The exhaled air incorporates extra carbon dioxide due to the fact the carbon dioxide produced in the course of respiration is removed out of the frame because the exhaled air throughout the method of respiration.
Whilst we exhale, we breathe out less oxygen but greater carbon dioxide than we inhale. The carbon we breathe out as carbon dioxide comes from the carbon in the food we eat.
For that reason, inhalation is while we take in air containing oxygen. similarly, exhalation is whilst we give out air rich in carbon dioxide. they're the basic process of respiration. expanded muscle hobby manner multiplied use of oxygen, elevated production of glucose-forming ATP and, consequently, elevated ranges of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells into the blood.
Exhaled air which incorporates: greater carbon dioxide produced as a waste manufactured from energy manufacturing. less oxygen as it has been used in respiration.
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Some disease-causing microbes attack the body by turning on or off specific signal transduction pathways. In the disease cholera, the bacterium vibrio cholerae causes massive diarrhea by interfering with such a pathway. A toxin from this bacterium enters intestinal cells and chemically modifies g proteins. Once modified, the g proteins can no longer cleave gtp into gdp. What would you expect to see within the intestinal cells of a person with cholera?.
The G proteins in the interstitial cells remain activated and continually activate adenylyl cyclase.
In order to react to environmental cues of any stress, such as the attachment of a pathogen, signal transduction pathways enable the binding of extracellular signaling molecules (like epinephrine) to the cells. As a defense against the disease-causing bacteria, the adrenal glands release adrenaline. These hormones stimulate a response by binding proteins such as G-proteins to receptors on the cell surface. This pathway is activated by disease-causing microorganisms in response to an attack.
Cholera in humans is brought on by the gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Adenyl cyclase is stimulated by an active G-protein to produce cyclic AMP molecules. Chloride-ion channels are activated by cAMP by activating protein kinase A (PKA), which also inhibits sodium-hydrogen antiporters. This produces watery diarrhea by causing the loss of sodium chloride and water into the lumen of the digestive tract.
A straight forward columnar epithelium that is folded to create a variety of invaginations, or crypts, embedded in the connective tissue, lines the surface of the gastrointestinal system.
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There are vast stores of OFganic matter in the soils of northern coniferous forests and tundra around the world. Suggest an explanation for why scientists who study global warming are closely monitoring these stores (see Figure 55.15 ).
There are vast stores of organic matter in the soils of northern coniferous forests and tundra around the world. Suggest an explanation for scientists studying global warming are closely monitoring these stores higher temperatures lead to faster decomposition, and organic matter in these soils could be quickly decomposed to CO2, speeding up global warming.
The aid of manipulating the level of the factors of hobby, such as phosphorus availability or soil moisture, and measuring responses by number one producers. The strength glide is the quantity of power that actions along the meals chain. This energy float is also known as calorific waft.
The energy flows through the producers to the pinnacle purchaser and gets transferred to the nutrient cycle. thus, the power goes with the flow takes place in one-of-a-kind paperwork and not in a systemic cycle therefore the term power flow is used in preference to strength cycle. these include sun strength enter, temperature and moisture degrees carbon dioxide levels, nutrient availability, and community interactions.
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which of the following statements is true? answer: which of the following statements is true? the process of diffusion can be reversed, but only if a strong force is applied. the process of osmosis can be reversed by altering the pressure gradient. the process of osmosis can occur in the absence of a selectively permeable membrane. the process of diffusion cannot take place without a membrane present.
The process of osmosis can be reversed by altering or changing the pressure gradient is referred to as the true statement and is therefore denoted as option B.
What is Diffusion?This is defined as the net movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration and doesn't need the presence of a membrane for it to occur.
Osmosis on the other hand requires the presence of a selectively permeable membrane and the process can be reversed by changing the pressure gradient which is therefore why option B was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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Total flight height can be considered to be a measure of the total energy required to break open a whelk. Why is this value lower for a platform set at 5 meters than for one at 2 or 15 meters?
The value of the overall flight height is obtained by multiplying the average drops to break open whelks and height by one another.
Due to the increased number of flights necessary to break the whelk, the energy needed at lesser heights, like two metres, will be higher.
What kind of link do you think exists between total flight height and drop height?At the lowest and highest drop heights, total flight height is greater than at the mid-range drop heights. The amount of energy needed to open a whelk may be calculated from total flight height.
The pilot may adjust the yaw, pitch, and roll of the aircraft by using levers and buttons.
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what did the dna look like? relate its chemical structure to how it looks when lots of it is clumped together.
