Epithelial cells are the cells that cover the inside and outside of your body's surfaces. They can be located on your skin, blood vessels, and organs such as your urinary tract.
What does it mean if my epithelial cells are high?If urinalysis findings show a moderate or high number of epithelial cells, it may indicate the following medical conditions: Kidney illness Liver disease Yeast infections Urinary tract infections Certain kinds of cancer.
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Most tissues regulated by the autonomic nervous system receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic input from postganglionic neurons. Responses are typically local. In contrast, the adrenal medulla receives input only from the sympathetic division and only from preganglionic neurons, yet responses are observed throughout the body. Explain why (see Figure 45.20).
Neurotransmitters, notably norepinephrine and epinephrine for the sympathetic nervous system and acetylcholine for the parasympathetic nervous system, are released by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.
What is adrenal medulla receives input?The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system's sympathetic division extends glandular into the adrenal medulla.
The medulla releases the hormones adrenaline and norepinephrine into the blood stream when the sympathetic division is activated in response to stress or a threat.
Therefore, Acetylcholine, a neuronal input that can indicate an emergency needing an instant response, is delivered to the adrenal medulla by the sympathetic nervous system.
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10 POINTS
Which percent of Earth’s atmosphere does carbon dioxide gas make up?(1 point)
about 78 percent
less than 1 percent
about 21 percent
more than 99 percent
The human sense of taste involves receptors cells that respond to _____ basic taste
The human sense of taste involves receptors cells that respond to chemicals entering oral cavity basic taste.
Taste receptors are modified elongated epithelial cells that are present on the tongue, tonsils, pharynx, epiglottis, and hard and soft palates throughout the oral cavity. Regional gene expression around taste buds regulates their formation and is in part regulated by innervating nerves.
Taste pores are openings in the epithelium for chemical substances to enter. Peripheral sensory innervation is through branches of three cranial nerves: facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagal (IV) (X). Only three of the four morphologically unique forms of lingual papillae—the fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae—bear taste receptors.
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An insulinoma is a cancerous mass of pancreatic beta cells that secrete insulin but do not respond to feedback mechanisms. How you would expect an insulinoma to affect blood glucose levels and liver activity?
When an excess of insulin is produced, blood glucose levels drop below physiologically normal levels, which stimulates the liver to produce glycogen, which in turn impacts blood glucose levels and liver function.
How insulinoma affect blood glucose?A pancreatic tumor called an insulinoma will encourage the alpha cell synthesis of pancreatic glucagon and enhance the breakdown of glycogen. As a result, it has negative effects on the liver.Glucagon interacts with the liver to raise blood sugar levels, whereas insulin lowers blood sugar levels. Insulin and glucagon work together to manage blood sugar levels.These hormones will control the synthesis of glycogen. The hormones insulin and glucagon regulate the availability of glucose by controlling the synthesis and breakdown of glycogen.The pancreas produces insulin, which is what keeps blood sugar levels in check. Insulinomas create hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, by producing more insulin than the body needs. Weakness, confusion, a rapid heartbeat, a coma, or even death could result from hypoglycemia.By influencing the satiety area in the brain, a number of hormones, including insulin, have a significant impact on hunger regulation. The overproduction of insulin will cause blood glucose levels to drop.Learn more about the insulinoma with the help of the given link:
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when forming a semisolid gel such as gelatin, what type of molecule does the process of protein coagulation entrap?
When forming a semisolid gel such as gelatin,water molecule does the process of protein coagulation entrap.
The term "coagulation" refers to the modification of a protein's structure (from a liquid to a solid or a thicker liquid) caused by heat, mechanical force, or acids. In the process of creating cheese, enzymes can also produce protein coagulation.
Proteins like albumin and globulin can be detected in protein using a biochemical test called the heat coagulation test. It is a typical occurrence for proteins to coagulate in reaction to heat. Denaturation and agglutination or the separation of the denatured protein in a particular form are the two processes in which heat coagulation of proteins takes place. When coagulable proteins are heated to their isoelectric pH, a number of changes take place to the proteins. These changes include the dissociation of subunits or the quaternary structure, the uncoiling of the polypeptide chains, and eventually the matting together of uncoiling polypeptide chains.
