Please help me!! Answer questions 3 & 4 and imagine answer choices are labeled from A to D

Hormones called neurohormones are produced and released by neurons in the brain, rather than by the endocrine glands, and delivered to organs and tissues through the bloodstream.

Hormones are substance couriers that are created and delivered by endocrine glands, like the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands.

These hormones go through the bloodstream to target cells and tissues, where they tie to explicit receptors and trigger a reaction.

Instances of neurotransmitters are dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine. They are engaged with a great many substantial cycles, including mindset guidelines, mental capability, and muscle development.

Irregularities in synapse levels have been connected to different neurological and mental problems, like misery, uneasiness, and Parkinson's disease.

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Although eukaryotes and prokaryotes both engage in cell division, they do so in different ways. In particular, eukaryotic cells divide using the processes of mitosis and meiosis.  

Mitosis results in two capitals that are identical to the original nexus. Meiosis, on the other hand, results in four capitals, each having half the number of chromosomes of the original cell. In creatures, meiosis only occurs in the cells that give rise to the coitus cells( gametes), i.e., the egg and the sperm.  

Mitosis is when a eukaryotic cell nexus splits in two, followed by the division of the parent cell into two son cells.

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The statement describing the key difference between mitosis and meiosis is: (A) Mitosis creates identical, diploid daughter cells, whereas meiosis creates genetically unique, haploid daughter cells.

Mitosis is the process of cell division where one parent cell divides to form two daughter cells. These cells are similar to each other as well to their parent cell. The chromosomal number remains same in both the daughter cells as that to their parent cell and this is why it is also called equational division.

Meiosis is the process where one parent divides to form 4 daughter cells and that have half the number of chromosomes, thus it is termed as reductional division.

The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:

Eukaryotic cells have two particular methods with which to divide: mitosis and meiosis. each process has unique properties that allow it to achieve highly efficient and specific replication. which of the following statements best describes a key difference between the processes of mitosis and meiosis?

A. Mitosis creates identical, diploid daughter cells, whereas meiosis creates genetically unique, haploid daughter cells.

B. Mitosis creates identical, haploid daughter cells, whereas meiosis creates genetically unique, diploid daughter cells.

C. Mitosis creates genetically unique, diploid daughter cells, whereas meiosis creates identical, haploid daughter cells.

D. Mitosis creates genetically unique, haploid daughter cells, whereas meiosis creates identical, diploid daughter cells.

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When the pressure affected the opening and closing of heart valves on the left side of the heart, the following things happened in the right order:

1. The open mitral valve allows blood to pass from the atrium into the left ventricle.

2. The volume and pressure of the ventricles both rise.

3. When ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure, ventricular contraction starts.

4. The mitral valve shuts

5. The mitral and aortic valves contract against one other.

6. An open aortic valve

7. The ventricular pressure is higher than the aortic pressure

8. Blood discharged into the aorta from the ventricle

9. Ventricular pressure is higher than aortic pressure.

10. The aortic valve shuts

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Rearrange the following steps to show how changes in pressure influence the opening and closing of heart valves on the left side of the heart.

At a pH above 10.76, the Arg residue will be mostly in its deprotonated form and the net charge of the TIGER peptide will be positive.

a) The peptide with the lowest pI (isoelectric point) will be TIGER. The pI is the pH at which the peptide has an overall neutral charge. The TIGER peptide has an acidic residue (Glu, pI = 4.25) and a basic residue (Arg, pI = 10.76) which will balance out each other's charges. PANTHER, CHEETAH, and CAT all have more basic residues and therefore will have a higher pI.

b) The titration curve for the TIGER peptide would have the following characteristics:

X-axis: pH

Y-axis: net charge

pK1: Glu (4.25)

pK2: Arg (10.76)

As the pH continues to increase, the Arg residue will begin to deprotonate and the net charge will become increasingly positive. At a pH around 10.76, the Arg residue will be completely deprotonated and the net charge of the TIGER peptide will be positive.

At a pH above 10.76, the Arg residue will be mostly in its deprotonated form and the net charge of the TIGER peptide will be positive.