When lots of it is clumped together, the DNA looked like spider webs.
When clumped, it looked like thin and long fibers. It happens because the molecular structure of DNA is long and narrow.
The DNA clumps together when the molecules are insoluble (unable to dissolve).
When molecules don't dissolve, they clump together, and become visible.
As DNA is insoluble in the ethanol solution so biologists used ethanol to see DNA.
When added into ethanol, DNA strands clump together and then become visible to the human eye.
When you conduct an experiment, you will see a stringy white mass floating in ethanol solutions.
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Explain what it means to say weather and climate shape populations, communities, and ecosystems
Suppose males in the first mating had a mutant allele for the dominant trait of smaller eyes. What fraction of the females would produce some offspring with smaller eyes?
The fraction of the females would produce some offspring with smaller eyes depending on heterozygous female mates with the impacted male, a big part of the females express small eye character, while others will have a kidney-molded eye.
A dominant trait is a trait that will in general communicate itself thoughts as a phenotypic character when present in either alleles or both. For this situation, the mutation that caused more modest eyes in males is acting as a prevailing characteristic because of first mating demonstrating that it very well may be sex-connected or heterozygous.
Bar eye mutation in drosophila is sex-linked as it is an X-linked change. This prompts bar eyes or little eyes of drosophila. In the main mating, the males that have an allele for the bar eye communicated phenotype as small eyes.
The female drosophila, heterozygous state of this allele brings about kidney bean-formed eyes. The bar eye character in females is communicated in the homozygous condition. Subsequently, this characteristic is semi-prevailing. The females that have the homozygous condition for the bar eye transformation would communicate the small eye or bar eye character.
As the quality is predominant, the person is communicated in homozygous females with the prevailing person. In the event that two heterozygous female mates with the impacted male, a big part of the females express small eye character, while others will have a kidney-molded eye.
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what functional feature(s) does the phosphate group contribute to the structure of a phospholipid? select all that apply. what functional feature(s) does the phosphate group contribute to the structure of a phospholipid?select all that apply. place to attach another small charged molecule place where bonds can form between adjoining phospholipids negative charge to interact with water place to attach fatty acids nonpolar group that avoids water
The functional feature that the phosphate group contribute to the structure of a phospholipid are:
place to attach another small charged moleculenegative charge to interact with waterWhat are phospholipids?Phospholipids refers to the lipid molecules in the cells of living organisms which contain phosphate groups.
Phospholipids are important molecules in the living organisms are they paly several important roles in living organisms.
One of the most common roles of phospholipids is in the formation of the membranes of cells and cell organelles.
Phospholipids form the lipid bilayer of cell membranes of living organism.
Also phospholipids also serve as signal molecules.
The phosphate group in phospholipids gives the phospholipid polarity due to the charge in the phosphate group.
In conclusion, phospholipids are polar due to the charge on the phosphate group.
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Which part of the electrocardiogram (ecg) would most be affected by abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles?
QRS wave part of the electrocardiogram (ECG) would most be affected by abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles.
The QRS complex can be used to pinpoint the timing of this event since it symbolizes the mechanical impact of ventricular contraction. Three sections make up the QRS complex: Q, R, and S. The Q wave, the first positive voltage section, signals the start of the QRS complex. This signal often emanates from the area of the chest closest to the heart and moves outward toward the limbs. The R wave, the second positive voltage section, comes after the Q wave. This signal, which comes from the ventricles but is also known as the frontal plane axis on the surface electrocardiogram, points in the direction of the current flow (ECG). The last segment of negative voltage is the S wave, which comes last. In opposition to the first positive signal, this signal comes to an end at the heart wall.
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In the nitrogen cycle, different forms of nitrogen move through all of earth’s subsystems. which step in the nitrogen cycle shows how nitrogen moves from the atmosphere to the geosphere?
The process of nitrification in nitrogen cycle in which the nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert inert nitrogen in the atmosphere to nitrates in the soil.
The nitrogen cycle is a biogeochemical process through which inert nitrogen is converted into more usable forms such as nitrites and nitrates. Nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted to various forms to maintain a balance in the ecosystem. It involves five main steps through which atmospheric nitrogen is first moved to the geoshpere and then back to the atmosphere. The five main steps are: nitrogen fixation, nitrification, assimilation, ammonification and dentrification.
The nitrogen cycle is important for plants to absorb an essential nutrient for their growth. Nitrogen cannot be taken up by plants from the atmosphere. Therefore, nitrogen needs to be present in the soil so that the plants can consume it through roots.
