james chadwick discovered this particle, which was the last of the subatomic particles to be characterized.

Some examined meteorites contain would be lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, and monosaccharides.

Meteorites are considered to be the pieces of rocks or metals that fall into the earth from outer space. These rocks/metals have been extensively studied/analyzed by some researchers, especially those seeking to prove/disprove Panspermia theory that life originates from other planets.

Several studies conducted found the compounds such as lipids, DNA, RNA, and amino acids.

There has been no evidence for the monosaccharides for a long time until 2019 when an international team discovered sugars such as xylose and arabinose in certain meteorites.

No polypeptide has been discovered in the meteorites, but its precursor, amino acids, have been discovered.

Therefore, the correct answer to the molecules that have been found in the some meteorites would be lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, and monosaccharides.

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The following errors in the PCR reaction could lead to the result obtained:

He performed step two at a temperature that was too low.

Repeated sequences were present in the designed primers.

He contaminated the DNA sample used as a template.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique used for the amplification of DNA fragments with the help of Taq polymerase at a high temperature.

A very tiny DNA sample can be amplified (or part of it amplified) to a size that is big enough to be studied in depth using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a technique that is frequently used to create millions to billions of copies (full or partial) of a given DNA sample quickly.

When the temperature for step 2 of PCR, annealing is too low, the primers do not get attached to the template DNA.

Dimers could arise when the primers include repeated sequences.

Contamination of the template DNA will lead to no PCR and thus little to no results.

The complete question is:

A student carries out PCR using the following steps:

Step 1: 94°C for 1 minute

Step 2: 60°C for 30 seconds

Step 3: 72°C for 30 seconds

After electrophoresing his PCR reaction, the student sees the desired PCR product on the gel as well as several smaller bands. What error(s) might he have made? (Select all that apply.)

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A molecule with a long chain of carbons bonded together and flanked by hydrogens with an acid group on one end and a methyl group on the other end is called a fatty acid.

A fatty can be saturated as well as unsaturated. Saturated fatty acids are the ones that do not have any double or triple bond in them. Unsaturated fatty acids are the ones that have double bonds or triple bond in them.

Some of the examples of fatty acids are stearic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid etc.

Some common examples of food products having fatty acid in them are walnuts, fish, butter, milk etc.

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The mass 25.0 ml of distilled water you measured at 13 °c different from the mass of 25.0 ml of distilled water at 20 °c would be exactly the same.

The mass of a body is the quantity of matter that is contained in a body. It is the measure of the inertia of the body. We know that the mass of a body is a constant and does not change. It des not depend on changes in the temperature of a body.

As such, the mass 25.0 ml of distilled water you measured at 13 °c different from the mass of 25.0 ml of distilled water at 20 °c would be exactly the same.

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[tex]Moles \: of \: H _2SO_{4} \: is \: is \: 2.9 \: moles.[/tex]

[tex]Moles \: of \: C _2H _4O _2 \: is \: 1.4 \: moles. [/tex]

[tex]Moles \: of \: NaOH\: is \: 5.8 \: moles.[/tex]

The total number of moles of hydrogen in all the compounds = 5.8 mol.

The number of hydrogen present in sulphuric acid = 2.

Let the number of moles of the sulphuric acid present

be X. [tex]Number \:of \: mol \: of H_2SO _4 \:present [/tex]

is,

[tex]1 \: mole \: of \:H _2SO_{4} \: has \: 2 \: moles \: of \: H.[/tex]

[tex]X = 5.8 \times \frac{1}{2} [/tex]

[tex]X = 2.9 \: moles[/tex]

Thus, the number of moles of sulphuric acid present is 2.9 moles.

Number of hydrogen present in acetic acid = 4

Let the number of moles of acetic acid be Y.

[tex]Number \:of \: mol \: of C _2H _4O _2 \:present [/tex]

is,

[tex]Y = 5.8 \times \frac{1}{4} [/tex]

[tex]Y = 1.4 \: moles[/tex]

Thus, the number of moles of acetic acid is 1.4 moles.

The number of hydrogen present in sodium hydroxide = 1.

Let the number of moles of sodium hydroxide be Z.

