The correct answer is 3.) They were 25 percent faster due to having fewer tails. As a result of these mutations, the later generations of bacteria had fewer tails, which made them faster than the original population.
What do you mean by the expansion of the bacterial population?Rather than their cell size increasing, bacteria develop by multiplying, which is known as bacterial growth. These bacterial cells multiply exponentially; one cell multiplies into two, then four, then eight, then sixteen, and so on.
What four stages of bacterial growth are there?The four stages of bacterial growth are the lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, and death phase.
What do generation time and doubling time mean?The generation time, also known as the doubling time, is the amount of time needed for a cell to divide into two, or for the number of cells to double. The growth rate increases with the generation time.
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Use what you have learned about how ecosystems work to answer the questions below. 1. How are populations, species, communities, and ecosystems related? Answer in complete sentences below.
Answer:
Populations, species, communities, and ecosystems are all related components of the natural world. A population is a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area. Multiple populations of different species living in the same area form a community. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their physical and chemical environment, all functioning together as a unit.
Therefore, populations make up species, multiple species make up a community, and communities, along with their physical and chemical environment, make up an ecosystem. All of these components are interconnected and interdependent, as the interactions and relationships between individuals and species within a community affect the overall functioning and health of the ecosystem. For example, changes in population size or behavior of one species can have cascading effects on other species and the physical environment within an ecosystem.
Explanation:
To where did the Hebrews return after 40 years of wandering?
A)Canaan
B)Mesopotamia
C) Mt. Sinai
D)Egypt
Answer:
For 40 years, the Israelites wandered in the wilderness, eating quail and manna. They were led into the Promised Land by Joshua; the victory at Jericho marked the beginning of possession of the land. As victories were won, the tracts of land were assigned to each tribe, and they lived peacefully with each other.
The existence of extraterrestrial life may never be proven, but this idea will become more scientifically acceptable over time it-
A
alternative hypotheses are proposed and confirmed.
B hypotheses are made related to the ides.
C increasing scientific evidence supports the idea.
D
no one disputes this idea in a scientific forum.
The existence of extraterrestrial life may never be proven, but this idea will become more scientifically acceptable over time it- B hypotheses are made related to the ides
Why Does Extraterrestrial Life Not Always Appear Alien?"The fundamental line is that evolution is why creatures do what they do and are what they are," said Kershenbaum, a lecturer and director of studies in the natural sciences at the university's Girton College. He contends that evolution, like gravity, is a universal rule of nature, and that studies of plants and animals on Earth might thus tell us something important about prospective residents of places far beyond Earth.
We examine mechanisms when we research life on Earth as zoologists. We're investigating how life got to be the way it is.
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if a plastic container at 1.0C and 750 mmhm is heated in a microwave oven to 80C what is the pressure inside the container?
Explanation:
To calculate the pressure inside the container, we can use the ideal gas law, which relates the pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), and number of moles (n) of a gas:
PV = nRT
where R is the gas constant. Assuming the container is a sealed system with a fixed amount of gas, the number of moles and volume will remain constant, so we can rearrange the equation to solve for the final pressure (P2):
P2 = (nRT2) / V
where T2 is the final temperature in Kelvin. To convert Celsius to Kelvin, we simply add 273.15.
First, let's convert the initial temperature and pressure to SI units (Kelvin and Pascals):
T1 = 1.0C + 273.15 = 274.15 K
P1 = 750 mmHg * 133.322 Pa/mmHg = 99991.5 Pa
Next, we'll convert the final temperature to Kelvin:
T2 = 80C + 273.15 = 353.15 K
We also need to know the volume of the container. If we assume it is a rigid container (i.e. the volume does not change), then we can cancel it out in the equation. Otherwise, we would need to know how the volume changes with temperature and pressure.
Assuming the volume is constant, we can plug in the values and solve for P2:
P2 = (nRT2) / V
= (nR(T1 + T2)) / V (since n, R, and V are constant)
= (P1(T1 + T2)) / T1 (since PV = nRT)
Plugging in the values:
P2 = (99991.5 Pa * (274.15 K + 353.15 K)) / 274.15 K
= 1.234 x 10^5 Pa
Therefore, the pressure inside the container at 80C is approximately 123.4 kPa.
