Quantum Theory proposes electrons may
be found in orbitals, which are based on
what?
Bohr's planetary model
Thompson's Plum Pudding Model
the probability of finding an electron in an
area around the nucleus
The Heisenberg-Rutherford Model

As per the chemical reaction ,sodium hydroxide can be used for neutralization of sulfuric acid as,2 NaOH+H₂SO₄[tex]\rightarrow[/tex]Na₂SO₄ +2 H₂O.

Chemical reactions are defined as reactions which occur when a substance combines with another substance to form a new substance.Alternatively, when a substance breaks down or decomposes to give new substances it is also considered to be a chemical reaction.

There are several characteristics of chemical reactions like change in color, change in state , change in odor and change in composition . During chemical reaction there is also formation of precipitate an insoluble mass of substance or even evolution of gases.

There are three types of chemical reactions:

1) inorganic reactions

2)organic reactions

3) biochemical reactions

During chemical reactions atoms are rearranged and changes are accompanied by an energy change as new substances are formed.

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Volume of 16.0 m aqueous ammonia solution required to prepare 500.0 ml of a 1.90 m solution is 50ml

Molarity is used to describe the concentration of a solution. Molarity, also called molarity, is the number of moles of solute (dissolved substance) per liter of solution. The unit of molarity is moles per cubic decimeter, written as mol dm⁻³ or simply M. A cubic decimeter is the same as a liter. In many old textbooks you can find concentrations in moles/liter written as mol l⁻¹

Original concentration x initial volume = final concentration x final volume.

We will use the equation (M₁)(V₁) = (M₂)(V₂)

Given,

M₁ = 16.0 m

M₂ = 1.90 m

V₂ = 500.0 ml or 0.5L

So, 16 × V₁ = 1.90 ×  0.5

16 V₁ = 0.9 m

V₁ = [tex]\frac{0.9}{16}[/tex]

V₁ = 0.05L or 50ml

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The percent ionization in the nitrous acid solution is 1.97% before, and 0.0999% after the addition of sodium nitrate, which lowered the ionization 19.7 times.

To calculate percent ionization, we need to use the expression for the acidity constant of nitrous acid:

[tex]Ka = \frac{[H^{+} ][NO_{2} ^{-} ]}{[HNO_{2} ]}[/tex]

Ka - acidity constant (for nitrous acid, 7.1 * 10⁻⁴)

[H⁺] - concentration of H⁺ ions

[NO₂⁻] - concentration of nitrite ions

[HNO₂] - concentration of unionized nitrous acid

[H⁺] = [NO₂⁻]

[HNO₂] = 1.80 M - X

[tex]7.1 * 10^{-4} = \frac{X^{2} }{1.80 - X}[/tex]

When we transform the equation above, we get a quadratic equation:

X² + 7.1 * 10⁻⁴X - 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ = 0

Once we solve for X, we get:

X = 0.0354 M

Because the concentration of H⁺ ions (X) is equal to the concentration of the ionized nitrous acid, the percent ionization will be:

%ion = 100% * X / 1.80 M

%ion = 100% * 0.0354 M / 1.80 M

%ion = 1.97%

The second calculation is actually easier because we can safely assume that, with added sodium nitrite, all nitrite ions come from the salt, and the amount coming from the acid is negligible. With that in mind, the expression for the acidity constant will look like this:

[tex]7.1 * 10^{-4} = \frac{X * 0.71 }{1.80 M - X}[/tex]

When rearranged, we get this equation:

0.71 * X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M - 7.1 * 10⁻⁴X

0.71071 X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M

X = 12.78 * 10⁻⁴ M / 0.71071

X = 0.001798 M

%ion = 100% * 0.001798 M / 1.80 M

%ion = 0.0999%

So the addition of sodium nitrite resulted in 1.97 / 0.0999 = 19.7 times lower ionization of the nitrous acid.

