The molecular formula of caffeine is C₈H₁₀N₄O₂
To find the molecular formula of caffeine, we need to determine the ratio of the empirical formula to the actual molecular formula. The empirical formula gives us the smallest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound, while the molecular formula gives us the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
First, we need to calculate the empirical formula mass of caffeine:
Empirical formula mass = (4 x atomic mass of carbon) + (5 x atomic mass of hydrogen) + (2 x atomic mass of nitrogen) + (1 x atomic mass of oxygen)
Empirical formula mass = (4 x 12.01 g/mol)+ (5 x 1.01 g/mol) + (2 x 14.01 g/mol) + (1 x 16.00 g/mol)
Empirical formula mass = 96.09 g/mol
Next, we can calculate the ratio of the molar mass of caffeine to the empirical formula mass:
Ratio = Molecular mass / Empirical formula mass
Ratio = 194.19 g/mol / 96.09 g/mol
Ratio = 2.02
This ratio tells us that the molecular formula of caffeine is approximate twice the size of the empirical formula. To find the molecular formula, we can multiply the subscripts in the empirical formula by the ratio:
C₄H₅N₂O × 2 = C₈H₁₀N₄O₂
Therefore, the molecular formula of caffeine is C₈H₁₀N₄O₂.
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actetic acid only partially ionizes in water
Acetic acid only partially ionizes in water as it is a weak acid.
Weak Acids are the acids that do not completely dissociate into their constituent ions when dissolved in solutions.
When dissolved in water, an equilibrium is established between the concentration of the weak acid and its constituent ions.
Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is a weak acid with the chemical formula CH₃COOH. It is known to be the active component of vinegar.
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Describe how to use Le Chatelier’s principle to predict the possible ways a chemical system can respond to changes.
When an equilibrium system is put under stress, Le Chatelier's principle may constitute used to forecast changes in equilibrium concentrations.
A rule that states that if a system is in equilibrium and a constraint is given to it (such as a change within pressure, temperature, or reactant concentration), the equilibrium will shift and tend to compensate for the effect caused by the constraint. This is Le Chatelier's principle.
When an equilibrium system is put under stress, Le Chatelier's principle may constitute used to forecast changes in equilibrium concentrations. However, the adjustments required to reach equilibrium might not be as evident if we have a combination of reactants and byproducts that are still not at equilibrium.
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Why are some Hydro flow rolling pins HFO refrigerants classified as a a2l
Hydro flow rolling pins HFO refrigerants classified as a A2L because they contain a fluorine.
Some Hydro Fluoro Olefin (HFO) refrigerants are classified as A2L according to the ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers) classification system for refrigerants. The "A" in A2L stands for "lower toxicity," and the "2" indicates "lower flammability."
The classification of refrigerants is based on their potential toxicity and flammability. A2L refrigerants are considered to have lower toxicity and lower flammability compared to other types of refrigerants. They have specific thermodynamic properties that make them suitable for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.
Fluorine makes HFO refrigerants less flammable than hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). which are highly flammable. A2L refrigerants have lower global warming potential (GWP) and ozone depletion potential (ODP), which makes them a more sustainable choice for certain applications.
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Hydro flow rolling pins HFO refrigerants are a type of refrigerant used in air conditioning systems. The 'a2L' is a safety classification from ASHRAE that indicates these refrigerants are mildly flammable but have lower flammability. Such classifications are used for safety considerations.
Explanation:The Hydro flow rolling pins HFO refrigerants are designed for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. An HFO refrigerant is a hydrofluorolefin refrigerant; they are a new class of refrigerants that have a very low planet-warming potential.
The designation a2L is actually a safety classification set by ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) and it means that these refrigerants are mildly flammable but exhibit lower flammability. The '2' indicates that the refrigerant has low flammability and the 'L' means it has a lower burning velocity. These classifications inform technicians and engineers about the safety considerations they need to be aware of when handling and working with these substances.
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To measure the reaction heat more accurately at isobaric condition, what modification (s) would you suggest making on the coffee cup calorimeter ?
To measure the reaction heat more accurately at isobaric condition, we can add a lid to the calorimeter to prevent heat loss due to evaporation.
Thus, to measure the reaction heat more accurately at isobaric condition, some certain modifications can be made to the coffee cup calorimeter which includes adding a lid to the calorimeter to prevent heat loss due to evaporation to keep the pressure inside the calorimeter constant.
