The histogram displays the ages of 50 randomly selected users of an online music service. Based on the data, is advertising on the service more likely to reach people who are younger than 30 or people who are 30 and older?

The area of the shaded part is 100.48cm²

Area is defined as the total space taken up by a flat (2-D) surface or shape of an object. The area of the shaded part can be expressed as;

area of shaded part = 4 × area of semi circle

Area of semi circle = 1/2 πr²

radius = diameter/2

radius = 8/2 = 4

= 1/2 × 3.14 ×4²

= 3.14 ×16×1/2

= 3.14 × 8

= 25.12 cm²

Since the shaded parts are semi circles

then the area of the shaded part = 4× 25.12

= 100.48cm²

therefore the area of shaded part is 100.48cm²

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a) P(30 ≤ x ≤ 32) = 0.3446.

b) P(30 ≤ x ≤ 32) = 0.2868.

c) The probability of getting values between 30 and 32 for x is higher in part (b) than in part (a).

We have,

(a)

The mean of the distribution is = 30 and the standard deviation is = 28.

For a sample size n = 31, the sample mean x follows a normal distribution with mean = 30 and standard deviation = /√n = 28/√31 = 5.02 (approx.).

Therefore, x ~ N(30, 5.02).

The probability P(30 ≤ x ≤ 32) can be found by standardizing the values using the formula z = (x - ) / , where z is the standard normal variable.

z1 = (30 - 30) / 5.02 = 0

z2 = (32 - 30) / 5.02 = 0.40

P(30 ≤ x ≤ 32) = P(0 ≤ z ≤ 0.40) = 0.3446 (approx.)

Therefore, x = 30, x = 5.02, and P(30 ≤ x ≤ 32) = 0.3446 (approx.).

(b)

For a sample size n = 62, the sample mean x follows a normal distribution with mean = 30 and standard deviation = /√n = 28/√62 = 3.56 (approx.).

Therefore, x ~ N(30, 3.56).

The probability P(30 ≤ x ≤ 32) can be found using the same method as in part (a).

z1 = (30 - 30) / 3.56 = 0

z2 = (32 - 30) / 3.56 = 0.56

P(30 ≤ x ≤ 32) = P(0 ≤ z ≤ 0.56) = 0.2868 (approx.)

Therefore, x = 30, x = 3.56, and P(30 ≤ x ≤ 32) = 0.2868 (approx.).

(c)

The standard deviation of part (b) is smaller than part (a) because of the larger sample size.

Therefore, the distribution about x is narrower in part (b) than in part (a). This means that the sample mean x in part (b) is likely to be closer to the population mean than the sample mean x in part (a).

As a result, the probability of getting values between 30 and 32 for x is higher in part (b) than in part (a).

Thus,

a) P(30 ≤ x ≤ 32) = 0.3446.

b) P(30 ≤ x ≤ 32) = 0.2868.

c) The probability of getting values between 30 and 32 for x is higher in part (b) than in part (a).

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Answer:

80%

Step-by-step explanation:

Solve for x:

x = ($0.80 / $1.00) * 100 x = 0.8 * 100 x = 80

So, the value of 8 dimes is 80% the value of a dollar.

Hope this helps :)

Pls brainliest...

Answer:

80%

Step-by-step explanation:

a dime is 10 cents and a dollar is 100 cents so 8times 10 is 80 so therefore 8 dimes is 80 cents so its 80% of a dollar

To find the critical numbers of the function f(x) = x^3e^(-9x), we need to find the values of x where the derivative of the function is equal to zero or does not exist. These values correspond to the relative maxima, minima, or inflection points of the function.

