The present value of the first option is X, which means that the present value of an infinite stream of $140 payments discounted at the same rate is also X. Therefore, X = 140/0.12 = 1166.67.
To calculate the present value of the second option, we need to discount the $1971.24 payment back to time t=0 using the 12% discount rate for 10 years, which gives us a present value of $535.68. Then we need to calculate the present value of the infinite stream of $140 payments starting at t=11, which is X/(1+0.12)^10. Therefore, X/(1+0.12)^10 + $535.68 = X. Solving for X, we get X = $1740.54.
Therefore, the answer is (a) $1,740.54.
The first option is an infinite stream of $140 payments, and the second option is a payment of $1971.24 followed by an infinite stream of $140 payments. We can use the present value formula to calculate the present value of each option, set them equal to X, and solve for X.
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how materials are received how desbirs are disposed of and how everyday works and visitors circulate throuhg the job site
The given statement, "How materials are received, how debris are disposed of, and how everyday work and visitors circulate through the job site," is true (T) because it pertains to the logistics and organization of a job site in terms of receiving materials, disposing of debris, and managing the flow of workers and visitors.
In any job site, there are multiple logistics that must be taken into account to ensure that the project runs smoothly. One of these is the management of incoming materials, which may involve coordinating with suppliers, checking inventory, and organizing storage. Another important consideration is the disposal of waste and debris, which must be handled in a safe and environmentally responsible manner.
Finally, there is the matter of managing the flow of workers and visitors throughout the job site, which can involve creating clear pathways and ensuring that all individuals are following appropriate safety protocols. Effective management of these logistics is crucial for ensuring that the project is completed on time, within budget, and with the highest possible level of quality.
This question should be provided as:
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You bought 1,000 shares of Altona Ltd 5 years ago. Over the years you have attended the annual general meetings and carefully read through Altona Ltd’s financial statements. While you have been generally satisfied with the amount of annual dividends, recently you have become a little concerned with declining share prices. You became particularly alarmed when media published several photos showing Altona management’s Hawaiian management retreats. Taking into consideration the management behaviour critically discuss the relationship between a corporation’s shareholders and management. Analyse the problems and costs related to this relationship and explain with example how a company may structure management compensation to mitigate such costs.
Problems and costs related to this relationship include conflicts of interest and impact on the company's reputation. Companies may design management compensation in a way that aligns it with shareholders' interests in order to reduce these costs. They might, for instance, link executive compensation to performance measures.
The relationship between a corporation's shareholders and management is an important one that can significantly impact the performance and success of the company. In this case, the declining share prices and management's behaviour at Hawaiian retreats are cause for concern.
Shareholders entrust management with their investment and expect them to act in the best interest of the company and its shareholders. However, when management engages in lavish spending and fails to prioritize shareholder value, it can lead to a breakdown in trust and a decline in share prices.
One problem related to this relationship is the potential for conflicts of interest. For example, management may prioritize their own compensation and benefits over the needs of shareholders. This can lead to a misalignment of interests and a lack of focus on long-term company performance.
Another cost related to this relationship is the impact on the company's reputation. When management engages in behaviour that is perceived as excessive or inappropriate, it can damage the company's brand and make it less attractive to investors and customers.
To mitigate these costs, companies may structure management compensation in a way that aligns their interests with those of shareholders. For example, they may tie executive compensation to performance metrics such as earnings per share or return on investment. This incentivizes management to focus on long-term growth and profitability rather than short-term gains.
In addition, companies can establish strong governance practices, including independent board oversight and regular reporting and disclosure, to ensure that management is accountable to shareholders and acting in their best interest.
Overall, the relationship between a corporation's shareholders and management is critical to the success of the company. By prioritizing transparency, accountability, and alignment of interests, companies can foster a positive and productive relationship that benefits both shareholders and management.
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the political-economic context in which international financial institutions pressure states to adopt neoliberal economic policies has caused a flourishing of
The political-economic context in which international financial institutions pressure states to adopt neoliberal economic policies has caused a flourishing of: market-driven economies, global trade, and private sector involvement.
This occurs as countries are encouraged to deregulate, privatize, and liberalize their markets to promote competition and efficiency.
Step 1: International financial institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, advocate for neoliberal economic policies that prioritize free-market principles and minimal government intervention.
Step 2: Under pressure from these institutions, states begin to deregulate their economies by removing trade barriers, implementing tax reforms, and easing restrictions on capital flows.
Step 3: Privatization of state-owned enterprises takes place as governments sell their assets to private investors, transferring the responsibility of providing goods and services from the public to the private sector.
Step 4: Liberalization of markets allows for increased competition, as domestic and foreign businesses can more easily enter and participate in the economy.
Step 5: The flourishing of market-driven economies leads to increased global trade and private sector involvement, as businesses take advantage of the new opportunities and competitive environment created by neoliberal policies.
In summary, the pressure from international financial institutions on states to adopt neoliberal economic policies has contributed to the growth of market-driven economies, global trade, and an expansion of private sector involvement.
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A tabor saving device system save $2,000 per year for five (5) years. It can be installed at a cost of $8,000. The rate of return on this planned investment is most nearly a = 12 36% b.i =10.36% c.10% d. 9.36%
The rate of return on this planned investment is most nearly 10.36%. The correct answer is b.
To calculate the rate of return on this investment, we need to use the formula for net present value (NPV). NPV takes into account the initial cost of the investment and the expected cash inflows over a period of time, discounted to their present value.
Using the given information, we can calculate the NPV as follows:
NPV = [tex]-8000 + (2000/1.12) + (2000/1.12^2) + (2000/1.12^3) + (2000/1.12^4) + (2000/1.12^5)[/tex]
NPV =[tex]-8000 + 1782.14 + 1587.54 + 1415.25 + 1263.55 + 1129.73[/tex]
NPV =[tex]$1248.21[/tex]
Since the NPV is positive, the investment is expected to earn a positive return. To calculate the rate of return, we can use the internal rate of return (IRR) function in Excel or a financial calculator. The IRR for this investment is 10.36%, which is option b.
Therefore, the correct answer is b. 10.36%.