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Answer:

Smaller Atomic Radius, High Ionization Affinity, and High Electron Affinity

[Note:  It is Br2, not B2, the bomber]

Explanation:

a) Smaller Atomic Radius  YES  Each of these elements have a high number of electrons that nearly fill the lower energy orbitals, forcing the protons in the nucleus to cluster togeter more tightly.

b) High Metallic Character NO

c) High Ionization Energy    YES  - They want to keep their electrons, so the ionization energy is high.

d) High Electron Affinity  YES  They attract electons from anything that comes nearby.

The element that has in its family non-metals, metalloids, and metals, which is commonly used in the canning business and sometimes give soups a distinct taste and that is also been known to "cry" if you bend it too hard is tin.

What is tin?

Tin is a chemical element found in the periodic table with atomic number 50 and which has the symbol Sn.

The characteristics of tin include:

Because of its high resistance to corrosion and soft nature, tin has been used for a wide variety of purposes which include:

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(b) electronegativity decreases left to right across the periodic table

Electronegativity increases from left to right in a period across the periodic table.

Electronegativity is a relative property that defines the tendency to attract shared pair of electrons. It is a unitless parameter that is calculated by different formulae.

Pauling scale is widely used to calculate the electronegativity values of a covalent bond. e.g. F = 4.0, Cl = 3.0, etc.

⇒Electron affinity decreases from top to bottom in the periodic table.

⇒Atomic radii decrease from left to right in the periodic table.

⇒Ionization energy decreases from top to bottom in the periodic table.

The molar mass of the acid is  65 g/mol.

We know that the term neutralization is applied to the reaction between an ad and a base that produces salt and water only. In this case, we have been told that  a monoprotic weak acid required 22. 50 ml of 0. 510 m sodium hydroxide to titrate it.

Let us recall that by the principle of the stoichiometry of the chemical reactions, the reaction between sodium hydroxide and a monoprotic acid has to be one is to one and we have to bear this in mind.

Thus;

Number of moles of sodium hydroxide = 22. 50/1000 L *  0. 510  M

= 0.0115 moles

This implies that 0.0115 moles of the acid was required also.

Since;

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

Molar mass =  mass/Number of moles

Molar mass =  0. 75 g /0.0115 moles

= 65 g/mol

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Type of evidence can be pulled from both a computer and a portable device is images, text history, GPS coordinates

Computer is the machine that can store and process the information and it is an electronic device that manipulate information or data and type of  evidence can be pulled and collected from digital device is

The above all examples of information that can obtained from electric devices

Therefore, the digital evidence can be pulled from both a computer and a portable device is  images, text history, GPS coordinates

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Fungal digestive enzymes are most likely to appear within the food source soon thereafter. Mycelium has a porous structure made up of tubular filaments known as hypha.

Every single mycelium fiber is made up of an array of slender cells that are separated by cross walls, known as septum, and are all enclosed within the same cell wall. Tiny holes in the septum allow nutrients, water, and other small molecules, as well as mycelium fiber, to move quickly from cell to cell. Mycorrhizae are symbiotic relationships that fungi and plants form. Fungi colonize the root system of a host plant, increasing water and nutrient absorption, while the plant provides carbohydrates formed by photosynthesis to the fungus.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Fungal haustoria are most likely to appear in the food source shortly after a mycelium invades an untapped source of dead organic matter.

What do fungal haustoria do?

A specialized fungal hypha that breaks through the wall of a plant cell and expands inside of it creates a haustorium.

The haustorium is encircled by an extrahaustorial membrane, a thickened version of the plant cell plasma membrane, rather than being situated inside the cytoplasm of the plant cell.

Are haustoria produced by fungi?

All significant divisions of fungi create haustoria.

There are various types of haustoria.

Generally, the fungus increases the surface area in contact with the host plasma membrane upon penetration and releases enzymes that disintegrate the cell walls, allowing for a greater potential transfer of organic carbon from the host to the fungus.

What kind of structure is a haustoria?

Haustoria are incredibly diverse plant parasite structures.

Haustoria are visible on exposed roots in root parasites.

At the location of contact between the parasite and the host, they manifest as swollen tissue.