Using a magnetic stir bar to ensure even mixing of the reactants to ensure the accurate temperature readings, use of thermometer with a smaller stem to reduce the amount of heat transferred from the solution to the thermometer, etc. are some other modifications that can be made on the coffee cup calorimeter to measure the reaction heat more accurately at isobaric condition.
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ties there khat is Chemical Compound?
Answer:
In chemistry, a compound is a substance made up of two or more different chemical elements combined in a fixed ratio. When the elements come together, they react with each other and form chemical bonds that are difficult to break.
Explanation:
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40n and 53n what is the magnitude of the net force on the crate
The magnitude of the net force on the crate is 13 N.
Generally, in science, the word 'force' has a very precise meaning. Force is usually described as a push or a pull.
Generally the magnitude of the force is described as the number which is used to represent the strength of the force. Let's consider an example, suppose the force is equal to 10 N towards the east direction and 'towards east' indicates direction while '10' indicates the magnitude of the force. So we can say that basically, Magnitude is the 'value' or 'amount' of any physical quantity.
Here, assuming that the two forces are acting opposite,
Net force = 53 N - 40 N = 13 N
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A chemist wants to make a 17.85 %(m/m) solution of NaCl using a only 50.0 g of the salt. How much water is needed to make the solution? Numerical answer only. No units.
The mass percentage is an important method which is used to calculate the concentration of a solution. The amount of water needed to add in order to make 17.85 % NaCl solution is 230.1 g.
What is mass percentage?The mass percentage of a component in a solution is defined as the mass in grams of that component present per 100 g of the solution. The term mass percentage is denoted as w/w. It is used to calculate the concentration of a binary solution.
Mass percentage = Mass of the component in the solution / Total mass of solution × 100
17.85 = 50.0 / 50.0 + x × 100
0.1785 (50.0 + x) = 50.0
8.925 + 0.1785 x = 50.0
0.1785 x = 41.075
x = 230.1 g
Thus the amount of water added to make the solution is 230.1 g.
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Please help 100 points can be made. And first answer would be marked brainiest.
Write what you know about chemical reactions in living things.
Answer:
Chemical reactions in living things are the chemical processes that occur within living organisms to maintain their biological functions. These reactions are essential for metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli. They involve the conversion of one or more substances into new substances with different physical and chemical properties.
Some examples of chemical reactions in living things include:
Cellular respiration: the process by which cells convert nutrients into energy in the form of ATP. This process involves the oxidation of glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
Photosynthesis: the process by which plants and other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process involves the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
Digestion: the process by which food is broken down into simpler substances that can be absorbed and used by the body. This process involves the hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids into simpler molecules such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids.
DNA replication: the process by which cells make copies of their DNA before cell division. This process involves the synthesis of new strands of DNA from existing strands.
Chemical reactions in living things are regulated by enzymes, which are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Enzymes are specific to particular substrates and are critical for the proper functioning of metabolic pathways. Any disruption in these chemical reactions can lead to metabolic disorders and diseases.
Explanation:
Calculate the molar solubility, S , of CuS if it has a Ksp value of 6×10−37.
The molar solubility of CuS is 7.8 x 10⁻¹⁹ M.
The solubility product expression for CuS is:
Ksp = [Cu²⁺][S²⁻]Since CuS dissociates to form one Cu²⁺ ion and one S²⁻ ion, the molar solubility of CuS can be represented as x. Therefore, at equilibrium:
[Cu²⁺] = x[S²⁻] = xSubstituting these values in the Ksp expression:
Ksp = x²Solving for x, we get:
x = √(Ksp) = √(6 x 10⁻³⁷) = 7.8 x 10⁻¹⁹ MTherefore, the molar solubility of CuS is 7.8 x 10⁻¹⁹ M.
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The complete question is:
Calculate the molar solubility, S , of CuS if it has a Ksp value of 6×10⁻³⁷.
How is the kinetic energy of the particles of a substance affected during a phase change?
• Kinetic energy increases during exothermic changes and decreases during endothermic changes.
• Kinetic energy decreases during exothermic changes and increases during endothermic changes.
• Kinetic energy does not change, but the potential energy does.
• Kinetic energy changes in the opposite way that the potential energy changes.
The kinetic energy of the particles of a substance affected during a phase change is Kinetic energy does not change, but the potential energy does.
What is phase change?A phase change can be described as the physical process whereby the substance can be transformed from one phase to another.
It should be noted that the change do take place in a case whereby you are adding as well as removing heat which can be considered as melting point or the boiling point of the substance and this can be understood using phase change.