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Commercial paper is usually sold at a discount. Fan Corporation has just sold an issue of 80-day commercial paper with a face value of $0.8 million. The firm has received initial proceeds of$787,931. (Note: Assume a 365-day year.)
a. What effective annual rate will the firm pay for financing with commercial paper, assuming that it is rolled over every 80 days throughout the year?
b. If a brokerage fee of $7,747 was paid from the initial proceeds to an investment banker for selling the issue, what effective annual rate will the firm pay, assuming that the paper is rolled over every 80 days throughout the year?
a. The effective annual rate for financing with commercial paper, assuming that it is rolled over every 80 days throughout the year, is 5.46%.
b. The effective annual rate for financing with commercial paper, assuming that it is rolled over every 80 days throughout the year and a brokerage fee of $7,747 was paid, is 7.82%.
a. How to determine the effective annual rate that Fan Corporation will pay for commercial paper financing ?To find the effective annual rate, we first need to calculate the discount on the face value of the commercial paper financing:
Discount = Face Value - Initial Proceeds
Discount = $800,000 - $787,931
Discount = $12,069
The effective annual rate can be calculated using the following formula:
(1 + i)[tex]^n[/tex] = (Face Value / Initial Proceeds)
where i is the effective annual rate, and n is the number of times the commercial paper is rolled over in a year.
Since the commercial paper is rolled over every 80 days, it will be rolled over 365/80 = 4.56 times in a year.
Substituting the values into the formula:
(1 + i)4.56 = ($800,000 / $787,931)
Solving for i, we get:
i = [(($800,000 / $787,931)(¹/⁴.⁵⁶)) - 1] x 4.56
i = 0.0546 or 5.46%
Therefore, the effective annual rate for financing with commercial paper, assuming that it is rolled over every 80 days throughout the year, is 5.46%.
b. How to calculate the effective annual rate when a brokerage fee is paid to an investment banker?To calculate the effective annual rate with the brokerage fee, we need to subtract the fee from the initial proceeds:
Net Proceeds = Initial Proceeds - Brokerage Fee
Net Proceeds = $787,931 - $7,747
Net Proceeds = $780,184
The discount on the face value of the commercial paper remains the same at $12,069.
Substituting the values into the formula used in part a:
(1 + i)⁴.⁵⁶ = ($800,000 / $780,184)
Solving for i, we get:
i = [(($800,000 / $780,184)(¹/⁴.⁵⁶)) - 1] x 4.56
i = 0.0782 or 7.82%
Therefore, the effective annual rate for financing with commercial paper, assuming that it is rolled over every 80 days throughout the year and a brokerage fee of $7,747 was paid, is 7.82%.
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An entrepreneur has two projects to choose between. Both require an investment of $1 which must be borrowed. The projects produce gross returns in one year as follows
Project Risky Safe
payoff if failure ($) 0 0
payoff if success ($) 10 6
probability of success 2/10 6/10
Suppose there are 100 such entrepreneurs.. A bank cannot observe the project choice of an entrepreneur. Call the gross repayment the loan requires when the project succeeds R: i. What is the relationship between the R the bank charges and the project chosen by the entrepreneur? Explain in detail ii. Over what ranges of R will the safe and risky projects, respectively, be chosen? What is the maximum R banks can charge consistent with the entrepreneur choosing the safe project? Explain. iii. What R will banks charge and why?
The project chosen by an entrepreneur determines the level of risk associated with the investment, which in turn determines the gross repayment (R) the bank charges. The safe project will be chosen if the R charged by the bank is below a certain threshold, while the risky project will be chosen if the R exceeds that threshold.
i. The gross repayment (R) charged by the bank will depend on the level of risk associated with the project chosen by the entrepreneur. The riskier the project, the higher the R charged by the bank to compensate for the higher probability of default.
Conversely, the safer the project, the lower the R charged by the bank. However, since the bank cannot observe the project choice of an entrepreneur, it must charge an average R that is somewhere in between the R for the safe and risky projects.
ii. The safe project will be chosen if the R charged by the bank is below the expected gross return of the risky project, which is (0.2 x 10) + (0.8 x 6) = 6.8. The risky project will be chosen if the R charged by the bank exceeds 6.8.
The maximum R banks can charge consistent with the entrepreneur choosing the safe project is 6, which is the gross return of the safe project.
iii. The bank will charge an R somewhere in between the R for the safe and risky projects, based on its assessment of the average level of riskiness of the projects chosen by the entrepreneurs.
If the bank believes that the majority of the entrepreneurs will choose the safe project, it will charge a lower R to attract borrowers. Conversely, if the bank believes that the majority of the entrepreneurs will choose the risky project, it will charge a higher R to compensate for the higher risk of default.
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mckensie, inc., has outstanding 10,000 shares of $25 par value, 6% nonparticipating, cumulative preferred stock and 16,000 shares of $5 par value common stock. the dividend on preferred stock is two years in arrears, and the total cash dividend declared this year is $85,000. the total amounts distributed to preferred and common stockholders, respectively, are:
To calculate the amounts distributed to preferred and common stockholders, we need to follow a specific process. Total amounts distributed to preferred and common stockholders, respectively, are $75,000 and $10,000.
First, we need to determine the total amount of dividends that should be paid to preferred stockholders. Since the preferred stock has a cumulative feature, any unpaid dividends accumulate and must be paid before any dividends can be paid to common stockholders.
In this case, the dividend on preferred stock is two years in arrears, which means that $60,000 ($30,000 x 2 years) of unpaid dividends must be paid before any dividends can be paid to common stockholders.
Next, we need to calculate the total amount of dividends that can be paid to preferred stockholders this year. The preferred stock has a fixed dividend rate of 6% of its $25 par value, which is $1.50 per share. The total number of preferred shares outstanding is 10,000, so the total amount of dividends that should be paid to preferred stockholders is $15,000 ($1.50 x 10,000 shares).
However, since $60,000 of unpaid dividends must be paid this year, the total amount of dividends that should be paid to preferred stockholders this year is $75,000 ($60,000 + $15,000).
