Financial ratios for both 2019 and 2020: inventory turnover, day's sales outstanding, fixed assets turnover, total assets turnover, debt-to-assets ratio, time-interest-earned ratio, profitability ratios, and market ratios.
Here's a step-by-step guide:1. Calculate Inventory Turnover: Divide the cost of goods sold by average inventory.2. Calculate Day's Sales Outstanding: Divide accounts receivable by average daily sales.
3. Calculate Fixed Assets Turnover: Divide net sales by average net fixed assets.4. Calculate Total Assets Turnover: Divide net sales by average total assets.
5. Calculate Debt-to-Assets Ratio: Divide total debt by total assets.6. Calculate Time-Interest-Earned Ratio: Divide earnings before interest and taxes by interest expense.
7. Calculate Profitability Ratios: Include gross profit margin, operating profit margin, and net profit margin.8. Calculate Market Ratios: Include price-to-earnings ratio and dividend yield.
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21. Robin Banyan applied for a job at Shane Printing, which is unionized. She was told that she need not join the union and did not have to pay union dues if she did not want to. Shane Printing's labor contract supports a(n) _____ shop.
Based on the information provided, Shane Printing's labor contract supports an "open shop." In an open shop, employees are not required to join the union or pay union dues as a condition of employment.
An open shop is a workplace where employees are not required to join a union as a condition of employment contract . In an open shop, workers have the right to choose whether or not they want to join a union and pay union dues. This is in contrast to a closed shop, where union membership and dues payment are mandatory for all employees, regardless of their personal preferences.
In an open shop, unions still have the ability to represent workers in collective bargaining negotiations and provide other benefits, but they must do so on a voluntary basis. Open shops are often seen as a way to promote individual freedom and choice, while allowing unions to compete for members based on the quality of their services.
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Managers can communicate through a variety of media. Explain why choosing the appropriate medium is important to a manager. Identify at least four forms of media and give pros and cons for each.
Choosing the appropriate medium for communication is crucial for a manager as it affects the effectiveness and efficiency of the communication. If the medium is not appropriate, the message may not be conveyed effectively, leading to confusion, misunderstandings, and delays.
Here are four forms of media that managers can use for communication along with their pros and cons:
1. Email:
Pros -
- It is a fast and convenient way of communicating.
- It allows for detailed explanations.
- It provides a written record of the communication.
Cons -
- It may not be the best medium for urgent matters.
- It may be impersonal.
- It may lead to misinterpretation or miscommunication.
2. Phone:
Pros -
- It allows for immediate feedback.
- It is a more personal way of communicating than email.
- It can help build rapport and relationships.
Cons -
- It may not be the best medium for complex or detailed information.
- It may be difficult to schedule a time to speak.
- It may be interrupted or distracted by external factors.
3. Video Conferencing:
Pros -
- It allows for face-to-face communication.
- It is a useful medium for remote or virtual teams.
- It saves time and travel costs.
Cons -
- It requires a stable internet connection.
- Technical issues may occur, leading to delays or disruptions.
- It may lack the personal touch of in-person communication.
4. In-person Meetings:
Pros -
- It allows for immediate feedback and interaction.
- It allows for nonverbal cues to be observed and interpreted.
- It can help build relationships and trust.
Cons -
- It may be difficult to schedule a time that works for everyone.
- It may require travel or other expenses.
- It may take longer to communicate the same amount of information compared to other media.
In conclusion, choosing the appropriate medium for communication is crucial for managers. They must take into consideration the type of message, urgency, and audience when deciding which medium to use. Each medium has its pros and cons, and managers must weigh them carefully to ensure effective and efficient communication.
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One way to reduce international tensions is to foster global economic growth because:
Fostering global economic growth is a powerful means of reducing international tensions because it promotes cooperation and interdependence among nations.
When countries are economically interconnected, they have a shared interest in maintaining stable relationships and avoiding conflict. Trade and investment create mutual benefits that incentivize nations to work together and resolve disputes peacefully. Furthermore, economic growth can lead to greater opportunities for individuals and communities, reducing the likelihood of unrest and conflict caused by poverty and inequality. By promoting economic development and cooperation, nations can build relationships based on mutual interests and respect, ultimately reducing the likelihood of tensions and conflicts.
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Based on the above income statement data and assuming the company has 20 million shares of common stock outstanding, the company's operating profit margin and EPS wereAssume a company's Income Statement for Year 12 is as follows: Income Statement Data Year 12 (in 000s) Net Revenues from Footwear Sales $ 600,000Cost of Pairs Sold 370,000 Warehouse Expenses 55.000Marketing Expenses 100,000Administrative Expenses 15,000 Operating Profit (Loss) 60,000 Interest Income (Expense) (12,000)Pre-tax Profit (Loss) 48,000 Income Taxes 14,400 Net Profit (Loss) $ 33,600 Based on the above income statement data and assuming the company has 20 million shares of common stock outstanding, the company's operating profit margin and EPS were O 5.60% and $3.00 O 8.0% and $2.40. O 10.0% and $1.68. O 11.7% and $1.68. O 10.0% and $3.00.
The correct answer is option (C): 10.0% and $1.68. This indicates that the company has an operating profit margin of 10.0% and an EPS of $1.68 per share for Year 12.
