Prior to the industrial revolution, what was the previous highest level of co2 concentration in the atmosphere over the prior 400,000 years?.

        A chemical reaction's rate and the concentrations of the reactants involved are correlated by an expression known as the rate law, commonly referred to as the rate equation.

       The rate equation's "orders," the exponents a and b, must be established empirically. The exponents are added to determine the reaction's overall order. In other words, the reaction is third order overall if a=1 and b=2.

       By adding together the different orders, the reaction's overall order can be determined. For instance, the overall order is 2 if the reaction is first order with regard to both A and B (a = 1 and b = 1). This is referred to as a global second order response.

Finding a Rate Law's Exponents from Initial Rates (Experimental Data)

          The molar concentrations of the reactants are used by the rate law to calculate the reaction rate. Because there are more molecules colliding and reacting with one another, reactions often proceed more quickly at higher reactant concentrations.

       The exponents of a rate law's concentration terms are added to determine its order. The rate law of a reaction can be utilized to better understand the makeup of the reaction mixture once it has been established.

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Answer:

CH3

Explanation:

Hope this helps :)

From the slope of the graph, the experiment’s results lie close to the best fit line and have no noticeable outliers; it is reliable; option D

A line of best fit is a line that plots a range of data to the approximately best value.

The line of best will minimized the variation between several points in the data.

Considering the data points plotted, the slope of the whole line can be derived as:

slope = Δy / Δx

slope = (3.4 - 0.8) / (0.6 - 0.1)

slope = 5.2

Taking the slope from the intercept of the line of best fit on the y-axis

Slope = (3.4 - 0.4) / (0.6 - 0.0)

slope = 5.0

Therefore, the data is reliable.

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A good test for calcite is the test using acid and a rock formation that contains calcite is limestone.

We know that rock has to do with a solid mass that contains minerals. We know that many rocks are composed of various kinds of minerals that could be found inside the rocks. One of the minerals that could be found in rock is calcite which is composed of calcium carbonate. The presence of calcite can be tested by that addition of an acid which leads to the effervescence of a colorless odorless gas.

The rock formations that contain calcite are mainly limestone and and are known for their grey or white color.

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Answer:

Explanation:

We can find the number of moles from the given mass of the element by using the formula

[tex]n = \frac{m}{M} \\ [/tex]

m is the mass

M is the molar mass

n is the number of moles

The molar mass of krypton is 84 g/mol

We have

[tex]n = \frac{175.9}{84} = 2.094\\ [/tex]

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you

The concentration of so2 emitted on a hg/m3 basis is 0.01 M.

Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided through the full extent of an aggregate. several styles of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass attention, molar awareness, range attention, and quantity attention.

Given the 5 ppmv SO2 and we need to calculate the concentration of SO2 emitted on a µg /m3 basis.

We know,

mg/m3 = ppmv * M/0.08205*T

M = molecular weight of gas = 64.064 g/mol

mg/m3 = 5 ppmv *64.064 g.mol-1/ 0.08205 * 273.15 K

  = 14.28 mg/m3

Now we know

1 mg = 1000 µg

So, 14.258 mg =?

= 14280 µg/m3

We are given partial pressure. P = 0.1 atm.

Henry’s law constant =  0.1 mole/(liter.atm)

C = Kh*P

 = 0.10 mol/L.atm * 0.10 atm

  = 0.01 mol/L

    = 0.01 M

So, the equilibrium concentration of a gas in water is 0.01 M.

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The process of gasification that occurs without the chemical decomposition of the molecules is pyrolysis.

Pyrolysis is the process of heating substances especially organic materials in absence of oxygen as oxygen is not involved combustion does not occur rather a biomass thermally decomposes into combustible gases and other products.

when condensed fuel such as a candle or pool of gasoline burns the heat produced makes them convert into smaller fragments in absence of air through the application of heat.

The heat produced is responsible for gasification and responsible for thermal combustion without the usage of oxygen making them remain than combustion over oxygen which ensures complete decomposition.

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Answer:

the answer is C.Distilled or deionized water.

Using the molarity of the final solution and the molar mass of silver nitrate, we can calculate that the student used 8.0015 g of silver nitrate to make the stock solution.