In dodders, haustoria are structures that connect the host and parasite and have the appearance of pegs or suction cups.

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Taking into account the definition of dilution, the volume of the 2.00 M stock solution of KCl needed to produce the solution is 56.25 mL.

When it is desired to prepare a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated one, it is called dilution. It is accomplished by simply adding more solvent to the solution at the same amount of solute.

The amount of solute does not change, but as more solvent is added, the concentration of the solute decreases, as the volume of the solution increases.

A dilution is mathematically expressed as:

Ci×Vi = Cf×Vf

where

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the definition of dilution:

2 M× Vi= 0.450 M× 0.250 L

Solving:

Vi= (0.450 M× 0.250 L)÷ 2 M

Vi= 0.05625 L= 56.25 mL (being 1 L= 1000 mL)

In summary, 56.25 mL of stock solution are needed.

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Answer: An ionic bond.

Explanation:An ionic bond is the force of attraction that holds together positive and negative ions. It forms when atoms of a metallic element give up electrons to atoms of a nonmetallic element. Ionic bonds form only between metals and nonmetals

We have to calculate the moles of PCl₅ in the given gram. divide the gram by molar mass. the number of moles is 0.267 moles

What is mole?

The mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12.

To find out the number of moles using the following formula.

mole = mass/molarmass

The molar mass of the PCl₅ = molar mass of phasphorus+ 5x molar mass of chlorine.
The molar mass of the PCl₅= 208.24 g/mol
mole = 55.7g÷208.24g/mol =0.267 moles

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Mole measure the number of elementary entities of a given substance that are present in a given sample. mass. The number of moles in 55.7 g of PCl₅ is 0.26 mole.

The SI unit of amount of substance in chemistry is mole. The mole is used to measure the quantity or amount of substance. We know one mole of any element contains 6.022×10²³ atoms which is also called Avogadro number.

Mathematically,

mole =given mass ÷ molar mass

Molar mass of PCl₅= 208.24 g/mol

Given mass of PCl₅=  55.7 g

Substituting the given values we get

mole =55.7 g ÷208.24 g/mol

number of moles=0.26 mole

Therefore,  the number of moles in 55.7 g of PCl₅ is 0.26 mole.

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1) Grams of lead.

Convert grams of lead (II) nitride to moles of lead (II) nitride

Convert moles of lead (II) nitride into moles of Pb

Convert moles of Pb into grams of Pb

There is 31.64 g of ions of lead in the sample of paint.

The [tex]K_{a}[/tex] of phenylacetic acid is  4.76008×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex], when the pH of the solution is 2.62.

As we know,

pH = -log[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]]

[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = [tex]10^{-pH}[/tex]

[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = [tex]10^{-2.62}[/tex]

[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = 2.39×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex]

Also to find [tex]K_{a}[/tex] of phenylacetic acid we know another relation as:

[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = [tex]\sqrt{K_{a} .c}[/tex]

2.39×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex] =  [tex]\sqrt{K_{a} .0.12}[/tex]

[tex]K_{a}[/tex] = 4.76008×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]

Therefore, the [tex]K_{a}[/tex] of phenylacetic acid is  4.76008×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex], when the pH of the solution is 2.62.

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Alanine is a member of the twenty key amino acids which might be used by our bodies to make proteins: Pyrrolysine (not utilized in human protein synthesis). of those 20 amino acids, nine amino acids are crucial: Phenylalanine. Valine. Tryptophan.

Alanine is an amino acid that is used to make proteins. it's miles used to break down tryptophan and diet B-6. it's miles a source of power for muscle mass and the central fearful gadget. It strengthens the immune device and helps the frame use sugars.

Alanine, or α-alanine, is an α-amino acid this is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an amine organization and a carboxylic acid organization, both connected to the valuable carbon atom which also contains a methyl institution facet chain. Alanine is an amino acid this is used to make proteins. it's miles used to interrupt down tryptophan and diet B-6. it's miles a supply of electricity for muscle tissue and the critical apprehensive gadget. It strengthens the immune system and allows the frame to use sugars.