Inert nitrogen present in the atmosphere is converted into nitrates in the soil (in the geosphere) through symbiotic bacteria such as Nitrosomonas bacteria. Nitrates are absorbed by plants and are delivered back to the atmosphere through dentrification.
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j.r. mcneill and william h. mcneill, the human web: a bird’s eye view of world history (norton, 2003)
J. R. McNeill and William H. McNeill the human web: a bird’s eye view of world history and a revealing framework of analysis.
Human webs are demonstrated by J. R. McNeill and William H. McNeill to be an essential element of world history and an insightful analytical framework. The McNeills give us a synthesising picture of the major trends in world history in a comprehensive, open-ended, and succinct explanation while avoiding any environmental or cultural determinism.These kinds of world-historical issues, which have been the focus of important books by Jared Diamond, David Landes, and others, are particularly important right now as international tensions rise. Two renowned historians, a father and son, explore the webs that have bound people together in patterns of interaction and exchange, collaboration and competition, since the beginning of time in a passionate and novel contribution to this accelerating conversation.To learn more about human web.
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Typically, the United States is referred to as having a mixed economy. Which two characteristics BEST illustrate the United States
acting as a command economy?
The two traits that mark United States as a Command Economy are;
Many commodities and services are controlled or largely controlled by the United States government, including education, courts, highways, hospital care, and mail delivery. Private persons, for example, cannot lawfully supply or acquire some sorts of items, such as cocaine, haggis, raw milk (in some areas), and the majority of flavored cigarettes. Other items receive high taxes in order to discourage their consumption.Also private enterprises in the United States must register with government authorities, and many professions, such as funeral attendants, auctioneers, private detectives, makeup artists, hairstylists, real estate agents, and financial advisers, can only function with government-approved licenses.
Hence in the above ways, the US government has elements of a Command Economy.
What are the advantages of a Command Economy?The benefits of a command economy include
low levels of inequality and unemployment, as well as the shared goal of replacing profit with equality as the major motivator for production.Command economies include disadvantages such as a lack of competition, which can lead to a lack of innovation and efficiency.
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Plot blood pressure against time for one cardiac cycle in humans, drawing separate lines for the pressure in the aorta, the left ventricle, and the right ventricle. Below the time axis, add a vertical arrow pointing to the time when you expect a peak in atrial blood pressure.
The expansion of the aorta causes a rise in blood volume and blood pressure.
What is the cardiac cycle?Heartbeat pattern The cardiac cycle includes all of the physiological processes connected to a single pulse, including the electrical, muscular (pressures and volumes), sensory, and other activities. During each cardiac cycle, both ventricles and atria beat alternately.
Briefing:The human heart's cardiac cycle includes two phases: ventricular relaxation and atrial contraction. The right ventricle has low pressure when the right ventricular systolic pressure is frequently less than 30 mm Hg. The left ventricle has a thicker wall and more muscle mass than the right ventricle as a result of the blood flowing at a high pressure. The expansion of the aorta causes a rise in blood volume and blood pressure.
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what kinds of cells a brush frog has?
The most common element in living organisms is
O Hydrogen
O Helium
O Oxygen
O Carbon
Answer:
Oxygen
Explanation:
Oxygen is right answer.
Sperm are produced by the _____ at a rate of several hundred million a day and are ejaculated in the semen at sexual climax
Sperm are produced by the testes at a rate of several hundred million a day and are ejaculated in the semen at sexual climax
Sperm develop in the testicles within the system of the tiny tubes called as the seminiferous tubules. At birth, these tubules that contain simple round cells. During the puberty, the testosterone and other hormones cause these cells to transform into the sperm cells During the spermatogenesis, your testicles make about several million sperm per day — about 1,500 per second. By the end of the full sperm production cycle, you can get regenerate up to 8 billion sperm. This may seem like that overkill, but you release anywhere from about 20 to 300 million sperm in cells in a single milliliter of the semen
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sentinel lymph node biopsy versus elective neckdissection in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavitywith a clinically n0 neck: systematic review andmeta-analysis of prospective studies
To compare overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between patrol lymph node biopsy (SNB) and elective neck dissection (END) in the surgical control of cT1-2N0 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).
What is the distinction between sentinel nodes and axillary nodes?
Axillary lymph nodes are current in the underarm or the axilla. Sentinel lymph nodes are the lymph nodes into which breast cancer is more likely to apply first. Therefore, sentinel node biopsy is used to check the axillary lymph nodes for the spreading of breast cancer.
