If a fever were frequently generated, bacteria with a host would likely grow best at a temperature a few degrees higher than normal body temperature.
What are bacteria?Bacteria are tiny, single-celled creatures. Bacteria, which are vital to the world's ecosystems, are present almost everywhere. Some species can survive in environments with high pressure and temperatures.. In fact, it's believed that bacterial cells outnumber human cells in the human body.
What are the top 3 categories of bacteria?The fundamental shapes are three.
A single bacterium is referred to as a coccus, and cocci are bacteria that have a ball-like structure. One illustration is the streptococcus genus, which causes "strep throat."Bacilli are these rod-shaped organisms (singular bacillus).These are referred to as spirilla (singular spirillus).To know more about bacteria visit:
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Plants send what into the air?
A. Water vapor
B. Rainfall
C. Clouds
D. Snow
Answer: Water vapour
Explanation:
Delta waves are the type of brain waves associated with alertness. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f
The statement if false that delta waves are the type of brain waves associated with alertness.
Delta waves are the brain waves that are slowest. They are more prevalent in infants and children. They have a low frequency that are active when a person is sleeping or relaxing or meditating. A person is usually asleep when there are excessive number of delta waves.
Brain waves are the electrical impulses present in the brain. There are different types of brain that regulate various actions by the brain. The brain wave associated with alertness is the beta wave. The other brain waves are: theta, alpha, and gamma.
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answer: false
Explanation:
If you were to insert a microelectrode through the cell membrane of a neuron, you would be able to demonstrate that?
If you were to insert a microelectrode through the cell membrane of a neuron, you would be able to demonstrate that more negative ions are present in one area of the cell membrane than another area.
Explain microelectrode?An electrode used in electrophysiology known as a microelectrode is used to record brain impulses or to electrically stimulate nerve tissue (they were first developed by Ida Hyde in 1921). In order to act as an electrical conductor, 3 molar potassium chloride solutions are typically loaded into pulled glass pipettes with tip sizes of 0.5 m or smaller. The microelectrode turns electrically negative in comparison to the extracellular solution when the tip penetrates a cell membrane because the lipids in the membrane seal onto the glass, creating an excellent electrical connection between the tip and the inside of the cell.
Define cell membrane?All cells' interiors are protected from the outside world by a biological membrane called the cell membrane.
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Bacteria divide by a type of ______________________ called ____________________.
Bacteria divide by a type of asexual reproduction called binary fission.
In the field of science, asexual reproduction can be described as a reproduction process that involves a single parent. The offspring produced are identical to the parent cell in asexual reproduction because this type of reproduction occurs through the process of mitotic division.
A bacterial cell divides into two by the process of binary fission. Before division, the bacterial cell makes a copy of its genetic material. After a copy of the genetic material is made, the bacteria divide into two equal halves hence resulting in the formation of two daughter cells. As the genetic material is the same, the two daughter cells are identical copies.
Hence, bacteria divide by the asexual process called binary fission.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Bacteria divide by a type of ______________________ called ____________________.
a. sexual reproduction; binary fission
b. asexual reproduction; binary fission
c. asexual reproduction; elongation
d. sexual reproduction; replication
e. asexual reproduction; replication
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In a short essay (100-150 words), compare how membrane structures in the loop of Henle and collecting duct of the mammalian kidney enable water to be recovered from filtrate in the process of osmoregulation.
The glomerulus in Bowman's capsule filters blood from the renal artery to create filtrate. Reabsorption The remainder of the filtrate contents remain in the filtrate and depart the kidney in the ureter, whereas some of the filtrate contents are retrieved, enter capillaries, and exit in the renal vein.
The Three Steps in the Production of Urine
a cross-section of the glomerulus, a nephron structure
unwanted compounds are removed from the circulation by the kidneys, which also create urine to do so. Reabsorption Urine is produced in three stages: glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. These procedures make sure that the body is solely expelled of waste and extra water.
Water and other substances are removed from the bloodstream by the glomerulus.the glomerulus filters blood as part of blood flow all kidney
Large proteins and blood cells are kept in the bloodstream by the filtering membrane.Reabsorption Moves Nutrients and Water Back into the BloodstreamTo know more about reabsorption visit:
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How does the difference in size and cellular contents between sperm and eggs relate to their specific functions in reproduction?