Background: p53 is a protein needed for apoptosis. It is one of the last lines of defense for cancer cells in the human body. It is active in the Mitosis and G2 phase. P53 mutations are missense mutations. You are a physician’s assistant who has a patient with metastatic cancer (the cancer has moved into the blood stream). The patients previous doctor told her that there was new medication coming out that could help with her treatment. One of these treatments is antibody that can target the p53 protein. Antibodies are very specific and would only target the mutant protein. The patient is unsure of this and is concerned that the medication could affect the rest of her body.
Question: Using your knowledge of cells explain to the patient how the antibody would target the protein (Antibodies are very specific to molecules). Make sure you explain why the antibody would target the mutant protein instead of the regular protein. Would getting rid of this gene kill the cell?
A cell cycle arrest to allow for DNA repair and/or death to stop the spread of cells with severe DNA damage is promoted by activated p53.
What function does p53 serve in the cell cycle? What might occur if p53 is altered?a gene that produces a protein that is essential for regulating cell division and death and is located inside the nucleus of cells. Cancer cells may develop and spread throughout the body as a result of mutations (changes) in the p53 gene.
What are the three main jobs that p53 performs?The p53 protein level is low in healthy cells. Growth arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis are the three primary actions of the p53 proteins, which may be increased in response to DNA damage and other stress signals (cell death).
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which question about the whale sharks is nonscientific?
Answer:
Does a whale shark like having a large mouth?
Explanation:
Q2. Mention all types of secretion of stomach؟
Answer: The stomach secretes water, electrolytes, hydrochloric acid, and glycoproteins, including mucin, intrinsic factor, and enzymes (Fig. 24.3). Gastric motility and secretion are regulated by neural and humoral mechanisms.
Explanation: The gastric mucosa secretes 1.2 to 1.5 liters of gastric juice per day. Gastric juice renders food particles soluble, initiates digestion (particularly of proteins), and converts the gastric contents to a semiliquid mass called chyme, thus preparing it for further digestion in the small intestine.
What is the effect of molecule size on a molecules ability to diffuse across a semipermeable membrane
Answer:
The size of a molecule can significantly affect its ability to diffuse across a semipermeable membrane. Smaller molecules are generally able to diffuse more easily than larger molecules. This is because smaller molecules have less mass and can move more quickly, which allows them to pass through the tiny openings in the membrane more easily. In contrast, larger molecules are often too big to pass through the membrane and may require specialized transport mechanisms. Additionally, even if a larger molecule is able to pass through the membrane, it may do so more slowly due to its larger size and slower movement.
Explanation:
7. What is the role of a gene switch in protein
production?
A. It regulates the location, timing, and extent of
protein production.
B. It gives instruction for how a protein is
produced.
C. It can add, break, or modify a protein during its
production.
D. It has little to no effect on protein production.
Answer:
A. It regulates the location, timing, and extent of protein production. A gene switch is a segment of DNA that controls the expression of a gene, determining when and where a protein is produced in the body. It acts as a regulatory switch that can turn genes on or off, depending on signals received from the environment or other cellular processes. Gene switches are critical for proper protein production and cellular function.
Explanation:
2. Fossils can not be found everywhere.
A. What are the two best environments to look for fossils? (2 points)
B. What characteristics make these environments well suited for fossil formation? (4 points)
Answer:
A. The two best environments to look for fossils are sedimentary rock and areas with volcanic ash deposits.
B. Sedimentary rocks are well-suited for fossil formation because they form in layers, which can preserve fossils over time. Sediments from rivers, lakes, and oceans can quickly cover and protect a dead organism, preventing it from decaying or being destroyed by scavengers. Volcanic ash deposits are also well-suited for fossil formation because they can quickly cover and preserve organisms, creating a snapshot of life at a particular moment in time. Ash deposits can also provide a protective layer that prevents the organism from being exposed to scavengers and decay.
Explanation:
Answer:
The two best environments to look for fossils are deserts, beaches and other places that has a sandy environment. This is mostly known as sedimentary rock. What makes these environments well suited for fossils is because the tiny bits of rock/ sand, joins together over millions of years creating sedimentary rock. Plants or use to be alive animals get compressed, between the sedimentary rock, turning into a fossil. The sedimentary rock is well suited for fossil formation because its less likely the process will be tampered or touched.
