.
DNA consists of nucleotides: each identified by the _________ it contains.A. phosphoric acidB. ribosomeC. baseD. carbon backbone
Nucleotides are composed of a sugar molecule (ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA), a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base (which can be Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine in the case of a DNA). Of those three parts, the only one that changes (and therefore identifies the nucleotide) is the nitrogen containing-base. Therefore, the correct answer is C. base.
answer part seven and eight can help me move onto the next problem
To complete both parts of the questions we can say that: meiosis is the type of cell division used to form the gamete cells, the process of meiosis produces four haploid cells that contain a single copy of each chromosome, being four cells with 23 chromosomes (structure carrying genetic information found inside the nucleus of a cell) each in the case of humans. About the second part of the question that is talking about mutations, the only statement that is not true is that all the mutations are harmful.
I need help with this practice problem solving My questions for you today are located at the topPlus define Kudzu
Solution:
The correct answer is:
Definition and General Description: Kudzu or -Pueraria montana lobata variety- is a group of perennial vines and climbers. a relative of the pea and native to Japan. the kudzu is listed as one of the hundred most harmful invasive species in the world,
Origin: East Asia, Southeast Asia, and some Pacific islands. This plant is invasive in North America.
Food: autotrophic because the Kudzu is a plant.
Important feature: Kudzu can cause environmental damage as it is an invasive plant. In fact, the environmental and ecological damage of Kudzu results from its competition with other plant species. In particular, kudzu competes with native flora for light and acts to block their access to this vital resource by growing over them and shading them with its leaves. Native plants may die as a result
In a very young planet, called a protoplanet, elements are distributed evenly
throughout. As the protoplanet ages, the elements separate, leading to the formation
of layers with different element concentrations. Some of these elements are listed,
along with their atomic masses and laboratory densities.
Select the elements that would be found in high concentrations in the center of the planet.
Aluminum
Calcium
Iron
Nickel
Silicon
Sodium
The elements that would be found in high concentrations in the center of the planet is iron and nickel.
What is an Element?This is referred to as a type of substance which can't be broken down into simpler units by the use of a chemical reaction and examples include the following: hydrogen, iron etc.
The center of the planet is referred to as its core and is known as the innermost geologic layer which consists of different types of elements such as iron and nickel.
These type of elements was discovered to be a part of the core because of the analysis of seismic wave velocities which was done by scientists and the high temperature observed also denotes that it is made up of a very strong conductor such as metals due to the high heat absorption.
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Match the parts of the lac operon in E. coli, a prokaryote, to their function in generegulation.
Here we have the lac operator of E. coli, involved in lactose metabolism, regulators turn on and off the operon depending on the levels of glucose and lactose. Repressor lac blocks transcription in lactose absence, the promoter where RNA polymerase joins to start transcription, and the operator where the repressor will join. With this in mind, we can proceed to answer the question.
Repressor: Second option (protein that binds...)
Operator: Third option (sequence of nucleotides that controls...)
Promoter: First option (sequence of nucleotide where RNA...)
This table suggests that: A. a pH of 9 is the optimal pH for all enzymatic reactions. B. enzymes have particular pH's at which they function best. C. reactions proceed at the same rate for all enzymes. D. as the pH increases, the reaction rate always increases.
The answer to this question is B. enzyme have particular pH's at which they function best, since we can see both enzymes at different pH values, have different reactions rates: considering enzyme 1, the highest reaction rate is in pH 10, and considering the enzyme 2, the highest reaction rate is in pH 9.
A three-letter sequence of mRNA that encodes for a specific amino acid is called a/an _______. A series of these links specific amino acids together to form a polypeptide.A) geneB) DNAC) encryptionD) codon
A three-letter sequence of mRMA that encodes for a specific amino acid is called a codon. A series of these links specific amino acids together to form a polypeptide.
The correct answer is option D.
Due to independent assortment, what is the possible genetic make-up of gametes produced by this organism?
