The organic product formed when octyl acatate reacts with sodium hydroxide is octan-1-ol and sodium acetate.
CH3COOCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2(Octyl acetate) + NaOH
------> HOCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2(Octan-1-ol) +
CH3COONa
What is ester?
By mixing an oxoacid with a hydroxyl molecule, such as alcohol or phenol, esters are chemical compounds that are created. Esters are used often. The majority of fats and oils that are produced spontaneously are fatty acid esters of glycerol.
Ester examples are fats and oils. The melting point of their esters distinguishes them from one another. The ester is thought of as an oil if its melting point is lower than room temperature.
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If two versions of the same element have different numbers of electrons, at least one must be an ________;
If two versions of the same element have different numbers of electrons, at least one must be an ion.
Isotopes are the atoms of same element that have different number of neutron in them but same number of protons and electrons in them.
Isobars are the elements of different elements having same mass number but different atomic number.
But if the elements are same and the number of protons and neutrons are same but they have different number of electrons in them then they are atoms and ions.
Ions can be divided into cations and anions.
If the number of electrons in the ion is more than the number of electron in its atomic form then it forms an anion.
If the number of electron in the ion is less than the number of electrons in its atomic form then it forms a cation.
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Which compound could not be made by the alkylation of ethyl acetoacetate, followed by decarboxylation?
Alkylation of ethyl acetoacetate followed by decarboxylation could not produce base.
What is alkylation?
By nucleophilic assault on a haloalkane, the conjugate base is alkylated. The alkylated acetoacetate is hydrolyzed, which causes the keto acid to be decarboxylated and produces a ketone. The alkylated malonate ester undergoes hydrolysis, which results in the diacid's decarboxylation and acid's production.
Alkylation is a chemical process whereby an alkyl group is added to or substituted onto a molecule of an organic substrate. Alkane molecules without hydrogen atoms are referred to as alkyl groups. For instance, the removal of a hydrogen atom from methane produces methyl groups, the most basic type of alkyl.
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If a reaction takes several days to occur without an enzyme how quickly can it occur with an enzyme.
If a reaction takes several days to occur without an enzyme it can occur in a few seconds with an enzyme.
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins that hasten chemical reactions and act as biological catalysts. Substrates are the substances that interact with enzymes, and the enzyme changes the substrates into products, which are other molecules. The majority of cellular metabolic activities must use enzyme catalysis to go forward at rates fast enough to sustain life. An enzyme is a type of biological catalyst that is typically always a protein. It quickens a certain chemical process in the cell. During the reaction, the enzyme is continuously used and is not destroyed.
Thus, If a reaction takes several days to occur without an enzyme it can occur in a few seconds with an enzyme.
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The process of gas molecules moving quickly and spreading out in all directions is called
Answer:
Diffusion
Explanation:
Diffusion is the process in which gas molecules move from a region of higher to lower concentration.
in their experiment that showed that organic compounds and amino acids could have been synthesized in an abiotic environment, urey and miller combined which gases in a flask to simulate the early earth’s atmosphere?
In their experiment that showed that organic compounds and amino acids could have been synthesized in an abiotic environment, urey and miller combined hydrogen , methane , ammonia and water vapor gases in a flask to simulate the early earth’s atmosphere .
Organic compounds can be synthesized in a laboratory setting .There are four major categories of organic compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids all of which can be synthesized in a laboratory. Organic compounds are identified by the presence of both carbon and hydrogen (and sometimes other elements like O, N, S). The carbon dioxide is not an organic compound There are no H atoms, hence carbon dioxide is not organic . There are hundreds of thousands of organic compounds .
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What type of atom has been assigned a mass in order to act as a comparison for other types of atoms?
Carbon-12 (C-12) has been assigned a mass in order to act as a comparison for other types of atoms.
What is atomic mass?
Atomic mass refers to the mass of an atom (ma or m). Although the unified atomic mass unit (symbol: Da) is widely used to express atomic mass, the kilogramme (symbol: kg) is the SI measure of mass (u). The mass of an unbound carbon-12 atom in its ground state is 112 Da. Protons and neutrons make up almost all of an atom's mass, with electrons and nuclear binding energy making up the majority of the remaining mass. As a result, the mass number and the atomic mass have values that are highly comparable. Mass in kilogrammes can be converted to mass in daltons using the atomic mass constant.