To find the derivative of the function, we can use the product rule and the chain rule of differentiation. The derivative of f(x) is given by:

f'(x) = 3x^2e^(-9x) - 9x^3e^(-9x)

To find the critical numbers, we need to set f'(x) equal to zero and solve for x:

3x^2e^(-9x) - 9x^3e^(-9x) = 0

Factorizing out e^(-9x), we get:

3x^2 - 9x^3 = 0

Simplifying further, we get:

x^2(3 - 9x) = 0

Thus, the critical numbers of the function are x = 0 and x = 1/3. At x = 0, the function has a relative minimum, while at x = 1/3, the function has a relative maximum. To determine the nature of these critical points, we can use the second derivative test or examine the sign of the derivative in the intervals around the critical points.

Overall, finding the critical numbers of a function is an important step in analyzing its behavior and determining its extrema or points of inflection. By setting the derivative equal to zero and solving for x, we can identify the critical points and then use additional tests or analysis to determine their nature and significance.

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(a) According to Neyman-Pearson's lemma, the rejection region of the type I error rate (α) for testing H0: θ = θ0 against HA: θ = θA, where θ0 < θA, is given by:

{X: f(x; θA) / f(x; θ0) > k}

where f(x; θ) is the probability mass function (PMF) of the distribution of the data, given the parameter θ, and k is chosen such that the type I error rate is α.

For this problem, we have H0: p = 0 and HA: p > 0.4, with α = 0.05. Therefore, we need to find the value of k such that P(X ∈ R | H0) = α, where R is the rejection region.

Using the fact that X follows a binomial distribution with n trials and success probability p, we have:

f(x; p) = (n choose x) * p^x * (1-p)^(n-x)

Then, the likelihood ratio is:

L(x) = f(x; pA) / f(x; p0) = (pA / p0)^x * (1-pA / 1-p0)^(n-x)

We want to find k such that:

P(X ∈ R | p = p0) = P(L(X) > k | p = p0) = α

Using the distribution of L(X) under H0, we have:

P(L(X) > k | p = p0) = P(X > k') = 1 - Φ(k')

where Φ is the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a standard normal distribution, and k' is the value of k that satisfies:

(1 - pA / 1 - p0)^(n-x) = k'

k' can be found using the fact that X ~ Bin(n, p0) and P(X > k') = α, which yields:

k' = qbinom(α, n, 1-pA/1-p0)

Therefore, the rejection region R is given by:

R = {X: X > qbinom(α, n, 1-pA/1-p0)}

(b) We have n = 20, p0 = 0.45, pA = 0.65, and X = 11. Using the rejection region R defined in part (a), we have:

R = {X: X > qbinom(0.05, 20, 1-0.65/1-0.45)} = {X: X > 12}

Since X = 11 is not in R, we fail to reject H0 at the 5% level of significance.

(c) The p-value is the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as the one computed from the data, assuming H0 is true. For this problem, the test statistic is X = 11, and we want to find the probability of observing a value as extreme or more extreme than 11, under the null hypothesis H0: p = 0. Using the binomial distribution with p = 0.45, we have:

p-value = P(X >= 11 | p = 0) = 1 - P(X <= 10 | p = 0)

= 1 - pbinom(10, 20, 0.45)

= 0.151

Therefore, the p-value is 0.151, which is greater than the level of significance α = 0.05, so we fail to reject H0.

The limit comparison test, we can conclude that the series Σ(n/√(n²+1)) also converges.

(a) To determine if the series Σ(5n/2n³ + n² + 1) from n=1 to infinity diverges, we can use the nth term test for divergence.

The nth term test for divergence states that if the limit of the nth term of a series as n approaches infinity is not zero, then the series diverges.

Let's evaluate the limit of the nth term of our series:

lim (n → ∞) (5n/2n³ + n² + 1)

As n approaches infinity, the term 5n/2n³ becomes 0 because the exponential term in the denominator grows much faster than the numerator. However, the terms n² and 1 remain constant.

Therefore, the limit of the nth term is 0.

Since the limit of the nth term is 0, the nth term test for divergence does not provide conclusive evidence, and we cannot determine whether the series converges or diverges.