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The element that is able to gain electrons and form an ionic bond is Iodine.

The term ionic bond has to do with the kind of bond that is formed between a metal and a non metal. In this type of bond, there is a transfer of electrons from the metal to the non metal. s such the metal would become positively charged while the non metal would become negatively charged as we can see in the crystal of the ionic compound.

We just have to look at the string of elements that we have been given because, this is how we can be able to make a decision about which of the elements would be able to gain an electron. While doing this, we must keep in kind that it is only the non metal that are able to gain electron within the context of forming an ionic bond.

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Missing parts;

Based on its electron configuration which element will most likely gain electrons from another element when forming an ionic compound? Potassium , Vanadium, Iodine, Xenon

i don't know if you mean C° to F° but in F° the change would be 123.8°

Thus, the consumption of 3 L of O₂ will produce 1.5 L of CO₂.

Methane is non-toxic and poses no danger when inhaled in small amounts, but if significant amounts of the gas are allowed to replace air, the lack of oxygen could cause suffocating.

In the reaction, CH₄+2O₂⇒CO₂+2H₂O

2 moles of O₂ consumption will produce 1 mole of CO₂.

In the gaseous phase, the relationship between the amount of compound and the volume is:  PV=nRT

The volume and the amount of the gaseous compound are proportionate at the same temperature and pressure.

Thus, the consumption of 3 L of O₂ will produce 1.5 L of CO₂.

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Answer: Yes

Explanation: More reactive metals in the reactivity series can displace copper from copper oxide just leaving copper on its own after the reaction. But usually, carbon is used to displace copper as its safe and more reactive.

There is only one sodium ion for every chlorine ion due to its valency.

The number of electrons that an atom needs to lose or gain in order to achieve a stable electron configuration i.e the octet of an element is known as the valency of an element, which serves as a gauge of that element's potential for combining.

The valency of Sodium (Na) is 1 and that of chlorine (Cl) is also one. therefore they combine to form a stable compound. The same rule follows in the compound formed by Potassium (K) and Oxygen(O) also. The valency of oxygen is 2 which means that it should be surrounded by 2 potassium ions to provide electrons to fulfill both the elements' octets.

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Hg2(NO3)2 NaBr will precipitate when combined in an aqueous solution without a catalyst at room temperature.

A solution that uses water as the solvent is said to be aqueous. It is frequently represented in chemical equations by adding to the relevant chemical formula.

To represent a solution of table salt, or sodium chloride, in water, the symbol Na+ + Cl can be used.

In an aqueous solution, liquid water acts as the solvent.

In other words, the ions and molecules that make up the solute (dissolved) are surrounded by the water molecules and incorporated into their web of connections.

The dissolved organisms then spread out across the water.

An aqueous solution is, to put it simply, anything that has dissolved in water.

The water sign represents (aq).

A substance that has been dissolved in water is called an aqueous solution.

Therefore, Hg2(NO3)2 NaBr will precipitate when combined in an aqueous solution without a catalyst at room temperature.

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Answer: The mass percent of copper in copper chloride is 47.23 %.

Answer: 3.6 ml

Hope this helps!

The true statement is: It took the car the same amount of time to travel the first 10 meters as it did to travel the last 10 meters (Option C)

The following data were obtained from the question:

Now, we shall determine the time taken to travel the first 10 m. This is shown below:

Next, we shall determin the time taken to travel the last 10 m. This is shown below:

From the above illlustration, we can see clearly that it took the car the same time to travel the first 10 m and the last 10 m.

Thus, the true statement is option C: It took the car the same amount of time to travel the first 10 meters as it did to travel the last 10 meters

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The N=(tR/σ)2 the number of theoretical plates, the distillation the separation of a mixture of two liquids.

The effectiveness of a column is frequently determined using the number of theoretical plates. The range of plate numbers is 100 to 106. The quality of the separation improves with the number of theoretical plates present in a column because more equilibrations between the stationary and mobile phases are possible.