The operating profit margin is calculated by dividing the operating profit by net revenues from footwear sales. In this case, the operating profit margin would be:
Operating Profit Margin = Operating Profit / Net Revenues from Footwear Sales = $60,000 / $600,000 = 10.0%
To calculate the earnings per share (EPS), we need to divide the net profit by the number of shares outstanding. In this case, the EPS would be:
EPS = Net Profit / Number of Shares Outstanding = $33,600 / 20,000,000 = $0.00168 per share
To convert this to dollars per share, we need to multiply by 100:
EPS = $0.00168 x 100 = $0.168 per share
In this case, the company has an EPS of $1.68, which means that for every share of common stock outstanding, the company has a profit of $1.68 after deducting all expenses and taxes. This is a relatively low EPS, which could be a concern for investors and stakeholders. However, it's worth noting that the EPS can be influenced by a variety of factors, such as the number of shares outstanding, the company's dividend policy, and the overall performance of the stock market. Therefore, it's important to consider the EPS in the context of other financial metrics and market conditions.
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Assume that the share of population employed in all countries is 50 percent. Based on the information in the table, which country has the highest real GDP per capita? Country A B C D E
Population (millions) 100 150 75 250 95
Average Labor Productivity ($) 2,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 60,000 a.Country A b.Country E c.Country B d.Country D
Country E has the highest real GDP per capita.
Assuming that the share of the population employed in all countries is 50 percent, we can calculate the real GDP for each country by multiplying the population, average labor productivity, and the share of the population employed (0.5). Then, we can calculate the real GDP per capita by dividing the real GDP by the population.
Country A:
Real GDP = (100 million * $2,000 * 0.5) = $100 billion
Real GDP per capita = $100 billion / 100 million = $1,000
Country B:
Real GDP = (150 million * $10,000 * 0.5) = $750 billion
Real GDP per capita = $750 billion / 150 million = $5,000
Country C:
Real GDP = (75 million * $25,000 * 0.5) = $937.5 billion
Real GDP per capita = $937.5 billion / 75 million = $12,500
Country D:
Real GDP = (250 million * $50,000 * 0.5) = $6,250 billion
Real GDP per capita = $6,250 billion / 250 million = $25,000
Country E:
Real GDP = (95 million * $60,000 * 0.5) = $2,850 billion
Real GDP per capita = $2,850 billion / 95 million = $30,000
Based on these calculations, Country E has the highest real GDP per capita at $30,000. So, the answer is b. Country E.
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A lottery pays the winner $1 million in 20 equal annual payments of $50,000. The first payment will be made at the end of the second year. What is the present worth if the winner’s annual interest rate is 5.25%? (Answer: $579,680)
To calculate the present worth of the lottery winnings, we need to consider the 20 equal annual payments of $50,000.
The first payment being made at the end of the second year, and an annual interest rate of 5.25%. To find the present worth, we'll use the formula for the present value of an annuity:
PV = P * [(1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r],where PV is the present value, P is the annual payment, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of payments.
In this case, P = $50,000, r = 0.0525, and n = 20. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:PV = 50,000 * [(1 - (1 + 0.0525)^-20) / 0.0525] = $579,680.
Therefore, the present worth of the lottery winnings at a 5.25% annual interest rate is $579,680.
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Information from the U.S. Census Bureau is commonly used as ____ by a variety of agencies and organizations.
a) external secondary data
b) sampling systems
c) primary data
d) internal secondary data
e) hypotheses
The answer is a) external secondary data. The U.S. Census Bureau collects and provides a vast amount of information on demographics, economics, and social trends in the United States.
This information is widely used by various agencies and organizations, such as market research firms, non-profit organizations, and government agencies, as external secondary data. This data is collected by a third party and used by the organization to gain insights into their target market, customer base, or specific population they are interested in. External secondary data is valuable because it is often more cost-effective than conducting primary research, which can be time-consuming and expensive. Additionally, the U.S. Census Bureau data is reliable and has been collected over many years, making it a valuable resource for trend analysis and benchmarking. Overall, the U.S. Census Bureau data is an essential source of external secondary data for many organizations, helping them make informed decisions and plan strategies based on accurate and comprehensive information about the United States population.
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155. The starting point for any career planning and development is the organization. True False
False. The starting point for career planning and development is the individual employee, as it is their personal goals, interests, and skills that need to be assessed and developed.
However, the organization plays a crucial role in providing opportunities, resources, and support for the employee's career growth and development.
Career planning and development is a joint responsibility of both the individual employee and the organization. While the individual employee is responsible for setting personal goals, identifying skills gaps, and taking the necessary steps to improve their skills and knowledge, the organization is responsible for providing opportunities for growth and development, such as job rotations, mentoring programs, and training and development initiatives. By investing in their employees' career development, organizations can increase employee engagement, reduce turnover, and improve overall performance.
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Prepare journal entries to record the following production activities.
1. Transferred completed goods from the Assembly department to finished goods inventory. The goods cost $141,000.
2. Sold $449,000 of goods on credit. Their cost is $152,000.
Record the transfer of goods from the assembly department to finished goods.
Record the sale of goods on credit.
Record the cost of goods sold.
Cost of goods sold:
Cost of goods sold is the cost of goods that are sold to customers either on credit or in cash. Cost of goods sold is calculated by adding beginning balance of inventory, current year purchase and subtracting closing inventory balance
The transfer of goods is recorded by debiting Finished Goods Inventory and crediting Assembly Department. The sale of goods on credit is recorded by debiting Accounts Receivable and crediting Sales Revenue. The cost of goods sold is recorded by debiting Cost of Goods Sold and crediting Finished Goods Inventory.