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Select the correct answer. What effect does increasing the temperature have on a reaction? A. The rate constant and reaction rate are both decreased. B. The rate constant and reaction rate are both increased. C. The rate constant is increased and the reaction rate is decreased. D. The rate constant is decreased and the reaction rate is increased.
Answer:
The correct answer is B
Explanation:
The rate constant and reaction are both increased
A test tube with a cell length of 2.0 cm is filled with a solution that has a molar absorptivity of 0.47 L/(mol*cm)* and a concentration 0.215 M. What should this solutions absorbance be?
/*hint, this L/(mol*cm) is just the unit of molar absorptivity. It will not be included in the calculation
The molar absorptivity of the solution is 1.093 L/(mol*cm).
What is the absorbance of a solution?The Beer-Lambert rule, which states that absorbance is equal to molar absorptivity (a constant that indicates how strongly a material absorbs light) times the substance's concentration times the length of the light's passage through the solution, describes this relationship.
We know that we can use the formula;
A = εcl
A = Absorbance
ε = absorptivity
c = concentration
l = path length
ε= A/cl
ε= 0.47/0.215 * 2
ε = 1.093 L/(mol*cm)
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Another component of acid rain is nitric acid, which forms when NO2, also a pollutant, reacts with oxygen and water according to the simplified equation 4NO2(g)+O2(g)+2H2O(l) → 4HNO3(aq) The generation of the electricity used in a medium-sized home produces about 16 kg of NO2 per year. Part A Assuming that there is adequate O2 and H2O, what mass of HNO3, in kg, can form from this amount of NO2 pollutant? Express the mass to two significant figures and include the appropriate units
The mass of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] that can form from 16 kg of [tex]NO_2[/tex] pollutant is 22 kg
The balanced equation for reaction between [tex]NO_2[/tex], oxygen, and water to form nitric acid :
[tex]4NO_2[/tex](g) + O2(g) + [tex]2H_2O[/tex](l) → [tex]HNO_3[/tex](aq)
Molar mass of [tex]NO_2[/tex] is 46.01 g/mol, so :
16 kg / 46.01 g/mol = 347.77 mol of [tex]NO_2[/tex]
We see that for every 4 moles of [tex]NO_2[/tex], 4 moles of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] are produced.
Therefore, number of moles of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] produced from 347.77 mol [tex]NO_2[/tex] is:
moles of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] =[tex]4/4 * 347.77\ mol = 347.77\ mol[/tex]
The mass of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] produced is:
mass of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] = 347.77 mol x 63.01 g/mol = 21.92 kg
Rounding to two significant figures and including the appropriate units, the mass of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] that can form from 16 kg of [tex]NO_2[/tex] pollutant is 22 kg.
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Why are Plinian eruptions more violent than Hawaiian eruptions?
OA. Plinian volcanoes have more viscous magma.
B. Hawaiian volcanoes are made of limestone instead of granite.
OC. Hawaiian volcanoes have less magma.
OD. Plinian volcanoes have stronger rocks.
Choose the best term or phrase to fill in the blanks in the sentences below. Not all answer choices will be used. Question 10 options: (2) The probability that these parents will have an offspring affected with sickle cell anemia is ______ percent. (3) The probability that their offspring would also be a carrier like them is ______ percent (1) The image shows the cross between two parents who are carriers for sickle cell anemia, a recessive genetic disorder that affects the red blood cells in humans. Both parents are considered to be ______________.
The image shows the cross between two parents who are carriers for sickle cell anemia, a recessive genetic disorder that affects the red blood cells in humans. Both parents are considered to be carrier.
The scientific study of inheritance and genes is covered in this page, along with details on the structure of DNA, chromosomes, gene variants, and the evolution of living beings and their genomes.
(1) The image shows the cross between two parents who are carriers for sickle cell anemia, a recessive genetic disorder that affects the red blood cells in humans. Both parents are considered to be carrier. (2) The probability that these parents will have an offspring affected with sickle cell anemia is 50 percent. (3) The probability that their offspring would also be a carrier like them is 50 percent.
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When you write the formula for sodium hydroxide, you do not have to put parentheses around the hydroxide polyatomic ion. However, when writing the formula for aluminum hydroxide, you must put parentheses around the hydroxide polyatomic ion. a) Write each formula. b) Explain why the parentheses are necessary for aluminum hydroxide.