The effectiveness of a column's column is closely tied to theoretical plates in column chromatography. It can therefore help to increase resolution, which, when all other factors are held constant, is directly proportional to the square root of the number of theoretical plates.

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The mass in grams of 2.73×1024 molecules of methanol is 154.20g.

given that:

no. of molecules = 2.73 × 10²⁴

molar mass of methanol (CH₄O) = 34.04 g/mol

moles of methanol = no. of molecules / Na

                                =  2.73 × 10²⁴ / 6.022× 10²³

                                = 4.53 mol

now, formula for the no. of mole is given as :

no. of moles = mass / molar mass

mass = no. of mole × molar mass

mass = 4.53 ×34.04

mass = 154.20 g

Thus, the mass in grams of  2.73 × 10²⁴ molecules of methanol is 154.20 g

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The orbital diagram shows us the number of electrons that can be found in the atom.

We know that the orbital is a region in pace where there is a high probability of finding the electron. We also know that the filling of the electrons into the respective orbitals where they fall in can be done by the use of the Aufbau principle.

According to the Aufbau principle, it is clear that in the filling of the electrons into the orbitals, the orbitals that are lesser in energy are first filled. The orbitals that are lesser in energy are always found quite close to the nucleus.

This implies that the relative energies of the orbitals would tend to increase as we move away from the nucleus. In other words, the nucleus is the part of the atom that would be at the lowest energy. The orbital diagram of iron by the use of the Aufbau principle have been shown in the image attached to this answer.

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To find the order of a reaction with respect to one reactant, you will monitor the Percentage as the reactant of product is changed.

To determine the reaction order from experimental data, either the differential rate law or the integrated rate law can be used. In the rate law, the exponents are frequently positive integers: 1 and 2 or even 0. As a result, the reactions in each reactant are of zeroth, first, or second order. Changes in the concentration of the reactants or products can be used to calculate the rate. changes in reactant or product mass or volume If the reaction is the result of multiple reaction steps with different orders, the order of the reaction can be changed by adjusting the reagent concentration. Because the order is often ruled by the slowest reaction, you can manipulate the relative reaction speed by varying the concentrations.

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Answer:

Explanation:

You will watch the Percentage when the reactant of the product is changed in order to determine the sequence of a reaction with respect to one reactant.

Either the differential rate law or the integrated rate law can be used to infer the reaction order from experimental data.

The exponents of the rate law are frequently positive numbers, such as 1 and 2 or even 0.

Because of this, each reactant undergoes reactions of the zeroth, first, or second order.

The rate can be calculated using changes in the concentration of the reactants or products.

A change in the reactant, product, or reactant's volume by changing the reagent concentration, the reaction order can be modified if it involves several steps that have been performed in a different sequence.

You can also control the relative reaction speed by changing the concentrations because the order is frequently determined by the slowest reaction.

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0.50 mol of H₂ and 1.0 mol of O₂ have the same average molecular kinetic energy at standard temperature and pressure

Mass of H₂ and O₂ can be found by the formula given below;

m=n × M

mass of H₂= 0.50 × 2= 1g

mass of O₂=1.0 ×16= 16g

The formula to find average kinetic energy is as follows

K=[tex]\frac{3}{2}[/tex]K[tex]B}[/tex]T where K[tex]{B}[/tex]= Boltzmann constant

According to the conditions given above i.e standard temperature and pressure.

K∝T

So it is independent of the quantity of the sample i.e how much the amount of sample is present.  

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Due to the presence of two reactants and a single product, both chemical reactions X and Y are possible.

A synthesis reaction results in the formation of a single product that is more complicated than the initial reactants when two or more reactants are present.

When two or more reactants unite to create a single product, the reaction is called a synthesis. The general equation A + B = AB is used to describe this kind of reaction.

According to the definition of synthesis reactions, two reactants unite to create a chemical. In a synthesis reaction, two or more substances mix chemically to generate a single compound or a product.

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Answer: A

Explanation: It said on Course Hero