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What are the bones in the vertebral column?
Answer:
cervical spine (C1-C7)
thoracic spine (T1-T12)
Lumbar spine (L1-L5)
And the tail bone
Explanation:
Answer:
The vertebral column is made of 33 vertebrae organised into five regions as follows
Explanation:
7 cervical vertebrae in the neck region
12 thoracic vertebrae in the chest region
5 lumbar vertebrae in the back region
5 sacral vertebrae which are difficult to distinguish separately because they are fused together
4 similarly fused vertebrae making up the coccyx
I really need help for homework Biology 102 ASAP!!!!
Unit 5: Questions 1 and 2
Epidermis.
The uppermost skin layer
Contain sensory receptor.
Contains melanocyte responsible for skin color.
Composed of stratified squamous epithelium
Dermis
Contains flexible collagen and elastic fiber
synthesis Vitamin D
maintains normal skin tension.
Subcutaneous layer
contains connective tissues
contains loose connective issue and adipose tissue
Technically not a skin layer.
SkinThe skin is the body's largest organ, made of water, protein, fats and minerals. It is the part of the body that covers the external structures of the body. It is divided into,
Epidermis outer layer
Dermis middle layer
Subcuteanous layer. inner layer
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In the water cycle, energy from what causes water to evaporate from plants, oceans, and land?
Water in lakes, streams, and oceans evaporates due to solar heat. Water vapour forms in our atmosphere as liquid water on Earth's surface evaporates.
Other sources of atmospheric water include plants and trees. Transpiration describes this. All water moves about Earth in changing phases according to a cycle that is called the water cycle. Water exists on Earth in the solid, liquid, and gaseous forms of matter. Oceans, rivers, lakes, as well as the subsurface, all contain liquid water. Snow, glaciers, the North and South Poles, and solid ice can all be found. In the atmosphere of the Earth, there is a gas called water vapour. Given that water is essential for all life, we are interested in the water cycle.
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7. Explain why complementary base pairing is necessary to maintain the double helix shape of
the DNA molecule.
Answer:
it allows the base pairs to be arranged in the most energetically favourable way
Explanation:
it allows the base pairs to be arranged in the most energetically favourable way
Scientists are investigating which type of fertilizer is best. Which of the
following methods is most likely to produce a biased result?
A. Let the type of fertilizer be the only variable.
B. Hire a scientist that works for a fertilizer company.
OC. Use a team of scientists from different companies.
D. Set criteria for judging the effectiveness of the fertilizer.
Answer:
B. Hire a scientist that works for a fertilizer company.
Explanation:
3. Knowledge of the structure of Earth's interior allows scientists to develop the dynamo theory. A. What does the dynamo theory help explain? (2 points)
B. What is the composition of Earth's inner and outer core? (4 points)
C. How does the composition of the inner and outer core explain this theory? (2 points)
Answer:
A. The dynamo theory helps explain the generation of Earth's magnetic field.
B. The inner core of the Earth is believed to be primarily composed of solid iron, while the outer core is composed of liquid iron and nickel.
C. The composition of the inner and outer core is critical to the dynamo theory. The Earth's magnetic field is generated by the motion of molten iron in the outer core. As the molten iron moves, it creates electrical currents, which in turn generate a magnetic field. The solid iron in the inner core is believed to help stabilize the magnetic field by providing a fixed reference point for the motion of the molten iron in the outer core. Without this stable inner core, the magnetic field of the Earth would be much weaker and more variable over time.
Explanation:
Which statement describes competition within a population?
Several killer whales migrate to a new location.
Two male sea horses fight to win over a female.
Several elk travel together to find and share water.
Different kinds of garden plants take in water from the soil.
Answer:
different kinds of garden plants take in water from the soil
Application
2. Calculate You learn that only the black beetle is damaging the greens. Instead of spraying a general insecticide that would kill harmless bugs, you tell the groundskeepers to use baited traps on the greens at night. These traps are designed to attract and kill only the black beetles. You estimated that the course has 64,240 black beetles damaging the putting greens.
If one trap can kill 300 beetles, how many traps should be purchased for the golf course?