(a). Sodium hydroxide: NaOH, aluminum hydroxide: [tex]Al(OH)_3[/tex]
(b). The parentheses are necessary for aluminum hydroxide because the hydroxide polyatomic ion has a subscript of 3, indicating that there are three hydroxide ions for every one aluminum ion.
a) The formula for sodium hydroxide is NaOH, and the formula for aluminum hydroxide is [tex]Al(OH)_3[/tex]
b) Aluminum hydroxide requires brackets because there are three hydroxide ions for every one aluminum ion, according to the hydroxide polyatomic ion's subscript of 3. Without the parentheses, it would be unclear whether the subscript of 3 applies to only the oxygen or to the entire hydroxide ion. By enclosing the entire hydroxide ion in parentheses and placing the subscript outside the parentheses.
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Determine the mass of 2.62 mol of iron(III) sulfate.
The molar mass of 2.62 mol of iron(III) sulfate is 1050.8 g.
Thus, the molar mass of iron(III) sulfate can be calculated by summing the atomic masses of its constituent atoms. The molar mass of a compound is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms present in a chemical formula of the compound which is then multiplied by the number of atoms of each element in the formula.
In iron(III) sulfate, the atomic mass of iron will be 111.70 g/mol. The atomic masses of Sulphur and oxygen will be 96.18 g/mol and 192.0 g/mol, respectively. Adding atomic masses of its constituent atoms will be 400.88 g/mol. Therefore, the molar mass of 2.62 mol of iron(III) sulfate is 1050.8 g.
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In a coffee-cup calorimeter, 130.0 mL of 1.3 M NaOH and 130.0 mL of 1.3 M HCl are mixed. Both solutions were originally at 21.8°C. After the reaction, the final temperature is 30.5°C. Assuming that all the solutions have a density of 1.0 g/cm^3 and a specific heat capacity of 4.18 J/°C · g, calculate the enthalpy change for the neutralization of HCl by NaOH. Assume that no heat is lost to the surroundings or to the calorimeter.
H = ? kJ/mol
The heat capacity of a substance or system is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature through 1°C. It is an extensive property and its value depends on the quantity of matter present.
The heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the substance through 1°C is the specific heat capacity.
Heat required is:
q = mc (T₂ - T₁)
m = V × ρ
q = (130 + 130) × 1.0 × 4.18 ( 30.5 - 21.8) = 9455.16 J
9455.16 J = 9.45516 kJ
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9.0 mol Al reacts with 6.0 mol O2 to
form Al2O3 according to the
reaction below:
4A1+302 → 2Al2O3
How many moles of Al2O3 form from
6.0 mol O2?
[?] mol Al₂O3
Round your answer to the tenths place.
mol ALO
HELP PLS TO MOVE ON !!
4.0 moles of Al₂O₃ will be form from 6.0 moles of O₂.
How to solve for the amout that would form oxygen(2 moles Al₂O₃) / (3 moles O₂)
= (x moles Al₂O₃) / (6.0 moles O₂)
To solve for x, we can cross-multiply:
(2 moles Al₂O₃) * (6.0 moles of O₂)
= (3 moles of O₂) * (x moles of Al₂O₃)
12.0 moles Al₂O₃ = 3x moles Al₂O₃
Now, divide both sides by 3:
x = 4.0 moles Al₂O₃
So, 4.0 moles of Al₂O₃ form from 6.0 moles of O₂.
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How do characteristics of the planets,moons, and smaller objects in the solar system compare?
The planets, moons, and smaller objects in the solar system have several characteristics are; Size, Composition, Orbits, Atmosphere, and Evolution.
Planets are generally much larger than moons and smaller objects in the solar system. For example, the largest planet in our solar system, Jupiter, has a diameter of about 143,000 kilometers, while the Moon, Earth's natural satellite, has a diameter of about 3,474 kilometers.
Planets are typically made up of a combination of rock and/or gas, while moons and smaller objects can have a variety of compositions. Moons can be rocky, icy, or a mix of both, while smaller objects such as asteroids and comets can also have diverse compositions including rock, metal, ice, and other materials.
Planets and moons have different orbits around the Sun or their respective planets. Planets orbit the Sun in nearly elliptical paths, while moons orbit their parent planet in elliptical or nearly circular orbits.
Planets and some moons can have substantial atmospheres, while smaller objects in the solar system may have little to no atmosphere. For example, Earth has a dense atmosphere composed mainly of nitrogen, oxygen, and trace gases, while the Moon has no significant atmosphere.
