The temperature while the water is in the process of freezing it is observed that is solidifies .
What is the process of freezing?
The process through which a substance transforms from a liquid to a solid is known as freezing.
When a liquid's molecules slow down enough to attract one another into permanent positions as a solid, this process is known as freezing.
When water freezes, energy is emitted into the environment, which leads energy to be lost and causes the environment to "cool down".
Since it is not thought to exist, the term "cooling" is not well understood in chemical research and would instead be substituted by the phrase "absence or loss of heat."
When a body's temperature drops, it is said to be cooling. If the temperature drops further, as it would with water, it would ultimately approach the freezing point, which for water is 0 degrees Celsius.
As a result, when cooling passes this thermal barrier, the water "freezes." The freezing point of pure water is 0 degrees Celsius.
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Carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. this atom would have:_____.
Carbon-12: with 6 protons and 6 neutrons and an atomic mass of 12.
What is Carbon-12?The triple-alpha process, which creates carbon-12 in stars, accounts for its abundance, which accounts for 98.93% of the element carbon on Earth. Carbon-12 (12C) is the more abundant of the two stable isotopes of carbon (carbon-13 is the other). Since carbon-12 is used as the reference point to calculate the atomic masses of all other nuclides, its atomic mass is 12 daltons by definition, which makes it particularly significant. Six protons, six neutrons, and six electrons are found in carbon-12.
A resonant, excited, spinless form of carbon-12 is known as the Hoyle state. In 1954, Fred Hoyle predicted that it would exist. It is created using the triple-alpha process.
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A negatively charged particle located in the cloud like smear of negative charge of an atom is called a(n)?
A negatively charged particle located in the cloud like smear of negative charge of an atom is called an electron.
The electron (symbol: e⁻) is a subatomic particle whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.
The electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton (subatomic particle with a positive electric charge of +1e elementary charge).
An electron cloud is the region of negative charge surrounding an atomic nucleus that is associated with an atomic orbita
The region of negative charge is an electron cloud (high probability of containing electrons). It surrounds an atomic nuclei.
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how many particles would one formula unit of mgbr2mgbr2 produce when dissolved in solution? view available hint(s)for part a how many particles would one formula unit of produce when dissolved in solution? 1 3 0 2
A total of three ions(particles) would be liberated when one formula unit of magnesium bromide is dissolved in water.
Magnesium bromide is an ionic compound, which when dissolved in water would completely ionize to give the magnesium and bromide ions as per the reaction,
MgBr2(aq) ----------> Mg2+(aq) + 2Br- (aq)
Each unit of magnesium bromide gives one magnesium ion and two bromide ions, So a total of three ions(particles) would be liberated when one formula unit of magnesium bromide is dissolved in water.
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the radioactive element carbon-14 has a half-life of 5750 years. a scientist determined that the bones from a mastodon had lost % of their carbon-14. how old were the bones at the time they were discovered?
The bones are approximately 7539 years old.
Exponential Decay :A radioactive substance follows the model of exponential decay. This is the model that predicts the half-life of substances. It is given by the following exponential equation.
[tex]A = A_{0}e^{-kt}[/tex]
Where
[tex]A_{0}[/tex] is the initial amount present at the start,
t is the time, and
k is the constant that governs the rate of decay. Use this model to solve the age of the bones.
Evaluating the question :
When a radioactive substance reaches its half-life, half its original amount will be decayed away due to radiation. Using the exponential decay model,
[tex]A = A_{0} e^{-kt}[/tex]
substitute [tex]A = \frac{1}{2} A_{0}[/tex], and the half-life of the element to determine k completing the full model of the decay.
[tex]\frac{1}{2}A_{0} = A_{0} e^{- 5750k}[/tex]
The first thing to do, is to divide both sides with [tex]A_{0}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{\frac{1}{2}A_{0} }{A_{0} } = \frac{A_{0}e^{-kt} }{A_{0} } \\ \frac{1}{2} = e^{-5750k}[/tex]
Now, take the natural logarithm of both sides of the equation.
[tex]ln(\frac{1}{2}) = ln e^{-5750k}[/tex]
[tex]ln(\frac{1}{2}) = -5750k[/tex]
Divide both sides of the equation with −5750, then evaluate using a logarithm table or a calculator.