Finally, we can calculate the total amount of dividends that can be paid to common stockholders. The total cash dividend declared this year is $85,000, and $75,000 of this amount is allocated to preferred stockholders.
Therefore, the total amount of dividends that can be paid to common stockholders is $10,000 ($85,000 - $75,000).
In summary, the total amounts distributed to preferred and common stockholders, respectively, are $75,000 and $10,000. This is because the preferred stock has a cumulative feature, and any unpaid dividends must be paid before dividends can be paid to common stockholders.
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2. An individual with zero initial wealth and the utility function U(Y) = Y.4 is confronted with the gamble Li (16,4;.40). Answer the following: (a) What is the certainty equivalent for the gamble? (b) What is the maximum he would pay for an insurance policy that guarantees the expected payoff of the gamble? (c) What is the probability premium? The probability premium is the increase in the probability of good state that matches the U(E(L1)). (d) Now assume the individual is confronted with the gamble L2 = (36, 16;.50). What is the certainty equivalent, maximum insurance payment, and probability premium for L2?
For the gamble L1 with outcomes (16,4; 0.4), the certainty equivalent is $11.42, the maximum insurance payment is $6.57, and the probability premium is 0.07. For the gamble L2 with outcomes (36, 16; 0.5), the certainty equivalent is $22.68, the maximum insurance payment is $13.32, and the probability premium is 0.05.
(a) To find the certainty equivalent for the gamble L1(16,4;.40), we need to find the amount of certain money that gives the same level of utility as the expected utility of the gamble. The expected utility of the gamble is:
EU(L1) = (.40)×(16)^.4 + (.60)×(4)^.4 = 6.73
To find the certainty equivalent, we set U(CE) = EU(L1) and solve for CE:
CE^.4 = 6.73
CE = (6.73)^2.5 = $27.22
Therefore, the certainty equivalent for the gamble is $27.22.
(b) The maximum amount the individual would pay for an insurance policy that guarantees the expected payoff of the gamble is the expected value of the gamble minus the certainty equivalent:
Max insurance payment = E(L1) - CE = (.40)×16 + (.60)×4 - 27.22 = $2.78
(c) The probability premium is the increase in the probability of the good state that matches the certainty equivalent of the gamble. Since the certainty equivalent is $27.22, we need to find the probability of the good state that gives a utility of $27.22:
(16)^.4 × (p) + (4)^.4 × (1-p) = 27.22
Solving for p, we get:
p = 0.787
Therefore, the probability premium is 0.787 - 0.40 = 0.387 or 38.7%.
(d) For the gamble L2 = (36, 16;.50), the expected utility is:
EU(L2) = (.50)×(36)^.4 + (.50)×(16)^.4 = 13.32
To find the certainty equivalent, we solve U(CE) = EU(L2) for CE:
CE^.4 = 13.32
CE = (13.32)^2.5 = $48.72
Therefore, the certainty equivalent for the gamble L2 is $48.72.
The maximum amount the individual would pay for an insurance policy that guarantees the expected payoff of the gamble is:
Max insurance payment = E(L2) - CE = (.50)×36 + (.50)×16 - 48.72 = $1.28
The probability premium is:
(36)^.4 × (p) + (16)^.4 × (1-p) = 48.72
Solving for p, we get:p = 0.943
Therefore, the probability premium is 0.943 - 0.50 = 0.443 or 44.3%.
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Nana Ekua opened a savings account this morning. Her money will earn 5 percent interest, compounded annually. After five years, her savings account will be worth GHS5,600. Assume she will not make any withdrawals. Given this, which one of the following statements is true? A. Nana Ekua deposited more than GHS5,600 this morning. B. The present value of Nana Ekua's account is GHS5,600. C. Nana Ekua could have deposited less money and still had GHS5,600 in five years if she could have earned 5.5 percent interest. D. Nana Ekua would have had to deposit more money to have GHS5,600 in five years if she could have earned 6 percent interest. E. Nana Ekua will earn an equal amount of interest every year for the next five years.
Nana Ekua opened a savings account to earn 5% interest rate. The statement is true: Nana Ekua could have deposited less money and still had GHS5,600 in five years if she could have earned 5.5% interest.
To explain this, we can use the formula for compound interest: [tex]A = P / (1 + r/n)^{nt}[/tex], where A is the final amount, P is the initial principal, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.
In this case, A = GHS5,600, r = 0.05, n = 1 (since it's compounded annually), and t = 5 years. We can rearrange the formula to solve for P, the initial deposit:
[tex]P = A / (1 + r/n)^{nt}[/tex]
[tex]= GHS\;5,600 / (1 + 0.05/1)^{1\times5} \approx GHS\;4,364.63[/tex]
Now, if Nana Ekua could have earned 5.5 percent interest instead:
[tex]P = GHS\;5,600 / (1 + 0.055/1)^{1\times5} \approx GHS\; 4,291.42[/tex]
Since GHS4,291.42 is less than the initial deposit of GHS4,364.63, statement C is true. If Nana Ekua could have earned 5.5% interest rate, she could have deposited less money and still had GHS5,600 in five years.
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which of the following are relative measures of sales and profits? (choose every correct answer.) multiple select question. a firm's net profit from lowered prices a firm's growth as compared to other companies a firm's total global sales a firm's increase in sales over the prior year
The relative measures of sales and profits are B. a firm's growth as compared to other companies and D. a firm's increase in sales over the prior year.
Relative measures of sales and profits compare a company's performance to a benchmark, such as industry standards or the performance of other companies. Option B, a firm's growth as compared to other companies, is a relative measure as it involves comparing a company's growth to the growth of its competitors or industry peers. This helps to evaluate a company's performance within its market and industry context.
Option D, a firm's increase in sales over the prior year, is also a relative measure as it compares a company's current sales to its own past performance. This enables the assessment of the company's growth trajectory and can help identify trends or changes in its business performance over time.
Options A and C are not relative measures. Option A, a firm's net profit from lowered prices, is an absolute measure as it indicates a specific amount of profit and does not involve any comparison to other companies or benchmarks. Option C, a firm's total global sales, is also an absolute measure, as it represents the total sales generated by the company without any comparison to other entities or benchmarks. Therefore, the correct option is B. and D.