The rule of three is used to calculate an unknown value by using three proportional magnitudes. We should purchase 215 traps to get to kill all the beetles.
What is the rule of three?The rule of simple is a mathematical operation that allows us to solve proportionality problems.
Let us remember that a proportion is a relationship between two magnitudes.
It can be direct ⇒ When one of them increases, the other one increases as well. It can be inverse ⇒ When one of them increases, the other one decreases.So, to solve proportionality problems, we need to use two proportional magnitudes (let us call them a and b), and a third magnitude (c). These three values will let us calculate the fourth unknown value (X). This is,
a -------> b
c --------> X
Where,
a, b, and c are the known magnitudesa and b are the proportional magnitudesc is the third magnitudeX is the unkown valueX = (c * b) / a
By using this formula, we can calculate the unkown value from three magnitudes.
So, in the exposed example we have three magnitudes
a = 300 beetlesb = one trapc = 64,240 total number of beetlesX = how many traps do we need to kill all the black beetles?The question we need to ask is If one trap kills 300 beetles, then how many traps do we need to kill the total number of beetles (64,240)?
a -------> b
c --------> X = (b*c) / a
300 beetles ----------- 1 trap
64,240 beetles ------ X = (64,240 * 1) / 300 = 214.13
We should purchase 215 traps to get to kill all the beetles.
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Hey! Question on my Charles Darwin online study, not a test :)
if you consume more protein than your body needs, what happens to the excess?
The body can't store protein, so once needs are met, any extra is used for energy or stored as fat. Excess calories from any source will be stored as fat in the body.
Extra protein intake also can lead to elevated blood lipids and heart disease because many high-protein foods you eat are high in total and saturated fat. Extra protein intake, which can tax the kidneys, poses an additional risk to people predisposed to kidney disease.
WHAT IS YOUR RESTING HEART RATE?.........
WHAT IS 60% OF YOUR MHR?
WHAT IS 85% OF YOUR MHR?
WHAT IS 95% OF YOUR MHR?
WHAT IS 100% OF YOUR MHR?
Answer:
I don't think it 60 or 100 it's either 95-85 I say 85
Which of the following are examples of something being heated by convection?
A. Noodles in a pot of water
B. Hot dogs on an outdoor grill
C. Bread in an electric toaster
D. Pancakes in an iron skillet
Submit a one-paragraph summary describing the topic you chose, your model, what it represents, how you made it, and the specific science involved. It is important that you are using science terminology and are accurate.
I just need you to explain the science involved with specific terminology for the diagram below. Like the processes below described in detail!
Plants absorb water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from the soil and atmosphere during photosynthesis.
What are the types of photosynthesis?"Green plants and a few other species prepare their food through a process called photosynthesis, which involves the utilisation of water, carbon dioxide, and sunshine." Plants, algae, and some microorganisms employ the process of photosynthesis to transform light energy into chemical energy.
What are the three primary categories of photosynthesis?The C3, C4, and CAM pathways are the three basic categories of photosynthetic pathways. They all use the Calvin cycle to convert CO2 into sugars, but each pathway does so in a somewhat different way.
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The graph shows how the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction changes with temperature. What describes
the shape of the graph within the temperature range marked X?
Select one:
A. The rate of reaction reaches a
maximum.
B. The rate of reaction decreases.
C. The reaction is occurring at the optimum temperature.
D.The rate of reaction increases then decreases.
The pace of reaction rises with increasing temperature. Its kinetic energy of the substrate and enzyme molecules both rises as the temperature rises. They move more swiftly.
Correct option is, D.
How might you sum it up a graph's reaction time?You can calculate the rate of a reaction by plotting a graph of the volume or mass of the generated product against time. On the graph, this is shown for two responses. The gradient of the a line directly affects the reaction time; the higher the gradient, the longer the reaction time.
What impact do temperature changes have on an enzyme-controlled reaction?Temperature changes often have the opposite impact on a reaction's speed. Nevertheless, extremely high temperatures may denature an enzyme, which results in it losing its shape and stopping to operate. There is a recommended pH range for each enzyme. The activity of enzymes will be capped by pH changes outside of this range.