[tex]k = 1.2054734[/tex]× [tex]10^{-4}[/tex]
Now, that the constant is determined, this means the exponential decay of the radioactive substance is modeled by the following equation.
[tex]A = A_{0} e^{- 1.2054734 * 10^{-4} }[/tex]
The bones that were found lost 59.7% of the carbon-14 originally present. Using symbols, this can be written as,
[tex]A = A_{0} - 59.7%\\\\A = A_{0} ( 1 - 0.597)\\\\A = 0.403A_{0}[/tex]
This means that only 40.3 % of the radioactive substance remained. Substitute this to the mathematical model above, then solve for the time in years.
[tex]0.403A_{0} = A_{0} e^{-1.2054734 *10^{-4} }[/tex]
Now, take the natural logarithm of both sides of the equation.
[tex]ln0.403 = -1.2054734 *10^{-4} t[/tex]
Now, solve for t by dividing both sides of the equation with −1.2054734 ×
[tex]10 ^{-4}[/tex]
Evaluate using a logarithm table or a calculator.t = 7539.10 years
Therefore, the bones are approximately 7539 years old.
Half life of radioactive element :The half-life of a radioactive isotope is that the amount of time it takes for one-half of the radioactive isotope to decay. The half-life of a selected radioactive isotope is constant; it is unaffected by conditions and is independent of the initial amount of that isotope
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What is the major organic product obtained from the following sequence of reaction? nh h2/ni
The catalyst for catalysing the hydrogenation of an unsaturated hydrocarbon is H2/Pt. A saturated hydrocarbon called an alkane, which is the main result, is produced when hydrogen atoms are added across a double or triple bond in the hydrocarbon.
A significant product is what?
The more stable and so more likely to develop main product of a reaction would be. One example would be the electrophilic addition of propane to HBr.
The catalyst for catalysing the hydrogenation of an unsaturated hydrocarbon is H2/Pt. A saturated hydrocarbon called an alkane, which is the main result, is produced when hydrogen atoms are added across a double or triple bond in the hydrocarbon.
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Using standard reduction potentials from the aleks data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy for the following redox reaction. 3fe2 cro42- 4h2o
Using standard reduction potentials from the aleks data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy for the following redox reaction.
The standard Gibbs free energy for the given redox reaction is -106 kJ/mol.
Let's consider the following redox reaction.
10 Cl⁻(aq) + 2 MnO₄⁻(aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) ⇒ 5 Cl₂(g) + 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 8 H₂O(l)
We can identify both half-reactions with their respective standard reduction potentials (E°red).
Cathode: 2 MnO₄⁻ + 16 H⁺ + 10 e⁻ ⇒ 2 Mn²⁺ + 8 H₂O E°red = 1.51 V
Anode: 10 Cl⁻ ⇒ 5 Cl₂ + 10 e⁻ E°red = 1.40 V
With this information, we will calculate the standard cell potential (E°cell).
What is the standard cell potential?
The standard cell potential is the potential difference between the cathode and anode.
E°cell = Ered,cathode - E°red,anode = 1.51 V - 1.40 V = 0.11 V
What is the standard Gibbs free energy?
The standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum reversible work that may be performed by a thermodynamic system under standard conditions.
It can be calculated using the following expression
ΔG° = - n × F × E°cell
ΔG° = - 10 mol × (96,485 J/V.mol) × 0.11 V × (1 kJ/1000 J) = -106 kJ/mol
where,
n are the moles of electrons exchanged.
F is Faraday's constant.
The standard Gibbs free energy for the given redox reaction is -106 kJ/mol.
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in a capillary, pc is 30 mm hg, pi is -2 mm hg, πc is 25 mm hg, and πi is 2 mm hg. if filtration coefficient (kf) is 0.5 ml/min/mmhg, what is the rate of water flow across the capillary wall
Net filtration would be reduced if the osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries rose from 28 mm hg to 35 mm hg.
What is osmotic pressure?
Pressure in the glomerular capillary 69 mmHg
Pressure in the capsular space 15mm Hg
The colloid osmotic pressure 30 mm Hg
Also no plasma proteins are filtered by the glomerulus
In this scenario -
Net filtration pressure is equal to
Pressure in the glomerular capillary Pressure in the capsular space colloid osmotic pressure
Substituting the given values in above equation, we get -
69-30-15
24 mm Hg
The osmotic pressure is the least amount of pressure that must be applied to a solution in order to block the passage of the solution's pure solvent through a semipermeable membrane. It can alternatively be described as a measurement of a solution's propensity to osmotically absorb a pure solvent. The highest osmotic pressure that may form in a solution if it were cut off from its pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane is known as the potential osmotic pressure.