The question was incomplete, Find the full content below:
which of the following are relative measures of sales and profits? (choose every correct answer.) multiple select question.
A. a firm's net profit from lowered prices
B. a firm's growth as compared to other companies
C. a firm's total global sales
D. a firm's increase in sales over the prior year
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what types of regulations should be considered for adoption toward the goal of maximizing the likelihood of a global financial crisis
To minimize the likelihood of a global financial crisis, several types of regulations should be considered for adoption. First, implementing stronger capital adequacy requirements for institutions, enhancing transparency requirements and third strengthening macroprudential policies
First regulations can ensure that they have sufficient capital buffers to absorb losses during economic downturns. This can be achieved through the Basel III framework, which includes higher capital requirements and liquidity standards for banks.
Second, enhancing transparency and disclosure requirements can promote better risk management and prevent the buildup of systemic risks. Financial institutions should be mandated to disclose accurate and timely information about their financial positions, risk exposures, and risk management practices.
Third, strengthening macroprudential policies can help identify and mitigate systemic risks. Central banks and financial regulators should closely monitor the buildup of imbalances in the financial system, such as excessive credit growth or asset price bubbles, and implement targeted measures to address them.
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Problem 9-34 Risk, Return, and Their Relationship (LG9-3, LG9-4) Consider the following annual returns of Molson Coors and International Paper: Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Molson Coors 17.88 - 8.7 38.0 International Paper 4.8% -17.8 -0.5 26.9 -11.4 - 7.5 Year 5 16.5 Compute each stock's average return, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.) Molson Coors 11.22 % Average return Standard deviation International Paper 0.40% % % Coefficient of variation Which stock appears better? O International Paper O Molson Coors
Molson Coors has an average annual return of 11.22% and a standard deviation of 19.43%.
The coefficient of variation for Molson Coors is 1.73. International Paper has an average annual return of 0.40% and a standard deviation of 15.69%. The coefficient of variation for International Paper is 39.17.
Based on these calculations, Molson Coors appears to be the better investment option as it has a higher average return and a lower coefficient of variation, indicating a lower risk compared to International Paper.
However, it is important to note that other factors such as market trends and company performance should also be considered when making investment decisions.
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according to the global workspace model, consciousness is a function of
According to the global workspace model, consciousness is a function of activity in specific brain regions.
Global Workspace model likens conscious contents to a bright point on the stage of current memory that is chosen by an attentional spotlight with executive control. The rest of the auditorium is dark and asleep; just the brilliant point is awake.
Many explicit and testable global workspace models (GWMs) have used GWT in their implementation. These particular GW models imply that conscious experiences include a variety of brain activities, most of which are unconscious (unreportable) and spread across the brain. Such quick, adaptable, and extensive brain connections are only possible in the conscious waking state; unconscious states are not capable of such interactions.
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A French investor buys 240 shares of Teck for $16,800 ($70 per share). Over the course of a year, Teck goes up by $8.65. a. If there is a 10 percent gain in the value of the dollar versus the euro, wh
The French investor gains $2,076 in terms of euros after a 10% gain in the value of the dollar versus the euro.
1. Calculate the initial investment in dollars: 240 shares * $70/share = $16,800
2. Determine the increase in stock value: $8.65 * 240 shares = $2,076
3. Calculate the new total investment value: $16,800 + $2,076 = $18,876
4. Factor in the 10% gain in the value of the dollar versus the euro: $18,876 * 0.9 = €16,988.40
5. Determine the initial investment in euros: $16,800 * 0.9 = €15,120
6. Calculate the gain in terms of euros: €16,988.40 - €15,120 = €1,868.40
The French investor gains €1,868.40 after a 10% gain in the value of the dollar versus the euro.
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Investors can enhance benefits from international
diversification by using:
industry funds.
factor funds.
style funds.
all of the options.
Investors can enhance benefits from international diversification by using 4.) all of the options, including industry funds, factor funds, and style funds.
What are these different funds useful for?
These different types of funds allow investors to diversify their investments across different sectors, investment factors, investment styles, and geographic regions, which can potentially reduce risk and enhance returns.
1.) Industry funds: These funds focus on specific industries or sectors, such as technology, healthcare, finance, or energy. By investing in industry funds, investors can gain exposure to specific sectors that may perform differently under different market conditions, helping to diversify their portfolio and potentially enhance returns.
2.) Factor funds: These funds invest in stocks or other securities based on specific investment factors, such as value, growth, momentum, or quality. Each factor has its own historical performance characteristics, and by diversifying across different factors, investors can potentially reduce risk and enhance returns.
3.) Style funds: These funds focus on specific investment styles, such as large-cap, small-cap, or value-oriented stocks. By investing in different investment styles, investors can diversify their portfolio and potentially benefit from different market conditions or economic cycles.
Using a combination of industry funds, factor funds, style funds, and other types of funds, investors can create a well-diversified international investment portfolio that can potentially enhance benefits from international diversification. However, it's important to carefully evaluate each fund's risks, performance, fees, and other factors before making investment decisions, and consult with a qualified financial professional for personalized investment advice.
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Stocks A and B have the following probability distributions of expected future returns:
Probability A B
0.1 (9 %) (22 %)
0.2 4 0
0.5 13 21
0.1 20 29
0.1 29 37
Calculate the expected rate of return, , for Stock B ( = 11.30%.) Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
%
Calculate the standard deviation of expected returns, σA, for Stock A (σB = 16.37%.) Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
%
Now calculate the coefficient of variation for Stock B. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
Assume the risk-free rate is 3.5%. What are the Sharpe ratios for Stocks A and B? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to four decimal places.
Stock A:
Stock B:
The expected rate of return for Stock B is 19.3%. The standard deviation of expected returns for Stock A is 5.56%. The coefficient of variation for Stock B is 0.8497. The Sharpe ratio for Stock A is 1.5791 and the Sharpe ratio for Stock B is 0.9328.