First, we calculate the number of moles in the 500.00 mL flask using the molarity (c) of the final solution and its volume (V = 500.00 mL = 0.50000 L).

c = n/V ⇒ n = c*V

n = 9.443 * 10⁻³ M * 0.50000 L

n = 4.7215 * 10⁻³ mol

This same number of moles was in the 25.059 mL solution that was subsequently diluted to 500.00 mL. Knowing this, we can make a simple proportion to calculate the number of moles present in the original 250.00 mL:

4.7215 * 10⁻³ mol : 25.059 mL = X : 250.00 mL

X = 4.7215 * 10⁻³ mol * 250.00 mL / 25.059 mL

X = 0.047104 mol

That's the amount (n) of silver nitrate used to make the stock solution. Now we can convert it to mass (m) by using the molar mass of silver nitrate (M = 169.87 g/mol):

n = m/M ⇒ m = n*M

m = 0.047104 mol * 169.87 g/mol

m = 8.0015 g

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Answer:

Protects the fish from their environment.

Explanation:

Fish have a mucus on their outer covering that is very slimy and slippery; this serves as a benefit for the fish that will allow it to swim more easily in water.

It also works as a little suit of armor for the fish to protect themselves against predators.

Answer:

A -carbon and lithium.

Explanation:

Carbon and lithium are two elements form acidic oxides.

One or more oxygen atoms are joined with another element to form a chemical molecule known as an oxide (for instance, Li2O).

The term "oxide" refers to a binary compound containing oxygen and another element, such as CO2, SO2, CaO, CO, ZnO, BaO2, and water. Because oxygen is combined with just one other element in these substances, they are referred to as oxides. Oxides are divided into acidic, basic, amphoteric, and neutral categories based on their acid-base properties:

An oxide is referred to as acidic if it reacts with water to form an acid. A basic oxide is an oxide that produces a base in water. A substance that can chemically react as either an acid or a base is called an amphoteric solution.

Therefore, Carbon and lithium are two elements form acidic oxides.

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Considering the chemical formula, 3.045 moles of nitrogen N are in 67.0 g of nitrous oxide, N₂O.

Chemical formulas use letters and numbers to represent chemical species. The letters are called chemical symbols and represent the elements present in the chemical species.

The numbers located to the right of each chemical symbol is a subscript that indicates the number of moles of the element present in that compound. If no subscript appears after a chemical symbol, this implies that there is only one atom of that element.

The molar mass of N₂O is 44 g/mole. If the molar mass is the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole, this means that 1 mole of N₂O contains 44 grams of the compound.

On the other hand, 1 mole (or 44 grams, according to the definition of molar mass) of N₂O contain 2 moles of N. So, you can apply the following rule of three: if 44 grams of the compound contains 2 moles of N, 67 grams of the compound contains how many moles of N?

amount of moles of N= (67 grams× 2 moles of N)÷ 44 grams

amount of moles of N= 3.045 moles

Finally, there is 3.045 moles of N.

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The trend which depicts the reactivity of most nonmetals show in a periodic table is that it  increases from left to right across the periodic table and is denoted as option C.

This is referred to as the tabular arrangement of elements into groups and periods which is according to their similar features such as reactivity, number of electron shells etc.

When considering the periodic table, the reactivity of most nonmetals such as oxygen decreases top down within groups and increases from left to right across period which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the most correct choice.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

c isnt right

Explanation:

A. Even though CH3F has a tetrahedral geometry, the molecule is not symmetric due to the presence of the fluorine atom in the structure resulting in the molecule being polar.

B. None of the above gives a valid explanation.

C. Even though CH3F has a tetrahedral geometry, the carbon atom in the molecule, being the central atom, is more electronegative than the hydrogen and fluorine atoms in the molecule resulting in the molecule being polar.

D. Even though CH3F has a tetrahedral geometry, the fluorine atom in the molecule, being the central atom, is more electronegative than the hydrogen and carbon atoms in the molecule resulting in the molecule being polar.

E. Even though CH3F has a tetrahedral geometry, the hydrogen atoms in the molecule are more electronegative than the fluorine resulting in the molecule being polar.

The work done by the gas that expands at constant external pressure ( isobaric expansion) is 174.8 J

The work done by the gas that expands at constant external pressure is work done under isobaric conditions.

The work done by an isobaric expansion is calculated with the formula below:

Work done = P (Vf − Vi)

where;

P = 1.15 atm

P is converted to N/m² and volume is converted to m³

1.15 atm = 1.15 * 101325 N/m²

P = 116523.75 N/m²

Vf = 1.65 * 10⁻³ m³

Vi = 0.15 * 10⁻³ m³

W = 116523.75 N/m² ( 1.65 * 10⁻³ m³ - 0.15 * 10⁻³ m³)

Work done = 174.8 J

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Answer:

Useful

Explanation:

Index fossils are believed to be useful in correlating rock strata from widespread locations.▸ The collection of such fossils from different rock formations and layers enables the geologists to identify the layer of rock they were found in.