When two solutions with various solute concentrations are separated by a selectively permeable membrane, osmosis takes place.
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A sample of 150 Boron (B) atoms are taken where 120 have a mass of 10 and 30
have a mass of 11. What is the percent abundance of B-10?
A 20%
B 30%
C 10%
D 80%
F 11%
The percentage abundance of B-10 is 80% (Option D)
Data obtained from the questionThe following data were obtained from the question:
Total sample = 150 Amount of B-10 = 120Amount of B-11 = 30Percentage abundance of B-10 =?How to determine the pecentage abundance of B-10The pecentage abundance of B-10 can be obtained as illustrated below:
Percentage abundance of B-10 = (Amount of B-10 / total) × 100
Percentage abundance of B-10 = (120 / 150) × 100
Percentage abundance of B-10 = 0.8 × 100
Percentage abundance of B-10 = 80%
Thus, the percentage abundance of B-10 is 80% (Option D)
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What is the arrangement of the particles in stearic acid when it is a solid and when it is a liquid?
Answer:
With an 18-carbon backbone, stearic acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid.
What is Stearic Acid?
With an 18-carbon chain, stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid. Octadecanoic acid is the substance's IUPAC name. It has the chemical formula C₁₇H₃₅CO₂H and is a waxy solid. The word "stear," which means tallow in Greek, is where it gets its name. Stearates are the names for the salts and esters of stearic acid. The second most prevalent saturated fatty acid in nature after palmitic acid is stearic acid, which serves as its ester. [11] Stearin is the triglyceride produced when three molecules of stearic acid are combined.
Explanation:
Animal fat contains more stearic acid than vegetable fat does. The foods cocoa butter and shea butter are the notable exceptions because they contain stearic acid (as a triglyceride).
In terms of its biosynthesis, acetyl-CoA contributes two-carbon building blocks to the fatty acid synthesis machinery, which converts carbohydrates into stearic acid.
The triglycerides in fats and oils are saponified with hot water to produce stearic acid. After that, the resulting mixture is distillated.
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For a second order reaction where concentration is measured in molarity and time is measured in seconds, the units on the rate constant must be:___.
For a second order reaction where concentration is measured in molarity and time is measured in seconds.
The unit for the rate constant of a second order reaction is Lmol −1s −1 .
What is molarity?
For a second order reaction, rate=k[A] 2
molL −1s −1 =k(molL −1) 2
k=Lmol −1s −1
The molarity of a solution is the quantity of solute in moles per litre of solution. Molarity is represented by a capital M. A solution is a combination of two or more compounds in chemistry in which neither substance undergoes chemical change. For instance, salt water is a mixture of salt and water (the solvent) (the solute).
Therefore,
For a second order reaction where concentration is measured in molarity and time is measured in seconds, the units on the rate constant must be
The unit for the rate constant of a second order reaction is Lmol −1s −1 .
For a second order reaction, rate=k[A] 2
molL −1s −1 =k(molL −1) 2
k=Lmol −1s −1
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What is the concentration of an aniline solution (c6h5nh2, kb = 3.8 x 10-10) that has a ph of 8.76?
It is a 5.76 m aniline solution .
Mass of the solution = 0.17m
Kb for C6H5NH2 = 3.8 x 10^-10
We know Ka for C6H5NH2 = 1.78x10^-11
We have Kw = Ka x Kb => Ka = Kw / Kb
=> (C2H5NH2)(H3O^+)/(C2H5NH3^+) => 1.78x10^-11 = K^2 / 0.17
K^2 = 3 x 10^-12 => K = 1.73 x 10^-6.
pH = -log(Kw(H3O^+)) = -log(1.73 x 10^-6) = 5.76
What is aniline solution?Organic substance aniline has the chemical formula C6H5NH2. The simplest aromatic amine is aniline, which consists of an amino group joined to a phenyl group. It is an important commodity chemical for industry and a flexible starting point for the synthesis of fine chemicals. The production of colors, industrial chemicals, and precursors to polyurethane are its principal uses. It smells like rotting fish, just like the majority of volatile amines. It easily ignites and burns with the smoky flame that is typical of aromatic chemicals.