The difference in size and cellular contents between sperm and eggs are each other's antagonists. Enormous versus little, round versus straight, cytoplasm versus nucleus.
Ovum is the female gamete, where the cells are adjusted circles and non-motile, and they are not separated into various parts.
Sperm is the male gamete which is a long, motile, lashed cell and is separated into head, neck, centerpiece, and tail, however, they are generally more modest in size.
The egg cell (or ovum) is the biggest human cell and, surprisingly, noticeable to the unaided eye. It is completely round and in this manner has the biggest volume according to the surface. The egg cell comprises of a lot of cytoplasms where the core is broken up until origination.
Sperm cells are the littlest human cells and are only core with a modest quantity of cytoplasm, some mitochondria(for the energy supply), and a long tail. They have barely any satisfaction and are the straightest cells.
Therefore, sperms and eggs are each other's antagonists.
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2018 hu comparison of surgical strategies between proximal nerve graft andor nerve transfer and distal nerve transfer based on functional restoration of elbow flexion a retrospective.pdf
In your hip, buttock, or thigh, proximal neuropathy is an uncommon and incapacitating kind of nerve injury. This kind of nerve injury normally just affects one side of your body, with very little chance of spreading to the opposite side. Men are more prone to proximal neuropathy than women are, and persons over 50 are more likely to get it.
What signs and symptoms show up in proximal neuropathy?A rare and incapacitating type of nerve damage in your hip, buttock, or thigh is proximal neuropathy.This form of nerve damage often only affects one side of your body, and there is very little risk that it will extend to the other side.Proximal neuropathy is more common in males than in women, and those over 50 are more likely to get it.Distal neuropathy (diabetic polyradiculopathy)severe hip, buttock, or thigh discomfort.shrinking and becoming weaker thigh muscles.getting up from a seated position is difficult.stomach (abdominal) or chest discomfort.To know more about peripheral neuropathy, refer to the following link:
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Assume that on average one out of every 10⁵ athrm B cells in the body is specific for antigen A on day 16 and that the number of B cells producing a specific antibody is proportional to the concentration of that antibody. What would you predict is the frequency of B cells specific for antigen A on day 36?
According to the given graph On day 36, the frequency of B-cells would be approximately 5×10³ cells.
Describe an antigen:A molecule, chemical structure, foreign particle, pollen grain, or any other substance that can attach to a particular antibody or T-cell receptor is called an antigen. An immunological reaction may be brought on by the presence of antigens in the body.
What three types of antigens are there?Exogenous (foreign to the host immune system), endogenous (made by internal bacteria and viruses reproducing inside a host cell), and autoantigens are the three basic methods to describe antigen (produced by the host)
How is antigen produced?The antigen may come from the body itself (self-protein) or from the environment ("non-self"). Due to negative selection of T cells in the thymus and B cells in the bone marrow, the immune system recognizes and kills "non-self" external antigens but typically does not respond to self-protein.
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below are ingredients found in an energy blend of an energy drink. which of these ingredients aids in digestion of some minerals of the body?
Below are ingredients found in an energy blend of an energy drink. Which of these ingredients aids in digestion of some minerals of the body?
- Taurine
- Glucuronic acid
- Phenylalanine
- Malic acid
- Tyrosine
Taurine helps in the digestion of some minerals in the body.
What does taurine do?Taurine is an organic compound that has a chemical similarity to amino acids, we find this chemical in energy drinks, but we also find it in foods such as meat, fish and dairy products. We see that taurine will be involved in the bile synthesis process.
It will also have antioxidant properties, which makes it strengthen the immune system by protecting the body from viruses and bacteria. It also prevents the formation of free radicals by donating electrons to reactive oxygen species.
Therefore, we can confirm that taurine helps in the digestion of some minerals in the body.
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PLEASE HELP
Which of the following statements describe
situations of passive transport across a cell
membrane?
(Choose all that apply)
Select one or more:
O a. A molecule disperses to create a uniform concentration throughout a solution
O b. A cell removes specific molecules
through a membrane based on size.