To calculate the expected rate of return for Stock B, we need to multiply the probability of each return by the return itself, and then sum up the results:
Expected return of Stock B = (0.1 x 22%) + (0.5 x 21%) + (0.1 x 29%) + (0.1 x 37%) = 2.2% + 10.5% + 2.9% + 3.7% = 19.3%
To calculate the standard deviation of expected returns for Stock A, we need to first calculate the variance. We can do this by using the formula:
Variance = Σ (Pi * (Ri - E(R))^2)
Where Pi is the probability of return Ri, and E(R) is the expected rate of return. Then we take the square root of the variance to get the standard deviation.
Expected return of Stock A = (0.1 x 9%) + (0.2 x 4%) + (0.5 x 13%) + (0.1 x 20%) + (0.1 x 29%) = 0.9% + 0.8% + 6.5% + 2.0% + 2.9% = 13.1%
Variance of Stock A = (0.1 x (9% - 13.1%)^2) + (0.2 x (4% - 13.1%)^2) + (0.5 x (13% - 13.1%)^2) + (0.1 x (20% - 13.1%)^2) + (0.1 x (29% - 13.1%)^2) = 30.87
Standard deviation of Stock A = sqrt(Variance) = sqrt(30.87) = 5.56%
To calculate the coefficient of variation for Stock B, we need to divide the standard deviation by the expected rate of return:
Coefficient of variation of Stock B = σB / E(R) = 16.37% / 19.3% = 0.8497
The Sharpe ratio is a measure of risk-adjusted return, and is calculated by dividing the excess return of an asset over the risk-free rate by its standard deviation:
Sharpe ratio of Stock A = (13.1% - 3.5%) / 5.56% = 1.5791
Sharpe ratio of Stock B = (19.3% - 3.5%) / 16.37% = 0.9328
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At the start of 1996, the annual interest rate was 8 percent in the United States and 4.8 percent in Japan. The exchange rate was 108 yen per dollar at the time. Mr. Jorus, who is the manager of a Bermuda-based hedge fund, thought that the substantial interest advantage associated with investing in the United States relative to investing in Japan was not likely to be offset by the decline of the dollar against the yen. He thus concluded that it might be a good idea to borrow in Japan and invest in the United States. At the start of 1996, in fact, he borrowed \1,000 million for one year and invested in the United States. At the end of 1996, the exchange rate became 118 yen per dollar. How much profit did Mr. Jorus make in dollar terms? Answer is complete but not entirely correct. Profit $ 143,576,944
Mr. Jorus made a profit of $143,576,944. At the start of 1996, Mr. Jorus, the manager of a Bermuda-based hedge fund, realized that the substantial interest advantage associated with investing in the United States relative to investing in Japan was not likely to be offset by the decline of the dollar against the yen.
He thus decided to borrow \1,000 million for one year and invest in the United States. At the time, the annual interest rate in the United States was 8 percent and the exchange rate was 108 yen per dollar. At the end of 1996, the exchange rate became 118 yen per dollar.
By taking advantage of the interest rate difference and the exchange rate change, Mr. Jorus made a profit of $143,576,944. He was able to take advantage of the interest rate difference and the exchange rate change in order to maximize his profits.
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The interest rate on debt, r, is equal to the real risk-free rate plus an inflation premium plus a default risk premium plus a liquidity premium plus a maturity risk premium. The interest rate on debt, r, is also equal to the -Select-purerealnominalCorrect 1 of Item 1 risk-free rate plus a default risk premium plus a liquidity premium plus a maturity risk premium.
The real risk-free rate of interest may be thought of as the interest rate on -Select-long-termshort-termintermediate-termCorrect 2 of Item 1 U.S. Treasury securities in an inflation-free world. A Treasury Inflation Protected Security (TIPS) is free of most risks, and its value increases with inflation. Short-term TIPS are free of default, maturity, and liquidity risks and of risk due to changes in the general level of interest rates. However, they are not free of changes in the real rate. Our definition of the risk-free rate assumes that, despite the recent downgrade, Treasury securities have no meaningful default risk.
The inflation premium is equal to the average expected inflation rate over the life of the security.
Default means that a borrower will not make scheduled interest or principal payments, and it affects the market interest rate on a bond. The -Select-lowergreaterCorrect 3 of Item 1 the bond's risk of default, the higher the market rate. The average default risk premium varies over time, and it tends to get -Select-smallerlargerCorrect 4 of Item 1 when the economy is weaker and borrowers are more likely to have a hard time paying off their debts.
A liquid asset can be converted to cash quickly at a "fair market value." Real assets are generally -Select-lessmoreCorrect 5 of Item 1 liquid than financial assets, but different financial assets vary in their liquidity. Assets with higher trading volume are generally -Select-lessmoreCorrect 6 of Item 1 liquid. The average liquidity premium varies over time.
The prices of long-term bonds -Select-risedeclinevaryCorrect 7 of Item 1 whenever interest rates rise. Because interest rates can and do occasionally rise, all long-term bonds, even Treasury bonds, have an element of risk called -Select-reinvestmentinterestcompoundCorrect 8 of Item 1 rate risk. Therefore, a -Select-liquiditymaturityinflationCorrect 9 of Item 1 risk premium, which is higher the longer the term of the bond, is included in the required interest rate. While long-term bonds are heavily exposed to -Select-reinvestmentinterestcompoundCorrect 10 of Item 1 rate risk, short-term bills are heavily exposed to -Select-reinvestmentinterestcompoundCorrect 11 of Item 1 risk. Although investing in short-term T-bills preserves one's -Select-interestprincipalCorrect 12 of Item 1, the interest income provided by short-term T-bills is -Select-lessmoreCorrect 13 of Item 1 stable than the interest income on long-term bonds.
Quantitative Problem:
An analyst evaluating securities has obtained the following information. The real rate of interest is 3% and is expected to remain constant for the next 5 years. Inflation is expected to be 2.3% next year, 3.3% the following year, 4.3% the third year, and 5.3% every year thereafter. The maturity risk premium is estimated to be 0.1 × (t – 1)%, where t = number of years to maturity. The liquidity premium on relevant 5-year securities is 0.5% and the default risk premium on relevant 5-year securities is 1%.
a. What is the yield on a 1-year T-bill? Round your intermediate calculations and final answer to two decimal places.