Thus, in order to serve as a benchmark for other atom kinds, carbon-12 (C-12) has been given a mass.
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i need the answers pleaseee! this is acids and bases for chemistry
What is this notation type below? Using this shorthand symbol identify the number of protons and neutrons in each of the following
141 Ce, 140 Ce
The notation type below is nuclide.
In 141 Ce we have 58 protons, 83 neutrons and in 140 Ce we have 58 protons and 82 neutrons.
An isotope is what?An isotope of a chemical element is any of two or more species of atoms that have almost similar chemical properties, the same atomic number, location in the periodic table, and different atomic masses and physical properties. Every chemical element has one or more isotopes.
What role do neutrons play in atoms?Two subatomic particles known as neutrons and protons are found in the nucleus of every atom. The only exception is hydrogen, which contains one proton in its nucleus. Neutrons are somewhat heavier than positively charged protons and have an electric charge that is neither positive nor negative.
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Consider the combustion of methane (ch)4. suppose 39.8g of ch4 combust according to the following balanced equation. how much heat would be absorbed or produced? h=-890.1kj/mol
The amount of heat absorbed or produced by the combustion of 39.8 g of CH₄ is 2214 kJ.
The reaction of combustion of methane(CH₄) is as follows:
CH₄ + 2O₂ ⇒ CO₂ + 2H₂O
The ΔH for combustion of methane is given to be -890.1 kJ/mol.
This is the value of heat released when the combustion of 1 mole of CH₄ occurs.
The molar mass of methane is 16 g.
As the heat released by 16g of CH₄ is 890 kJ.
The heat released by 39.8 g of CH₄ is 890/16 x 39.8 = 2214 kJ.
Thus, the amount of heat absorbed or produced by the combustion of 39.8 g of CH₄ is 2214 kJ.
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5. Bismuth has a density of 9.75 g/cm³. What is the mass of 3.02 cm' of
bismuth
The mass of 3.02 cm³ of Bismuth is 29.45 grams.
Bismuth is an element that belongs to group 15 of the periodic table.
We know that the density(ρ) of a substance is given by the following formula,
Density (ρ) = Mass of the substance/Volume of the substance
As the density and volume of the metal are given, the mass of the element can be calculated by putting the given values in the given formula.
9.75 g/cm³ = Mass/3.02 cm³
Mass = 29.45 grams
Thus, the mass of 3.02 cm³ of Bismuth is 29.45 grams.
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What is the major organic product obtained from the following sequence of reactions? ch3ch=ch2 hf hno3 h2so4 nacr2o7 h2so4
The compound "A" further reacted with HNO3 and h2so (Nitration reaction mixture) to produce compound "B".
What is nitration reaction?Nitration is a broad category of chemical reactions used in organic chemistry to add a nitro group to an organic molecule. The phrase is also wrongly used to refer to a distinct technique of creating nitrate esters when nitric acid and alcohols are combined (as occurs in the synthesis of nitroglycerin).Benzene is nitrated using HNO3 in the nitrating mixture. For the nitration of benzene, it serves as a base and supplies the electrophile NO2+ ion. The attacking species is the nitronium ion that is produced.Concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid are combined to create a nitrating mixture. It is used to add nitro groups to the substrate that has been provided. It is a reaction of the electrophilic substitution variety.Nitric acid is activated by sulfuric acid in the first step of nitration (HNO3 H N O 3 ). The activation of nitric acid results in the formation of the nitronium ion. A highly soluble substance that is frequently used as a reactant in chemical reactions is sulfuric acid (H2SO4 H 2 S O 4).The compound "A" further reacted with HNO3 and h2so (Nitration reaction mixture) to produce compound "B".
The compound "B" on further reaction with Strong Oxidizing agent like nacr2o7 h2so4 produces Carboxylic acid.
Alkyl groups that contain benzylic hydrogens undergo Oxidation to acids with strong oxidizing agents.
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the complete oxidation of one mole of a sugar produces carbon dioxide and water. 2000 kj of heat is transferred from the system to the surroundings. the rearrangement of bonds as 0.5 moles of the sugar are oxidized generates heat in an open test tube (101 j•l–1pressure and 300 k temperature).
