The importance of the following below in a nuclear reactor are:
Control rods - Reaction maintenance.Containment structure - Protection for the environment.Moderator - slows electrons down.What is a Nuclear reactor?This is referred to as the device which is used to start up and control a fission or fusion nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions.
The control rod is responsible for the absorption of neutrons so that the nuclear chain reaction taking place within the reactor core can be slowed or stopped. The containment structure help to prevent rays from getting into the environment thereby serving as a protective factor.
The moderator helps to slow down the speed of neutrons especially in those who have a very high speed thereby making it the correct choice.
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N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) 2NH₂(g)
(iv) Name the catalyst used in this industrial process.
Answer:
I catalyst promoter is the answer
How many electron clouds does an element with 29 protons have?
Answer:
5, the last would be incomplete
Explanation:
The first, inner cloud has 2 electrons, then 8, then 8, then 8, then 3.
why there is only one sodium ion for every chlorine ion, while there are two potassium ions for every oxygen ion?
There is only one sodium ion for every chlorine ion due to its valency.
The number of electrons that an atom needs to lose or gain in order to achieve a stable electron configuration i.e the octet of an element is known as the valency of an element, which serves as a gauge of that element's potential for combining.
The valency of Sodium (Na) is 1 and that of chlorine (Cl) is also one. therefore they combine to form a stable compound. The same rule follows in the compound formed by Potassium (K) and Oxygen(O) also. The valency of oxygen is 2 which means that it should be surrounded by 2 potassium ions to provide electrons to fulfill both the elements' octets.
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express Sb in a condensed form in order of increasing orbital energy
The condensed form of Sb in order of increasing orbital energy is [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p³
Sb (Antimony) is a metalloid with atomic number 51. The electronic configuration of antimony is 1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰5s²p³
As you can see, the normal notation of electronic configuration is lengthy. Condensed or abbreviated form of the configuration would be preferred to normal lengthy electronic configuration for representation.
In condensed form, in place of completely filled subshells with configuration that is similar to noble gas is represented by the symbol of that particular inert gas / noble gas. The symbol would be represented inside square brackets.
The electronic configuration of Krypton, a noble gas is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶.
Therefore, Sb can be expressed in condensed form as [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p³. As observed, 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ in Sb is expressed as Kr followed by the remaining electronic configuration in Sb in order of increasing orbital energy.
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problems of using ionic compound and covalent compound in domestic
Answer:
Problems of Using Ionic and Covalent Compounds in Medicine
Stomach pain.
Nausea.
Vomiting.
Heartburn.
Gas.
Constipation.
Diarrhea.
phenylacetic acid (c6h5ch2cooh) builds up in the blood of phenylketonurics. when left untreated, this can lead to intellectual disability, seizures, behavioral problems, and even death. a 0.12 m solution has a ph of 2.62. what is the ka of phenylacetic acid?
The [tex]K_{a}[/tex] of phenylacetic acid is 4.76008×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex], when the pH of the solution is 2.62.
As we know,
pH = -log[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]]
[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = [tex]10^{-pH}[/tex]
[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = [tex]10^{-2.62}[/tex]
[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = 2.39×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex]
Also to find [tex]K_{a}[/tex] of phenylacetic acid we know another relation as:
[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = [tex]\sqrt{K_{a} .c}[/tex]
2.39×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex] = [tex]\sqrt{K_{a} .0.12}[/tex]
[tex]K_{a}[/tex] = 4.76008×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]
Therefore, the [tex]K_{a}[/tex] of phenylacetic acid is 4.76008×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex], when the pH of the solution is 2.62.
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It is easier to separate liquids that have boiling points within a range of 5 degrees than it is liquids that have boiling points within a range of 10 degrees true or false?.
The given statement exists as false. The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure of the gas above it exists comprehended as the boiling point of the liquid.
What is meant by boiling point?The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure around it and the liquid transforms into a vapor is known as the boiling point of a substance. A liquid's boiling point varies depending on the atmospheric pressure in the area.