Due to independent assortment, the possible genetic make-up of gametes produced by this organism is TS, tS, Ts, ts.
Independent Assortment- According to Mendel's independent assortment, the alleles of two or more distinct genes are independently selected into gametes. In other words, an allele with one gene doesn't really affect the allele for another gene that a gamete acquires.
Gametes- An individual's reproductive cells are called gametes. They are additionally known as sex cells. Male gametes are referred to as sperm, whereas female gametes are referred to as ova or egg cells. Each haploid cell that makes up a gamete has one set of chromosomes.
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Science requires evidence that comes from observations, measurements, or other forms of data, this is what type of evidence?
Group of answer choices
A. scientific
B. research
C. data
D. empirical
The first thing that baby ducks usually see after hatching is their mother. They then follow their mother everywhere: into the pond, around the farm, and eventually through the air. This type of behavior is calledQuestion 27 options:conditioningimprintingmimicryresponse
When a mother teaches their children something, the children themselves are learning something that will become natural later on in their lifespan. The mother teaches their offspring in order to allow their offspring to know what to do and how to survive.
When a mother is teaching her offspring, it is called imprinting. The mother is teaching, or printing in the children's mind on what to do.
Suppose that a plant had chloroplasts that could carry out the Calvin cycle, but these chloroplasts could not carry out the light-dependent reactions. Explain why these chloroplasts could not carry out photosynthesis to produce sugars.
Plants with chloroplasts carrying out Calvin cycle but unable to carry out light-dependent reactions could not carry out photosynthesis because to produce sugars, the light dependent reactions are essential in order to produce ATP and NADPH.
Calvin cycle is the light-independent reaction that is performed with the help of products from light dependent reactions. The Calvin cycle is accomplished in three steps: Carbon fixation, reduction and regeneration. The product of Calvin cycle is triose phosphate which is further used in glucose production.
Light dependent reactions are those that involved in the production of ATP and NADPH through a series of electron transporters. These ATP and NADPH are therefore used for synthesis of glucose.
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Describe what happens to albedo as the planet moves
back toward the sun and explain the reinforcing feedback this creates in the
climate system, exacerbating temperature and climate change.
Albedo is decreasing as the earth moves back towards the sun.
This is because the heat generated from the sun makes the ice caps melt.
Snow and ice reflect a lot of the sun’s energy back into space. The darker oceans absorb energy, which warms the water. Oceans help keep the Earth warm because they absorb a lot of heat (approximately 90%).
This warming increases water vapour, which acts as a greenhouse gas and helps to keep temperatures within ranges humans have largely taken for granted for millennia.
What is Albedo?
Albedo is a measure of the reflectivity of a surface. The albedo effect when applied to the Earth is a measure of how much of the Sun's energy is reflected back into space. Overall, the Earth's albedo has a cooling effect.
Hence, the Albedo is decreasing as the Earth moves back towards the Sun.
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Using the drop-down menus, identify the structures common to all cells.
Every cell contains the following elements: A depiction of DNA is shown by Label A.
The cell structure would be indicated by Label B.
Label C had really been applied to the ribosome.
The designation D designates the cytoplasm.
It appears that DNA and deoxyribonucleic acid make up the genetic material. The building blocks of DNA, known as nucleotides, had just traditionally consisted of something like a nitrogen base, a sugar, as well as a phosphate molecule.
The plasma membrane is yet another term for such cell membrane. According to the juxtaposition of a relatively lipid bilayer, it provides a protective barrier for the constituents of cells as well as simultaneously simplifies the process for compounds to be moved between cells.
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Which part of the plants reproductive system is if a different gender from the other three?A. StamenB. Pistil C. Stigma D. Style
The male and female reproductive parts in plants are different in terms that the female plants (pistiliate) possess a functional pistil but lack stamens, while the male plants (staminate) contains stamens, but no pistils. Therefore the complete flower structure have stigma, style, pistil, stamen and the other acessory parts of the reproductive system, while a imperfect (pistillate) flowers don't have a stamen. According to the question and the information above the correct alternative to differenciate the gender of that plant flower is A. stamen.