[tex]Number \:of \: mol \: of \: NaOH\:present [/tex]

is,

[tex]Z = 5.8 \times \frac{1}{1} [/tex]

[tex]Z = 5.8 \: moles[/tex]

Thus, the number of moles of sodium hydroxide is 5.8 moles.

5.8 moles. [tex]Therefore, \: moles \: of \: H _2SO_{4} \: is \: [/tex]

[tex]is \: 2.9 \: moles. \: \:Moles \: of \: C _2H _4O _2 \: is[/tex]

[tex]is \: 1.4 \: moles. \: Moles \: of \: NaOH\: is[/tex]

5.8 moles.

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EPR (ESR) Spectroscopy is compatible with leading brands but with fair and reasonable price.

EPR (ESR) Spectrometers for free radical, polymer materials, catalytic mechanism research.

What is Spectrometers ?

An equipment used to measure a physical quantity's spectrum is called a spectrometer. The term "spectrometer" is commonly used to refer to an optical spectrometer that measures the electromagnetic spectrum of light. Mass spectrometry and Auger electron spectroscopy, for instance, both use different types of spectrometers.

Measurements of light's characteristics in a particular area of the electromagnetic spectrum are made using an optical spectrometer. Light intensity is typically the variable quantity that is measured, though it might sometimes be anything else, such polarization.

The wavelength of light, which is frequently stated in a fraction of a meter but can also be expressed in a unit directly proportional to the energy of a photon, like the wave number, is the independent variable.

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EPR (ESR) Spectroscopy is compatible with leading brands but with fair & reasonable price. EPR (ESR) Spectrometers free radical, polymer materials, catalytic mechanism research.

What is Spectrometers ?

An equipment used to measure a physical quantity's spectrum is called a spectrometer. The term "spectrometer" is usually used to refer to an optical spectrometer that measures the electromagnetic spectrum of light.

Mass spectrometry and Auger electron spectroscopy, as an example , both use differing types of spectrometers.Measurements of light's characteristics during a particular area of the electromagnetic spectrum are made using an optical spectrometer. candlepower is typically the variable quantity that is measured, though it'd sometimes be anything else, such polarization.

The wavelength of sunshine , which is usually stated in a fraction of a meter but can also be expressed in a unit directly proportional to the energy of a photon, just like the wave number, is that the independent variable.

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The Balanced redox reaction is:

[tex]2H_2O + Zn (s) + 2OH^- \rightarrow Zn(OH)_4^2^- (aq) + H_2 (g)[/tex]

In that total redox reaction,

one half reaction of cell is [tex]Zn \rightarrow Zn^2^+ + 2e^-[/tex]

the other reaction is [tex]2OH^- + 2e^- + 2H_2O \rightarrow H_2 + 4OH^-[/tex]

Redox reactions are balanced in basic solution just as they would be in acid. You utilize [tex]OH^-[/tex] for conversion to base at the end.

The steps for balancing a redox reaction in a basic solution are as follows:

1. Split the reaction into half reactions.

2. Balance the other elements, except H and O.

3. By adding water, the O atoms are balanced.

4. By adding [tex]H^+[/tex], balance the H atoms.

5. To remove any [tex]H^+[/tex], add [tex]OH^-[/tex] ions to both sides.

6. To create [tex]H_2O[/tex], combine [tex]H^+[/tex] and [tex]OH^-[/tex].

7. Make things simpler by removing extra water.

8. Equalize the charges by including [tex]e^-[/tex]

9. Combine the half reactions, then simplify.

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The molecular formula for both the cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene is c4h8. The compounds which have the same molecular formula but have different structures are called isomers.

Isomerism, the existence of molecules that have same numbers of the same kinds of atoms (and hence the same formula) but differ in chemical and physical properties.

Stated colloquially, isomers are chemical compounds that have same parts but are nonetheless not the same. To make crude analogy, two bracelets, each consisting of five red and five green beads, could be arranged in many different isomeric forms, depending on the order of the colors.

Each bracelet would have the same parts—that is, five red and five green beads—but each variation would be different. One could also imagine combinations of those same beads in which the pendant chains were attached to a bracelet in a variety of ways. One might imagine two bracelets of the same red-green order but with the identical chains attached in different orientations. Such structures also would be analogous to the isomers. In a more subtle analogy, one’s hands can be seen as an isomeric. Each hand possesses same kinds of fingers, but a right hand can never be superimposed perfectly on a left hand; they are different.