The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure of the gas above it exists comprehended as the boiling point of the liquid. The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals one atmosphere is considered the liquid's typical boiling point (760 torr).
The element with the lowest temperature at which an element would smolder is helium, and the element with the highest temperature is tungsten. The melting point is measured in degrees Celsius (C).
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a 1.80 m solution of nitrous acid is prepared. find the percent ionization. a second solution is prepared in the same manner except the solution also contains 0.71 m potassium nitrite. find the percent ionization. how much did the percent ionization decrease with the addition of the common nitrite ion?
The percent ionization in the nitrous acid solution is 1.97% before, and 0.0999% after the addition of sodium nitrate, which lowered the ionization 19.7 times.
To calculate percent ionization, we need to use the expression for the acidity constant of nitrous acid:
[tex]Ka = \frac{[H^{+} ][NO_{2} ^{-} ]}{[HNO_{2} ]}[/tex]
Ka - acidity constant (for nitrous acid, 7.1 * 10⁻⁴)
[H⁺] - concentration of H⁺ ions
[NO₂⁻] - concentration of nitrite ions
[HNO₂] - concentration of unionized nitrous acid
[H⁺] = [NO₂⁻]
[HNO₂] = 1.80 M - X
[tex]7.1 * 10^{-4} = \frac{X^{2} }{1.80 - X}[/tex]
When we transform the equation above, we get a quadratic equation:
X² + 7.1 * 10⁻⁴X - 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ = 0
Once we solve for X, we get:
X = 0.0354 M
Because the concentration of H⁺ ions (X) is equal to the concentration of the ionized nitrous acid, the percent ionization will be:
%ion = 100% * X / 1.80 M
%ion = 100% * 0.0354 M / 1.80 M
%ion = 1.97%
The second calculation is actually easier because we can safely assume that, with added sodium nitrite, all nitrite ions come from the salt, and the amount coming from the acid is negligible. With that in mind, the expression for the acidity constant will look like this:
[tex]7.1 * 10^{-4} = \frac{X * 0.71 }{1.80 M - X}[/tex]
When rearranged, we get this equation:
0.71 * X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M - 7.1 * 10⁻⁴X
0.71071 X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M
X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M / 0.71071
X = 0.001798 M
%ion = 100% * 0.001798 M / 1.80 M
%ion = 0.0999%
So the addition of sodium nitrite resulted in 1.97 / 0.0999 = 19.7 times lower ionization of the nitrous acid.
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At standard temperature and pressure, a 0. 50 mol sample of h2 gas and a separate 1. 0 mol sample of o2 gas have the same.
0.50 mol of H₂ and 1.0 mol of O₂ have the same average molecular kinetic energy at standard temperature and pressure
Mass of H₂ and O₂ can be found by the formula given below;
m=n × M
mass of H₂= 0.50 × 2= 1g
mass of O₂=1.0 ×16= 16g
The formula to find average kinetic energy is as follows
K=[tex]\frac{3}{2}[/tex]K[tex]B}[/tex]T where K[tex]{B}[/tex]= Boltzmann constant
According to the conditions given above i.e standard temperature and pressure.
K∝T
So it is independent of the quantity of the sample i.e how much the amount of sample is present.
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a certain hydrocarbon is found to have the percent composition (by mass) of 92.3% c. the molecular formula contains 6 carbon atoms. how many hydrogen atoms are contained in a molecular of this compound?
The number of atoms of hydrogen contained in the molecular formula of the compound is 6 atoms
How to determine the number of atomsWe'll begin by obtaining the formula of the compound. This can be obtained as follow:
C = 92.3%H = 100 - 92.3 = 7.7%Empirical formula =?Divide by their molar mass
C = 92.3 / 12 = 7.7
H = 7.7 / 1 = 7.7
Divide by the smallest
C = 7.7 / 7.7 = 1
H = 7.7 / 7.7 = 1
Thus, the empirical formula of the compound is CH
Finally, we shall determin the number of atoms of hydrogen present in the compound. This can obtained as follow:
When 1 atom of carbon was present, 1 atom of hydrogen was also present.