Planets, moons, and smaller objects in the solar system have different origins and evolutionary histories. Planets are thought to have formed from the solar nebula, a cloud of gas and dust left over from the formation of the Sun. Moons can form throuugh various mechanisms, such as accretion, capture, or giant impacts. Smaller objects, such as asteroids and comets, are remnants from the early solar system and can provide valuable information about its history and evolution.
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A reaction vessel contains an equilibrium mixture of SO2, O₂, and SO3. The reaction proceeds such that:
2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) <—>2SO3 (g)
The partial pressures at equilibrium are:
PS0₂ = 0.002318 atm
PO2 = 0.002930 atm
PS03 = 0.0166 atm
Calculate alp for the reaction
The Kp of the reaction is seen to be 1.75 * 10^4
What is the equilibrium constant?A high Kp value indicates that the equilibrium is in favor of the products, whereas a low Kp value suggests that the equilibrium is in favor of the reactants.
The relative concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium are shown by the equilibrium constant.
We know that;
Kp = pSO3^2/pO2 . pSO2^2
Kp =(0.0166)^2/ 0.002930 (0.002318)^2
Kp = 2.8 * 10^-4/1.6 * 10^-8
Kp = 1.75 * 10^4
The Kp of the reaction is gotten as 1.75 * 10^4.
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The formation of magnesium bromide from Mg and Br2 is represented in the particle diagram. Which of the following statements about the reaction is correct?
Based on the particle diagram provided and the given statements, the correct statement about the reaction is; Mg is oxidized because it loses two electrons as it forms Mg²⁺. Option A is correct.
In the particle diagram, Magnesium (represented as Mg) loses two electrons, indicated by the arrows pointing away from the Mg particle. This means that Mg undergoes oxidation, as it loses electrons and its oxidation state increases from 0 to +2 when it forms Mg²⁺. Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state.
On the other hand, Br₂ (represented as Br Br) gains two electrons, indicated by the arrows pointing towards the Br Br particles. This means that Br₂ undergoes reduction, as it gains electrons and its oxidation state decreases from 0 to -1 when it forms Br⁻. Reduction is defined as the gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state.
Hence, A. is the correct option.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"'Mg Br Mg? Br Br Br The formation of magnesium bromide from Mg ad Brz is represented in the particle diagram. Which of the following statements about the reaction is correct? A) Mg is oxidized because it loses two electrons as it forms Mg²⁺? B) Mg is reduced because it gains two electrons as it forms Mg? C) Br is oxidized because it gains an electron as it forms Br Br is reduced because it loses proton as it forms Br J3DE'."--
Answer: Mg is oxidized because it loses two electrons as it forms Mg²⁺
Explanation:
The equilibrium constant, K, for the synthesis of ammonia
N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) <—>2NH3(g)
is approximately 44005 at 127 °C.
What is the value of K, for the decomposition of ammonia at 127 °C, as described by the following equation?
NH3 (g)<—> 1/2N₂(g) + 3/2 H₂(g)
The value of K, for the decomposition of ammonia at 127 °C is 2.27x10⁻⁵
Understanding Equilibrium ConstantThe Equilibrium Constant is denoted by K and it is a quantitative measure of the extent to which a chemical reaction reaches equilibrium.
It is defined as the ratio of the concentrations (or partial pressures) of the products to the concentrations (or partial pressures) of the reactants, with each concentration or partial pressure raised to a power equal to its stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical equation.
For a general chemical equation:
aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD
The equilibrium constant expression is written as:
K = [tex]\frac{[C]^c[D]^d}{[A]^a[B]^b}[/tex]
where [A], [B], [C], and [D] represent the molar concentrations (or partial pressures) of the reactants and products at equilibrium, and a, b, c, and d represent their stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced chemical equation.
Back to our main question, the equilibrium constant for the reverse reaction (decomposition of ammonia) can be obtained from the equilibrium constant of the forward reaction (synthesis of ammonia) using the relationship:
Kreverse = 1 / Kforward
where Kforward is the equilibrium constant for the synthesis of ammonia.
Substituting the given value of Kforward:
Kreverse = 1 / 44005 = 0.0000227
In standard form, we have 2.27x10⁻⁵
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A sample of gas occupies 50.0L at 15.0 Cand 640.0 mmHg pressure. What is the volume at STP?
Answer:
2.00 L of a gas is collected at 25.0°C and 745.0 mmHg
Explanation:
Magnesium (Mg) has nine electrons. Which of the following shows the correct electron configuration for an atom of Mg? 1, 8
The correct electron configuration for an atom of Magnesium (Mg) is 2, 7.