(b) To compare the series Σ(5n/2n³ + n² + 1) from n=1 to infinity with the harmonic series, we need to show that it diverges by the comparison test.

The comparison test states that if 0 ≤ aₙ ≤ bₙ for all n, and the series Σbₙ diverges, then the series Σaₙ also diverges.

Let's compare the given series with the harmonic series Σ(1/n) from n=1 to infinity:

0 ≤ 5n/2n³ + n² + 1 ≤ 5n/2n³ + n² + n²

Simplifying the inequality:

0 ≤ 5n/2n³ + n² + 1 ≤ 5/2n + 2

Now, let's consider the harmonic series Σ(1/n):

The harmonic series Σ(1/n) is a well-known divergent series. It can be proven that Σ(1/n) diverges.

By comparison, since we have shown that 0 ≤ 5n/2n³ + n² + 1 ≤ 5/2n + 2, and the harmonic series diverges, we can conclude that the series Σ(5n/2n³ + n² + 1) also diverges by the comparison test.

Therefore, both (a) and (b) conclude that the series Σ(5n/2n³ + n² + 1) from n=1 to infinity diverges.

To determine the convergence of the series Σ(n/√(n²+1)) from n=1 to infinity, we can use the limit comparison test.

Let's consider the series Σ(1/√n) from n=1 to infinity, which is a well-known series with known convergence.

First, we need to check if the terms of the series Σ(n/√(n²+1)) are positive for all n. Since both n and √(n²+1) are positive for positive values of n, the terms n/√(n²+1) are also positive.

Now, let's evaluate the limit of the ratio of the nth term of the given series and the corresponding term of the series Σ(1/√n):

lim (n → ∞) (n/√(n²+1)) / (1/√n)

= lim (n → ∞) (n/√(n²+1)) * (√n/1)

= lim (n → ∞) √(n³)/(√(n²+1))

= lim (n → ∞) √(n)

As n approaches infinity, the limit √(n) also approaches infinity.

Since the limit of the ratio is not a finite positive value, but instead approaches infinity, the series Σ(n/√(n²+1)) and the series Σ(1/√n) have the same convergence behavior.

The series Σ(1/√n) is a harmonic series with a known convergence. It can be shown that Σ(1/√n) converges.

Therefore, by the limit comparison test, we can conclude that the series Σ(n/√(n²+1)) also converges.

In summary, the series Σ(n/√(n²+1)) from n=1 to infinity converges.

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The number of pieces that James can cut from the board is 6 pieces.

To get the number of pieces that James can cut from the board, we will have to determine how many 1/8 divisions there are in a total of 3/4 foot long board. When the division is done, we will have:

3/4 ÷ 1/8

=3/4 × 8/1

= 6

So, James can hope to get 6 pieces of 1/8 foot long board pieces.

An equation using division that represents how James can find the number of pieces is 3/4 ÷ 1/8.

Complete Question:

4. Part A

James has a board that is 3/4 foot long. He wants to cut the board into pieces

that are each 1/8 foot long.

How many pieces can James cut from the board? Explain how James can use

the number line diagram to determine the number of pieces he can cut from

the board.

Enter your answer and your explanation in the space provided.

Part B

Write an equation using division that represents how James can find the

number of pieces he can cut from the board.

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Therefore, she used 8 - 5 = 3 quarts of paint in the living room.

An English measurement of volume equal to one-quarter gallon is the quart. There are now three different types of quarts in use: the liquid quart, dry quart, and imperial quart of the British imperial system. One litre is about equivalent to each. It is split into four cups or two pints.

Legally, a US liquid gallon (sometimes just referred to as "gallon") is equal to 231 cubic inches, or precisely 3.785411784 litres.  Since a gallon contains 128 fluid ounces, it would require around 16 water bottles, each holding 8 ounces, to fill a gallon.