Therefore,
When 6 atoms of carbon is present, then 6 atoms of hydrogen are also present.
Thus, we can conclude that the number of atoms of hydrogen is 6 atoms
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Are other metals also suitable for obtaining copper out of oxide copper?
Answer: Yes
Explanation: More reactive metals in the reactivity series can displace copper from copper oxide just leaving copper on its own after the reaction. But usually, carbon is used to displace copper as its safe and more reactive.
Facts for Globalization?
Answer:
Globalization has many benefits, such as the increased flow of goods, services, capital, and people across borders. This has resulted in increased trade and investment, which has led to higher economic growth rates and improved standards of living around the world.
Explanation:
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do eukaryotic Cells have DNA found in the nucleus. True or false
The seven diatomic elements (exist as two atoms bonded together in nature) are hydrogen (H2), Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), Fluorine (F2), Chlorine (C2), Iodine (I2) and Bromine (B2). Based on the position of the seven elements that are diatomic when pure in nature and the trends of the periodic table, which of the following characteristics would not describe them?
a) Smaller Atomic Radius
b) High Metallic Character
c) High Ionization Energy
d) High Electron Affinity
Answer:
Smaller Atomic Radius, High Ionization Affinity, and High Electron Affinity
[Note: It is Br2, not B2, the bomber]
Explanation:
a) Smaller Atomic Radius YES Each of these elements have a high number of electrons that nearly fill the lower energy orbitals, forcing the protons in the nucleus to cluster togeter more tightly.
b) High Metallic Character NO
c) High Ionization Energy YES - They want to keep their electrons, so the ionization energy is high.
d) High Electron Affinity YES They attract electons from anything that comes nearby.
in part 2 of the experiment, you will be analyzing a sample of household bleach. a 0.0854 g sample of household bleach is completely reacted with ki(s). the resulting solution is then titrated with 0.150 m nas2o3 solution. 0.890 ml of the solution is required to reach the colorless endpoint. what is the mass percent of naocl (mm
There is 5.8 % of NaOCl in the sample.
The oxidation of hypochlorite is the first process, which goes as follows:
OCl^- + 2I^- + 2H^+ -----> I2 + Cl2 + H2O
Iodine and sodium thiosulfate react in the second stage as follows:
I2 + 2NaS2O3 -----> Na2S4O6 + 2NaI
Thiosulfate moles = 0.150 M * 0.890/1000 L = 1.335 * 10-4 moles.
Since 2 molecules of thiosulfate react with 1 mole of I2,
1.335 * 10-4 moles of thiosulfate and x moles of I2 react.
x = 1.335 * 10-4 moles/2 moles times one mole.
Iodine equivalent to 6.675 x 10-5 moles
6.675 * 10-5 moles of hypochlorite were reacted because 1 mole of hypochlorite yields 1 mole of iodine.
Therefore, the mass of NaOCl is equal to 4.97 * 10-3 g (6.675 * 10-5 moles * 74.44 g/mole).
5.8% of NaOCl is equal to 4.97 * 10-3 g/0.0854 g * 100/1.
NaOCl makes up 5.8% of the sample.
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which of the following is true about all spontaneous processes? a) it releases energy as heat. b) it will occur quickly. c) it will continue on its own once begun. d) it is never endothermic.
C) It will continue on its own once begun is true for spontaneous processes.
What is spontaneous process?A spontaneous process is one that takes place without the system receiving any outside input. The system which releases free energy and transitions to a lower, more thermodynamically stable energy state is a more technical definition.The sign convention for changes in free energy is as follows: a release of free energy from the system corresponds to a negative change in the system's free energy and a positive change in the surrounding free energy.Spontaneous processes do not require an external energy source because they are known to be characterized by a decrease in the system's free energy.Spontaneous processes are characterized by a rise in entropy in isolated systems when no energy is exchanged with the environment.Chemical reactions that occur spontaneously in the context of interest are referred to as spontaneous reactions.To learn more about spontaneous process, refer to https://brainly.com/question/14015869
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substances like xenon , which is a gas at room temperature and pressure, can often be liquified or solidified only at very low temperatures. at a pressure of , does not condense to a liquid until and does not freeze until . what are the equivalent absolute temperatures? to condense: k
The equivalent absolute temperature when it condenses will be 27.25K. and freezes at 24.65K.