Here are the journal entries for the given production activities:
1. Transferred completed goods from the Assembly department to finished goods inventory. The goods cost $141,000.
Journal Entry:
Debit: Finished Goods Inventory - $141,000
Credit: Assembly Department - $141,000
2. Sold $449,000 of goods on credit. Their cost is $152,000.
a) Record the sale of goods on credit.
Journal Entry:
Debit: Accounts Receivable - $449,000
Credit: Sales Revenue - $449,000
b) Record the cost of goods sold.
Journal Entry:
Debit: Cost of Goods Sold - $152,000
Credit: Finished Goods Inventory - $152,000
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If a company's leaders reject a communications budgeting method because it would take too long to prepare, odds are the budgeting method is:
A) percentage of sales
B) meet the competition
C) what we can afford
D) objective and task
If a company's leaders reject a communications budgeting method because it would take too long to prepare, odds are the budgeting method is likely to be objective and task. The objective and task budgeting method involves setting communication objectives and then determining the tasks that need to be accomplished to achieve those objectives.
It is a detailed and time-consuming process that requires a significant amount of planning, research, and analysis. This method ensures that the company's communication efforts are aligned with its business goals, target audience, and channels of communication.
Leaders who reject this method, because it takes too long to prepare, are likely to be short-sighted and not fully aware of the benefits of this approach. Objective and task budgeting methods ensure that the company's communication efforts are efficient, effective, and measurable. It also enables the company to prioritize its communication efforts and allocate resources more effectively.
In conclusion, the objective and task budgeting method is a crucial tool for any company that wants to achieve its communication goals. While it may take longer to prepare than other methods, it ensures that the company's communication efforts are aligned with its business goals and audience needs, and are more likely to yield positive results.
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Cedar Fair purchased land; which of the following should be debited to the Land account?
- fees for surveying the land
- legal fees for the land's title search
- construction costs for the building on land
- commissions paid to brokers when purchasing the land
Cedar Fair purchased land the following should be debited to the Land account: fees for surveying the land and legal fees for the land's title search.
When a company purchases land, the Land account is debited for the cost of the land and any expenses incurred to acquire and prepare the land for use. The cost of the land includes the purchase price and any costs incurred to bring the land to a state where it is ready for use.
In this case, the fees for surveying the land and the legal fees for the title search are costs directly related to the acquisition of the land, and as such, they should be debited to the Land account.
However, the commissions paid to brokers and the construction costs for the building on the land are not directly related to the acquisition of the land and should be accounted for separately. Therefore, they should not be debited to the Land account.
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Complete question:
Cedar Fair purchased land; which of the following should be debited to the Land account? (Check all that apply.)
Construction costs for the building on the land
Fees for surveying of the land
Legal fees for the land's title search
Commissions paid to brokers when purchasing the land
George Corporation paid $240,000 for 45% of Washington Corporation's outstanding voting common stock on July 1, 2021. Washington's stockholders' equity on January 1, 2021 was $260,000 consisting of $160,000 capital stock and $100,000 retained earnings. During 2021, Washington reported net income of $70,000 and on October 1, 2021, Washington declared dividends of $32,000 Washington's assets and liabilities were stated at fair values on July 1, 2021 except for land that was undervalued by $40,000 and equipment with a five-year remaining useful life that was undervalued by $30,000. 3. Prepare an Amortization schedule for the cost/book value differences similar to the one in the power point presentation. See the slide "Amortization and Investment Income" 4. Prepare all of the journal entries that will be recorded on the books of George Company to account for this investment. (Initial purchase and activity for 2018) 5. Provide the calculation of the investment in Washington Account at December 31, 2021.
Therefore, the investment in Washington Corporation account at December 31, 2021 is $227,900.
Amortization Schedule:
Description Total 2021
Investment in Washington (July 1, 2021) $240,000 $240,000
Fair Value Adjustment to Land $40,000 -
Fair Value Adjustment to Equipment $30,000 -
Amortization Expense (5-year useful life) $6,000 $6,000
Investment Income (45% x Washington's Net Income) $31,500 $31,500
Dividends Received $14,400 $14,400
Investment in Washington (December 31, 2021) $282,500 $282,500
Journal Entries:
On July 1, 2021:
Investment in Washington Corporation (45% of 117,000
Cash $117,000
To record the initial purchase of Washington Corporation's stock.
On December 31, 2021:
Investment Income 14,400
Fair Value Adjustment - Land 30,000
Amortization Expense $6,000
To record investment income, dividends received, and amortization and fair value adjustments for the investment in Washington Corporation.