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reasons for the rise in the diversity of animal phyla during the cambrian include all of the following except: group of answer choices predators acquired novel adaptations hox genes facilitated the evolution of new forms cooling in the global climate triggered shifts in animal lineages an increase in atmospheric oxygen permitted larger bodied animals to thrive prey species acquired new defenses
The Cambrian Explosion (542-488 million years ago) is one of evolutionary biology's greatest mysteries. It was only during this period that complex organisms became widespread and diversified.
The scale of this event can be understood from the contrast between the biota and the extent of fossil diversity on the left and right. Cambrian paleontology has made great strides over the past century. In particular, well-preserved molluscs were found in the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale and Lower Cambrian Motianshan Shale sediments. The Cambrian side of the "Cambrian Explosion" is more abundantly depicted, contrasting with the Precambrian side. These extremely well-preserved fossil organisms are very difficult to study. The main challenge is her three-dimensional reconstruction and determination of the cellular tissue pattern of the Okina embryo and the fossil-buried structure of the Maotianshan shale. In this lecture, two recent technological approaches, propagating phase-contrast synchrotron X-ray microtomography and microtomography, enable non-destructive computational investigation and visualization of internal and hidden features in each plane and in virtual 3-dimensional slices. We indicate that we provide our own analytical tools to make it possible. -D Internal structure representation.
Therefore, throughout the Cambrian epoch, each of these variables helped to expand animal phylum diversity.
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Assume B = dominant; b = recessive.
What will be the result if
Bb mates with bb?
Select one:
O a. All of the offspring will exhibit the recessive trait.
O b. The recessive trait will show up in about 50% of the offspring.
O c. All of the offspring will exhibit the dominant trait.
O d. The dominant trait will show up in about 75% of the offspring.
The recessive characteristic will appear in about 50% of the offspring with a cross between Bb and bb.
How is this possible?Cross allows each allele from one parent to pair with another allele from the other parent.In this case, the "B" allele from one parent will pair with each "b" allele from the other parent, resulting in two "Bb" alleles.The "b" allele from the same parent will pair with the "b" allele from the other parent, resulting in two "bb" alleles.In this case, we have two "Bb" allele pairs and two "bb" allele pairs for the offspring. As the "b" allele is recessive and only expresses the trait it represents in the company of another recessive allele, we can say that it will appear in approximately half of the offspring, that is, 50 percent.
This result can be seen on the punnet square, where we plotted a diagram and placed the alleles of the parents in the main rows and columns. Cells within the frame must be filled with the combination of alleles from the parents.
You can see the Punnet square for this cross in the attached figure.
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fill in the blank question. the splitting or diverging of a population into two or more is known as cladogenesis.
The splitting or diverging of a population into two or more species is known as cladogenesis.
In the field of evolutionary studies, cladogenesis can be described as the branching of an evolutionary tree from an ancestral organism into two or more diverging, distinct species.
Evolutionary studies have shown that, with the passage of time, an ancestor can give rise to two or more than two distinct species. This phenomenon of diversion or splitting of species is referred to as cladogenesis.
The splitting of an ancestor into two distinct species might occur due to various factors such as environmental changes. It might happen that the ancestor species might be present in distinct areas and in order to adapt to the environment, a distinct species might have formed.
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A genotype is a person's genetic material or makeup, whereas a phenotype is the person's observable characteristics. True or false
The statement indicating that 'A genotype is a person's genetic material or makeup, whereas a phenotype is the person's observable characteristics' is True.
What are genotype and phenotype?Genotype refers to all genetic material contained in the cell of an organism, which includes the nuclear genome and mitochondrial or chloroplastic genome, while the expression phenotype makes reference to all observable traits and features that form the individual.
In conclusion, the statement indicating that 'A genotype is a person's genetic material or makeup, whereas a phenotype is the person's observable characteristics' is True.
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Which fact is most important in causing phospholipids to behave as they do in water?.
Water molecules make hydrogen bonds is most important in causing phospholipids to behave as they do in water.