%
b. What is the yield on a 5-year T-bond? Round your intermediate calculations and final answer to two decimal places.
%
c. What is the yield on a 5-year corporate bond? Round your intermediate calculations and final answer to two decimal places.
%
The yield on a 1-year T-bill is 5.3%, the yield on a 5-year T-bond is 11.05%, and the yield on a 5-year corporate bond is 13.05%. These calculations demonstrate the importance of understanding the various components of interest rates and how they impact the yield on different types of securities.
a. To find the yield on a 1-year T-bill, we need to add the real risk-free rate and the inflation premium for the next year. Thus, the yield on a 1-year T-bill is:
Yield = real risk-free rate + inflation premium
Yield = 3% + 2.3% = 5.3%
b. To find the yield on a 5-year T-bond, we need to add the real risk-free rate, the inflation premiums for each year, the maturity risk premium, the default risk premium, and the liquidity premium. Thus, the yield on a 5-year T-bond is:
Yield = real risk-free rate + average inflation premium + maturity risk premium + default risk premium + liquidity premium
Yield = 3% + (2.3% + 3.3% + 4.3% + 5.3%)/4 + 0.1*(5-1)% + 1% + 0.5%
Yield = 11.05%
c. To find the yield on a 5-year corporate bond, we need to add the real risk-free rate, the inflation premiums for each year, the maturity risk premium, the default risk premium, and the liquidity premium. However, the default risk premium for corporate bonds is typically higher than for T-bonds, so we will assume a default risk premium of 2%. Thus, the yield on a 5-year corporate bond is:
Yield = real risk-free rate + average inflation premium + maturity risk premium + default risk premium + liquidity premium
Yield = 3% + (2.3% + 3.3% + 4.3% + 5.3%)/4 + 0.1*(5-1)% + 2% + 0.5%
Yield = 13.05%
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Q. Consider politicians and how they utilize authenticity, cognitive biases, and persuasion to influence the media and the voting public.
b. Discuss the role of authenticity in politics - is it used or not, and why?
#use accountability, vulnerability, integrity, security and humility to answer part B (long answer)
In politics, authenticity is essential because it fosters credibility and trust. Voters are swayed by politicians who exhibit responsibility, openness, security, honesty, and humility.
Authenticity is important in politics because it builds credibility and trust with the electorate. Sincere politicians take ownership of their decisions and actions as a sign of accountability. Their humanness and capacity to relate to voters on a personal level are demonstrated by their vulnerability.
While security suggests that a politician has a feeling of stability and continuity, integrity informs voters that a politician is trustworthy and honest. Humble politicians can acknowledge their errors and grow from them. Therefore, politicians that see its significance in developing connections with the people and winning their confidence employ authenticity.
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managers can reduce the need for organizational rules and regulations by hiring the right people, providing training, developing management role models, and creating blank systems. multiple choice question. reward rule-based control corporate governance
Hiring the proper people, offering training, generating role models for management, and developing blank systems can all help to eliminate the need for organizational rules and regulations.
Companies can lessen the need for stringent rules and regulations by focusing on employing the right people who share the company's values and views. Employees can benefit from good training and development opportunities if they understand their roles and responsibilities and can make educated decisions.
Creating managerial role models can motivate employees to embrace the company's culture and principles. This strategy has the potential to result in a more adaptable and flexible organizational culture that prioritizes trust, empowerment, and collaboration over rigorous rule-based control and corporate governance.
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8 of 100 Which of these penalties would the Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs NOT impose for a violation of the Occupational Code? censure imprisonment revocation suspension 0 1 E DE Wypt to search
The penalty that the Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs (LARA) would NOT impose for a violation of the Occupational Code is imprisonment. LARA is responsible for enforcing the Occupational Code and ensuring that licensed professionals in Michigan comply with the regulations.
In case of a violation, LARA may impose various penalties such as censure, revocation, or suspension of a professional license. These penalties are meant to ensure public safety and maintain the integrity of the profession. Censure is a formal reprimand, expressing disapproval of a professional's actions.
Revocation refers to the permanent withdrawal of a professional's license, and suspension involves temporarily prohibiting a professional from practicing their occupation. Imprisonment, however, is not a penalty that LARA can impose.
Imprisonment is a criminal sanction, and only courts can sentence an individual to serve time in jail or prison as a result of a criminal conviction. If a violation of the Occupational Code involves criminal activity, the matter would be referred to law enforcement and the judicial system, where a judge may impose imprisonment if the individual is found guilty.
To summarize, LARA may impose penalties such as censure, revocation, and suspension for violations of the Occupational Code, but it does not have the authority to impose imprisonment.
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burke's corner currently sells blue jeans and t-shirts. management is considering adding fleece tops to its inventory to provide a cooler weather option. the tops would sell for $46 each with expected sales of 4,650 tops annually. by adding the fleece tops, management feels the firm will sell an additional 320 pairs of jeans at $58 a pair and 455 fewer t-shirts at $19 each. the variable cost per unit is $29 on the jeans, $9 on the t-shirts, and $24 on the fleece tops. with the new item, the depreciation expense is $26,000 a year and the fixed costs are $79,500 annually. the tax rate is 24 percent. what is the project's operating cash flow?
Burke's corner currently sells blue jeans and t-shirts and the project's operating cash flow is $27,010.80.
How to find the project's operating cash flowTo calculate the project's operating cash flow, we need to find the net income and add back the depreciation expense.
First, let's calculate the revenues and variable costs for each item:
Fleece tops revenue: 4,650 tops * $46 = $213,700
Fleece tops variable cost: 4,650 tops * $24 = $111,600
Additional jeans revenue: 320 pairs * $58 = $18,560
Additional jeans variable cost: 320 pairs * $29 = $9,280
Reduced t-shirts revenue: 455 shirts * $19 = $8,645
Reduced t-shirts variable cost: 455 shirts * $9 = $4,095
Now, let's find the net income:
Total revenue: $213,700 (fleece tops) + $18,560 (jeans) - $8,645 (t-shirts) = $223,615
Total variable cost: $111,600 (fleece tops) + $9,280 (jeans) - $4,095 (t-shirts) = $116,785
Total fixed cost: $79,500
Depreciation expense: $26,000
Operating income (before taxes): $223,615 - $116,785 - $79,500 - $26,000 = $1,330
Taxes: $1,330 * 24% = $319.20
Net income: $1,330 - $319.20 = $1,010.80
Operating cash flow:
Net income + Depreciation expense = $1,010.80 + $26,000 = $27,010.80
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(Cost of preferred stock) The preferred stock of Texas Southern Power Company sells for $41 and pays $7 in dividends. The net price of the security after issuance costs is $36.08 . What is the cost of capital for the preferred stock?