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Microbes were first considered for bioremediation after Marjory Stephenson observed that they were digesting enormous quantities of waste from a sugar beet factory. The waste was accumulating in River water.

bioremediation can be defined as the any process wherein a biological system  which could be bacteria, microalgae, fungi, and plants, living or dead.

There are many types of bioremediations like, Bio stimulation, Bioaugmentation, Natural attenuation, Bioventing, Bioslurping etc.

Goal of bioremediation process is to, cleanup environmental sites which is of importance and is contaminated with pollution by the help of living organisms which works on degrade hazardous materials into less harmful substances or simpler compounds.

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Columnar epithelial cells in the uterine tubes and respiratory passageways have cilia, which can push the egg towards the uterus.

The cilia, which are small, hair-like projections on the surface of the cells, are used to move mucus and other fluids through the tubes. In the case of the uterine tubes, the cilia help to move the egg from the ovary to the uterus, where it can potentially be fertilized. Similarly, in the respiratory passageways, the cilia help to move mucus and debris out of the lungs, keeping the airways clear.

This is an example of how the same organelles can have different functions depending on the tissue in which they are found.

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the terms are: 1- Ecology and Ethology, 2-Physiology, 3- Comparative Anatomy and Physiology, 4- Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Biology

Ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. It deals with the distribution, abundance, and dynamics of living organisms and their interactions with each other and their physical and chemical environment.

Ethology is the study of animal behavior, including how and why animals behave the way they do. It focuses on the mechanistic and evolutionary causes of behavior, and how behavior is influenced by the animal's environment.

Physiology is the study of the functions and processes of living organisms and their parts, including the physical and chemical mechanisms that underlie them. It deals with how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical and physical functions that exist in a living system.

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The complete question is:

Bar-headed geese migrate from their breeding places to their cooler climes by flying over the highest peaks of the Himalayan mountains, where oxygen levels in the air are extremely low, and yet these birds can produce enough muscle power to complete the arduous journey. Match the following research questions about this incredible feat with the appropriate biological area that could investigate each question.

1)How do geese use environmental cues and landmarks to determine the timing and direction of their migration over the mountains? How do they get around?

2)How do the circulatory and respiratory systems cope with increased oxygen consumption in the face of low oxygen air?

3) Is the number of mitochondria (cell energy producers) in Bar-headed Geese muscle cells greater than in other species of geese with less demanding migration routes?

4) What DNA sequences are shared by species that can survive in low-oxygen environments, such as penguins and Bar-headed Geese that fly over the Himalayan peaks?

To classify the Vitamin D, calcium, iron, and potassium micronutrients as required or optional on the nutrition facts panel. Companies can voluntarily list other vitamins and minerals in the food  are the only micronutrients required to be on the food label.

Vitamins A and C  nutrient  is not required on a food label because manufacturers may still include them if they choose while Vitamin D and Potassium will now be required on the FDA's Nutrition Facts labels.

Micronutrients are essential dietary elements required by organisms in varying quantities throughout life maintain and functions of the health.The foods that do not require Labelling that is ready-to-eat food, products from bakeries and delis or candy store items  that is not for immediate consumption but is prepared on site.

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The correct statement which describes function of uterus, ovaries, and Fallopian tubes are a) Ovaries mature the ovum, c)Fallopian tubes transport the ovum, d)The uterus supports pelvic structures.So,correct options are a,c,d

The ovaries foster an ovum to development during each regenerative cycle to aid origination. The Fallopian tubes transport the ovum during each regenerative cycle to aid conception.The perineum, not the uterus, upholds pelvic designs. The uterus plans for origination during each regenerative cycle by putting away enormous amounts of glycogen, proteins, lipids, and minerals in the endometrium.The ovaries answer FSH and LH set free from the front pituitary yet don't deliver these chemicals to aid origination.The ovaries are revealed in the peritoneal pit yet are fastened to the body wall through the suspensory tendon of the ovary which is a back expansion of the wide tendon of the uterus. The piece of the wide tendon of the uterus that covers the ovary is known as the mesovarium.

Hence,correct options are a,c,d.