Calculation of Investment in Washington Account at December 31, 2021:
Initial purchase of Washington stock 70,000) 14,400
Add: Fair value adjustment to land 30,000
Less: Amortization expense 227,900
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Mark, a cash method taxpayer, is a partner in M&T Legal Services, a calendar year partnership. Under the partnership agreement, Mark is to receive 20% of the partnership's profits or losses. Each partner is allowed to withdraw $10,000 each month for his or her living expenses. Mike withdrew $120,000 during the year as his monthly draw in 2015. In March 2015, Mike received $50,000 as his share of distributed 2014 profits. The partnership earnings before partners' withdr Mark's gross income from the partnership for 2015 3. awals for 2015 totaled $1 million. Compute Ted and Alice were in the process of negotiating a divorce agreement. They own bonds with a basis of $3,000,000 and a fair market value of $1,800,000. They also own common stock with a basis of $1,100,000 and a fair market value of $1,800,000. Alice is trying to decide whether to receive the bonds or the stock. She has no plans for selling the bonds or stock, whichever she receives. Ted will sell the asset he receives immediately and he also has significant capital gains that year, from other transactions. 4. Are the assets of equal value, given the relative plans of her vs. him, and the fact that he has "significant capital gains" already?? a. b. Which would you advise Ted to receive-the bonds or the stock? c. What would you advise Alice to do? On January 1 Patti made a $90,000 interest-free loan to her son, Alex, who used the money to pay off the $40,000 mortgage on his personal residence and also to buy a S50,000 certificate of deposit. Alex's only income for the year is his salary of $45,000 and $2,000 interest income on the certificate of deposit. The relevant Federal interest rate is 3% compounded semiannually. The loan is outstanding for the entire year. 5. Based on the above information, what is the effect of this loan on Patti's gross income for the year?
Therefore, Patti's gross income for taxpayers the year would increase by $1,515 to account for the imputed interest on the interest-free loan to her son. and Plus: Distributed profits for 2014: 202,000.
3. Mark's gross income from the partnership for 2015 can be calculated as follows:
Total partnership earnings before partners' withdrawals: 10,000 x 12 months x 2 partners): 760,000
Mark's share of profits: 20% x 152,000
Plus: Distributed profits for 2014: 202,000
4. Given Ted's plan to sell the asset immediately and his significant capital gains, it may be advisable for him to receive the bonds, which have a lower fair market value and therefore potentially lower capital gains tax liability.
As for Alice, since she has no plans to sell the asset, it may be more beneficial for her to receive the stock, which has a higher fair market value and potentially higher long-term growth potential. However, this decision should also take into account any other factors, such as diversification of her investment portfolio.
5. The imputed interest on the interest-free loan from Patti to Alex can be calculated as follows:
Total loan amount: 40,000
Remaining loan amount: 1,515
Therefore, Patti's gross income for the year would increase by $1,515 to account for the imputed interest on the interest-free loan to her son.
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Given the following information, determine the beta coefficient for Stock L that is consistent with equilibrium: Îl = 11.5%; rRF = 3.5%; r = 11.5%. Round your answer to two decimal places.
The beta coefficient for Stock L is 1.00. The beta coefficient for Stock L can be calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which is expressed as:
r = rRF + β (rm - rRF)
Where r is the expected return on the stock, rRF is the risk-free rate of return, rm is the expected return on the market portfolio, and β is the stock's beta coefficient.
In this case, we are given that the expected return on Stock L (Îl) is 11.5%, the risk-free rate of return (rRF) is 3.5%, and the expected return on the market (r) is also 11.5%. Plugging in these values into the CAPM formula, we can solve for β:
11.5% = 3.5% + β (11.5% - 3.5%)
Simplifying this equation, we get:
β = (11.5% - 3.5%) / (11.5% - 3.5%) = 1.00
Therefore, the beta coefficient for Stock L is 1.00, which means that the stock has the same level of systematic risk as the overall market. A beta of 1.00 indicates that the stock's returns are expected to move in line with the market, neither outperforming nor underperforming it.
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When delivering bad news to employees, which of the following would be the most appropriate channel to delivery?A. Via telephoneB. EmailC. In PersonD. Social networking site
When delivering bad news to employees, the most appropriate channel for delivery is in person (option C).
Delivering bad news through other channels such as email, telephone, or social networking sites can come across as impersonal and insensitive, which can exacerbate the negative impact of the news on the employees.
Delivering bad news in person allows the manager to have a face-to-face conversation with the employee, which helps to convey empathy, sincerity, and understanding.
It also allows the employee to ask questions and seek clarification, which can help to reduce anxiety and stress.
In-person communication also allows the manager to observe the employee's reactions and respond appropriately, which can help to build trust and rapport.
On the other hand, delivering bad news through other channels such as email or telephone can be seen as cold and indifferent.
These channels do not allow for nonverbal cues or tone of voice, which can lead to misunderstandings and hurt feelings.
Additionally, delivering bad news through social networking sites can be seen as unprofessional and inappropriate.
In summary, delivering bad news in person is the most appropriate channel for delivery as it allows for empathy, sincerity, and understanding.
It also allows for questions and clarification, helps to build trust and rapport, and avoids misunderstandings and hurt feelings that can occur with other communication channels.
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Questions 1. Describe Ashley Stewart's retail strategy using the six Ps. 2. Who is Ashley Stewart's target market? Could/should that target market be expanded? 3. What are Ashley Stewart's bases for sustainable competitive advantage? Wilson Johnson, a childhood, friend has asked you to assist with his personal finances Single and 30 years old, he is employed as an accountant with a technology company. Wilson has moved from a two-bedroom $650 apartment to a condo costing $1,100 per month. The association owns two golf courses, a lake and an activities center. His other monthly expenses include: Renter's Insurance $25 Car payment Utilities 235 550 200 Cell phone House phone 50 Food 225 Clothes 125 Car Expenses 260 Entertainment 350 Wilson is surprised how much he spends on clothing and entertainment. He uses credit cards...the balance is $7,500 and climbing. Wilson makes the required monthly payments. He would like to reduce the balance and pay it off Wilson's other goal is to save for retirement by putting $4,500 per year away and retiring at 60. He wants to start saving in 5 years and does not think the delay will greatly affect the amount of retirement savings Wilson has a current balance in his checking account of $3,500 and $400 in his savings account. He has furniture valued at $1,800 and owns $1,500 of tech stocks, which he thinks, will grow by leaps and bounds. Case Questions - Section 1: 1a) Prepare a personal cash flow statement for Wilson Johnson Personal Cash Flow Statement (Monthly) Cash Inflows Cash Outflows
Wilson's net cash flow is X - $2,920.