In comparison to benzene, it has more electrons. As a result, it takes part in electrophilic aromatic substitution processes more quickly. It is also susceptible to oxidation; fresh aniline is a nearly colorless oil, but exposure to air causes it to gradually turn yellow or red.
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If you want to produce 6.83 mol of Al;Os, with how many grams of Al must you start
We must start with 368.82 grams of Al to produce 6.83 mol of [tex]Al_{2} O_{3}[/tex] .
The balanced reaction for the equation as follows:
[tex]4Al + 3O_{2}[/tex] ⇒ [tex]2Al_{2} O_{3}[/tex]
As we can see that 4 moles of Al reacts with 3 moles of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] to produce 2 moles of [tex]Al_{2} O_{3}[/tex], which means 108 grams of Al reacts with 96grams of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] to produce 204 grams of [tex]Al_{2} O_{3}[/tex].
Now,
2 mol of [tex]Al_{2} O_{3}[/tex] react with 108 grams of Al
So,
6.83 mol of [tex]Al_{2} O_{3}[/tex] react with = [tex]\frac{108}{2} *6.83[/tex] grams of Al
6.83 mol of [tex]Al_{2} O_{3}[/tex] react with = 368.82 grams of Al
Therefore, we must start with 368.82 grams of Al to produce 6.83 mol of [tex]Al_{2} O_{3}[/tex] .
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The phase changes of many substances are reversible, and a phase change, just like a chemical reaction, may reach providing it takes place in a(n) ________ system.
The answer would be in an equilibrium or closed system.
Because there will be no change in the given chemical reaction. Even if you want to add the catalyst in the given closed system there would be equal amount of sharing in both forward and backward reactions and hence no changing.
Equilibrium can only be acquired in a closed system where the reaction takes place in a closed holder or a vessel and nothing is lost i.e., reactants or products are lost.
So, in conclusion the phase changes in many substances are reversible and a phase change just like a chemical reaction may takes place in an equilibrium, closed system.
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The ph of a 0.15 m aqueous solution of nabro (the sodium salt of hbro) is 10.7. what is the k a for hbro?
The Ph of a 0.15 m aqueous solution of Na Br O (the sodium salt of H Br O) is 10.7. what is the k a for H Br O is 6.0[tex]E^{-9}[/tex].
What is an aqueous solution?An aqueous solution is a solution in which solvent is water. It is mostly shown in chemical equations by appending (a q) to relevant chemical formula. For example, solution of table salt, or sodium chloride (NaCl), in water would be represented as Na+(a q) + Cl−(a q). The word aqueous (which comes from aqua) means pertaining to, related to, similar to, or dissolved in, the water. As water is an excellent solvent and is also naturally abundant, it is ubiquitous solvent in chemistry. Since water is frequently used as solvent in experiments, the word solution refers to an aqueous solution, unless the solvent is specified.
A non-aqueous solution is a solution in which solvent is a liquid, but is not water.
Reactions in aqueous solutions are usually the metathesis reactions. Metathesis reactions are another term for the double-displacement; that is, when a cation displaces to form an ionic bond with the other anion. The cation bonded with latter anion will dissociate and bond with the other anion.
A common metathesis reaction in the aqueous solutions is a precipitation reaction. This reaction occurs when two aqueous strong electrolyte solutions mix and produce insoluble solid, also known as a precipitate. The ability of a substance to dissolve in water is determined by whether substance can match or exceed the strong attractive forces that water molecules generate between themselves. If the substance lacks the ability to dissolve in water, molecules form a precipitate.
When writing the equations of precipitation reactions, it is essential to determine precipitate. To determine the precipitate, one must consult chart of solubility. Soluble compounds are aqueous, while the insoluble compounds are the precipitate. There may not always be precipitate. Complete ionic equations and net ionic equations are used to show the dissociated ions in metathesis reactions. When performing the calculations regarding the reacting of one or more aqueous solutions, in general one must know the concentration, or molarity, of the aqueous solutions.
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oliver's science project consists of six sealed and labeled containers. he challenges his classmates to identify pure substances versus mixtures. identify each substance as a pure substance or mixture.