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(Complete question) is:

Which statements describe how the uterus, ovaries, and Fallopian tubes function together to assist in conception?

Select all that apply.

a) Ovaries mature the ovum.

b) The uterus stores glycogen.

c) Fallopian tubes transport the ovum.

d) The uterus supports pelvic structures.

e) The ovary releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

The statements that describe how the uterus, ovaries, and Fallopian tubes function together to assist in conception are: (1) Ovaries mature the ovum; (2) The uterus stores glycogen; (3) Fallopian tubes transport the ovum.

Uterus is the organ present in females that is also known by the name womb. It is a muscular structure in the shape of an inverted pear where the development of the fetus takes place to form a fully grown child.

Ovaries are the female reproductive glands that synthesize the female gametes called ovum or egg. These are present in a pair, one at each side: left and right. Ovaries are also the site for hormone synthesis like progesterone and estrogen.

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Answer:

A. Some frequencies are beyond the human hearing range.

The passage states that humans can hear vibrational frequencies of 20 to 20,000 cycles per second, while cats respond to frequencies of up to 50,000 cycles per second and porpoises and bats pick up frequencies of 100,000 cycles per second. This indicates that some frequencies are beyond the human hearing range, and that other animals have a greater sensitivity to higher frequencies than humans do. It also supports that some animals are adapted to hearing high frequencies. The passage does not provide any information that supports the other statements B, C, D and E.

According to scientific theory of plate tectonics, the Earth's subterranean motions result in the formation of significant landforms.

Using the scientific method, a theory is a well-planned explanation for observations made about the natural world that combines numerous facts and assumptions.

An hypothesis is an assertion made without any supporting evidence. It is created for the purpose of being examined to determine whether it might be accurate. An explanation for something that has already been demonstrated by facts is called a theory.

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Answer:

Denitrification. Denitrification is the process that converts nitrate to nitrogen gas, thus removing bioavailable nitrogen and returning it to the atmosphere.

Explanation:

a campaign that emphasised the right of women to vote. Supporting developing countries through foreign policy is one way to stop communism from spreading.

Expanding suffrage from the a system based on property ownership to only one based on voting by all adult white men enabled the country to transition into a more participatory democracy, which was also accompanied by the expansion of political parties. Supporting developing countries through foreign policy is one way to stop communism from spreading.a campaign that emphasised the right of women to vote.  As a result of their connection via transportation networks, the North and the West established a solid relationship. Nationalism became a powerful force during the nineteenth century, causing profound changes in Europe's political and intellectual landscape. In place of the multiple-nation dynastic empires of Europe, these changes ultimately led to the rise of the nation-state.

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There are three stages between typical patterns of altered menstruation seen during the gradual transition to menopause.

The termination of menstruation indefinitely that occurs without any sort of medical intervention is known as "natural menopause."

Menopause transition, also known as perimenopause, is eight to ten years before menopause, when your ovaries gradually release less estrogen, the perimenopause might start. In your 40s, it typically begins, many individuals might be exhibiting menopausal symptoms at this time. You can still become pregnant during this period, but you are still experiencing menstrual cycles.

Menopause is the period when you no longer have menstrual cycles.

Postmenopause: This is the term used to describe the period-free duration of a year. Menopausal symptoms, such as hot flushes, may improve at this time. However, some women continue to have menopausal symptoms for a decade or more following menopause.

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All the above options are correctly matched and hence the option D) pick this if all of the above are correctly matched for each other

a)fatty-acyl coA + glycerol 3-phosphate for phosphatidylcholine, b)palmitoyl-coA + serine for sphingomyelin. c) HMG-CoA for cholesterol they all are correctly matched.

a) Phospholipids are a class of lipids that consist of two fatty acyl molecules, The condensation of fatty acyl coA and glycerol 3 phosphate is the first step in this process to make phosphatidic acid.

b) The biosynthesis of Sphingolipid invovles the 1 step of  condensation of l-serine with palmitoyl-CoA to produce 3-ketodihydrosphingosine,

c) in the cholesterol synthesis, the enzyme HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR) act, the statins are inhibitors for this enzyme.