O c. A cell uses energy to move
molecules across a membrane from
an area of lower concentration to an
area of higher concentration.
O d. Water is moved across a membrane
to dilute a molecule that is highly
concentrated on the other side.
Answer:
B. A cell removes specific molecules through a membrane based on size.
D. Water is moved across a membrane to dilute a molecule that is highly concentrated on the other side.
Explanation:
Tapeworms sometimes infect the human alimentary canal, anchoring themselves to the wall of the small intestine. Based on how digestion is compartmentalized along the mammalian alimentary canal, what digestive functions would you expect these parasites to have?
None. Since the small intestine is where digestion is finished, predigested nutrients are simply absorbed by tapeworms through their large surface area.
Contrary to popular belief, tapeworms cannot eat since they lack digestive systems, despite the fact that they can be acquired through food. It takes a lot of effort to digest food, but tapeworms have developed a cunning method to avoid doing it: they let their hosts do it. Tapeworms have a skin-like layer on the outside of their bodies that is both resilient enough to resist being disintegrated by digestive fluids and permeable enough to let small pieces of food pass through. Although tapeworms don't have traditional digestive systems like mouths, stomachs, and intestines, they nevertheless have a primitive gut that runs throughout their entire bodies.Food is drawn into the tapeworm's body when muscles in the top part of the gut contract, where cells lining the gut eat it up like Pac-Man, extract the nutrients, and distribute them throughout the body.Learn more about the Tapeworm with the help of the given link:
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Diabetes is a group of disorders in which there is a defect in the transfer of _____ from the bloodstream into cells.
Diabetes is a group of disorders in which there is a defect in the transfer of GLUCOSE from the bloodstream into cells.
diabetes refers to a group of disorders in which there is a defect in the transfer of glucose from the blood stream into cellsThe function of insulin is help the body use glucose for energyThe most common nerve problem and diabetes is peripheral neuropathy which causes problems in hands and legs of the bodyThe condition where fat is broken down as a source of energy and ketones are produced as a byproduct is referred to as ketoacidosiswhat's the main cause of diabetes?
the exact cause of maximum varieties of diabetes is unknown. In all cases, sugar builds up in the bloodstream. this is because the pancreas doesn't produce sufficient insulin. each type 1 and type 2 diabetes may be resulting from a mixture of genetic or environmental elementsTo know more about Diabetes visit : https://brainly.com/question/14823945
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Why would runners have a lower production efficiency when running a long-distance race than when they are sedentary?
Runners have a lower production efficiency when running a long-distance race than when they are sedentary because they need energy obtained by acid lactic fermentation.
What is acid lactic fermentation?Acid lactic fermentation is a type of cellular metabolic pathway to obtain energy in the form of ATP that is less efficient than cellular respiration in terms of ATP generation.
In conclusion, runners have a lower production efficiency when running a long-distance race than when they are sedentary because they need energy obtained by acid lactic fermentation.
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Describe two ways in which a neuromuscular junction is similar to any excitatory cholinergic synapse.
Two ways in which a neuromuscular junction is similar to any excitatory cholinergic synapse are:
Secretion of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter from the axon terminal of the pre-synaptic neuron into the synapse.Binding of acetylcholine to post-synaptic neuron present on the muscle cells that may cause depolarization of the post-synaptic neuron.Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released during the parasympathetic nervous signaling. It regulates functions like motility of muscles, dilation of vessels, smoothen the heart rate, etc.
Depolarization is the phase of membrane potential when the inside of the cell is mess negative than the outside. It is also called hypo-polarization.
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Give at least three examples of key ecosystem services that nature provides for people.
The three examples of key ecosystem services that nature provides for people plants purify the air and water, microbes break down pollutants, bees pollinate flowers, and tree roots stabilise the soil to stop soil erosion.
Many of the essential services that enable people to live their lives are provided by ecosystems. Plants purify the air and water, microbes break down pollutants, bees pollinate flowers, and tree roots stabilise the soil to stop soil erosion. Together, these processes enable ecosystems to be healthy, sustainable, useful, and adaptable to change.