Oliver's science project consists of six sealed and labeled containers. he challenges his classmates to identify pure substances versus mixtures and in that sugar is pure substance and air, smog, chocolate milk, coffee this are mixture substance
Here from above given data six sealed containers in that six containers sugar is pure substance because pure substance is a single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kind of matter by any physical means called pure substance and sugar is pure and has a definite and constant composition, where air, smog, chocolate milk, coffee this are mixture substance because a mixture is a physical composition of two or more pure substances in which each substances retain its own chemical identity called mixture.
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help asap!!! Compare and contrast synthesis and decomposition reactions.
this will be copied and pasted FYI If answered already comment, please
Answer:
synthesis and decomposition has a high scientific value as synthesis and decomposition are one of the most important types of chemical reactions to occur in the nature. A chemical reaction is defined as the formation or breaking of chemical bonds between atoms to form new combinations of atoms. The atoms or combination of atoms involved in a chemical reaction is referred to as reactants and the newly formed substances are known as products. All the chemical reactions occur in the biological system are categorized into four types; synthesis reactions, decomposition reactions, exchange reactions, and reversible reactions. In this article, the difference between synthesis and decomposition will be discussed broadly.
Explanation:
What are the differences between Synthesis and Decomposition?•
Decomposition is the opposite of synthesis.•
Synthesis is the process of the formation of new bonds between reactants to form new products, whereas decomposition is the breaking of chemical bonds within reactants to form different products.•
Synthesis requires energy, whereas decomposition release energy.•
Decomposition reactions are collectively called catabolism, whereas synthesis reactions are called anabolism.•
Synthesis involved in the growth of body parts and repair body tissues. Decomposition takes place during the digestion of foods.
What is the empirical formula mass of c4h6f2? (atomic masses: c = 12 amu, h = 1 amu, f = 19 amu). enter your value as a whole number.
Molar Mass, Molecular Weight and Elemental Composition Calculator ; Carbon, C · 12.0107, 4, 52.1710 ; Hydrogen, H · 1.00794, 6, 6.5673.
What is Molar Mass,?The mass of a sample of a chemical compound is divided by the quantity of that substance, or the number of moles in the sample, measured in moles, to obtain the compound's molar mass in chemistry.
In contrast to molecular properties, a substance's molar mass is a bulk property. The compound is present in many different forms, each with a different mass as a result of the isotopes. The molar mass is the average of these masses. The molar mass is most frequently calculated using the standard atomic weights and is a function of the relative abundance of the constituent atoms' isotopes on Earth. It is thus a terrestrial average. In order to convert between a substance's mass and its amount, the molar mass is the suitable unit.
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How does a certain frequency of line occur in the hydrogen spectrum?
Answer: Your welcome!
Explanation:
A certain frequency of line in the hydrogen spectrum occurs when an electron in the atom transitions from one energy level to another, releasing or absorbing a photon of light with a specific frequency. This frequency is determined by the energy difference between the two levels and is referred to as the Rydberg equation. The Rydberg equation specifies the frequency of the photon as a function of the energy levels and the mass of the electron. The frequency of a line in the hydrogen spectrum is therefore determined by the energy difference between the two levels, as well as the mass of the electron.
How do the proper and improper rotation elements compare in the staggered forms of ethane and ferrocene?
The S6 (S2n) axis, which coincides with the C3 axis, and staggered ethane both have incorrect rotation axes. Cn stands for the correct rotation's 360/n-degree rotation about the axis. The C5 primary rotation axis of eclipsed ferrocene has five C2 axes that are perpendicular to it. S10 has an incorrect rotating axis.
With the chemical formula C 2H 6, ethane is an organic chemical substance. Ethane is a colourless and odourless gas at ordinary temperature and pressure. Fe(C5H5)2 is the formula for the organometallic compound ferrocene. The molecule is a complex made up of a core iron atom and two cyclopentadienyl rings.
The S6 (S2n) axis, which coincides with the C3 axis, and staggered ethane both have incorrect rotation axes. Ferrocene has an S10 incorrect rotation axis and is staggered. Ethane that is staggered belongs to the D3d point group. Cn stands for the appropriate rotation in staggered ethane, which is rotation about axis by 360/n degrees. The C5 primary rotation axis of eclipsed ferrocene has five C2 axes that are perpendicular to it. It belongs to the D5d point group as a result.