Here 2 gallons is equivalent to 8 quarts (2 gallons x 4 quarts/gallon = 8 quarts).

Mieko used 1/4 of the paint on her bedroom, which is 1/4 x 8 = 2 quarts.

She used 3 quarts on the hallway, so she used a total of 2 + 3 = 5 quarts on the bedroom and hallway.

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The proportion that can be used to find the length of the side y for the similar triangle DEF is y/16 = 38/32, which makes option C correct.

Similar triangles are two triangles that have the same shape, but not necessarily the same size. This means that corresponding angles of the two triangles are equal, and corresponding sides are in proportion.

The side DE corresponds to AB, also the side DF corresponds to AC, so;

DE/AB = DF/AC

y/38 = 16/32

by cross multiplication;

y/16 = 38/32

Therefore, the proportion that can be used to find the length of the side y for the similar triangle DEF is y/16 = 38/32.

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A one-tailed t-test is used when the researcher has a specific directional hypothesis.

If you are comparing the difference between two separate populations, such as children who attend two different Elementary schools, you should use an independent-measures design. In an independent-measures design, two separate groups of participants are sampled, and each participant is only tested once. The purpose of this design is to compare the means of two independent populations to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between them. In contrast, a within-groups design would involve testing the same group of participants twice under different conditions, while a repeated-measures design would involve testing the same group of participants under all conditions. A one-tailed t-test is a specific type of statistical test that can be used in either an independent-measures or within-groups design to test a directional hypothesis.

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Answer:

If the mean amount of money that students from the university spend on a first date is $100, the probability is 0.026 that a randomly selected group of 32 students from the university would spend a mean of $92.23 or less on their most recent first dates.

Step-by-step explanation:

The exponential function of base e whose derivative at x=3 is 2y=e^(ax-b) is y = e^(4x - 5).

To create an exponential function of base e using the digits 1-6 at most one time each, with the condition that its derivative at x=3 is 2.

Given the function y = e^(ax-b), let's find its derivative:

1. Differentiate the function with respect to x: dy/dx = a * e^(ax-b)
2. Plug in x = 3 and set dy/dx = 2: 2 = a * e^(3a-b)

Now, we need to find the values of a and b using the digits 1-6, at most one time each. Let's use a = 4 and b = 5, as they seem reasonable and satisfy the single-use condition:

2 = 4 * e^(12 - 5)
2 = 4 * e^7

Now divide both sides by 4:
2/4 = e^7
1/2 = e^7

So, our exponential function using the digits 1-6 at most one time each and satisfying the given condition is                    y = e^(4x - 5).

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1. The volume of the box is given by:

Volume = length x width x height = 9 in. x 2 in. x 12 in. = 216 cubic inches

So, the answer is 216 cubic inches.

2. The surface area of the box is given by:

Surface Area = 2lw + 2lh + 2wh = 2(9)(12) + 2(9)(2) + 2(2)(12) = 216 + 36 + 48 = 300 square inches

So, the answer is 300 square inches.

3. The surface area of the cereal box is 300 sq. in.

If cardboard costs $0.01 per square inch, then the cost of manufacturing this cereal box would be:

300 sq. in. x $0.01/sq. in. = $3.00

Therefore, the correct answer is -3.00.

4. The volume of the rectangular prism is given by:

Volume = length x width x height = 9 in. x 2 in. x 12 in. = 216 cubic inches

To find the surface area of the sphere, use the formula:

A = 4πr²

Plugging in r = 3.7 in.:

A = 4π(3.7 in.)² ≈ 172.11 square inches

Rounding this to the nearest square inch gives us:

A ≈ 172 square inches

5. The rectangular prism with dimensions of 9 in. x 2 in. x 12 in. would cost less in packaging.

6. The volume of the cylinder is given by:

Volume = πr²h = 390 cubic inches

Solving for r:

r ≈ 4 inches

Therefore, the approximate radius of the cylinder should be 4 inches to hold the same volume of cereal as the rectangular prism.