The advantage offered by ecosystem processes that control natural phenomena is referred to as a regulatory service. Pollination, decay, water filtration, erosion and flood management, carbon sequestration, and climate regulation are all examples of regulating services.
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Some disease-causing microbes attack the body by turning on or off specific signal transduction pathways. In the disease cholera, the bacterium vibrio cholerae causes massive diarrhea by interfering with such a pathway. A toxin from this bacterium enters intestinal cells and chemically modifies g proteins. Once modified, the g proteins can no longer cleave gtp into gdp. What would you expect to see within the intestinal cells of a person with cholera?.
Answer:
The G proteins remain activated and continually activate adenylyl cyclase.
Explanation:
in humans, the blood types a and b are codominant to each other and both are dominant to blood type 0. mrs. smith and mrs. doe were roommates at wilson hospital and both had daughters at about the same time. after mrs. smith took susie home, she became convinced that the babies had been switched. blood tests were performed with the following results:
Despite the fact that both parents have blood type A, Dad can pass on either his A or O gene variant. As a result, a kid has a one in four (or 25%) chance of having OO, or blood type O.
How heterozygous for blood types A and O are their children's genomes?If the father is homozygous, there is a 50% chance of having a blood type A kid and a 50% chance of having a blood type O child. If the father is homozygous, all of his children will be blood type A. The child's mother is Rh+.
She might be homozygous or heterozygous for one Rh+ allele and one Rh- allele.
Yes, if both fathers have blood groups A and B, a kid can have blood group O. In humans, the gene I regulates ABO blood grouping.
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How do cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons differ with respect to reabsorbing nutrients and concentrating urine?
Cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons differ with respect to reabsorbing because
Cortical Nephron is a tiny structural and functional unit of the kidney that only enters the outer renal medulla by a brief Henle loop. These nephrons' Malpighian corpuscles are found in the outer region of the renal cortex.
Every vertebrate has cortical nephrons. Cortical nephrons make up about 85% of all nephrons in the human kidney. They carry out a large portion of the body's regulatory and excretory processes.
The glomerulus, a tiny capillary network, is situated at the start of each cortical nephron in the outer renal cortex. The glomerulus' primary job is to filter blood that enters from an afferent arteriole in the renal arterial circulation. the filtration process, water, ions, and amino acids.
The kidney's juxtamedullary nephron is a tiny anatomical and functional unit with a protracted Henle loop that extends deep into the renal medulla. These nephrons' renal corpuscles are located near to the renal medulla.
Juxtamedullary nephrons are only found in mammals and birds. Juxtamedullary nephrons make up about 15% of all nephrons in the human kidney. A sizable glomerulus may be found at the start of each of them. In comparison to cortical nephrons, the juxtamedullary nephrons filter more fluid due to their larger glomeruli. Vasa recta form a dense network around the lengthy Henle loop. Concentrated urine is produced as a result of the hyperosmolar gradient that is created.
Juxtamedullary nephrons can concentrate or thin urine. Depending on how much water is absorbed
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Which division of the autonomic nervous system would likely be activated if a student learned that an exam she had forgotten about would start in 5 minutes? Explain your answer.
The division of the autonomic nervous system that would likely be activated if a student learned that an exam she had forgotten about would start in 5 minutes is known as the sympathetic division.
What is the Autonomic nervous system?The autonomic nervous system may be defined as a type of nervous system that is primarily responsible for the regulation of bodily functions like breathing, digestion, the heartbeat, etc.
The sympathetic division would most likely be activated in the circumstances like a stressful situation. This is because it is mediated by the fight-or-flight response. The action of remembrance and thinking is definitely controlled by the sympathetic division.
Therefore, the sympathetic division would most likely be activated if a student learned that an exam she had forgotten about would start in 5 minutes.
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A cross section of tissue layers from a whale is shown above. The thick layer of blubber insulates the whale against the extremely cold waters the whale inhabits. What class of biomolecule makes up this blubber layer?
The blubber is an adipose tissue that insulates the animals body, keeping its interior warm and avoiding heat loss. The biomolecules that make up this blubber layer are LIPIDS.