What occurs after sentinel lymph node reduction?
After a sentinel node biopsy, numerous people have no side effects. Some people have pain or injuring at the cut (incision) and feel tired. Your breast and underarm area may be barely swollen.
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When using your arms to lower yourself into a chair, you bend your arms without using your biceps. Explain how this is possible. (Hint: Think about gravity as an antagonistic force.)
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A differential interference contrast microscope uses __________ to examine a specimen. which type of microscope would one use to examine the internal structure of a nucleolus?
A differential interference contrast microscope uses light to examine a specimen. The microscope used to examine the structure of the nucleolus is a transmission electron microscope.
What is an electron microscope?The electron microscope achieves extraordinarily high resolution by illuminating the object of investigation with an electron beam rather than a light beam. A specimen with a thickness of up to one micrometer can be imaged using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Compared to TEMs, high-voltage electron microscopes operate at substantially greater voltages.
A picture of the specifics of the surface structure is constructed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), which scans an electron beam over the surface of a solid object. In contrast to the SEM, the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is suitable for studying damp objects, including certain live creatures. It can provide a scanned picture of a specimen in an atmosphere.
Therefore, a transmission electron microscope will be used for examining the nucleolus.
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Which of the following statements is true about the difference between paraphrasing and summarizing a text?
A paraphrase and a summary both restate the author's words in your own way, but a summary is longer.
A paraphrase is a breaking down of a text to its essential ideas; a summary contains the original thoughts of the author.
A paraphrase is shorter than the original text; a summary is the same length as the original text.
A paraphrase restates the author's words; a summary expresses the central idea of a text.
Answer: A paraphrase and a summary both restate the author's words in your own way, but a summary is longer.
Explanation:
The answer is D
Phrase: Restates the authors words and is about the same length as the original text.
Summary: Expresses the central idea of a text. It's also shorter than the original text.
answers are entered in the cells with gray backgrounds. cells with non-gray backgrounds are protected and cannot be edited.
The cells with gray backgrounds. cells with non-gray backgrounds are protected and cannot be edited by using LIFO Prepaid Cell Phones.
Non-gray background cells are locked and cannot be changed. An incorrect response will have a red asterisk (*) next to it or below it. a straight line approach Method of double-declining-balance: On July 1, 28, Razor Sharp Company paid $48,6 to purchase tool sharpening equipment. The equipment was predicted to have a three-year usable life and a $3, residual value.
Assuming that a perpetual inventory system is in operation, calculate the cost of goods sold for each sale using the LIFO approach, as well as the inventory balance following each sale, and present the information in the format shown in Exhibit 4.
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where do i put these?
Hydrogen atom in the center and oxygen atom in small circle. the slanting line is covalent bond above hydrogen is the area of positive charge and below is area of negative charge.
Molecules are created when atoms come together. Two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom make up the three atoms that make up a water molecule. Because of this, water is occasionally abbreviated as H2O. There are billions of water molecules in a single drop of liquid. A water molecule has two poles: a positive charge on the hydrogen pole (side) and a negative charge on the oxygen pole due to the unequal sharing of electrons between the atoms and the asymmetrical form of the molecule (side). This polarity causes water molecules to naturally attract and adhere to one another, creating a hydrogen bond.
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Explain why adaptations of particular organisms to interspecific competition may not necessarily represent instances of character displacement. What would a researcher have to demonstrate about two competing species to make a convincing case for character displacement?
Adaptation to interspecific competition may not necessarily represent instances of character displacement because the species with inferior adaptive skills may disappear.
When does character displacement occur?Character displacement is a slow evolutionary process in which a species acquires new adaptations to survive, but it is not the case when all available resources are taken by another competitive species living in the same area.
In conclusion, adaptation to interspecific competition may not necessarily represent instances of character displacement because the species with inferior adaptive skills may disappear.
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Given the latitudinal differences in sunlight intensity (see Figure 52.3 ), how might you expect the carrying capacity of plant species found at the equator to compare with that of plant species found at high latitudes?
Considering all other factors to be equal, you would anticipate that a plant species will have a higher carrying capacity in the equator than at high latitudes due to the greater amount of incident sunlight there.
What is Species Diversity?Diversity is highest when all species are equally plentiful in the area. "Species diversity is defined as the number of different species present in an ecosystem and the relative abundance of each of those species. The three categories of biodiversity are as follows: Genetic Biodiversity. Animal diversity. Biodiversity in the environment.