7. The surface area of the travel-size cereal box is given by:

Surface Area = 2lw + 2lh + 2wh = 2(3)(1.5) + 2(3)(4.5) + 2(1.5)(4.5) = 9 + 27 + 13.5 = 49.5 square inches

To find the length of each side in the cube with the same surface area, we use the formula:

Surface Area of Cube = 6s²

49.5 = 6s²

s ≈ 2.2 inches

So, the length of each side in the cube would be approximately 2.2 inches.

8. The rectangular prism with dimensions of 3 in. x 1.5 in. x 4.5 in. holds more volume than the cube with a side length of approximately 2.2 inches.

9. Some factors that a cereal company may consider in creating their packaging include how well it stacks for shipping and storing on shelves, how easy it is to hold and pour, and how much advertising space there is on the front of the design.

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Let help you with that.

To find the distance between two points, we can use the distance formula:

```

d = √(x2 - x1)2 + (y2 - y1)2

```

Where:

* `d` is the distance between the two points

* `x1` and `y1` are the coordinates of the first point

* `x2` and `y2` are the coordinates of the second point

In this case, the points are (8, -4) and (-1, -2):

```

d = √((8 - (-1))^2 + ((-4) - (-2))^2)

```

```

d = √(9^2 + (-2)^2)

```

```

d = √(81 + 4)

```

```

d = √85

```

```

d = 9.2 (rounded to the nearest tenth)

```

Therefore, the distance between the two points is 9.2 units.

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

The maximum modulus is the maximum value of |z| within the given domain.

To find the maximum modulus, we need to find the point(s) within the unit circle where the modulus is the highest.

(a) ƒ(z) = z² - 2z + 3

We can write ƒ(z) as ƒ(z) = (z - 1)² + 2, which is a parabola that opens upwards. The maximum modulus occurs at the vertex, which is located at z = 1, and the maximum modulus is ƒ(1) = 2.

(b) ƒ(z) = z² + z - 1

We can write ƒ(z) as ƒ(z) = (z + 1/2)² - 5/4, which is a parabola that opens upwards. The maximum modulus occurs at the vertex, which is located at z = -1/2, and the maximum modulus is ƒ(-1/2) = 1/4.

(c) ƒ(z) = (z + 1)/(2z - 2)

We can write ƒ(z) as ƒ(z) = 1/2 + 3/(2z - 2), which is a hyperbola that opens downwards. The maximum modulus occurs at the point where the real part of z is 1/2, and the imaginary part of z is 0, which is located at z = 1. The maximum modulus is ƒ(1) = 2.

(d) ƒ(z) = cos(z)

The maximum modulus of cos(z) occurs at z = 0 or z = π, where the modulus is 1.

Therefore, the maximum modulus for each function is:

(a) 2

(b) 1/4

(c) 2

(d) 1

Note: The modulus of a complex number z is defined as |z| = sqrt(x^2 + y^2), where x and y are the real and imaginary parts of z, respectively. The maximum modulus is the maximum value of |z| within the given domain.

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The answer is (b) 19.5, 15.07, and 32.5.

To find the median, we need to first calculate the cumulative frequency:

Class f Cumulative Frequency [3 – 10] 1 1 [11 – 18] 5 6 [19 – 26] 2 8 [27 – 34] 4 12

Since there are 12 observations in total, the median will be the average of the 6th and 7th values, which fall in the [11-18] class. Using the midpoint formula, we can find that the lower bound of the [11-18] class is 11 and the class width is 8. Therefore:

Median = 11 + [(6 - 1)/5] x 8 = 11 + 1.0 x 8 = 19

To find the mode, we need to identify the class with the highest frequency, which is the [11-18] class with a frequency of 5. The mode is then the midpoint of this class, which can be calculated as:

Mode = 11 + [(5 - 1)/2] x 8 = 11 + 2 x 8 = 27

To find the range, we subtract the smallest observation (3) from the largest observation (34):

Range = 34 - 3 = 31

Therefore, the answer is (b) 19.5, 15.07, and 32.5.