17. In a population of snoopets on the island of Moz, female snoopets with fuzzy heads had an average of 7.2 offspring per season, while female snoopets with bald heads had an average of 7.9 offspring per season.
What is the minimum effective population size that will allow natural selection to overcome drift for the hairy head allele?
Genetic flow is a mechanism of evolution wherein allele frequencies of a populace extrude over generations because of chance .
Genetic flow happens in all populations of non-endless size, however its outcomes are most powerful in small populations. Genetic flow can also additionally bring about the lack of a few alleles (together with useful ones) and the fixation, or upward thrust to, percent frequency, of different alleles.
Genetic flow could have main outcomes while a populace is sharply contracted via way of means of a herbal disaster (bottleneck effect) or while a small institution splits off from the principle populace to determined a colony (founder effect).
In an countless populace, we anticipate directional choice to sooner or later restoration an effective allele, however this could now no longer always manifest in a finite populace, because the outcomes of waft can triumph over the outcomes of choice if choice is susceptible and/or the populace is small.
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Which of the following statements concerning cell membranes is/are correct?
Cells membranes are a phospholipid bilayer, with the hydrophobic "tails" of the phospholipids oriented to the interior of the bilayer, and the hydrophilic "heads" to the exterior of the bilayer.
They are fluid, which means that other molecules in them, such as proteins, are not fixed in position. One of the components of the membrane in animal cells is cholesterol, which helps to give rigidity and strength to the membrane
The cell membrane is impermeable to ions and polar molecules, while hydrophobic molecules can pass by passive diffusion.
This means that only statement 2 is true (option b).
When looking at a stalk of celery that has been sitting in red food-coloredwater. Sarah notices the celery has red lines running through it. Why is thispossible?The roots absorbed the water.The stomata allowed the water in.The xylem transported the water through the stem and to the leaves of the plant.The phloem transported the water through the stem and to the leaves of the plant.
The xylem is a special tube of the plant that take up the red food coloring. The food coloring travels into the stem and into the leaves of the celery. It is increased by vaporization from the leaves of the celery. It is like blood exploring through the human body. This shows how the plants deliver the nutrients it absorb to all its parts.
Answer - Option 3 - The xylem transported the water through the stem and to the leaves of the plant.
The Gulf of Mexico dead zone that forms each summer at the mouth of the Mississippi River is caused largely by the input of agricultural fertilizers. Many scientists advocate restoring wetlands (as well as creating them) as a strategy to reduce the severity and extent of the dead zone. The idea is that plants in healthy intact wetlands will remove these nutrients from the water (during growth) and prevent their washing into the river and the Gulf of Mexico. List at least two potential benefits to this strategy, as opposed to a more traditional chemical intensive approach such as that used at most waste water treatment plants.
1. Restoring wetlands could be cheaper in the long run, once the ecosystem is restored it maintainace will not be as costly as that of water treatment plants.
2. This strategy also will be benefical for biodiversiy conservation and would bring ecosystems services to surrounding communities.
Which of the following characteristics correspond to sister chromatids?
Select all that apply.
-Replica of a single chromosome
-Formed during interphase
-Maternal and paternal pairs
-Separated during mitosis
-In humans, there are 23 pairs of these
-Numbered in a karyotype
-Attached to one another by cohesin
The characteristics formed during interphase, attached to one another by cohesin and they are replicas of a single chromosome correspond to sister chromatids (Options 1, 2 and 7).
What are sister chromatids?Sister chromatids are two identical copies of a given chromosome, which are attached by specific proteins at the centromere level. These copies are generated during the interphase (S synthesis phase) of the cell division (either mitosis or meiosis).
Therefore, with this data, we can see those sister chromatids are identical to each other and they are generated during the interphase of the cell division process.
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during its exponential growth phase, a certain bacteria can grow from 5000 cells to 12000 cells in 10 hours. at this rate, how long will it take to grow 50000 cells