The cost of capital for Texas Southern Power Company's preferred stock is approximately 29.07%.
To determine the cost of capital for Texas Southern Power Company's preferred stock, we need to consider the dividend paid, the selling price, and the net price after issuance costs. Let's follow these steps:
1. First, we need to calculate the dividend yield, which is the annual dividend divided by the stock's selling price. In this case, the dividend is $7, and the selling price is $41:
Dividend Yield = Dividend / Selling Price = $7 / $41 ≈ 0.1707 or 17.07%
2. Next, we need to account for the issuance costs. To do this, we'll calculate the difference between the selling price and the net price after issuance costs, then divide by the selling price:
Issuance Cost Percentage = (Selling Price - Net Price) / Selling Price = ($41 - $36.08) / $41 ≈ 0.1200 or 12%
3. Finally, we'll adjust the dividend yield to account for the issuance costs. This will give us the cost of capital for the preferred stock:
Cost of Capital = Dividend Yield + Issuance Cost Percentage = 17.07% + 12% = 29.07%
Therefore, the cost of capital for Texas Southern Power Company's preferred stock is approximately 29.07%. This value represents the required return on investment for investors who purchase the preferred stock, taking into consideration the dividend payments and the costs associated with issuing the stock.
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which of the following is not an adjusting entry involving a liability account? a. recognizing depreciation expense for machinery purchased last year. b. recognizing tax expense even though taxes won't be paid until a later date. c. recognizing wage expense that will be paid in a future period. d. recognizing revenue for services that the customer paid for in advance.
Recognizing revenue for services that the customer paid for in advance does not involve a liability account, but rather an unearned revenue account. The correct answer is D.
Adjusting entries involving liability accounts typically involve recognizing expenses that have been incurred but not yet paid, such as wage expenses, tax expenses, or interest expenses. Adjusting entries may also involve recognizing changes in the value of liabilities, such as recognizing the depreciation expense for a liability related to equipment or recognizing an adjustment to the liability for a warranty obligation.
Option D, recognizing revenue for services that the customer paid for in advance, is an example of an adjusting entry involving an asset account (unearned revenue) rather than a liability account. This adjustment is made to recognize the revenue that has been earned over time, as the services are provided, rather than recognizing all of the revenue at the time of payment.
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What are all the ratios necessary to prepare a detailed analysisof the capital structure (short term and long term) of acompany?
To prepare a detailed analysis of a company's capital structure (short-term and long-term), several ratios can be used including the debt-to-equity ratio.
Here are some ratios that can be used to analyze the capital structure (short-term and long-term) of a company:
Debt-to-Equity Ratio: This ratio measures the company's leverage by comparing its total liabilities to its shareholders' equity.Debt-to-Assets Ratio: This ratio measures the proportion of the company's assets that are financed by debt.Debt Ratio: This ratio measures the percentage of the company's assets that are financed by debt.Interest Coverage Ratio: This ratio measures the company's ability to pay interest on its debt by comparing its earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) to its interest expense.Current Ratio: This ratio measures the company's ability to meet its short-term debt obligations by comparing its current assets to its current liabilities.Quick Ratio: This ratio is similar to the current ratio but excludes inventory from current assets, as inventory can be difficult to liquidate quickly.Cash Ratio: This ratio measures the company's ability to pay off its current liabilities with its cash and cash equivalents.Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio: This ratio measures the company's ability to meet its fixed expenses (such as rent and lease payments) by comparing its earnings before fixed charges and taxes (EBFCT) to its fixed charges.Total Capitalization Ratio: This ratio measures the percentage of the company's total capital (debt and equity) that is financed by debt.Long-Term Debt-to-Equity Ratio: This ratio measures the company's long-term leverage by comparing its long-term debt to its shareholders' equity.These ratios can be used to assess the financial health of a company's capital structure and help determine if it is too heavily reliant on debt financing, which can be risky if the company experiences financial difficulties.
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discount mart has $876,400 in sales with a profit margin of 3.8 percent. there are 32,500 shares of stock outstanding at a market price per share of $21.60. what is the price-earnings ratio? group of answer choices 21.08 23.40 22.60 18.47 19.21
Discount Mart has $876,400 in sales with a profit margin of 3.8 percent. There are 32,500 shares of stock outstanding at a market price per share of $21.60. the price-earnings ratio is D. 21.08
To calculate the price-earnings ratio, we first need to find the earnings per share (EPS). Here's the step-by-step process:
1. Calculate the profit: Profit = Sales * Profit Margin = $876,400 * 3.8% = $33,303.20
2. Calculate the earnings per share (EPS): EPS = Profit / Outstanding Shares = $33,303.20 / 32,500 = $1.0241
3. Calculate the price-earnings ratio (P/E): P/E = Market Price per Share / EPS = $21.60 / $1.0241 ≈ 21.08
The price-earnings ratio for Discount Mart is approximately 21.08, which corresponds to option D) 21.08. The P/E ratio is a valuation metric that helps investors compare the market value of a company's stock to its earnings, providing insights into its growth potential and investment risks. Therefore the correct option is D
The Question was Incomplete, Find the full content below :
Discount Mart has $876,400 in sales with a profit margin of 3.8 percent.There are 32,500 shares of stock outstanding at a market price per share of $21.60.What is the price-earnings ratio?
A)23.40
B)22.60
C)19.21
D)21.08
E)18.47
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collins manufacturing has the following information: common stock is 2.5 million shares with a current price of $42 per share; the beta of the stock is 1.5; the standard deviation of the stock is 10.5%. market: the us treasury bill is yielding 2.8% and the expected return on the market is 10.8%. the corporate tax rate is 38%. what is the firm's expected return on equity?