▸ They are also useful in dating and the study of geological formations which help scientists to get a clear understanding of the environment and the life forms that dwelt on the planet even hundreds of millions of years ago.

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The mass of each salt which will be added to the mixture is:

NaH₂PO₄ =  1.876 g

Na₂HPO₄ =  4.879 g

To make this buffer, phosphoric acid and/or its salts can also be combined in the following ways:

H₃PO₄ and Na₂HPO₄;

H₃PO₄ and Na₃HPO₄

The acid must be in the second ionisation if we are to have a buffer at 7.540, thus we would pick pKa2 = 7.198 for the buffer capacity.

7.540 = 7.198 + log[A⁻]/[HA]

log[A⁻]/[HA] = 0.342

[A⁻]/[HA] =

[A⁻]/[HA] = 2.198

[A⁻] = 2.198*[HA]

The concentration of the acid is conjugated to base and must be equal to the concentration of the buffer 0.0500 M, so:

[A⁻] + [HA] = 0.0500

2.198*[HA] + [HA] = 0.0500

3.198*[HA] = 0.0500

[HA] = 0.01563 M

[A⁻] = 0.0500 - 0.01563

[A⁻] = 0.03436 M

The mixed reaction is: NaH₂PO₄ + Na₂HPO₄ → HPO₄⁻² + 3Na + H₂PO₄⁻

The second ionization is:

H₂PO₄⁻ ⇄ HPO₄⁻² + H⁺

Because H₂PO₄⁻ is the acid form, its concentration is the same as NaH₂PO₄, and HPO₄⁻² is the conjugated base, and its concentration is the same as Na₂HPO₄ (stoichiometry is 1:1 for both).

If you want to prepare something for buffering, you must first have a solution of the species H2PO4 and HPO42, so that you can mix the mixture of:

H3PO4 and Na2HPO4 (the acid is tricrotic, forming H2PO4 as a result),

The dissociation of the salt Na2HPO4 into Na+ and HPO42);

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A molecular of this compound contains 6 hydrogen atoms. An atom is a component of an element. Each atom in a specific element has only one type of atom. Electrons, protons, and neutrons

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The number of moles of potassium hydroxide that would react with 1 mole of hydrochloric acid would be 1 mole.

Stoichiometric mole ratio

The stoichiometric moles of species of a reaction are the coefficients of each species in the balanced symbol equation of the reaction.

The balanced equation of the reaction between potassium hydroxide (KOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is expressed as follows:

[tex]KOH + HCl --- > KCl + H_2O[/tex]

In this case, the stoichiometric mole of KOH is 1, that of HCl is 1, that of KCl is 1, and that of [tex]H_2O[/tex] is also 1.

In other words, the stoichiometric mole ratio of KOH and HCl is 1:1. For every 1 mole of KOH, 1 mole of HCl is required for a complete reaction.

Now, the question says what mole of potassium hydroxide will be required to react with 1 mole of hydrochloric acid?

Following the mole ratio, 1 mole of KOH will also be required.

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ANSWER

Option C

EXPLANATION

Given that;

In the reaction above, we have the following data

At the reactants side;

3 atoms of manganese

4 atoms of nitrogen

1 atom of sodium

1 atom of fluorine

At the products side

1 atom of manganese

4 atoms of fluorine

3 atoms of sodium

1 atom of nitrogen

To balance the above equation, apply the law of conservation mass

Law of conservation of mass states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed but can e transformed from one formato another.

To balance the equation, 1 mole of Mn3N4 reacts with 12 moles of Na Tto give 3 moles of MnF4 and 4 moles of Na3N

So, the new equation becomes

The following data can be deduced in the above equation

At the reactants side

3 atoms of Mn

4 atoms of N

12 atoms of Na

12 atoms of F

At the products side

3 atoms of Mn

12 atoms of F

12 atoms of Na

4 atoms of N

Looking atthe vabove data, the number of atoms of each element at the reactants side is equal to the number of atoms of same elements at the products side.

Hence, the correct answer is option Ce

u

A substance made up of only one kind of atom is called Elements.

An element is a pure substance made up of only one kind of atom. A compound is substance made up some of more than  one element. in some of the elements atoms are joined in groups of two or more called as molecule . example : oxygen is an element made up of only one kind of atom that is oxygen atoms. there are 118 known elements , and are represented on the periodic table.

Thus, A substance made up of only one kind of atom is called Elements.

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Balloons can be used to mimic the morphologies of covalently bound chemical molecules. Many students struggle to visualize the shapes. The balloons are superior (and less expensive) than typical ball and stick model kits. The balloons in this exercise represent pairs of electron-electron clouds, not atoms.