Why is species diversity important ?Stability increases with biodiversity in ecosystems, species, and people. For instance, species with several populations that are adapted to a wide range of environments and significant genetic diversity are more likely to be able to withstand disturbances, illness, and climate change.
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Explain why salicylate-induced hyperventilation leads to the values of po2 and pco2 symptoms seen in the patient.
Salicylate-induced hyperventilation leads to the values of po2 and pco2 symptoms seen in the patient by stimulating the respiratory system.
What is hyperventilation about?Rapid or deep breathing, or hyperventilation, is typically brought on by anxiety or stress. It's possible that this excessive breathing, as it's frequently termed, will make you feel out of breath. You breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
Breathing that is faster and deeper than usual is referred to as hyperventilation. It results in a decrease in blood carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. You can have dizziness as a result. Additionally, you can feel out of breath and have a rapid heartbeat.
Salicylates promote hyperventilation by stimulating the respiratory system. When carbon dioxide levels fall too low, this results in respiratory alkalosis. Blood pH rises when oxygen levels rise and H2CO3 levels fall. Hyperventilation results from an unbalanced CO2 and oxygen level in the blood. Changing the proteins in the blood will result in this issue since pH changes affect protonation and deprotonation. The function of a protein will change if its structure changes.
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Nuclear medicine uses gamma rays to diagnose conditions. why is nuclear medicine considered to be relatively safe?
Radiation is used in nuclear medicine to diagnose conditions affecting a person's specific organs or to treat them. Radioisotope-based diagnostic methods are becoming commonplace.
Some medical disorders, particularly cancer, can be treated using radiotherapy, which use radiation to weaken or kill specific targeted cells.
Over 40 million nuclear medical procedures are performed each year, and the demand for radioisotopes is growing at a pace of up to 5%.
Another significant application for radioisotopes is the sterilization of medical equipment.
The use of radiation and radioisotopes in medicine and other fields is widely known.
The characteristics of naturally decaying atoms, known as radioisotopes, give rise to several applications across many fields of modern life (see also information paper on The Many Uses of Nuclear Technology).
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All of the following are a part of the current cell theory except
large organisms have fewer cells
all living things are made of cells
new cells are produced from old cells
the cell is the basic unit of living things
Answer:
All of the following are a part of the current cell theory except large organisms have fewer cells.
Hope this helps :)
Explanation:
The cell theory states all of the other three choices except for the first one, "large organisms have fewer cells."
Cell theory, first proposed in the mid-19th century, states that cells are the basic structural/organizational unit of all creatures and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Therefore, option (A) is not part of cell theory.
What is cell theory?Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann developed the Cell theory. In 1838, German botanist Matthias Schleiden found that all plants have cells. British zoologist Theodor Schwann discovered in 1839 that all animals are formed of cells.
The three tenets of the cell theory are as follows:
One or more cells make up the building blocks of every living organism.The fundamental, organizational and operational unit of all living things is called a cell.Every cell in the body originates from a pre-existing cell.Therefore, option (A) that large organisms have fewer cells is not a part of cell theory.
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Select the correct answer. fiber is a complex form of carbohydrate that is indigestible in humans. a. true b. false
True, fiber is a complex form of carbohydrate that is indigestible in humans.
Fiber is a kind of carbohydrate that the body can't digest. Though most carbohydrates are damaged down into sugar molecules named glucose, fiber cannot be broken down into sugar molecules, and instead, it gives via the body undigested.
Which carbohydrate is indigestible to humans?
Dietary fiber is described as an indigestible carbohydrate, and may or may not be fibrous.
What exists an indigestible complex carbohydrate?
Fiber: An indigestible complex carbohydrate that is located in the tough, stringy pieces of vegetables, fruits and whole grains.
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The process of aerobic cellular respiration breaks down a glucose molecule in order to generate a large number of atp molecules. What type of pathway is this?.
Answer:
Catabolic
Explanation:
100% right.
The fats stored in muscle and adipose tissue that play an important role as an energy substrate are?
The fats that stored in muscle and in the adipose tissue that play an important role as an energy substrate are Triglycerides (TGs)
A triglyceride is an ester derived from the glycerol and three fatty acids. the Triglycerides are the main constituents of the body fat in the humans and other vertebrates, as well as in the vegetable fat High triglycerides are the often a sign of other conditions that is increase the risk of the heart disease and the stroke, that including obesity and the metabolic syndrome — a cluster of the conditions that includes too much fat in around the waist, and high blood pressure, high triglycerides, high blood sugar and the abnormal cholesterol levels
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