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Antepartum fetal surveillance is basically a procedure which involves the monitoring of the fetal heart rare in order to assess the risk of death of fetus during pregnancy.

Antepartum fetal surveillance techniques are basically based on the assessment of fetal heart rate or the FHR patterns. This procedure is done after 28 weeks gestational age exam. This procedure is used along with real-time ultrasonography as well as umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry to evaluate well-being of the fetus.

This procedure is very important to asses the risk of death of the fetus in pregnancies which can be due maternal conditions. Abnormal results achieved in this process would mean further exploration of the condition of the fetus.

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The air pressure in the lungs after expanding the chest cavity by 525 mL will be 0.009 atm.

The air pressure in the lungs can be calculated using the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.If the person's lungs hold 1250 mL of air at a pressure of 1 atm and the person expands the chest cavity by 525 mL while keeping the nose and mouth closed so that no air is inhaled, the new volume of the lungs will be 1250 mL + 525 mL = 1775 mL. Now we can use the ideal gas law to find out the new pressure inside the lungs:

P = (nRT) / V

Where R= 0.0821 Latm/molK

T = 298 K (room temperature)

V = 1775 mL

n is not needed as the number of moles is not given, so we can cancel it out from the equation.

P = (0.0821 * 298) / 1775

P= 0.009 atm

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The air pressure in the lungs after expanding the chest cavity by 525 mL will be 0.009 atm.

The air pressure in the lungs can be calculated using the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.

If the person's lungs hold 1250 mL of air at a pressure of 1 atm and the person expands the chest cavity by 525 mL while keeping the nose and mouth closed so that no air is inhaled, the new volume of the lungs will be 1250 mL + 525 mL = 1775 mL.

Now we can use the ideal gas law to find out the new pressure inside the lungs:

P = (nRT) / V

Where R= 0.0821 Latm/molK

T = 298 K (room temperature)

V = 1775 mL

n is not needed as the number of moles is not given, so we can cancel it out from the equation.

P = (0.0821 * 298) / 1775

P= 0.009 atm

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Create a hypothesis for the statement, "Tomato plants develop more quickly when planted in compost."

According to the ANOVA test, organic fertilisers considerably boosted the vegetable production in this "tomato-celery-tomato" system. This may be the case because applying organic fertiliser can boost soil organic matter, which in turn boosts yields26,27. Create a hypothesis for the statement, "Tomato plants develop more quickly when planted in compost." For tomatoes to flourish, two essential minerals must be present: phosphorus, which encourages the growth of flowers and fruit, and calcium, which guards against blossom end rotting (that dreaded black sunken hole on the flower end of your calcium-deficient tomatoes). Nitrogen is a nutrient that plants require for growth. It is anticipated that tomato plants cultivated with nitrogen fertiliser will develop more leaves, grow faster, and become taller than tomato plants planted without nitrogen fertiliser. The primary findings revealed that: (1) Compared to conventional composting methods, vermicompost or chicken manure composting more successfully stimulated crop growth, comprising stem diameter & plant height.

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Tomato plants exhibit no difference in growth rate when planted in compost rather than in soil." this is the best null hypothesis that can be derived from the supplied hypothesis. Here option A is the correct answer.

The null hypothesis is a statement of no relationship or difference between the variables being studied. It is the opposite of the research hypothesis and is often stated as "there is no difference" or "there is no relationship."

In this case, the researcher's hypothesis is that tomato plants exhibit a higher rate of growth when planted in compost than in soil, so the null hypothesis would be that there is no difference in growth rate between the two conditions (compost and soil).

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The correct answer is A mitochondrial fission factor. It appears that the mitochondria of wildtype cells are more linear in form, whereas the mitochondria of mutant cells are more rounded or round. This implies that the protein is probably flawed in this mutation.

According to the available data, the altered shape of the mitochondria in the mutant cells points to a flaw in a protein essential for maintaining the shape of the mitochondria. A protein network called the mitochondrial reticulum, which is made up of many proteins including mitofusins and intermediate filaments, plays a crucial function in fusing the outer mitochondrial membranes and preserving the shape of mitochondria in normal cells.