In complete oxidation of one mole of a sugar, change in enthalpy is -1000kJ.
According to the first law of thermodynamics,
Δ U = Q + W
w = 0.
Heat (q) generated by 0.5 mole of sugar = -2000 kJ
So, 1 mole of sugar will generate amount of heat is
= -2000kJ * 0.5
= -1000 kJ
So, putting the values into the formula
ΔU = q + w
= -1000 kJ + 0
= -1000 kJ
Additionally, in accordance with the definition of enthalpy, enthalpy and internal energy have the following relationships.
ΔH = ΔU + PΔV
As change in volume is 0.
ΔH = ΔU
= -1000 kJ
We may say that the system's change in enthalpy (ΔH) is -1000 kJ.
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A chemist did an experiment to find out if fluorine reacts with xenon. The two gases
were mixed in a glass container. The only product detected was silicon fluoride.
Explain what happened.
When a chemist did an experiment to find out if fluorine reacts with xenon. The two gases were mixed in a glass container. The only product detected was silicon fluoride because fluorine reacted with silicon from glass.
All of the halogens strongly react with silicon to generate silicon tetrahalides. In order to create silicon(IV) fluoride, it combines with the elements fluorine (F2).Silicon tetrafluoride, also known as tetrafluorosilane, is a chemical compound having the formula SiF4.
The small liquid range of this colorless gas is noteworthy; the difference between its melting and boiling points is only 4°C. It was initially created in 1771 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who dissolved silica in hydrofluoric acid. John Davy later created it in 1812. Silicon tetrafluoride is a corrosive, tetrahedral molecule.
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Physics 204 lab gas properties simulation why do the numbers fluctuate in the simulation?
With the use of a straightforward user interface, GasSim lets users change the temperature, volume, or number of moles of a chosen gas while also assessing how the simulation variable's effect on pressure changes.
What are the properties of gas?
Three distinctive qualities distinguish gases:
They are simple to compress, they increase in size to fill their containers, and they take up far more room than the liquids or solids from which they originate.
Gases don't have a fixed volume or shape. They entirely occupy all of the available area. The ability of gas particles to travel freely throughout the accessible area is the cause of the characteristic or properties of gases to fill the available volume within a container.
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an aqueous solution of 0.783 m silver nitrate, , has a density of 1.11 g/ml. the percent by mass of in the solution is %
The percent by mass in the solution is 40.1%
Take a sample of this solution equal to 1 L. Utilize the supplied density to calculate its mass.
1.00L * 1000mL /1L * 1.47 g/mL = 1470 g
This 1.00-L solution will now include
n=c*V
c=n V
n=3.47 moles/L*1.00Lfrom n=3.47moles/L*1.00L.
Calculate how many grams of silver nitrate would contain this many moles 3.47 by using the molar mass of the compound.
mols of AgNO3
169.87 g*1 mole AgNO3 = 589.4 g AgNO3
The mass of the solute, in your case silver nitrate, is divided by the mass of the solution and multiplied by 100 to determine the solution's percent concentration by mass.
%w/w = Mass of solute/mass of solution x100
%w/w=589.4g
1470g×100=40.1%
The percent by mass in the solution is 40.1%
Graphing Periodic Properties
-somebody please help me out with this please
By graphing periodic properties we can identify that which compounds lies in which period or group and what are their properties.
What is Periodic Table?The periodic table is a formation of all the elements which are very well known to man according to their increasing atomic number and their chemical and physical properties.They are arranged in a tabular arrangement in form of a row (also known as period) and a column (also known as group). Elements are arranged very well from left to right and from top to bottom of their increasing atomic number.Elements in the same group consist of same valence electron arrangement and therefore having, similar type of chemical properties.The first 94 elements which are present in the periodic table are generally naturally occurring.the rest from 95 to 118 will have only which being formed in laboratories or nuclear reactors.' Mendeleev Periodic Table:Dimitri Mendeleev, which is commonly known as the father of the periodic table put from forth the first iteration of the periodic table similar to the one we use now. Mendeleev created his periodic table on the basis of increasing number of atomic mass, whereas, in the modern periodic law it says according to based on the increasing order of atomic numbers.Mendeleev’s Periodic Table was published in the German journal in 1869.In, modern periodic table , we can able to identify the no. of electron an atom can fill .helps in giving the position of players . their role , physc chemical properties.