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The amount of water is 14545.29 mL will contain 160 mg of lead.

Density is a term used to describe how tightly a material is packed. Hence, density is defined as the mass of the body per unit volume. Density Formula: ρ = m / V, where is the density, m is the object's mass, and V is its volume. Density Symbol: D.

The solution has 160 mg of Pb.

The density of water is 1 g/ml.

Now, 0.0011% Pb by mass means 0.011 grams P is contained in 100 - 0.0011 = 99.9989 g of water.

Therefore,

160 mg or 0.160 g of Pb will be contained in:

0.106 g × ( 99.9989 / 0.0011 ) = 0.106 g × 90908.09 = 14545.29 grams of water.

Hence, 14545.29 mL of water contains 160 mg of Pb.

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Hydrophilic;

Polar compounds

water

ions

glucose

Hydrophobic;

Triglycerides

cholesterol

Lipids

Oil

Carbohydrates

The term hydrophilic substances is used to describe the substances that could dissolve in water. They are those substances that are water soluble. Somehow, the substances must be polar because in chemistry like dissolves like.

The hydrophobic substances are those substances that do not dissolve in water. They are nonpolar and interact with other nonpolar substances.

The classification of the substances took place below;

Hydrophilic;

Polar compounds

water

ions

glucose

Hydrophobic;

Triglycerides

cholesterol

Lipids

Oil

Carbohydrates

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Oxygen is a good oxidant because it has the highest electronegativity, which is 3.44.

A reactant that oxidizes or eliminates electrons from other reactants in a redox reaction is referred to as an oxidant. An oxidizer, oxidizing agent, or oxidant are several terms for the same thing. An oxygenation reagent or oxygen-atom transfer (OT) agent is a term that may be used to describe an oxidant that contains oxygen.

The loss of electrons in oxidation (OIL RIG). A material that oxidizes therefore steals electrons from the other substance. As a result, an oxidizing agent needs to pick up electrons.

Flourine is the most effective oxidizer. The highest positive electrode potential value is present in it. Halogens function as a potent oxidizing agent because of their high electronegativity and electron affinity.

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Cells be in osmotic equilibrium but chemical and electrical disequilibrium because water moves freely between most cells and the extracellular fluid

When the concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane called osmotic equilibrium in cell  this results in zero osmotic pressure as there is no force needed to prevent any flow. in other words, the tonicity is the same on both sides of the membrane. by diffusion of water or solutes, osmotic balance ensures that optimal concentrations of electrolytes and non-electrolytes are maintained in cells in this method osmosis maintain equilibrium in the cell not chemical and electrical equilibrium that's why osmotic equilibrium in the cell but chemical and electrical disequilibrium in the cell.

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Answer: Replication duh NO offensene

Explanation:

Answer:

since you have both the mass and density of the sample, the volume can be derived from both

volume of seawater = [tex]\frac{5.0}{1.025}[/tex]

                                 = 4.88 ml (3 s.f.)

When titrating a weak acid with a strong base The equivalence point for a weak acid-strong base titration has a pH > 7.00.

If the concentration of weak acid is adequate to the concentration of the conjugate base, then the ratio of their concentrations is adequate to one. and therefore the log of one is equal to zero. Therefore, the pH is adequate to the pKa value of the weak acid at the half equivalence point

Why is pH at half titration adequate to pKa?

Because of the incomplete dissociation of the acid, the reaction is in equilibrium, with an acid equilibrium constant , Ka, which is restricted to that acid. point are the identical . Therefore, at the half-equivalence point, the pH is adequate to the pKa.

What does one mean by titration?

titration, process of qualitative analysis in which the quantity of some constituent of a sample is determined by adding to the measured sample an exactly known quantity of another substance with which the desired constituent reacts in a definite, known proportion

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The strength of a carbon-oxygen double bond exceeds that of a carbon-carbon double bond.

A double bond is a covalent link between two atoms in chemistry that involves four bonding electrons rather than the two in a single bond. In alkenes, for instance, double bonds typically form between two carbon atoms.