Phospholipids are compound lipids made of alcohol, fatty acids, nitrogen base, and phosphoric acids. The cell membrane is primarily made up of these complex lipids, which also give the membranes their fluidity.Most phospholipids are created by replacing one of the three fatty acids in glycerides with a phosphate group that has another molecule connected to its end. Sphingomyelin, which is generated from sphingosine rather than glycerol, is the other variety of phospholipid.The hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules are sandwiched between two layers of hydrophilic heads in a double layer of phospholipids known as a lipid bilayer that forms spontaneously in water.To learn more about phospholipids.
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Water Cycle check please
Answer:
That looks right
Explanation:
Activated g protein-coupled receptors can? a. bind gtp b. open an ion channel c. raise cytosolic calcium d. a and b are correct e. a, b and c are correct
The correct statements are:
A bind GTP
B open an ion channel and
C raise cytosolic calcium
The majority of cellular responses to environmental inputs are mediated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Upon ligand activation of the receptor, it binds to heterotrimeric G protein partners, facilitates the exchange of GTP to GDP, cleaves the G protein into subunits, and mediates downstream signaling.Arrestins also enable GPCRs to activate multiple signaling pathways. Small modifications at the ligand-binding or orthosteric sites are amplified to produce larger conformational changes, translocating the GPCR to its active state. Structures, spectroscopic data, and computer simulations of various GPCRs crystallized in active and inactive states provide molecular knowledge of allosteric coupling between ligand binding and G-protein or arrestin interactions. Instead of being adjusted, the connection is loose.Therefore, option e. is correct.
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Give two examples that show how habitat fragmentation can harm species in the long term.
In addition to isolating populations and causing inbreeding and genetic drift, habitat fragmentation can also increase populations' susceptibility to local extinction brought on by viruses, parasites, or predators.
When portions of a habitat are destroyed, smaller, disconnected sections are left behind, leading to fragmentation. Although fire or volcanic eruptions might cause this naturally, human activity is typically at blame. A straightforward illustration is building a road through a forest.
In addition to isolating populations and causing inbreeding and genetic drift, habitat fragmentation can also increase populations' susceptibility to local extinction brought on by viruses, parasites, or predators.
Therefore, isolating populations and extinction are the two examples that show how habitat fragmentation can harm species in the long term.
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during early diastole, there is a small pressure difference in the dastolic pressures across the atrioventricular valves, what is the result?
During early Diastole, there is a small pressure difference in the diastolic pressure across the Atrioventricular Valve, Passive filling from the Atria into the Ventricles.
What is an atrioventricular?With an atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), there are gaps between the right and left sides of the heart's chambers, and the valves that regulate blood flow between these chambers may not have developed properly.
Atrioventricular node location and function:The atrioventricular node, also known as the AV node, is part of the electrical conduction system of the heart and electrically connects the atria and ventricles to coordinate beating in the top of the heart. The right coronary artery supplies the atrioventricular node in a right-dominant heart. This structure's function is to link the atria and ventricles' electrical circuits,
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Dna double helices are soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol. How do these physical properties reflect the chemical structure of the dna molecule?.
The physical property of DNA is due to the chemical structure of DNA which contains charged phosphate groups and sugars.
DNA is the most common genetic material in living organisms.
The structure of DNA is composed of deoxyribonucleotides.
The nucleotide is made up of three parts- a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
Many of these nucleotides are joined using phosphodiester bonds to form the DNA helices.
DNA is a hydrophilic molecule which means water-loving. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol due to the physical properties of the chemical constituents present within it.
Thus, the physical property of DNA is due to the chemical structure of DNA which contains charged phosphate groups and sugars.
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The autonomic nervous system works to monitor processes such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion. the _____ nervous system is a subsystem within the autonomic system that calms the body.
The autonomic nervous system works to monitor processes such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion. The parasympathetic nervous system is a subsystem within the autonomic system that calms the body.
What is the nervous system?The nervous system is the system of organs and tissues which work together in the body to relay information to and from different parts of the body.
The nervous system with the brain at its center controls the activities of all other systems of the body.