Thus, from the above conclusion we can say that, by graphing periodic properties we can identify that which compounds lies in which period or group and what are their properties.
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2. What charge(s) does an ion have, positive, negative, or neutral?
Ion have positive as well as negative charges. Ions do not have neutral charge. Atoms posses neutral charge.
Ions are atoms with unequal numbers of protons and electrons.Either positively or negatively charged ions are possible. An atom is referred to as an ion if it has an electrical charge.Atoms that have completed outer valence electron shells and obey the octet law begin to lose or receive electrons, resulting in the formation of ions.Simple ions are Na+, Ca2+, and Cl–.Polyatomic ions are (NH4)+, (CO3)2-, and OH–.An atom gains electrons and becomes an anion when it has more electrons than protons, showing that the amount of protons and electrons is not balanced. it has negative charge.When an atom loses electrons, it changes into a positive ion called a cation, which has a positive charge because it has fewer electrons than protons.There ions have only positive and negative charges.
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A 2.40-mol sample of oxygen gas is confined to a 4.91-l vessel at a pressure of 8.05 atm. find the average translational kinetic energy of the oxygen molecules under these conditions.
A 2.40-mol sample of oxygen gas is confined to a 4.91-l vessel at a pressure of 8.05 atm, average translational kinetic energy of the oxygen molecules under these conditions is 4.15*10power-21
What is kinetic energy?The kinetic energy is energy that an object has because of its motion. If we want to accelerate an object, then we have to must apply a force, applying a force requires us to do work. After the work has been done, the energy has been transferred to the object, and the object will be moving with a new constant speed. The energy transferred is known as the kinetic energy, and it depends on the mass and speed achieved.
Kinetic energy can be transferred between the objects and transformed into other kinds of energy. For example, a flying squirrel might collide with the stationary chipmunk. Following the collision, some of initial kinetic energy of the squirrel might have been transferred into the chipmunk or transformed to some other form of energy.
How to calculate kinetic energy?To calculate the kinetic energy, we follow the reasoning outlined above and begin by finding the work done, W, by a force, F, in a simple example, consider a box of mass m being pushed through distance d along a surface by a force parallel to that surface.
K.E.=3/2 KbT
=3/2[(8.05*1.013*10power5*4.91*10power-3)/2.40*6.022*10power23)]
=4.15*10power-21
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What effect does a 300 mosmolar solution of a non-penetrating solute have on a cell, and how does this differ from the effect of a 300 mosmolar solution of a penetrating solute?
The effect a 300 mosmolar solution of a non-penetrating solute have on a cell.
What are non penetrating and penetrating solutes?
These solute particles' capacity to penetrate or not penetrate the membranes separating the solutions is referred to as "penetrating and non penetrating." Penetrating solutes: substances capable of penetrating a membrane. Non-penetrating solutes are those that are incapable of permeating a membrane.
Since the water concentrations in the intracellular and extracellular fluid are the same and the solutes cannot enter or exit the cells, if cells are placed in a solution of nonpenetrating solutes with an osmolarity of 300 mOsm, they will neither expand nor shrink.
An isotonic fluid will be non-penetrating and have no impact on the cell. A hypotonic solution is always produced by penetrating solutes, which will lyse the cell.
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URGENT !! I'LL GIVE BRAINLIEST IF YOU WANT! 100 POINTS
Which statement is NOT TRUE about molecules and compounds?
A. Compounds are made up of the same type of atom.
B. Molecules are made up of two or more chemically bonded atoms.
C. All molecules and compounds are made of atoms.
D. All compounds are molecules.
The statement that is not true about molecules and compounds is compounds are made up of the same type of atom. The correct option is A.
In chemistry, molecules and compounds are fundamental ideas. Two or more atoms that are chemically linked together make up a molecule.
A specific class of molecule known as a compound is made up of various atom types that are chemically combined in predetermined ratios.
As the fundamental units of matter, atoms make up all molecules and compounds. However, it is untrue to say that all compounds contain the same kind of atom.
While molecules can be made up of atoms from the same element or from different elements, compounds are created by the mixing of various types of atoms.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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the series in the he spectrum that cooresponds to the set of transitions where the electron falls from a higher level
The group of transitions in the he spectrum where the electron drops from a higher level into the n = 4 state.