That is the function of blubber in cetaceans?Bubbler is a thick layer of fatty tissue covering cetaceans' bodies. Its main function is to insulate the animals from the environmental conditions in which they live.
Deep diver individuals are exposed to extremely low temperatures. To survive in these conditions, cetaceans have developed different strategies. One of them is having the bubbler.
This adipose tissue keeps the animal's interior warm enough to accomplish its physiological functions. Besides, it lets the outermost skin layer be as cold as the environment to avoid losing heat.
The composition of the blubber might vary among cetaceans. All of them are composed of lipids, but their lipidic nature might vary. Some of them exhibit more triacylglycerols, while others wax esters.
Besides, fatty acids are stratified through the tissue.
The biomolecule that makes up this blubber layer is LIPID.
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The compensation depth is the depth at which daily or seasonal ________ is sufficient to allow photosynthesis to occur.
The compensation depth is the depth at which any seasonal light is sufficient to allow photosynthesis to occur.
What is compensation depth?The depth at which the pace of carbonate accretion matches the speed of carbonate dissolution is known as the calcite compensatory depth (CCD) in oceanography. Rivers and hydrothermal vents in the deep ocean are the sources of carbonate entering the ocean.
The world's oceanic ridges are cut by the CCD, and as a result, they are mainly covered in carbonate oozes, a kind of biogenic ooze comprised of skeleton fragments. About half of the world's ocean floor is covered by carbonate oozes, which are mostly found at a depth of 4,500 metres (about 14,800 feet); below that depth, they dissolve swiftly.
Compared to the Pacific basin, the Atlantic basin's CCD is 500 metres (approximately 1,600 feet) deeper, which reflects both a higher rate of input and a slower rate of dissolution. The CCD has varied by nearly 2,000 metres because of changes in input, productivity, and dissolution rates throughout geologic history (about 6,600 feet).
Therefore, the depth at which any seasonal light is sufficient to allow photosynthesis to occur is called compensation depth.
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What factors other than temperature might also have varied across these 21 sites? How might this variation have affected the interpretation of the results?
The temperature characteristics of an area are prompted through herbal factors along with variation, elevation, and the presence of ocean currents. The precipitation traits of a region are stimulated by using factors that include proximity to mountain ranges and prevailing winds.
Temperature is an essential component of an environment. Temperature regulates the distribution of residing organisms. premier temperature promotes range. Temperature additionally regulates the physical nation of water.
Rising temperatures within the oceans have an effect on marine organisms. Corals are particularly prone to rise temperatures and ocean acidification can make it tougher for shellfish and corals inside the upper ocean to form shells and tough skeletons. we have also visible adjustments in the prevalence of marine algae blooms.
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Overall, what is the effect of moss on chemical weathering of rock? Are the results similar or different for granite and andesite?
There is a great effect of moss on chemical weathering of rock because mosses releases acid which can weather rocks.
What is the effect of moss on chemical weathering of rock?Mosses and lichens can dissolve the rock when they grow on the rocks by releasing different acids. This process disintegrate and alter the chemical composition of rocks. This type of weathering is called chemical weathering. Non-vascular plants such as mosses and lichens can greatly increase the weathering of the rock when they grow on it.
So we can conclude that there is a great effect of mosses on chemical weathering of rock because mosses release acid which can weather rocks.
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One factor favoring rapid population growth by an introduced species is the absence of the predators, parasites, and pathogens that controlled its population in the region where it evolved. In a short essay (100-150 words), explain how evolution by natural selection would influence the rate at which native predators, parasites, and pathogens in a region of introduction attack an introduced species.
A sudden decrease in prey populations brought on by the introduction of new predators can diminish the food available to the current inhabitants.
Natural selection is a process in which more environment-adapted organisms tend to survive and reproduce more. A sudden decrease in prey populations brought on by the introduction of new predators can diminish the food available to the current predators. A new species may outcompete a native species after being introduced to an ecosystem.
A few hundred years ago, wealthy folks imported grey squirrels from North America and released them in their yards. The newer, larger grey squirrel couldn't compete with our smaller native red squirrel. Larger size allows grey squirrels to store more fat and endure harder winters. Red squirrel populations and habitats have so drastically declined.