There is always a sigma and a pi bond present in a double bond. Carbon dioxide is a common instance of a chemical having a double bond. The structure of organic substances like ethene, commonly referred to as ethylene, methanoic acid, and acetone, includes double bonds.

Carbon-carbon double bonds are found in alkenes, which are hydrocarbons. For molecules with a single double bond, their typical formula is CnH2n ( no rings). Because ethene was originally called olefiant gas, another name for alkenes is olefins.

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The descriptive term applied to the type of diene represented by 2,4-hexadiene is conjugated diene.

Dienes are compounds which contains two double bonds. These dienes can be non conjugated or conjugated.

Conjugated diene are those compound which have two double bonds  joined by a single σ bond. Conjugated dienes can also be called 1,3-diene. To know if diene is conjugated or non conjugated, sp³ hybridization is to b checked and the number of double bonds and single sigma bond is checked.

Conjugated dienes are found in many different molecules. 2,4-hexadiene is a conjugated diene with two carbon-carbon double bonds that are separated by one sigma bond.

The stabilization of dienes by conjugation is better than the aromatic stabilization. Conjugated dienes are more stable than non conjugated or cumulative diene because it has higher electron density of molecules delocalized.

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Once separated, is each component of the solid mixture could be a pure element or a pure compound.

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Formation of hydrogen bonds require hydrogen atoms and Oxygen atoms, fluorine atoms, or nitrogen atoms.

Hydrogen bond is a special case of dipole-dipole force of attractions. Here there are two polar molecules in which one of them has hydrogen atom with partial positive charge on it and the other molecule can be O, F or N with partial negative charge. Since, these dipole-dipole force of attractions are stronger than other dipole-dipole force of attractions we name it as Hydrogen bonds.

Some of the examples where hydrogen bonding is present are- H₂O, HF, NH₃ etc

Since, Hydrogen bonds are a type of dipole-dipole forces of attraction, they are present in polar covalent molecules.

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A chemist determined by measurements that moles of calcium participated in a chemical reaction. The mass of calcium that participated in the chemical reaction is 0.40 g

Chemical reaction is define as a process that lead to chemical transformation of one set of chemical substance to another.

There are basically four types of chemical reaction.

Mass of calcium can be calculated as:

Molar mass of Ca = 40.0g/mole

Number of mole of Ca in chemical reaction = 0.010 moles

So ,

Mass = number of moles x molar mass

         = 0.010 moles x 40.0g/mole

         = 0.40 g

Thus, the mass of calcium that participated in the chemical reaction is 0.40 g

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Your question is incomplete, but probably your full question was

A chemist determined by measurements that 0.010 moles of calcium participated in a chemical reaction. calculate the mass of calcium that participated in the chemical reaction

In glycolysis, one glucose (a 6-carbon molecule) is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules (each 3-carbon molecule). this process occurs in two separate reactions. a particular toxin, Changchun, found in poison slugs, targets one of these reactions and renders the carbons in that particular pyruvate radioactive and thus, unstable.

What is glycolysis?

Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy. It produces two molecules of pyruvate, ATP, NADH, and water.  the method takes place in the cytosol of the cell cytoplasm,  within the presence or absence of oxygen. Glycolysis is the primary step of cellular respiration.

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Ecologists use food web diagrams as tools in their studies of different populations of organisms within an ecosystem because it shows the feeding relationship between organisms in the ecosystem.

This is defined as the graphical representation of the feeding relationship which occurs between organisms in the ecosystem and helps to predict the outcome in the addition or removal of a species.

The food web also helps to determine the various ways in which energy flows and it usually starts from the producers which are the plants as a result of their photosynthetic ability which involves the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy.

There are various organisms in the ecosystem and the food web helps to provide a better understanding of their feeding habits and impact various factors will result in.

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The reaction equation is; 2NaOH(aq) + FeCl2(aq) ---- > 2NaCl + Fe(OH)2

The term reaction in chemistry involves the combination of two or more substances to yield a new substance. The new substance is always different from the combining substances.