What is spectram series?
With wavelengths determined by the Rydberg formula, the emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen has been segmented into a variety of spectral series. The electron in an atom moves between two energy levels, producing the spectral lines that have been observed.
A group of lines in the spectrum of light generated by excited atoms of an element, each line in the group being connected to the others by a straightforward mathematical equation and being associated with a certain energy level of the element's atoms.
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Acids help digest proteins by: group of answer choices neutralizing them false partially denaturing them true preventing their absorption false cleaving pepsinogen true
Neutralizing them: FALSE.
What does denature mean?Some proteins in food denature when it is cooked. Because of this, cooked flesh solidifies and boiled eggs become hard. Egg whites, which are normally primarily egg albumins in water, are a famous example of denaturing in proteins. Egg whites are clear and liquid right out of the eggs.As a result of denaturation, many of the weak connections or bonds (such as hydrogen bonds) that give proteins their highly organized structure in their native (natural) state are broken. Most denatured proteins are insoluble and have a looser, more erratic structure.When part of the hydrogen bonds in a protein are broken, the protein loses some of its natural structure and becomes denatured. When weak hydrogen bonds are subjected to an acid or too much heat, they will break (like citric acid from lemon juice).Denaturation is the process that results in a protein losing its structure. Denaturation is typically brought on by the protein being subjected to external stressors such solvents, inorganic salts, exposure to acids or bases, and heat.Acids hp in the digestion of proteins by ;
NEUTRALISING THEM: FALSE.
PARTIALLY DENATURATING THEM: TRUE beacuse acids denature proteins and make them to lose their activity
PREVENTING THEIR ABSORPTION: FALSE
CLEAVING PEPSINOGEN:: TRUE pepsinogen os cleaved and then converted into active pepsin, which converts proteins into peptones and peptides.
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a. water in a 150 ml container volume with a diameter of 12 cm evaporates faster and therefore has a greater vapor pressure than a container with a volume 75 ml a diameter of 5.5 cm
The diameter of 150 ml container has more space and so its exposed, so it evaporates more quickly in lesser time.
What is vapor pressure?The vapour pressure is due to escaping tendency of water molecule from surface of liquid. Vapour pressure is dependent on the number of molecules on the surface of liquid.If number molecules on surface of molecules is greater, greater would be the vapour pressure.Reason can be described as, 150 mL container is with 12 cm diameter evaporates faster because its surface area is larger and it has more number of water molecules on the surface. So, it has greater vapour pressure than the 75 ml container and the water also evaporates faster due to large surface area and more exposure.
So, that the vapour pressure occurs between the molecues.
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the molecular geometry of a water molecule is [ select ] , including [ select ] lone pairs of electrons. this causes the overall shape of the molecule to be [ select ] . each bond in the water molecule is [ select ] and the overall molecule is [ select ] . bonds between separate water molecules are [ select ] bonds.
Water molecule has distorted tetrahedral geometry. O atom has 2 lone pairs and 2 bond pairs of electrons.
What is electrons?The electric charge of the electron, a subatomic particle, is a negative one elementary charge. Since they have no known components or substructure, electrons, which are part of the lepton particle family's first generation, are typically regarded to be elementary particles. The proton's mass is around 1836 times greater than that of the electron.
The electron's inherent angular momentum (spin), which is measured in terms of the scaled-down Planck constant,, is one of its quantum mechanical properties. The Pauli exclusion principle states that because electrons are fermions, no two of them may be in the same quantum state. Since they can collide with other particles and can be diffracted like light, electrons share characteristics with all elementary particles.
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determine the number of valence electrons in each of the following neutral atoms carbon nitrogen oxygen iodine
The number of valence electrons in given neutral atoms, i.e. carbon is 4, nitrogen is 5, oxygen is 6 and iodine is 7
Valence electrons refers to the number of electrons that are present in the very last shell of the atom.
These electron can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed.