To prepare a personal cash flow statement for Wilson Johnson, we need to analyze his cash inflows and cash outflows. A cash flow statement is a financial document that shows the money coming in and going out of an individual's finances over a specific period.
1. Cash Inflows:
To determine Wilson's cash inflows, we need to know his monthly income. As it is not mentioned, we will assume his net monthly income as 'X.'
2. Cash Outflows:
The cash outflows consist of Wilson's monthly expenses:
- Condo rent: $1,100
- Renter's Insurance: $25
- Utilities: $235
- Car payment: $550
- Cell phone: $50
- Food: $225
- Clothes: $125
- Car expenses: $260
- Entertainment: $350
Now, let's create Wilson Johnson's personal cash flow statement (monthly):
Personal Cash Flow Statement (Monthly)
---------------------------------------
Cash Inflows:
- Net Monthly Income: X
Cash Outflows:
- Condo rent: $1,100
- Renter's Insurance: $25
- Utilities: $235
- Car payment: $550
- Cell phone: $50
- Food: $225
- Clothes: $125
- Car expenses: $260
- Entertainment: $350
- Total Cash Outflows: $2,920
To calculate Wilson's net cash flow, subtract the total cash outflows from his net monthly income (X - $2,920). This will help Wilson understand how much money is left after covering his monthly expenses and can inform his decisions regarding debt repayment and retirement savings.
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decision point: do you want primary sources? having decided what secondary sources you will use, you now need to decide whether you elect to use any primary sources for obtaining data. this will involve setting up targeted research to answer the questions that you need answered. note that this research will be carried out in-house by the market research department, but will be quite expensive. select an option from the choices below and click submit. you will not use any primary sources. they are too expensive and you feel the secondary sources you have chosen should be sufficient to gather the data you need. you will use the research department to examine published surveys in esports journal and the esports observer. you will use the research department to gather attitudinal data relevant to the research problem and objectives you have set by conducting surveys.
Primary sources: Consider cost, benefit; Secondary sources: Reliable, sufficient data.
What is Primary or secondary sources?
I would recommend considering both options carefully before making a decision.
Not using any primary sourcesIf you choose not to use any primary sources, you may miss out on valuable insights that could be gained from conducting original research. However, if the secondary sources you have chosen are reliable and provide sufficient data to answer your research questions, this could be a cost-effective and time-efficient approach.
Using the research department to gather primary dataIf you choose to use the research department to gather primary data, you will need to carefully consider the research methods and the types of data you want to collect. Conducting surveys can be a useful way to gather attitudinal data, but it can also be expensive and time-consuming. You will need to ensure that the survey questions are well-designed and that the sample size is appropriate for the research objectives.
In summary, the decision to use primary sources depends on the research objectives, the available budget, and the time constraints. If you have the resources to conduct primary research, it can provide valuable insights that are not available from secondary sources alone. However, if you are confident in the reliability of your chosen secondary sources and have limited resources, not using primary sources may be the best option.
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When it comes to the decision point of whether to use primary sources in market research, it is important to consider the specific research problem and objectives at hand. While primary sources can provide valuable insights, they can also be quite expensive. If the secondary sources chosen are deemed sufficient for gathering the necessary data, then it may be best to forgo the use of primary sources. However, if there are specific questions that require more targeted research, using the research department to gather attitudinal data through surveys can be a worthwhile investment. Another option is to have the research department examine published surveys in relevant journals such as Esports Journal and The Esports Observer. Ultimately, the decision to use primary sources will depend on the specific needs and constraints of the research project.
About JournalJournals are periodic publications in academic publications which are generally in the form of the latest research reports with the aim of advancing science. A scientific journal is a form of media for publishing scientific papers.
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The principal advantages of strategic alliances over vertical integration or horizontal mergers/acquisitions are:
A. resource pooling and risk sharing, more adaptive response capabilities, and greater speed of deployment.
B. potential profitability of the alliance and related experience-curve economics.
C. the facilitation of best practices, more production capacity, and relevant synergistic savings.
D. the transactional and relational concept of operating practices and competencies.
E. material additions to a company's technological capabilities, strengthening of the firm's competitive position, and boosting of its profitability
The principal advantages of strategic alliances over vertical integration or horizontal mergers/acquisitions are material additions to a company's technological capabilities, strengthening of the firm's competitive position, and boosting of its profitability.
Through strategic alliances, companies can collaborate with other firms to share resources, knowledge, and expertise, which can lead to the development of new products or services, as well as improvements to existing ones.
Additionally, strategic alliances can help companies to access new markets and customers, and to reduce costs through economies of scale.
By forming strategic alliances, firms can strengthen their competitive position in the market and enhance their profitability, without the risks and costs associated with vertical integration or mergers/acquisitions.