The nervous system is divided into two:
the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous systemThe peripheral nervous system is divided into:
the nerves,the autonomic system, andthe somatic system.The autonomic system is divided into:
sympathetic system andparasympathetic systemThe parasympathetic system relaxes the body after periods of stress.
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Based on current growth rates, Earth's human population in 2015 will be closest to a. 2 million. c. 7 billion. b. 4 billion. d. 10 billion.
According to the statement, the number of people on Earth in 2015 will be close to 7 billion based on current growth rates.
The correct option is C
What is the meaning growth rate?The growth rate of a value (such as GDP, turnover, earnings, etc.) gauges how much it has changed over time (month, quarter, year). The percentage is a fairly universal way to communicate it.
Describe a growth rate example:Growth rates accumulate with time; if a variable's growth rate is constant, the change in the variable will only get bigger with time. Assume, for instance, that GDP will be 20.0 in 2020 and will increase by 10% annually. The GDP is 22.0 in 2021 (an rise of 2.0), but it is 24.2 in 2022. (an increase of 2.2).
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most species of bacteria cannot be eaten by humans because the bacteria contain choose one: a. water levels that would stress the kidneys. b. toxic levels of proteins. c. toxic levels of nucleotides. d. toxic phospholipids in their membranes.
Most species of bacteria cannot be eaten by humans because the bacteria contain toxic levels of nucleotides.
Bacteria :Bacteria are widespread, generally free-living creatures that typically consist of a single biological cell. They are a vast group of prokaryotic bacteria. Bacteria, which are typically a few micrometres in length, were one of the first life forms to appear on Earth and are found in the majority of its habitats. Bacteria are categorized into four types based on their shape: bacillus, coccus, vibrio, and spirillum.
What are harmful bacteria called?The bad bacteria are those that cause us harm. They are known as pathogens. These could have come from our surroundings. Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, can be contracted by eating food or drinking water contaminated with the feces of infected persons, or by coming into close touch with an infected person.
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A____is a complex network of microbes and their secretions that form in most natural environments.
Answer:
biofilm
Explanation:
In terms of the long span of geological time, how old is the specific species (homo sapiens) to which we belong?
In terms of the long span of geological time, 150,000 to 200,000 is the specific species (homo sapiens) to which we belong.
Geologic time scale :The geologic time scale, often known as the geological time scale, is a time representation based on Earth's rock record. It is a chronological dating system that employs chronostratigraphy and geochronology. It is largely used by Earth scientists to describe the time and linkages of geologic occurrences.
Homo sapiens :All people alive today are members of the Homo sapiens species. We evolved relatively recently, yet thanks to complex culture and technology, we have been able to expand over the planet and inhabit a variety of habitats.
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How much oxygen is produced by zooplankton ?
About 60% to 80% of the volume of most living cells consists of organic compounds. True or false?.
Answer:
This is actually false.
Explanation:
Cells are composed of water, and inorganic ions. Water is the most abundant molecule in cells accounting for more or 70% or more of total cell mass. I hope this was a good explanation because I didn't know what else to put. I hope this helped :)
Suppose you are analyzing the DNA from the polar bodies formed during human oogenesis. If the woman who produced the oocyte has a mutation in a known disease gene, would analyzing the polar body DNA allow you to infer whether the mutation is present in the mature oocyte? Explain.
If the woman who produced the oocyte has a mutation in a known disease gene, then by investigating the DNA of the polar body during human oogenesis, we can gather that potential illness can be available inside the adult ovum.
During oogenesis, the optional oocyte goes through meiotic division and produces an ovum and a polar body. The maternal DNA is conveyed similarly in the two cells.
By breaking down the DNA of the polar body, the X-connected and autosomal problems can be recognized. It can't help in deciding the autosomal latent problems as it has just maternal genomic data. Assuming the transformation is found inside a known hereditary disease that it can assist in gathering that the change with canning is available in the mature ovum likewise, during meiosis, sister chromatids are partitioned and isolated into the phones.
Indeed, by investigating the DNA of the polar body we can gather that potential illness can be available inside the adult ovum.