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A long structure leaving the cell body that action potential travel along is called the?
A long structure leaving the cell body that action potential travel along is called the Axon
The long, thin design in which action potentials are generated; the transmitting part of the neuron. After initiation, action possibilities travel down axons to cause release of neurotransmitter.
What is the extended elongation of a neuron called?
Neurons have a large digit of extensions called dendrites. They often look likes branches or spikes growing out from the cell body. It is primarily the surfaces of the dendrites that receive chemical news from other neurons. One extension is distinct from all the others, and is called the axon.
What are cell body myelin sheath and axon?
Axons range in length from a fraction of an inch to several feet. In some axons, glial cells form a fatty substance understood as the myelin sheath, which covers the axon and acts as an insulator, improving the speed at which the signal crosses.
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What is the primary function of carbohydrates attached to the exterior of cell membranes?.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
What characteristics relating to location or gland structure allow you to differentiate sebaceous and sweat glands?.
According to the research, the correct option is that sweat glands control body temperature and excrete waste products, unlike sebaceous glands whose characteristic is that they secrete sebum into the hair follicle.
What are sebaceous glands?They are saccular structures of the dermis, especially abundant in the scalp, that help maintain the hydrolipidic layer of the skin since the secreted sebum has the function of lubricating the hair and the skin that surrounds the gland and helps prevent evaporation of sweat.
In this sense, the sweat glands fulfill a function of thermoregulation and through the sweat they produce, sodium chloride and waste products are eliminated, they are tiny in structure and are located in the dermis.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is that sweat glands control body temperature and excrete waste products, unlike sebaceous glands whose characteristic is that they secrete sebum into the hair follicle.
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If the ventral cells of an early frog gastrula are experimentally induced to express large amounts of a protein that inhibits BMP-4, could a second embryo develop? Explain.
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 is known as BMP-4 (BMP - 4).
On the dorsal side of an embryo, BMP-4 appears to be inactivated by the cells of the organizer by generating proteins that bind to it and prevent it from sending a signal. As a result, dorsal structures like the neural tube and notochord can arise.
Because decreasing BMP-4 activity would have the same effect as transplanting an organizer, a second embryo might emerge if the ventral cells of an experimentally-induced premature frog gastrula express proteins that block BMP-4.
Small vertebrates called amphibians can almost exclusively be found in wet environments. They have unique skin with glands that create helpful proteins. They are members of the phylum Chordata and kingdom Animalia. They inhabit both land and sea. They were the first terrestrial creatures with chilled blood.
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How have periods of glaciation influenced latitudinal patterns of diversity?
Glaciations have severely reduced diversity in northern temperate, boreal, and Arctic ecosystems, compared to tropical ecosystems.
What is Glaciation?This is defined as the study of ice and its various impacts in the environment such as latitudinal patterns of diversity.
Glaciation has led to less plant and animal life being available in northern temperate, boreal, and Arctic ecosystems due to the harsh conditions which is usually characterized by lack of food and shelter as a result of the extremely cold conditions. However , the tropical systems have has more diversity due to the large number of available resources in the area.
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Which process in the nephron is least selective? a. filtration b. reabsorption c. active transport d. secretion
Filtration process in the nephron is the least selective and hence option (a) is the correct answer.
(i) Filtration- First, body fluid is collected. The initial fluid collection usually involves filtration through selectively permeable membranes consisting of a single layer of transport epithelium. These membranes retain cells as well as proteins and other large molecules in the body fluid; hydrostatic pressure forces water and small solutes, such as salts, sugars, amino acids and nitrogenous wastes, into the excretory system. This fluid is called filtrate. Even when filtration occurs, fluid collection is non-selective and essential molecules are recovered from the filtrate and returned to the body fluids.
(ii) Reabsorption- This step is a selective process and excretory system use active transport to reabsorb valuable solutes such as glucose, certain salts and amino acids from the filtrate.
(iii) Secretion - Non essential solutes, wastes i.e., excess salts, ions, toxins are extracted from the body fluids and are added to the contents of the excretory tubule. This step also uses energy.
(iv) Excretion - The processed filtrate is then excreted from the system and from the body as urine.
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