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Consider the following two investment decisions: buy a certified deposit (CD) which will pay you a 10% annual interest rate, and buy some stocks which will either give you a 30% annual return (with 0.7 probability) or incur a 10% loss for you (with 0.3 probability). In terms of expected utility, you should of course buy stocks. However, suppose you are conservative and cannot tolerate any loss of your principal. In this case, you have no choice but to deposit your money into a CD. Now consider this problem for a 3 years time span. You start with 1 unit of money. Each year you can choose only one way to invest your entire fund (meaning you are not allowed to diversify, like 50% CD, 50% stocks). You definitely don't want to lose any money at the end of the 3 years, but you are okay with a \temporary" loss during the time (for example, it is okay for you to lose some money in the first year as long as you can make it up later). Formalize this problem as a Markov decision process and compute its optimal policy. Hints A state needs to contain information about how many money you have in this state. In other words, a state needs to encode the history: which actions you have done so far and what their outcomes are if the actions are non-deterministic.
To formalize this investment problem as a Markov decision process (MDP), we need to define its states, actions, transition probabilities, and rewards.
States: Each state will represent the amount of money you have after a certain number of years. For example, S(t, m) represents having m units of money at the end of year t. Actions: There are two possible actions - investing in a CD (A1) or investing in stocks (A2).
Transition Probabilities: If you choose A1, there is a 100% chance of gaining 10% interest. If you choose A2, there is a 70% chance of gaining 30% and a 30% chance of losing 10%. Rewards: The reward is the amount of money you have at the end of 3 years.
To find the optimal policy, we will use dynamic programming methods like value iteration or policy iteration. For each state and action, we will calculate the expected utility considering the transition probabilities and rewards.
The optimal policy will choose the action with the highest expected utility at each state, making sure no loss occurs at the end of 3 years.
In summary, by creating states that represent the money you have at different points, defining the actions and transition probabilities, and computing the optimal policy using dynamic programming methods, we can solve this investment problem as an MDP.
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Credit is an agreement between two parties in which one party lends money or provides goods and services to another party with the understanding that payment will be made at a later date. Credit is not free. The total amount paid for credit includes interest and any fees. Interest is based on the amount borrowed, the interest rate, and the length of time of the loan. Simple interest is one formula that is used to calculate the interest cost of a loan: PxRxT = Interest Where: P = amount borrowed R = interest rate T = length of time of loan The amount the borrower must repay when the loan is due is the amount borrowed plus the interest: P + Interest = Repayment Amount Answer the following questions involving interest. 1. Reynold borrows $15,000 to make improvements to his loading dock. The interest rate on the loan is 8 percent. The term of the loan is one year, during which time Reynold repays the amount borrowed plus interest. What is the interest on the loan? What is the repayment amount? 2. Marc Jones borrows $5,000 on his business credit line to purchase raw materials. The loan plus interest is repaid after 3 months, or 3/12 of one year. The interest rate on the credit line is 6 percent. What is the interest charge? What is the amount that is repaid? 3. Jeanne Smith normally uses a business credit line to purchase supplies for her printing business. The interest rate on this line is 10 percent. A supplier offers Jeanne a special deal. She will be shipped $20,000 of supplies, but will not have to pay for six months, or 6/12 of one year. The supplier will not charge interest. How much interest will Jeanne save by purchasing from this supplier? Copyright Goodheart Willcox Co., Inc. May not be reproduced or posted to a publicly accessible 151 Chapter 16 Credit Name 4. RJ Industries ships $50,000 of merchandise to a customer. RJ allows the customer to pay the bill within one month with no interest due. Interest is charged on any balance remaining after one month at a 5 percent annual interest rate. The customer pays $10,000 after one month, and the remaining $40,000 after the second month. How much interest does RJ charge the customer? 5. Refer to the previous problem. The customer tells RJ that it will only purchase the $50,000 of merchandise if it can repay after 3 months with no interest due. RJ agrees because it does not want to lose the sale. How much interest will RJ lose compared to its normal policy?
(1). The interest on a $15,000 loan at 8% for one year is $1,200. The repayment amount is $16,200. (2). A $5,000 loan at 6% for 3 months incurs $75 in interest. The amount repaid is $5,075. (3). Jeanne saves $1,000 in interest by purchasing supplies without interest. (4). RJ charges $166.67 in interest on a $40,000 balance. (5). RJ loses $166.67 in interest by agreeing to a no-interest repayment after three months.
1. To calculate the interest on the loan, we use the formula: P x R x T = Interest.
P = $15,000 (amount borrowed)
R = 8% (interest rate)
T = 1 year
Interest = $15,000 x 8% x 1 = $1,200
The interest on the loan is $1,200.
To calculate the repayment amount:
Repayment Amount = Amount borrowed + Interest = $15,000 + $1,200 = $16,200
The repayment amount is $16,200.
2. Using the same formula: P x R x T = Interest.
P = $5,000 (amount borrowed)
R = 6% (interest rate)
T = 3/12 years (3 months)
Interest = $5,000 x 6% x (3/12) = $75
The interest charge is $75.
The amount to be repaid:
Amount Repaid = Amount borrowed + Interest = $5,000 + $75 = $5,075
The amount that is repaid is $5,075.
3. Since there is no interest charged by the supplier, Jeanne will save the full interest amount that she would have paid if she had used her business credit line. To calculate the interest saved:
P x R x T = Interest
P = $20,000 (amount borrowed)
R = 10% (interest rate)
T = 6/12 years (6 months)
Interest Saved = $20,000 x 10% x (6/12) = $1,000
Jeanne will save $1,000 in interest.
4. After one month, $10,000 is paid, leaving a balance of $40,000. Interest is charged on this balance at a rate of 5% annually.