The mitochondrial reticulum and other cellular pathways that control the shape of mitochondria may potentially contain other proteins that are faulty. It would be necessary to do more research, such as genetic testing or functional tests, to determine precisely which protein in the mutant cells is faulty.

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The complete question is:

Immunofluorescence analysis of mitochondria in control and mutant cells gives you the following images. Which of the following proteins is most likely defective in this mutant? Please note that mitochondria are labeled by expressing RFP-tagged TOM20, a commonly used mitochondrial marker protein; RFP: Red Fluorescent Protein

a) ATP Synthase

b) A mitochondrial fission factor

c) kinesin

d) alpha-tubulin

The correct option is B. polarization. A particular kind of lens known as a Polarized lens alters the path of light rays point A to point b B.

In order to improve eyesight and eye safety outdoors, polarized lenses are a sort of treated lenses intended to reduce glare as well as eye strain.

Thus, A particular kind of lens known as a Polarized lens alters the path of light rays point A to point b B.

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II and III

II. All living cells require water for survival

III. Al living things are only composed of cells.

The scientific idea that cells are the fundamental structural and organizational unit of all living things and that all cells originate from previously existing cells is known as cell theory. It was first put forth in the middle of the nineteenth century. The fundamental building block of every organism's structure and reproductive process are cells.

The three tenets of the cell theory are:

The theory was once universally accepted, but now some biologists consider non-cellular entities such as viruses living organisms and thus disagree with the first tenet.

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Some of the arguments for genetic mapping include the following below:

This is also called linkage mapping  and it used to identify the locus of a gene and the distances between genes.

This is important because it helps to provide clue and evidence about the chromosome contains the gene and precisely where the gene lies on that chromosome responsible for various types of diseases.

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noam chomsky said that children are born into the world with a language acquisition device, a biological endowment that enables the child to detect certain features and rules of language, including phonology, syntax, and semantics.

Noam Chomsky proposed the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) in the 1960s as a result of his research on language learning. An infant's ability to learn and use language is allegedly enabled by the LAD idea, an instinctive brain capacity. A part of the nativist philosophy of language, it. According to this view, people have the "innate facility" or instinct to learn languages from birth. The primary argument used in favour of the LAD was the argument from the poverty of the stimulus, which contends that children would not be able to learn language as quickly as they do if they did not possess a significant amount of innate knowledge of grammar. This is because they rarely receive direct instruction in their first language and never have access to contradictory information.

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This makes a root tip an excellent tissue to study the stages of cell division, the type of division going on here is mitosis, which have various stages like prophase, metaphase, telophase and anaphase.

Mitosis is an equational division of cell which occurs in actively dividing part of the cells like root tips.

The stages of mitosis is it starts from prophase, where chromosmes are prepared to go for division, then it goes to metaphase where all the chromosomes align in the middle region/metaphasic plate, then it goes to another stage known as anaphase where spindle fibres are formed and they are attatch to kinetochores of chromosomes and moves to opposite directions. The last is telophase where all the membrane appears and chromosome are divided equally between the 2 cells.

The stages of mitosis can be seen by staining the root tip with acetocarmine and heat fixing it.

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Answer:Most of our lives, we are focused on what is in front of us. When we gaze at the stars, we reflect on our place in the universe. An eclipse event brings that reflection into more concrete terms.

Two types of eclipses are visible from Earth, an eclipse of the moon and an eclipse of the sun. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth moves between the sun and the moon, blocking the sunlight that is normally reflected by the moon. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon is directly between the sun and the Earth, casting a shadow on the Earth.

The correct sequence of events that follow fertilization of an egg is Gamete formation, fertilisation, zygote, embryo. The correct option to this question is A.

Reproduction is a biological process in which a live creature gives birth to offspring that is biologically similar to its parents.

In humans, reproduction happens as a result of the union of male and female gametes, which eventually fertilize to form an embryo.

These male and female gametes are created in the bodies of their respective parents.

Internal fertilization refers to the entire process of fertilization in humans, as it occurs within a female's body.

Male and female reproductive cells divide meiotically to create gametes.