What is electron configuration?The distribution of electrons among an atom's or ion's energy levels and sublevels is referred to as electron configuration. It outlines how electrons are grouped in numerous shells and subshells surrounding an atom's nucleus.
The electron configuration is frequently expressed in shell and subshell notation, such as 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p², where the numbers represent the energy level or shell and the letters s, p, d, and f represent the sublevels or orbitals inside each shell.
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Trimethylamine is a weak base. A 0.150 M solution of trimethylamine has a pH of 11.5.
What is Kb for trimethylamine?
Kb for trimethylamine is 1.0 × 10^-2.5.
We can use the relationship between Kb and Ka for a conjugate acid-base pair:
Kb × Ka = Kw
The pKa is related to the pH :
pKa + pKb = 14.00
pKb = 14.00 - pKa
We can calculate the pKa using the relationship:
pH = pKa + log([base]/[acid])
Therefore, [base] = [acid], and we can simplify equation to:
pH = pKa + log(1)
Therefore, the pKa of trimethylammonium ion is 11.5.
Now :
Kb × Ka = Kw
Kb = Kw ÷ Ka
Since we know that Kw = [tex]1.0 * 10^{-14[/tex]and Ka =[tex]10^{-11.5[/tex] (from the pKa value we calculated earlier), we can substitute these values to get:
[tex]Kb = (1.0 * 10^{-14}) / (10^{-11.5}) = 1.0 * 10^{-2.5[/tex]
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How much energy is required to heat 186 grams of water from 32 degrees Celsius to 90
degrees Celsius?
et D Q.No. 9 Convert 1-bromopropane to 2-bromopropane.[2]
1-bromopropane can be converted to 2-bromopropane through a substitution reaction with sodium iodide in acetone.
Conversion of 1-bromopropane to 2-bromopropaneOne possible method to convert 1-bromopropane to 2-bromopropane is through a substitution reaction with sodium iodide (NaI) in acetone. The following procedure can be followed.
Dissolve 1-bromopropane and sodium iodide in dry acetone in a round-bottom flask.Reflux the mixture for several hours with stirring and heating to about 50-60°C. This allows for the formation of an alkyl iodide intermediate.After cooling the reaction mixture, add water to it and extract the organic layer with a separating funnel.Dry the organic layer with anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and filter it to remove any solid impurities.Concentrate the organic layer by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain 2-bromopropane as a product.More on 1-bromopropane can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/31149600
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2 Pretest Unit 5 Question 22 of 30 Why are there so many carbon-based compounds? O A. Carbon can form compounds with any other element in the periodic table except noble gases. OB. Carbon can form up to six bonds with other carbon atoms and atoms of other elements. OC. Carbon can form single, double, or triple bonds and can bond with itself and other elements. D. Carbon can form ionic, covalent, and metallic compounds under the right conditions. ZA
The why there are so many carbon-based compounds is that B. Carbon can form up to six bonds with other carbon atoms and atoms of other elements.
What is the uniqueness of carbon?Carbon can be described as the element that posses 4 electrons in its outermost shell, and it has the asbility to gain or loss 4 electrons to so it can have nobel gas configuration.
It should be noted that Catenation is one of the unique ability of carbon which help it to form bonds with other atoms of carbon and due to this reason, it have the ability to record a long chains of different types of compounds.
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1. Calculate the % H₂O for each of the following hydrated metal salts?
1. Molecular formula: CaSO4 * 2 H₂O, % water: ???
2. Molecular formula: CoCl2 * 6 H₂O, % water: ???
3. Molecular formula: CuSO4* 5 H2O, % water: ???
4. Molecular formula: MgSO4 * 7 H₂O, % water: ???
2. Based on your Experimental Calculations from the Data Sheet, what is the identity of
your unknown. (Choose from one of the four choices above).
3. What is the % error? (Use only one of your trials for your calculation.)
The percentage composition of the water of hydration for each compound is shown below.
Percentage of water of hydrationThe percentage of water of hydration, also known as percent water of crystallization, is a measure of the amount of water that is chemically bound to a salt or other compound as part of its crystal structure.
1) For CaSO4 * 2 H₂O
36/172 * 100/1
= 21%
For CoCl2 * 6 H₂O
108/238 * 100/1
= 45%
For CuSO4* 5 H2O
90/250 * 100/1
= 36%
For MgSO4 * 7 H₂O
126/246 * 100/1
= 51%
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