Each balloon is an electron domain (either a bonded pair or a lone pair of electrons) that surrounds a core atom. When balloons are linked, they spontaneously adopt the lowest energy structure suggested by the VSEPR model.

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Avogadro's Number:

Avogadro's number, which is equal to 6.02214076 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex], is the quantity of units in one mole of any material. Hence, 1 mole of HBrO3 will contain

6.02214076 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms.

Then, 0.009567 mole of HBrO3 will contain

= 0.009567 moles x 6.02214076 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms

=  0.0576138 x    [tex]10^{23}[/tex]  atoms = 5.761 x [tex]10^{21}[/tex] atoms.

Hence, 0.009567 mole of HBrO3 will contain 5.761 x [tex]10^{21}[/tex] atoms.

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Answer:

Cutting hair is a physical change since it doesn't change the substance its still hair

bending a paper clips since it's also the same substance

Ice cube melting

Explanation:

All of these are physical change since there reversible and they all still stay the same substance

A negatively charged core nucleus and one or more orbiting electrons make up an atom. There may be the positively charged, somewhat massive protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus. Atoms are the basic building blocks of stuff.

In a neutral atom, there are exactly as many electrons as protons. The total number of protons and neutrons in the atom's nucleus is equal to the mass number (M) of the atom. The difference between the atomic number and the mass number of the atom (M) is equal to the amount of neutrons (Z).

Absorption is the process by which an atom transitions from its ground state to an excited state by absorbing energy from its environment. After absorbing the energy, the electron advances to a higher energy state. Up the opposite process, called emission, the electron releases the excess energy it had taken in and goes back to its ground state.

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Answer:

This arrangement is called a giant ionic lattice .

Forming ionic compounds -

Answer: It form ionic bond.

Explanation: It forms when atoms of a metallic element give up electrons to atoms of a nonmetallic element. Ionic bonds form only between metals and nonmetals. That's because metals “want” to give up electrons, and nonmetals “want” to gain electrons.

The density of an object is 3.52g/cc

What is density ?

The density of a substance indicates how dense it is in a given area. Mass per unit volume is the definition of a material's density. In essence, density is a measurement of how closely stuff is packed. It is a particular physical characteristic of a specific thing. The Greek scientist Archimedes made the discovery of the density principle. If you are familiar with the formula and the relevant units, calculating density is simple. Density is represented by the symbol, alternatively it can be written as the letter D.

d = M/V

d = density

M = mass

V = volume

d = 26.4/7.5 = 3.52g/cc

The density of an object is 3.52g/cc

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a.) 5.34102 Zn(cu)2 molecules are formed.

b.) The mass of Zn(cu)2 formed is 10.41 g at 117.44 g/mol

The entire numbers next to each component of the reaction should be noted because they will be necessary for the stoichiometric calculations that follow:

K[ag(CN)2] has a molar mass of 199 g/mol.

Zn(Cn)2 has a molar mass of 117.44 g/mol.

6.022 x 1023 molecules per mole is Avogadro's number.

a.)

35.27 g* (199 g/1 mol) x (1 mol Zn(Cn)2/ 2 mol K[Ag(CN)2]) x

(6.0221023 molecules/mol) = 5.341022 Zn(Cn)2 molecules.

b.)

35.27 g x (199 g/1 mol) x (1 mol Zn(Cn)2/ 2 mol K[Ag(CN)2]) x

Zn(Cn)2 equals 10.41 g at (117.44 g/mol).

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From ores like k[ag(CN)2], silver is frequently removed before being recovered by reaction and 5.34102 Zn(Cu)2 molecules are formed and the masses of Zn(Cu)2 formed is 10.41 g at 117.44 g/mol.

It is important to take notice of the whole numbers next to each reaction component because the following stoichiometric calculations will require them:

The molar mass of K[ag(CN)2] is 199 g/mol.

The molar mass of Zn(Cn)2 is 117.44 g/mol

Avogadro's number is 6.022 x 1023 molecules per mole.

a.) 35.27 g* (1 mol Zn(Cn)2/ 2 mol K[Ag(CN)2]) x (199 g/1 mol) x

5.341022 Zn(Cn)2 molecules =

6.0221023 molecules/mol.

b.) 35.27 g x (1 mol Zn(Cn)2/ 2 mol K[Ag(CN)2]) x (199 g/1 mol) x

10.41 g of Zn(Cn)2 are,

= 117.44 g/mol.

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Answer:

sp³-s sigma bond.

Hope that was the answer