To find equivalent absolute temperatures we have to use the following equation:
0°C + 273.15 = 273.15K
The main idea is to convert degree Celsius to Kelvin.
In this manner, we are going make utilize of the over condition and space within the values for at degree Celsius at which it condenses and at degree Celsius at which it solidifies.
So, the temperature at which it condenses:
-245.9°C + 273.15 = 27.25K.
Also, the temperature at which it freezes.
-248.5°C + 273.15 = 24.65K.
Absolute temperature is utilized in the application of the perfect gas law and numerous other laws of thermodynamics.
A scale for outright temperature with degree units the same as on the Celsius scale is known as the Kelvin scale; the temperature scale utilizing Fahrenheit degree units is the Rankine scale.
Appropriately, a temperature distinction of one degree on the Celsius scale compares to a temperature contrast of one degree on the Kelvin scale; additionally for the Fahrenheit and Rankine scales.
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Although part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this full question:
Substances like neon, which is a gas at room temperature and pressure, can often be liquified or solidified only at very low temperatures. At a pressure of 1 atm, Ne does not condense to a liquid until -245.9°C and does not freeze until -248.5°C. What are the equivalent absolute temperatures?
To condense: __K
To freeze: __ K
5. What percent of CuCl₂ is Cu?
Answer: The mass percent of copper in copper chloride is 47.23 %.
- Lead acid batteries used in cars contain a concentrated
solution of sulfuric acid. When these batteries are
recycled, their sulfuric acid is drained and neutralized to
produce water and sodium sulfate. Suggest a compound
that could be used to neutralize sulfuric acid and produce
sodium sulfate. Justify your choice by writing the chemical
equation for the reaction.
As per the chemical reaction ,sodium hydroxide can be used for neutralization of sulfuric acid as,2 NaOH+H₂SO₄[tex]\rightarrow[/tex]Na₂SO₄ +2 H₂O.
What are chemical reactions?Chemical reactions are defined as reactions which occur when a substance combines with another substance to form a new substance.Alternatively, when a substance breaks down or decomposes to give new substances it is also considered to be a chemical reaction.
There are several characteristics of chemical reactions like change in color, change in state , change in odor and change in composition . During chemical reaction there is also formation of precipitate an insoluble mass of substance or even evolution of gases.
There are three types of chemical reactions:
1) inorganic reactions
2)organic reactions
3) biochemical reactions
During chemical reactions atoms are rearranged and changes are accompanied by an energy change as new substances are formed.
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coal-based power plants have a carbon dioxide emission of around 1,000 gco2eq/kwh. large scale hydropower plants have a carbon dioxide emission of around 30 gco2eq/kwh. rutgers university average power requirements is 20mw. what is the monthly (30 days) carbon dioxide emission reduction if the source of electricity is hydropower plant instead of coal-based generation?
In Niger State, Nigeria, there is a deposit of clay similar to kaolin that has a lot of promise for use in pollution control processes including wastewater treatment.
This study looks into the ideal settings for Kpautagi clay modification for use in treating the effluent from refineries. The clay was modified using sulphuric acid, and the modification factors taken into account were acid concentration, activation time, and temperature.
The sulphuric acid-modified Kpautagi clay was used in the treatment of refinery wastewater in column mode at a fixed flow rate and mass of adsorbent to establish the best conditions for the modification variables.
The results show that 4M acid concentration, 120min of activation time, and 100°C activation temperature are the best conditions for modifying Kpautagi clay for use in the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater.
As a result, the best conditions discovered in this work for Kpautagi clay modification could be used to treat wastewater from petroleum refineries more effectively.
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Alanine is a member of the twenty key amino acids that are used by our bodies to make proteins. Is this a chiral molecule?.