In this case we want to write a reaction equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and iron(ii) chloride to give to give iron(ii) hydroxide and sodium chloride, we can write;

2NaOH(aq) + FeCl2 (aq) ---- > 2NaCl + Fe(OH)2

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Answer: D

Explanation: Co 2 and H2O

Passive transport obtains energy from the gradient of the substance or molecule being transported.

Passive transport is the movement of a solute from one side of the cell membrane where there is a high electrochemical potential to the other side where there is a lower electrochemical potential.

A kind of cellular transport known as passive transport involves the movement of molecules and ions along concentration gradients. In contrast to active transport, the mechanism doesn't need metabolic energy (such as ATP) because the movement is downhill or down the concentration gradient.

A few characteristics of passive transport are as follows:

1) The molecule must be bound in order to be transported.

2) The chemical being delivered is particular to it.

3) The gradient of the material being carried produces the energy needed for passive transport.

4) A conformational shift leads to the substance's transport.

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Chernobyl expelled lots of cs-137 radioisotopes in the environment in 1986. the half-life of cs-137 is 30 years. in 2046, 60 years later, the radioactivity will be zero times the original activity in 1986.

What is half life of a substance?

A drug's half-life is an estimation of how long it will take for its concentration or amount in the body to exactly halve (or 50%) in size. T12 represents half-life.

This well-known phrase was first used in 1907 by renowned physicist Ernest Rutherford, who used the half-life formula to estimate the age of rocks by observing how long radium took to decay into lead.

Here, its said that the half life of Cs-137 is 30 years, that is after 30 years, half of the Cs-137 would have disintegrated, and after 60 years the entire molecule would have disintegrated, hence, after 60 years that is in 2046 the radioactivity would be zero.

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Answer: How to convert only to one significant figure:

Explanation:

The method of rounding to a significant figure is often used as it can be applied to any kind of number, regardless of how big or small it is. When a newspaper reports a lottery winner has won £3 million, this has been rounded to one significant figure. It rounds to the most important figure in the number.

To round to a significant figure:

look at the first non-zero digit if rounding to one significant figure

look at the digit after the first non-zero digit if rounding to two significant figures

draw a vertical line after the place value digit that is required

look at the next digit

if it's 5 or more, increase the previous digit by one

if it's 4 or less, keep the previous digit the same

fill any spaces to the right of the line with zeros, stopping at the decimal point if there is one

Examples

Round 53,879 to 1 significant figure, then 2 significant figures.

5|3879 to 1 significant figure is 50,000

53|879 to 2 significant figures is 54,000

Notice that the number of significant figures in the question is the maximum number of non-zero digits in your answer.

Round 0.005089 to 1 significant figure, then 2 significant figures.

0.005|089 to 1 significant figure is 0.005

0.0050|89 to 2 significant figures is 0.0051

Sorry this was long,

But I hope this helped!

The strongest intermolecular forces between solute and solvent molecules in a solution is ion-dipole interactions.

Intermolecular Forces:

The intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction that exist among the molecules of a substance. The identification of these forces are important because they affect many properties. They can affect solubility, boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, etc.

An intermolecular force is an attractive force that arises between the positive components (or protons) of one molecule and the negative components (or electrons) of another molecule. Various physical and chemical properties of a substance are dependent on this force. The boiling point of a substance is proportional to the strength of its intermolecular forces – the stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the boiling point.

By comparing the boiling points of different substances, we can compare the strengths of their intermolecular forces. This is because the heat absorbed by the substance at its boiling point is used to break these intermolecular forces and to convert the liquid into vapour.

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To arrange the following aqueous solutions in order of increasing boiling points. 0.050 m mg(no 3)2; 0.100 m ethanol; 0.090 m nacl.

What is boiling point of a solution?

The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure around it and the liquid transforms into a vapor is known as the boiling point of a substance.

A liquid's boiling point varies depending on the atmospheric pressure in the area. The boiling point of a liquid is lower in a partial vacuum than it is at atmospheric pressure. A liquid's boiling point is lower under low pressure than it is under air pressure.

The higher the molar concentration, higher will be the boiling point of the solution.

Thus among Ethanol(0.100m), Mg(NO3)2(0.050m), NaCl(0.090), ethanol has the highest boiling point.

Thus, increasing order of boiling point is:

Mg(NO3)2<NaCl<Ethanol

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