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Which cell structures are seen in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Answer:
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have structures such as cell membranes, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. However, there are some differences in the structure and organization of these organelles between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
In prokaryotic cells, the genetic material is not enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus, but instead exists as a single circular chromosome in the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus that houses the DNA, as well as additional membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.
Prokaryotic cells also typically have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, which is not found in animal cells. Plant cells have a cell wall as well, but it is made of cellulose. Eukaryotic cells may also have specialized structures such as chloroplasts (in plant cells) and cilia or flagella for movement.
Explanation:
13. It might not be visually apparent, but solids such as metal change their volume with temperature. This is known as
A. floating.
B. thermal expansion/contraction.
C. nuclear fusion.
D. density.
Solids such as metal change their volume with temperature. This is known as thermal expansion/contraction. Option B is correct.
What is thermal expansion/contraction?Thermal expansion/contraction is the tendency of solids to expand or contract in response to changes in temperature. When a solid is heated, the particles within the solid gain kinetic energy and begin to move more rapidly, which causes the solid to expand. Conversely, when a solid is cooled, the particles lose kinetic energy and move more slowly, causing the solid to contract.
The amount of thermal expansion/contraction that occurs in a solid depends on several factors, including the material properties of the solid, the magnitude of the temperature change, and the dimensions of the solid. Different materials have different coefficients of thermal expansion, which describe how much they will expand or contract per unit of temperature change.
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on the Galapagos finches e sources you used for your research in the space below. If you used websites, include the title and URL of the website or article. If you used books or other print resources, note each source’s title, author, publisher, and date published
Galapagos finches are a group of 14 species of birds found on the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean. They are best known for their diversity in beak shape, which has been attributed to natural selection.
The finches have evolved over time to adapt to their environment, displaying a wide range of beak shapes, sizes, and feeding behaviors in order to access different food sources.
1. "Galapagos Finches: Evolution Through Natural Selection." National Geographic, National Geographic Society, www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/galapagos-finches-evolution-natural-selection/.
2. Grant, Peter R. Evolutionary Dynamics of a Natural Population: The Large Cactus Finch of the Galapagos. Princeton University Press, 2003.
3. Grant, Peter R., and B. Rosemary Grant. How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin's Finches. Princeton University Press, 2008.
4. "Galapagos Finches." Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., www.britannica.com/animal/Galapagos-finch.
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I don’t get photosynthesis or cellular respiration, i have an assessment about them both tomorrow and need serious help and answering this one problem will help me a lot. Please I’m desperate. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are processes that transfer energy and cycle matter. Explain how each process transfers energy, and how energy transfers from one form to another throughout the process. Then explain how each process cycles carbon for the Earth.
Answer:
How each process transfers energy:
This transfer happens in three different ways—by conduction within solids, by the flow of liquid or gas (convection), and by radiation, which can travel across space. Even when a system is isolated (such as Earth in space), energy is continually being transferred into and out of it by radiation.
how each process cycles carbon for the Earth:
Carbon moves from plants and animals to soils. When plants and animals die, their bodies, wood and leaves decays bringing the carbon into the ground. Some is buried and will become fossil fuels in millions and millions of years. Carbon moves from living things to the atmosphere.
ur welcome:D
6. Crust is created and formed as a result of plate movement.
A. Where does crust form? (2 points)
B. How does the crust form? (2 points)
C. Where is crust destroyed? (2 points)
D. How is the crust destroyed? (2 points)
Answer:
A. Crust is formed at divergent plate boundaries and at some hotspots.
B. At divergent plate boundaries, magma rises up from the mantle to fill the gap created by the plates moving apart. This magma cools and solidifies to form new crust. At hotspots, plumes of hot material rise up from the mantle, melting the crust and creating new magma, which then solidifies to form new crust.
C. Crust is destroyed at subduction zones.
D. At subduction zones, one plate is forced beneath another plate into the mantle. As the plate descends into the mantle, it heats up and begins to melt, creating magma. Some of this magma may rise up and solidify to form new crust, but much of it stays within the mantle. The melting of the subducted plate can also cause volcanic activity at the surface.
Explanation:
Considering the steps of meiosis, identify the correct number of chromosomes present at the beginning of meiosis I, interkinesis, and in the daughter cells at the end of meiosis II.
92, 46, 23
92, 46, 46
46, 23, 12
46, 92, 23