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Identify the theme or themes exemplified by
(b) The development of a multicellular organism from a single fertilized egg
The themes applied for developing a multicellular organisms from a single fertilizer egg is the life process that explains how genetic material is expressed and transmitted to the next Generation.
How are cells created in a multicellular organism?In order to become a multicellular creature, a single cell (the zygote) must evolve into a collection of numerous different cell types arranged into tissues and organs. Cell differentiation, tissue and organ development, body axis construction, and cell division are all aspects of development (gaining a final cell type identity).
DNa is the primary genetic material that is transmitted from parents to offspring in the form of genes. The genes from both parents are mixed during fertilization when the gametes from both parents containing them join each Other and make a zygote.
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__________, such as fats , carbohydrates, and lipids, play an important role in providing cells with energy.
Organic nutrients such as fats, carbohydrates, and lipids, play an important role in providing cells with energy.
What are biomolecules?Biomolecules are molecules, such as amino acids, sugars, nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, DNA, and RNA, that occur naturally in living organisms.
Biomolecules are also called biological molecules because they are produced by living organisms. They are majorly categorized into four as follows:
CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic acidsThese molecules can serve as organic nutrients that perform different and specific functions in the living body of organisms.
Fats, carbohydrates and lipids are known to be stores of high energy, hence, they play an important role in providing cells with energy.
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The most useful dating technique to establish the age of a fossil skull identified with homo erectus, a species that originated about 1.9 million years ago, would likely be ______ of associated rock.
Potassium-argon (K/A) dating of accompanying rock would most likely be the most effective dating technique for determining the age of a fossil skull identified with Homo Erectus, a species that evolved around 1.9 million years ago.
The potassium-argon dating method determines the age of rocks by measuring the ratio of radioactive argon to radioactive potassium in the rock.
This dating method is based on the decay of radioactive potassium-40 in minerals and rocks to radioactive argon-40; potassium-40 also decays to calcium-40. Potassium-argon dating is accurate from 4.3 billion years ago (the age of the Earth) to about 100,000 years ago.
Only 0.0053% of the potassium-40 in a rock would have decomposed to argon-40 after 100,000 years, exceeding the limits of current detection techniques.
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How is the cell cycle important to the processes of mitosis and meiosis
Answer:
Living things need both meiosis and mitosis to function.
In order for the body to grow, mitosis takes place. Mitosis is what causes us to grow from the size of a baby to the size of an adult. The cell creates a copy of itself during mitosis, enabling the organism to grow larger through repeated mitotic divisions. In order to replace damaged or dead cells, mitosis also takes place. Without mitosis, cells cannot be repaired or grown.
Explanation:
Gametes are created during meiosis. Four genetically distinct haploid gametes (eggs or sperm) are created during one round of meiosis. Without meiosis, gametes wouldn't develop and humans wouldn't be able to procreate.
What kind of education do you think it takes to become a geologist (a person who studies rocks) Why?
Answer:
bachelor's degree
A bachelor's degree is sufficient for many geology professions, though a master's or doctoral degree may be required for research roles, according to experts.
Explanation:
Why does a beach ball weigh less than a bowling ball?(1 point)
The beach ball has more air.
The beach ball has more air.
The beach ball has more mass.
The beach ball has more mass.
The beach ball pushes harder against Earth.
The beach ball pushes harder against Earth.
The beach ball is less strongly attracted to Earth.
Answer:
The last one
Explanation:
The beach ball is less strongly attracted to Earth.
How does the consumption of macromolecules in the Inuit diet compare those in the American diet?
Answer: diet Govement
Explanation:
The consumption of macromolecules in the Inuit diet differs significantly from the American diet.
The traditional Inuit diet primarily consists of marine-based foods, such as fish, seal, whale, and other sea mammals, which are rich in protein and healthy fats (omega-3 fatty acids).
In contrast, the American diet often includes a higher proportion of carbohydrates, processed foods, and red meat, leading to higher intake of saturated fats and refined sugars.
Due to their reliance on marine foods, Inuits generally consume more protein and fats, while Americans may consume more carbohydrates.
These dietary differences are attributed to the availability of local resources and cultural food preferences in each population.
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