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9. a dosage is prescribed as 8.70 mg of medicine per kg of body weight. how many mg of medicine should be given to a 182 pound person? round your answer to a whole number (the ones place).
The amount of medicine that should be given to a 182-pound person is 718 mg.
To calculate the dosage of medicine we have to first convert the weight of a person from pound to kg
We know that,
1 pound = 0.454 kg
Thus, the weight of a person weighing 182 pounds is 182 x 0.454 = 82.628 kg.
The dosage prescribed is 8.70 mg of medicine per kg of body weight.
Thus, the dosage for 82.62 kg comes out to be 82.62 x 8.70 = 718.78 mg.
Thus, the amount of medicine that should be given to a 182-pound person is 718 mg.
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you find that a material with a mass of 45 grams occupies a space of 1 cubic centimeter; what measurement with derived units could you determine?
The material with a mass of 45 grams occupies a space of 1 cubic centimeter, the measurement given is density.
What is density?
Any unit that is defined as mass divided by volume is a mass density according to the density equation ( = m/V). There are numerous units for mass density in use due to the great number of units of mass and volume used to represent a wide range of magnitudes.
The two units for density that are perhaps most frequently used are the SI unit of kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m3) and the cgs unit of gram per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). There are 1000 kg/m3 in one g/cm3.
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The modern periodic table is organised into groups (columns) and periods (rows). Elements in the same period have similar __________. What completes the sentence?
PLSSS ANSWER
Answer:different numbers of electrons in their valance shells
Explanation:voodoo$
Answer:
the same number of valence electrons
Explanation:
What type of functional group or atoms would need to be present in the r-groups for hydrophobic interactions to occur between two amino acid?
The functional group or atoms needed to be present in the R-groups for hydrophobic interactions to occur between two amino acids are non-polar R-groups with hydrocarbon chain or rings.
Hydrophobic interaction are explains relation between water and low water soluble molecules. It describes the tendency of the non-polar groups to collect in any water solution.
Hydrophobic interactions happens among the non polar R-groups in the tertiary structure of amino acid.
The R groups are of varying size, shapes and charges. Hydrophobic interactions are important for tertiary structure of an amino acid, in which amino acids with non-polar R-groups join together on the inner side of protein, which leaves hydrophilic part on the outside.
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How does water solubility (that is whether it is a polar and therefore hydrophilic or non-polar and therefore hydrophobic molecule) affect signaling molecules?
Water solubility affect signaling molecules because water soluble ligand are polar and therefore cannot pass through plasma membrane
Hydrophobic molecule can diffuse through the plasma membrane and bind to internal receptor water soluble ligand are unable to pass free through the plasma membrane due to their polarity and must bind to an extracellular of the cell. there are so many signals are insoluble in water. signaling molecules are classified in two type hydrophilic and hydrophobic in which hydrophilic signaling molecules are binding to receptors proteins while hydrophobic signaling molecules are transport through bloodstream attached to hydrophilic center.
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explain the progression of ideas from a variety of scientists that led to the current understanding of atomic theory. (1 point)
The concept that each one matter is made up of tiny units called atoms was first proposed by Leucippus and Democritus, within the fifth century B.C. Dalton , in 1808 postulated that matter is formed of atoms, which are small indivisible particles
Atomic theory :The atomic theory of matter was first proposed by Dalton in 1808. Dalton atomic theory regarded the atom because the ultimate particle of matter.
In 1898, J.J Thomson, proposed that an atom possess a spherical shape during which positive charge is distributed uniformly and the electrons are embedded into it. So his model is named plum pudding model
Rutherford established his model in 1900. He found that, most space of an atom is empty and charged particle concentrated at the center of an atom called nucleus.
In 1913, Neils Bohr improved the model proposed by Rutherford. consistent with his concept electrons orbit the nucleus.
Erwin Schrödinger, in 1926 proposed electron cloud model. He explains the probability of finding electrons.
Hence, we will conclude that the order the sequence of ideas that led to the current model of the atom is,
1. Dalton developed the idea that all matter is made of atoms.
2. Thomson discovered that atoms contain electrons.
3. Rutherford discovered that atoms have a nucleus.
4. Bohr developed the model during which electrons orbit the nucleus.
5. Schrödinger developed the electron cloud model of the atom.
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A busen burner flame is sooty black and mixed with an organige- yellow color. which is the probable reason for this condition?