Carbon :
Atomic Number = 6
Electronic configuration is - 2, 4
Hence, number of valence electrons = 4
Nitrogen :
Atomic number = 7
Electronic configuration is - 2, 5
Hence, number of valence electrons = 5
Oxygen :
Atomic Number = 8
Electronic configuration is - 2, 6
Hence, number of valence electrons = 6
Iodine :
Atomic Number = 53
Electronic configuration is - 2, 8, 18, 8, 7
Hence, number of valence electrons = 7
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specify whether each of the items listed is hydrophilic or hydrophobic by dragging the labels into the appropriate box.
Hydrophilic;
Polar compounds
water
ions
glucose
Hydrophobic;
Triglycerides
cholesterol
Lipids
Oil
Carbohydrates
The term hydrophilic substances are used to describe the substances that could dissolve in water. They are those substances that are water-soluble. Somehow, the substances must be polar because in chemistry like dissolve.
Hydrophobic substances are those substances that do not dissolve in water. They are nonpolar and interact with other nonpolar substances.
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Although part of your question is missing the complete question is to specify whether each of the items listed is hydrophilic or hydrophobic by dragging the labels into the appropriate box.
Hydrophilic;
Polar compounds
water
ions
glucose
Hydrophobic;
Triglycerides
cholesterol
Lipids
Oil
PLEASE HELP ILL MARK BRAINEST!! 40 POINTS!!
1. What is the chemical reaction shown above? What kind of reaction is this?
2. What is the difference between the two different reactions shown in the chart above? What can you determine about the role a catalyst plays in a reaction?
3. This chart above compares the reaction rate of a naturally occurring chemical reaction vs. the same reaction when an enzyme is involved.
a. Compare the differences between the two reactions, but also note what they have in common.
b. Explain the role the enzyme plays in the second reaction
c. Explain what the three bumps in the second reaction means and why the original reaction only has one bump.
Answer:
What is the difference between the two different reactions shown in the chart above? What can you determine about the role a catalyst plays in a reaction?
Explanation:
A cinder block sits on a platform 20 m high. If it has a mass of 8 kg, find its energy.
There is a cinder block on a 20-meter-high platform. If it has a mass of 8 kg The energy is 1568 joules.
What do you mean by mass?a numerical representation of the fundamental characteristic of all matter, inertia. In essence, it's the resistance of a mass of matter to changing its direction or speed in reaction to the application of a force. The more mass a body possesses, the smaller the change that is brought about by an applied force.
How would you measure mass?The formula F = m a, where F is force, m is mass, and an is acceleration, can be used to calculate mass. Determine the force, which is equivalent to weight, the acceleration, which is equivalent to gravity, and the mass.
Calculation:mass= 8 kg
height= 20 m
acceleration= 9.8
The energy can be calculated as follows
= mgh
= 8×9.8×20
= 1568
The energy is 1568 joules.
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in each box, write the number of 's that each labeled carbon has. for example, if the carbon next to the letter a has 's write in the box marked a.
a = 0, b = 0 and c= 1
Carbon a has 3 bonds with carbon and no hydrogen, carbon b has 4 bonds with carbon and no hydrogen and carbon c has only 1 bond with carbon and 3 bonds with hydrogen
What is carbon?
Carbon is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic mass 6.
It is a chemical building block of all the life on earth. It is widely distributed forming organic compounds when combined with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen etc.
Carbon can easily form bond with hydrogen and oxygen atoms
Thus, a = 0, b = 0 and c= 1
Carbon a has 3 bonds with carbon and no hydrogen, carbon b has 4 bonds with carbon and no hydrogen and carbon c has only 1 bond with carbon and 3 bonds with hydrogen.
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Your question is incomplete, but probably your complete question was
in each box, write the number of H's that each labeled carbon has. for example, if the carbon next to the letter a has 3H's write in the box marked a.
The image is attached
How many neutrons are produced in the reaction? express your answer as an integer.
After completing the reaction, the number of neutrons generated is 2 neutrons.
What are neutrons in an atom of the reaction?
The neutron is an elementary particle that goes by the letters n or n0. It has a neutral charge—one that is neither positive nor negative—and a mass that is somewhat higher than that of a proton. Protons and neutrons make up the atom's nucleus. Due to their comparable functions inside the nucleus and masses of around one atomic mass unit, protons and neutrons are both referred to as nucleons.
Neutron generators, research reactors, and spallation sources are examples of dedicated neutron sources that generate free neutrons for use in neutron scattering and irradiation investigations.
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