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Following fertilization of an egg, the right order of events is gamete production, fertilization, zygote, and embryo. The answer to this question is option A.

A living organism produces offspring that is biologically identical to its parents through the biological process of reproduction. The merging of the male and female gametes, which eventually fertilize to create an embryo, is what causes reproduction in humans. The bodies of their respective parents are where these male and female gametes develop.

Internal fertilization is the term used to describe the entire human fertilization process as it takes place inside the body of a female. Gametes are produced by the meiotic division of male and female reproductive cells.

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The neurotransmitter noradrenaline also reaches your adrenal gland, which releases the hormones adrenaline( epinephrine) and noradrenaline( norepinephrine).

These hormones travel through your blood to all corridors of your body. They reach your eyes, heart, airways, blood vessels in your skin and your adrenal gland again. Norepinephrine is produced in the inner part of the adrenal glands, also called the adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla also makes adrenaline( also known as epinephrine).

Norepinephrine, adrenaline and dopamine belong to part of the catecholamine family.  When a stressor begins, epinephrine and norepinephrine are released from the adrenal medulla and norepinephrine is released from the sympathetic whim-whams outstations. Because the secretory cells are neurons, catecholamine release is veritably quick, and goods can be seen in lower than an alternate.

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Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by the adrenal glands and are both neurotransmitters when used in the nervous system and hormones when used in the endocrine system.

Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers that function to relay the electrical signals inside one nerve cell to another nerve cell in the chemical form. Neurotransmitters can be excitatory as well as inhibitory in function. The examples are: glutamate, GABA, dopamine, etc.

Hormones are also the chemical messengers that are secreted from specific glands, called the endocrine glands. They are different from neurotransmitter because hormones can be diffused openly but neurotransmitters remain confined between two neurons.

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The correct option is D ;  Extinct languages , Physical anthropologists only study ancient hominins, not present humans.

The study of human biological variation and evolution is known as biological anthropology.

Human evolution and biological diversity (both past and present) are studied by physical anthropologists in the context of culture, history, and behavior. Nonhuman primates, such as chimps, are also studied by some physical anthropologists.

The beginnings of language and speech provide details about human evolution.) Biological Anthropologists do not study: -How knowledge of how to dress is passed down from generation to generation. (This is an example of something a cultural anthropologist might investigate.

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While his theory of evolution by natural selection applies to living things, Darwin was also a knowledgeable geologist

Charles Darwin, full name Charles Robert Darwin, was an English naturalist whose scientific theory of evolution by natural selection served as the cornerstone of modern evolutionary studies. Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and died on April 19, 1882 in Downe, Kent. Darwin, a jovial country gentleman, first alarmed Victorian society by claiming that humans and animals had a common ancestor. By the time of his death, evolutionary imagery had permeated every branch of research, literature, and politics. His nonreligious biology, however, appealed to the burgeoning class of professional scientists. The highest honor bestowed upon a British citizen was Darwin's burial at Westminster Abbey, despite the fact that he was an atheist himself.

After completing a circumnavigation of the globe aboard the HMS Beagle in 1837–1839, Darwin developed his audacious theory in private. It was not until On the Origin of Species (1859), a book that had a significant impact on contemporary Western society and thought, that he finally gave it full public expression.

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Benedict's reagent is the best choice for the detection of sugar.

It is a solution of copper ions that is used to test for the presence of reducing sugars. The principle behind this test is that reducing sugars have the ability to reduce copper ions to copper oxide, which forms a precipitate and changes the color of the solution. This change in color can be used to identify the presence of reducing sugars.

Kovacs Reagent is not used for the detection of sugar. It is a reagent used to detect the presence of primary and secondary amines. It works by creating a color change when an amine reacts with the reagent.

The iodine reagent is not suitable for detecting sugar. It is a reagent that is used to test for the presence of starch. The principle behind this test is that when iodine is added to a solution containing starch, the iodine molecules will bind to the starch molecules and create a complex that results in a color change.

In summary, Benedict's reagent is the best choice for detecting sugar due to its ability to detect reducing sugars and its sensitivity to detect the presence of sugar in a sample.

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