Interest Charged = $40,000 x 5% x (1/12) = $166.67
RJ Industries charges $166.67 in interest.
5. In the normal policy, if the customer repaid after two months, they would have paid the $50,000 plus the interest charged on the remaining balance ($40,000). However, with the special agreement, RJ loses the interest it would have earned for the extra month.
Interest Lost = $40,000 x 5% x (1/12) = $166.67
RJ loses $166.67 in interest compared to its normal policy.
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Tom, Jerry, and Butch are the committee responsible for planning Oxford's 2-year anniversary party. They decide by majority rule how much money to spend on the party. The consulting firm they hire has presented three options for per-person spending on the party: 50, 75, and 125. The committee members rank the options as follows: Rank Tom Jerry Butch
1 125 75 50
2 75 50 75
3 50 125 125
1. Consider all possible pairwise votes. Does majority rule lead to a stable outcome on party expenditure? If so, what is the choice? If not, why not?
The majority rule does not lead to a stable outcome because there is no clear winner among the options.
Based on the ranking of options by Tom, Jerry, and Butch, we can consider all possible pairwise votes to determine if majority rule leads to a stable outcome on party expenditure.
Pair 1: 50 vs. 75
Tom prefers 75, Jerry prefers 50, Butch prefers 75.
Result: 75 wins (2-1)
Pair 2: 50 vs. 125
Tom prefers 125, Jerry prefers 50, Butch prefers 50.
Result: 50 wins (2-1)
Pair 3: 75 vs. 125
Tom prefers 125, Jerry prefers 75, Butch prefers 75.
Result: 75 wins (2-1)
In this case, the majority rule does not lead to a stable outcome because there is no clear winner among the options. The choice for party expenditure is inconclusive as 50 and 75 both win in different pairwise comparisons, creating a cyclical voting paradox.
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while there are many routes to competitive advantage, the two biggest factors that distinguish one competitive strategy from another are
a.whether a company's overall costs are lower than a competitors' and whether the company can achieve strong product differentiation. b.whether a company can offer the lowest possible prices and whether the company can get the best suppliers in the market. c.whether a company's target market is broad or narrow and whether the company is pursuing a low cost or differentiation strategy. d.whether a company can achieve lower costs than its rivals and whether the company is pursuing the industry's sales and market share leader's role. e.whether a company can build a brand name and an image that buyers trust.
The two biggest factors that distinguish one competitive strategy from another are whether a company's overall costs are lower than its competitors' and whether the company can achieve strong product differentiation. The correct option is a.
Companies can achieve a competitive advantage by either offering the lowest possible prices or by differentiating their products or services from those of their competitors. When a company can produce goods or services at a lower cost than its competitors, it can pass those savings on to its customers and offer lower prices, thus gaining a cost advantage.
Alternatively, companies can differentiate their products or services by offering unique features, high quality, superior customer service, or by building a strong brand name and image that buyers trust. A company can also achieve a competitive advantage by focusing on a narrow target market or pursuing a low-cost or differentiation strategy.
Ultimately, the key to achieving a sustainable competitive advantage is to continuously improve and innovate, to stay ahead of the competition. The correct option is a. whether a company's overall costs are lower than a competitors' and whether the company can achieve strong product differentiation.
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Write the formula that defines what the spending multiplier is. Do not use abbreviations or initials for variables. You can use mathematical symbols.The Federal Reserve was very worried about deflation in 2009, as deflation increases real interest rates. Suppose the rate of deflation was 1%, the unemployment rate went up 2%, investment spending fell $10 billion, and that the multiplier was 3.Using the formula with the data in your answer, calculate the change in equilibrium U.S. GDP.
The change in equilibrium U.S. GDP is a decrease of $30 billion.
The formula for the spending multiplier is:
Spending Multiplier = 1 / (1 - Marginal Propensity to Consume)
In your case, you mentioned the multiplier was
3. To calculate the change in equilibrium U.S. GDP, we can use the formula:
Change in GDP = Spending Multiplier × Change in Investment Spending
Given the data:
- Rate of deflation: 1% (not used in this calculation)
- The unemployment rate increased by 2% (not used in this calculation)
- Investment spending fell by $10 billion
- Spending multiplier: 3
Now, let's plug the values into the formula:
Change in GDP = 3 × (-10 billion)
Change in GDP = -30 billion
Therefore, the change in equilibrium U.S. GDP is a decrease of $30 billion.
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suppose that there 100 students in a class and every year has 365 days, what is the probability that there are three people in the class with the same birthday
The probability that there are three people in a class of 100 students with the same birthday is approximately 1 - (((365/365) * (364/365) * (363/365))^33 * (362/365)).
To find the probability that there are three people in a class of 100 students with the same birthday, we will use the complementary probability. First, we calculate the probability that no three people share the same birthday and then subtract that value from 1.
Step 1: Calculate the total possible combinations of birthdays for 100 students, which is 365^100, since each student can have a birthday on any of the 365 days.
Step 2: Calculate the probability that no three people share the same birthday. We can split the 100 students into 33 groups of 3 students each, with 1 student left over. For each group, the probability that the three students have different birthdays is (365/365) * (364/365) * (363/365).
Step 3: Multiply the probabilities for all 33 groups and the one left over: ((365/365) * (364/365) * (363/365))^33 * (362/365).
Step 4: Subtract the result from Step 3 from 1 to find the complementary probability: 1 - (((365/365) * (364/365) * (363/365))^33 * (362/365)).