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The probability that no more than 6 women dislike their mother-in-law is very low, at 0.00002

We can model the number of women who dislike their mother-in-law out of a sample of 9 married women using a binomial distribution with parameters n=9 and p=0.85.

(a)   [tex]P(all 9 women dislike their mother-in-law) = (0.85)^9 = 0.322[/tex]

(b) [tex]P(none of the 9 women dislike their mother-in-law) = (1-0.85)^9 = 0.0001[/tex]

(c) P(at least one woman dislikes her mother-in-law) = 1 - P(none of the 9 women dislike their mother-in-law) = 1 - 0.0001 = 0.9999

(d) P(no more than 6 women dislike their mother-in-law) = P(X <= 6) where X follows a binomial distribution with parameters n=9 and p=0.85. We can use a calculator or binomial distribution table to find:

P(X <= 6) = 0.00002

Therefore, the probability that no more than 6 women dislike their mother-in-law is very low, at 0.00002.

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The solution to this equation 4x² – 15x = 4 include the following: D. x = 4, -1/4.

In Mathematics and Geometry, the general form of a quadratic function can be modeled and represented by using the following quadratic equation;

y = ax² + bx + c

Where:

Next, we would solve the quadratic function by using the factorization method as follows;

4x² – 15x = 4

Subtract 4 from both sides of the quadratic function:

0 = 4x² – 15x - 4

0 = 4x² - 16x + x - 4

(4x + 1)(x - 4)

x = 4 or x = -1/4.

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Step-by-step explanation:

Simple interest = prt÷100

Here,

Principle = 12000

Rate = 6

Time = 7

So to find the simple interest,

You just apply the formula.

[tex]\frac{p \times r \times t}{100} = \frac{12000 \times 6 \times 7}{100} = 5040[/tex]

Interest = 5040

The projected growth rate (k) is equal to -1.632%.

In Mathematics, a population that increases at a specific period of time represent an exponential growth rate. This ultimately implies that, a mathematical model for any population that decreases by r percent per unit of time is an exponential equation of this form:

[tex]P(t) = I(1 + r)^t[/tex]

Where:

Note: x = number of years = 2017 - 2003 = 14 years.

By substituting given parameters, we have the following:

[tex]46.7 = 58.8(1 +r)^{14}\\\\\frac{46.7}{58.8} = (1 + r)^{14}\\\\r=\frac{46.7}{58.8}^{\frac{1}{14}} -1[/tex]

Growth Rate, r = -0.01632 = -1.632%

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Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer

Equation of a straight line

y = -0.33x + 4.995

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

Find the midpoint of the segment by using the formula [(x1 + x2)/2, (y1 + y2)/2]. The midpoint is [(2 + 6)/2, (1 + 3)/2] = (4, 2).

Find the slope of the segment by using the formula (y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1). The slope is (3 - 1)/(6 - 2) = 1/2.

Find the negative reciprocal of the slope by flipping the fraction and changing the sign. The negative reciprocal is -2/1 or -2.

Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector by using the point-slope form y - y1 = m(x - x1), where m is the negative reciprocal and (x1, y1) is the midpoint. The equation is y - 2 = -2(x - 4).

Simplify the equation by distributing and rearranging. The equation is y = -2x + 10. This is the equation of the perpendicular bisector in slope-intercept form.

To prove F(c)(A + B) → (Vx) A (3.c)B, we need to show that if the union of sets A and B is finite, then there exists an element x in A such that for all elements y in B, (x, y) is in the relation C.

Assume F(c)(A + B) is true. Then for any (x, y) in C, x belongs to A + B, which means x belongs to either A or B. If x belongs to A, then we have found an element x in A such that for all elements y in B, (x, y) is in C, and we are done. If x belongs to B, then we need to find another element in A such that the condition holds.