Alanine is a member of the twenty key amino acids which might be used by our bodies to make proteins: Pyrrolysine (not utilized in human protein synthesis). of those 20 amino acids, nine amino acids are crucial: Phenylalanine. Valine. Tryptophan.
Alanine is an amino acid that is used to make proteins. it's miles used to break down tryptophan and diet B-6. it's miles a source of power for muscle mass and the central fearful gadget. It strengthens the immune device and helps the frame use sugars.
Alanine, or α-alanine, is an α-amino acid this is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an amine organization and a carboxylic acid organization, both connected to the valuable carbon atom which also contains a methyl institution facet chain. Alanine is an amino acid this is used to make proteins. it's miles used to interrupt down tryptophan and diet B-6. it's miles a supply of electricity for muscle tissue and the critical apprehensive gadget. It strengthens the immune system and allows the frame to use sugars.
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Sodium and lithium have similar chemical properties. What characteristics of these elements explain why they are chemically similar?.
Sodium and lithium have similar chemical properties because both sodium and lithium have one valence electron
Chemical properties is the characteristics of particular substances that can be observed in a chemical reaction and the valence shell electrons in an atom determine the way it will interact with neighboring atoms and therefore determine its chemical properties and both sodium and lithium have one valence electron they share similar chemical properties and element sodium and lithium belong to group IA of the periodic table and the main characteristics is the a single electron in their outermost shell
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What type of evidence can be pulled from both a computer and a portable device?
O Images
O Text history
O GPS coordinates
O Phone call data
Type of evidence can be pulled from both a computer and a portable device is images, text history, GPS coordinates
Computer is the machine that can store and process the information and it is an electronic device that manipulate information or data and type of evidence can be pulled and collected from digital device is
Computer documentsEmailsText and instant messages,TransactionsImagesInternet historiesThe above all examples of information that can obtained from electric devices
Therefore, the digital evidence can be pulled from both a computer and a portable device is images, text history, GPS coordinates
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methane gas (ch4) reacts with oxygen (o2) to produce water vapor and carbon dioxide. what volume of water (h2o) and carbon dioxide (co2) will be formed from the complete reaction of 3 l of methane with oxygen if all the gases are held at the same temperature and pressure? group of answer choices
Thus, the consumption of 3 L of O₂ will produce 1.5 L of CO₂.
Is methane gas harmful to humans?Methane is non-toxic and poses no danger when inhaled in small amounts, but if significant amounts of the gas are allowed to replace air, the lack of oxygen could cause suffocating.
Briefing:In the reaction, CH₄+2O₂⇒CO₂+2H₂O
2 moles of O₂ consumption will produce 1 mole of CO₂.
In the gaseous phase, the relationship between the amount of compound and the volume is: PV=nRT
The volume and the amount of the gaseous compound are proportionate at the same temperature and pressure.
Thus, the consumption of 3 L of O₂ will produce 1.5 L of CO₂.
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How do scientists predict the polarity of molecules?
When a molecule lacks polar bonds, there is no permanent charge difference between parts of the molecule, and the molecule is nonpolar.
Because the electron charge on both atoms is identical, the Cl2 molecule has no polar bonds. As a result, it is a nonpolar molecule. Hydrocarbons are nonpolar molecular substances because none of the bonds in hydrocarbon molecules, such as hexane, C6H14, are significantly polar.
The molecule is nonpolar if the arrangement is symmetrical and the arrows are of equal length. The molecule is polar if the arrows are of different lengths and do not balance each other. The molecule is polar if the arrangement is asymmetrical.
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PLEASE SOMEONE HELP EXPLAIN THIS IT’S DUE FIRST THING TMRW MORNING!!
Determine the empirical formula of a 28.00 gram sample containing 22.90 grams carbon and 5.10 grams hydrogen.
If a 28.00 gram sample containing 22.90 grams carbon and 5.10 grams hydrogen , then the empirical formula is CH3 .
What is empirical formula ?The empirical formula, which is defined as the ratio of subscripts of the least whole number of the elements present in the formula, is the simplest formula for a compound. The simplest formula is another name for it.