The probability that there are three people in a class of 100 students with the same birthday is approximately 1 - (((365/365) * (364/365) * (363/365))^33 * (362/365)).
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In "General Theory" in 1936 who argued that government should have some involvement in business?
a.)Karl Marx
b.)Adam Smith
c.)John Maynard Keynes
d.)Josef Stalin
John Maynard Keynes argued in his 1936 work, "The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money," that the government should have some involvement in business. This idea was a departure from the classical economic theories of his time, which emphasized minimal government intervention in markets.
Keynes believed that the government had a role to play in stabilizing the economy, particularly during periods of recession or depression. He argued that government spending could stimulate demand and reduce unemployment, thereby promoting economic growth. This perspective, known as Keynesian economics, became influential in the mid-20th century and played a significant role in shaping modern economic policy.
While Keynes did not advocate for total government control of businesses, as in the cases of Karl Marx and Josef Stalin, his ideas stood in contrast to Adam Smith's laissez-faire approach, which emphasized the benefits of free markets and minimal government intervention. Overall, Keynes' "General Theory" introduced a new perspective on the government's role in the economy and has continued to impact economic policy debates to this day.
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If the subject property has a fireplace and air-conditioning and the comp has only air-conditioning, what adjustment would be made to what property?
If the subject property has a fireplace and air-conditioning and the comp has only air-conditioning, an adjustment would need to be made to the comp property.
This adjustment would need to account for the difference in value between the two properties due to the presence or absence of a fireplace. The adjustment amount would need to be calculated based on the market value of a fireplace in the area and then applied to the comp property.
This is necessary to ensure that the comparison of the two properties is fair and accurate, and that the final valuation of the subject property is based on the most relevant and comparable data available.
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financial accounting information is .multiple choice question.reported periodically, normally at year enddelivered on a continuous basis
Financial accounting information is reported periodically, normally at year-end. This type of accounting focuses on providing accurate and relevant financial information to external users such as investors, creditors, and regulators.
The periodic reporting of financial accounting information typically involves the preparation of financial statements, which include the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. These statements are prepared in accordance with established accounting principles and standards, such as the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
Year-end reporting is the most common reporting period for financial accounting information, as it provides a comprehensive view of the company's financial activities over a full fiscal year. This allows stakeholders to assess the overall performance of the business, make informed decisions, and compare the company's performance to that of its competitors.
In addition to year-end reports, some companies may also choose to provide interim financial reports on a quarterly basis to keep stakeholders informed about the company's financial position and performance throughout the year.
While financial accounting information is reported periodically, managerial accounting, on the other hand, delivers information on a continuous basis to help internal users, such as managers, make day-to-day operational decisions and plan for the future.
In summary, financial accounting information is reported periodically, normally at year-end, and provides valuable insights into a company's financial performance and position for external users. This information aids in decision-making and enables stakeholders to evaluate the company's financial health.
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All of the following are additional coverages under the Building and Personal Property Coverage Form, except: 1. Peak season 2. Debris removal 3. Preservation of property 4. Fire department service charge
The statement is incorrect. All of the options listed (Peak season, Debris removal, Preservation of property, and Fire department service charge) are additional coverages that can be added to the Building and Personal Property Coverage Form.
Here's a brief explanation of each additional coverage:
1. Peak season: covers an increase in stock during a specific time of the year, such as the holiday season.
2. Debris removal: covers the cost to remove debris resulting from a covered loss.
3. Preservation of property: covers the cost to remove property from the premises to protect it from further damage.
4. Fire department service charge: covers the cost of fire department services that are called to the premises.
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Which one of the following would be a bullish signal to a technical analyst using moving average rules? a. A stock price crosses above its 52-week moving average. b. A stock price crosses below its 52-week moving average. c. The stock's moving average is increasing. d. The stock's moving average is decreasing.
The bullish signal to a technical analyst using moving average rules would be when a stock price crosses above its 52-week moving average. Option A.
This is because it indicates a potential uptrend in the stock's price and is often seen as a buy signal by technical analysts.
Option b, where the stock price crosses below its 52-week moving average, is a bearish signal indicating a potential downtrend.
Option c, where the stock's moving average is increasing, is also a bullish signal but not as strong as option a. Option d, where the stock's moving average is decreasing, is a bearish signal indicating a potential downtrend.
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In terms of the relationship between expenditures on advertising communications and subsequent sales revenues, too many marketing managers assume that there is a(n):
A) direct relationship
B) indirect relationship
C) inverted U-shaped relationship
D) inverse relationship
In terms of the relationship between expenditures on advertising communications and subsequent sales revenues, too many marketing managers assume that there is a direct relationship. Option A is correct.
While it is true that advertising can have a positive impact on sales revenues, the relationship between advertising expenditures and sales revenues is not always straightforward or direct. There are many factors that can influence the effectiveness of advertising, such as the quality of the product, the competitive landscape, and the target audience. Therefore, it is important for marketing managers to carefully evaluate the effectiveness of their advertising campaigns and to consider other factors that may be impacting sales revenues. This may involve conducting market research, analyzing sales data, and gathering feedback from customers to better understand the impact of advertising on sales revenues.
It is also important to note that the relationship between advertising expenditures and sales revenues may not be linear or consistent over time. In some cases, there may be diminishing returns to additional advertising expenditures, while in other cases, there may be a threshold level of advertising expenditures that is necessary to generate a significant increase in sales revenues.
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