The probable reason for busen burner flame this condition insufficient oxygen mixing with gas
Why is that the Bunsen burner flame orange?A gas flame appearing yellow or orange in color or behaving with pops of yellow or orange indicates an improper ratio of oxygen for combustion. Often this improper combustion is temporary and will be caused by dust particles or a dirty burner that needs cleaning.
Why a sooty yellow flame is formed?The yellow/orange/red color is made by carbon soot particles in the flame, produced because the result of incomplete methane gas combustion
Under what conditions does one get a sooty flame?
A black un burned carbon particle are often seen in the sooty flame as this flame burns with a yellow flame due to incomplete combustion.
If there's insufficient air supply, then incomplete combustion of saturated hydrocarbons produces a sooty flame
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draw the lewis structure for carbon tetrabromide, cbr4. include lone pairs. select the intermolecular forces present between cbr4 molecules
The intermolecular forces present between the molecules of carbon tetrabromide (CBr4) are london dispersion forces.
What are lewis structures?
Dots are used to indicate the positions of electrons surrounding the atoms in a molecule's Lewis structure, and lines or pairs of dots stand in for covalent bonds between atoms. The goal of creating a Lewis dot structure is to locate lone electron pairs in molecules in order to better understand how chemical bonds are formed.
One carbon atom and four bromine atoms make up the chemical compound CBr4, often known as carbon tetrabromide. The carbon atom in the Lewis structure of CBr4 is surrounded by four single bonds, has four bromine atoms connected to it, and has three lone pairs on each of the bromine atoms.
The intermolecular forces present between the molecules of carbon tetrabromide are london dispersion forces.
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Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5730 yrs. what activity (in dps) would be expected for a 25.3 mg sample of carbon-14?
Activity would be expected for a 25.3 mg sample of carbon-14 is 25.296
Here given data is Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5730 yrs and expected for a 25.3 mg sample of carbon-14 =?
So here half life of Carbon-14 is t1/2=5730 yrs
This means that 5730 yrs the initial amount of carbon-14 will be halved
The radioactive constant is λ=ln2/t1/2 = ln2/5730=0.000121
The fundamental decay equation is m=m0e⁻λt
Initial amount of carbon-14 is m0=25.3
Therefore, 25.3×e⁰⁰⁰⁰¹²¹=25.296
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Lialh4 (lah) cannot be used to convert carboxylic acids to the corresponding aldehydes because:______.
LiAlH₄ (LAH) cannot be used to convert carboxylic acids to the corresponding aldehydes because RCOOH is reduced to RCH₂OH.
An organic molecule with the functional group RCH=O is known as an aldehyde. The functional group itself can be categorized as either a formyl group or an aldehyde.
Only when the correct reaction conditions are present in the reaction do specific organic reagents work as intended. For instance, only in the presence of a certain catalyst like Ni or Pt will hydrogen operate as a hydrogenating agent.
Powerful reducing agent LAH (lithium aluminum hydride) is the provided reagent. In the presence of carboxylic acids, it produces equivalent alcohols rather than aldehydes. The conversion of carboxylic acids to their equivalent aldehydes cannot be accomplished using it.
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The complete question is mentioned below:
LiAlH₄ ( LAH ) cannot be used to convert carboxylic acids to the corresponding aldehydes because:
a) LAH is not sufficiently reactive.
b) RCOOH is converted into RCOOLi.
c) RCOOH is reduced to RCH₂OH
d) RCOOH is reduced to RCH₃
e) RCOOH is converted into R₂C = O
If you have 140. ml of a 0.100 m mops buffer at ph 7.20 and you add 4.00 ml of 1.00 m hcl, what will be the new ph? (the pka of mops is 7.20.)
The pH(power of hydrogen) will be 7.18.
What is buffer solution?A buffer solution is an aqueous combination of a weak acid and either its conjugate base or base itself. When a modest amount of a strong acid or base is applied to it, the pH hardly changes at all.
Acidic Buffer: This substance is created when a strong base is combined with a weak acid and its salt.
Basic Buffer: This substance is created when a strong acid and a weak base with its salt are combined.
pH = pKa + log {[salt]- 0.002 moles HCl / [Acid]+ 0.002moles HCl
= 7.2 + log {0.1 -0.002/ 0.1+0.002}
pH = 7.18
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