The Collins Manufacturing's expected return on equity is 14.8%.
To find the expected return on equity for Collins Manufacturing, we'll use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The information given is as follows:
1. Common stock: 2.5 million shares at $42 per share
2. Beta of the stock: 1.5
3. Standard deviation of the stock: 10.5%
4. US Treasury Bill yield: 2.8%
5. Expected return on the market: 10.8%
6. Corporate tax rate: 38%
Now, let's apply the CAPM formula:
Expected return on equity = Risk-free rate + (Beta × (Expected market return - Risk-free rate))
In order to calculate the expected return on equity, follow these steps:1: Identify the risk-free rate, which is the US Treasury Bill yield: 2.8%
2: Subtract the risk-free rate from the expected market return: 10.8% - 2.8% = 8%
3: Multiply the result by the stock's beta: 1.5 × 8% = 12%
4: Add the risk-free rate to the result from step 3: 2.8% + 12% = 14.8%
The firm's expected return on equity is 14.8%.
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you buy an seven-year bond that has a 5.00% current yield and a 5.00% coupon (paid annually). in one year, promised yields to maturity have risen to 6.00%. what is your holding-period return?
Your holding-period return would be 8.33%
How to calculate the holding-period returnThe holding-period return of your seven-year bond would be calculated as follows:
- First, calculate the purchase price of the bond. Assuming a face value of $1,000, the bond's price would have been $1,000 * 5.00% = $50 (the annual coupon payment) / 5.00% (the current yield) = $1,000.
- After one year, the promised yield to maturity has risen to 6.00%. This means that if you were to sell the bond at that point, its price would have decreased.
Using the bond pricing formula, we can estimate that the new price of the bond would be $50 / 6.00% + $1,000 = $1,083.33.
- Therefore, your holding-period return would be ($1,083.33 - $1,000) / $1,000 = 8.33%, or the percentage increase in the bond's price over the one-year period.
However, it's important to note that this calculation doesn't take into account any reinvestment of the coupon payments or the effect of taxes or fees bond's.
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a teacher who is culturally curious and responsive recognizes that all people are influenced by their ________, and that variations within cultures are as significant as variations across cultures.]
A teacher who is culturally curious and responsive recognizes that all people are influenced by their cultures, and that variations within cultures are as significant as variations across cultures.]
Culture may be described as all of the methods of lifestyles which include arts, ideals and establishments of a populace which might be surpassed down from technology to technology. Culture has been called "the manner of lifestyles for a whole society." As such, it consists of codes of manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, art. The trainer apprehend the styles of information that culturally numerous college students convey to gaining knowledge of conditions and to alter the curriculum to their sociocultural strengths.
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A teacher who is culturally curious and responsive recognizes that all people are influenced by their backgrounds, and that variations within cultures are as significant as variations across cultures.
This means that they understand that an individual's cultural background, including their ethnicity, language, religion, and customs, plays a significant role in shaping their beliefs, values, behaviors, and perspectives. They also acknowledge that there is great diversity within cultures, and that people from the same culture may have different experiences, beliefs, and behaviors based on factors such as their gender, age, socio-economic status, and regional differences.
Being culturally curious and responsive means that a teacher is willing to learn about and respect the diversity of their students' backgrounds. They strive to create a culturally responsive learning environment that celebrates diversity, promotes inclusivity, and supports the academic and social-emotional growth of all students.
This may involve incorporating diverse perspectives and materials into their curriculum, using inclusive language, and creating opportunities for students to share their cultures and experiences with each other.
By being culturally curious and responsive, teachers can help their students feel valued, respected, and understood, which can improve their academic performance, increase their engagement in learning, and foster a sense of belonging in the classroom. It also helps to prepare students for success in a diverse and interconnected world by developing their cultural competency and empathy skills.
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Dantzler Corporation is a fast-growing supplier of office products. Analysts project the following free cash flows (FCFs) during the next 3 years, after which FCF is expected to grow at a constant 5% rate. Dantzler's WACC is 16%.a) Year 0 FCF N/Ab) Year 1 FCF -$15 millionc) Year 2 FCF $28 milliond) Year 3 FCF $46 milliona. What is Dantzler's horizon, or continuing value? (Hint: Find the value of all free cash flows beyond Year 3 discounted back to Year 3.) Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Enter your answers in millions.b. What is the firm's value today? Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Enter your answers in millions. Do not round intermediate calculations.c. Suppose Dantzler has $141 million of debt and 7 million shares of stock outstanding. What is your estimate of the current price per share? Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
Dantzler's horizon value is $511.11 million whereas the firm's value today is $319.96 million and the current price per share for Dantzler Corporation is $25.85.
a) To calculate Dantzler's horizon value, we need to find the present value of all free cash flows beyond Year 3 discounted back to Year 3. Using the constant growth model, we can calculate the horizon value as follows:
Horizon Value = (FCF Year 4 / (WACC - g))
where FCF Year 4 is the free cash flow in Year 4, g is the constant growth rate, and WACC is the weighted average cost of capital.
Using the given values, we get:
Horizon Value = (46 / (0.16 - 0.05)) = $511.11 million
b) To find the firm's value today, we need to calculate the present value of all free cash flows, including the horizon value. Using the discounted cash flow (DCF) method, we get:
PV of FCF Year 1-3 = (-15 / (1 + 0.16)^1) + (28 / (1 + 0.16)^2) + (46 / (1 + 0.16)^3) = $55.47 million
PV of Horizon Value = (511.11 / (1 + 0.16)^3) = $264.49 million
Therefore, the firm's value today is:
Value Today = PV of FCF Year 1-3 + PV of Horizon Value = $319.96 million
c) To estimate the current price per share, we need to divide the total firm value by the number of shares outstanding and subtract the value of debt. Using the given values, we get:
Price per share = (Value Today - Debt) / Number of shares = ($319.96 - $141) / 7 million = $25.85
Therefore, our estimate of the current price per share for Dantzler Corporation is $25.85.
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