Since A and B are finite, their union A + B is also finite. Let n be the size of A + B. Then there are n distinct elements in A + B, say a1, a2, ..., an. Since there are more elements in A than in B (or equal if they have the same size), there must be at least one element of A among a1, a2, ..., an. Call this element x.

Now, consider any element y in B. Since x belongs to A + B and y belongs to B, their sum x + y belongs to A + B as well. But we know that x + y cannot be equal to x, since y is not in A. Therefore, x + y must be equal to one of the remaining n-1 elements of A + B, say ai. But then ai - x = y, so (x, y) is in C.

Therefore, we have shown that F(c)(A + B) → (Vx) A (3.c)B is true.

For the second part of the question, we need to show that for any set A in N, there exists a set B in N such that A is a subset of B and B is infinite.

Let B be the set of all natural numbers greater than the maximum element in A. Then A is clearly a subset of B, and B is infinite since it contains all natural numbers greater than a certain number.

Therefore, we have shown that for any set A in N, there exists a set B in N such that A is a subset of B and B is infinite.

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The GCF of 20xyz and 30x^2z is: 2*5*x*z = 10xz

To find the greatest common factor (GCF) of 20xyz and 30x^2z, we can factor out the common factors that they share.

Identifying the common factors in the two monomials:

20xyz = 2 * 2 * 5 * x * y * z

30x^2z = 2 * 3 * 5 * x * x * z

The GCF is the product of the common factors raised to the lowest power that they appear in both monomials.

Therefore, the GCF of 20xyz and 30x^2z is:

2 * 5 * x * z = 10xz

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The degree measure of the larger angle is 50⁰.

Complementary angles are two angles whose sum is 90 degrees.

So we have two angles; let the smaller angle = x

then bigger angle = (x + 10)

The two angles will add up to 90 degrees;

x + (x + 10) = 90

2x + 10 = 90

2x = 90 - 10

2x = 80

x = 80/2

x = 40⁰

The measure of the larger angle = 40⁰ + 10⁰ = 50⁰

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The function of the trigonometric graph plotted is

The equation is written by the general formula

y = A cos (Bx + C) + D

where:

A = amplitude.

B = 2π/T, where T = period

C = phase shift.

D = vertical shift.

amplitude

A = (maximum - minimum) / 2

from the graph,

maximum = 1

minimum = -1

A = |-1 - (-3)| / 2 = 2/2 = 1

B = 2π/T

where T = 2π

B = 2π/(2π) = 1

C = phase shift

= 0 - π/4

= - π/4

D = vertical shift

= 0 - 2 = -2

plugging in the results of the parameters to the equation

y = 1 cos (1x + (-π/4)) + (-2)

this is written as

y = cos (x - π/4) - 2

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The probability of A appearing before B is [tex]\frac{4}{7}[/tex].

To find the probability that TA < TB, we can use the fact that the probability of a certain pattern appearing in a sequence of coin flips is independent of the position in the sequence. In other words, the probability of A appearing at time n is the same as the probability of A appearing at time n+k for any k.

Using this fact, we can set up a system of equations to solve for the probability of TA < TB. Let p be the probability of A appearing before B, and q be the probability of B appearing before A. Then we have:

[tex]p = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2q}[/tex]  (since the first flip can be either 0 or 1 with equal probability)
[tex]q= \frac{1}{4p} + \frac{1}{2q} + \frac{1}{4}[/tex] (if the first two flips are 0, the sequence B has appeared; if the first flip is 1 and the second is 0, the sequence is neither A nor B and we start over; if the first flip is 1 and the second is 1, we have a new chance for A to appear before B)

Solving for p, we get:
[tex]p=\frac{4}{7}[/tex]

Therefore, the probability of A appearing before B is [tex]\frac{4}{7}[/tex].

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