The formula of a material expressed with the smallest integer subscript is referred to as an empirical formula for a compound.
The empirical formula provides details regarding the ratio of atom counts in the molecule. A compound's % composition directly determines its empirical formula.
Given ,
the mass of the sample of hydrogen and oxygen is 28g .
the mass of carbon in that sample is 22.9g
the mass of hydrogen in that sample is 5.1g
We know ,
the molecular mass of carbon is 12g
thus , 12g of carbon contains 1 mol
22.9g of carbon contains 22.9/12 = 1.9mol
the molecular mass of hydrogen is 1g
1g of hydrogen contains 1mol
5.1g of hydrogen contains 5.1mol
now , the mole ratio of carbon to hydrogen is
= C:H = 1.9/5.1 = 0.37 = 1:3
Hence , the empirical formula is CH3 .
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Please help How many moles of a gas sample are in 5.0 L container at 215 K and 342 kPa(The gas constant is 8.31 L kPa/mol K) Round your answer to one decimal place and enter the number only with no units.
Answer
1.0 mol
Explanation
Given:
Volume, V = 5.0 L
Temperature, T = 215 K
Pressure, P = 342 kPa
The gas constant, R = 8.31 L kPa/mol K
What to find:
The number of moles of the gas sample.
Step-step-solution:
The number of moles of the gas can be determine using the ideal gas equation formula:
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]Put the given values into the formula and calculate for n:
[tex]\begin{gathered} 342\times5.0=n\times8.31\times215 \\ 1710=1786.65n \\ \text{Divide both sides by 1786.65} \\ \frac{1710}{1786.65}=\frac{1786.65n}{1786.65} \\ n=0.9571\text{ mol} \\ To\text{ one decimal place,} \\ n=1.0\text{ mol} \end{gathered}[/tex]The number of moles of the gas sample is 1.0 mol.
how does the specific heat capacity of water compare with the specific heat capacities of other common materials? how does the specific heat capacity of water compare with the specific heat capacities of other common materials? the specific heat capacity of water is very low in comparison with other common materials. the specific heat capacities of water and other common materials are approximately the same. the specific heat capacity of water is very high in comparison with other common materials.
Liquid water has one of the highest specific heat capacities among common substances, about 4184 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1 at 20 °C; but that of ice, just below 0 °C, is only 2093 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1. The specific heat capacities of iron, granite, and hydrogen gas are about 449 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1, 790 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1, and 14300 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1, respectively.
The amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius (°C) is known as specific heat. Since water has a higher specific heat than other substances, it requires more energy to raise its temperature.
The heat capacity of a sample of a substance is divided by the mass of the sample to produce the specific heat capacity (symbol cp), also known as massif heat capacity. Informally, it is the quantity of heat that must be added to one unit of a substance's mass in order to raise its temperature by one unit. joule per kelvin per kilogram is the specific heat capacity unit in the SI.
A substance's specific heat capacity may be substantially higher when heated in an open vessel that permits expansion than when heated in a closed vessel that prevents expansion, especially when the substance is a gas (specific heat capacity at constant pressure) (specific heat capacity at constant volume).
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1. State the general period and group trends among
main-group elements with respect to each of the
following properties:
a. atomic radii
b. first ionization energy
c. electron affinity
d. ionic radii
e. electronegativity
The general period and group trends among the main-group elements with respect to each of the following properties are as follows:
atomic radii - increase down the group; decrease across a periodfirst ionization energy - decrease down the group; increase across a periodelectron affinity - decrease down the group; increase across a periodionic radii - increase down the group; decrease across a periodelectronegativity - decrease down the group; increase across a periodWhat are periodic trends?Periodic trends are the trends followed by the properties of the elements going down a group or across a period in the periodic table.
The properties of elements that show periodic trends include:
a. atomic radii - the size of an atom of an element
b. first ionization energy - the energy required to remove a valence electron
c. electron affinity - the energy required to add an electron to a neutral atom
d. ionic radii - the size of the ion of an element
e. electronegativity - the ability to attract electrons
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how does water help macromolecules carry out their functions