the processing and understanding of patterns in the child's educational, social, developmental, environmental, medical, and emotional history is called: a. collection b. analysis c. evaluation d. determination

Assigning someone to play the role of a devil's advocate or a critic can be a useful strategy to combat groupthink and encourage creativity within a team or group.

By challenging assumptions and questioning ideas, the devil's advocate can help the group avoid group polarization and think more critically about the problem or issue at hand.

However, it is important to remember that the devil's advocate role should not be taken to an extreme. The goal is not to shoot down every idea, but rather to provide constructive criticism and encourage the group to consider different perspectives.

The devil's advocate should strive to maintain a respectful and open-minded attitude, and avoid becoming overly defensive or confrontational.

Additionally, it is important to consider the potential impact on group dynamics when assigning someone to play the role of the devil's advocate. This person may be seen as a "troublemaker" or "naysayer" by other members of the group, which could lead to resentment and conflict.

To avoid this, the group leader should emphasize that the devil's advocate role is a valuable and necessary part of the creative process, and that all ideas are welcome and appreciated.

Overall, the devil's advocate role can be an effective tool for promoting critical thinking and creativity within a group, as long as it is approached in a constructive and collaborative manner.

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The correct option is B, Parallel play. Parallel play is the type of play where children play side by side with little or no dealings with each other.

This is generally observed among children progressed 2- 4 years old who are still developing their social skills and enjoying their own conditioning during playtime. In this scenario Billy and Rodney are each building separate Lego toys while sitting close to each other. Although they're playing with like materials, they're concentrated on their own individual designs and don't engage in participated communication or collaboration.

Parallel play is an important experimental stage for children as it allows them to observe others and exercise their own skills and creativity in a comfortable space without the pressure of socializing.

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Answer:

Psychological and soci-environmental

Explanation:

Racial profiling can take place de jure, when the state has policies in region that goal precise racial groups, or de facto, when the exercise might also show up outdoor professional legislation. Critics argue that racial profiling is discriminatory, as it disproportionately goals human beings of color.

Examples of racial profiling are the use of race to determine which drivers to end for minor visitors violations (commonly referred to as 'driving whilst black, Asian, Native American, Middle Eastern, Hispanic, or brown'), or the use of race to decide which pedestrians to search for illegal contraband

"Racial Profiling" refers to the discriminatory exercise by regulation enforcement officials of focused on people for suspicion of crime based on the individual's race, ethnicity, religion or country wide origin.

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All of the above are advantages of secondary data.

Secondary data can help clarify the research problem by providing an in-depth look at a particular topic. It may provide a solution to the problem by providing data from other research. Secondary data may also provide alternative data research alternatives, such as case studies or surveys, that can offer new insights into a problem. Therefore, none of the options is not an advantage of secondary data.

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The given statement "Listening to something vulgar or immoral or watching something sexually explicit over and over again causes a person to become desensitized to it" is true.

Desensitization refers to the reduced responsiveness to a stimulus that occurs over time, typically as a result of repeated exposure to that stimulus. A stimulus, such as a person, object, or event, will typically elicit a response in individuals, such as feelings, thoughts, or behaviors.

However, with repeated exposure to that stimulus, the response will eventually become less intense, less frequent, or absent altogether, a phenomenon known as desensitization. Therefore, listening to something vulgar or immoral or watching something sexually explicit over and over again causes a person to become desensitized to it.

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The given statement "When children enter primary school and are screened for language problems, a clinician may detect it and refer the child to a reading specialist.", is true as the problems are best dealt when children are young.

There is a wide spectrum of children who encounter reading difficulties since they occur on a continuum. For instance, if a preschool student struggles significantly more than other pupils to pronounce or rhyme words, or to acquire the numbers, alphabet, colors, or shapes.

It's crucial that a pupil doesn't fall too far behind in learning to read; reading problems are best dealt with when they're discovered when they're still very young. Reading problems are more likely to arise in some pupils than others. It's critical to be aware of these characteristics so that pupils may be watched and any problems can be identified early.

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In the context of Chapter 10 of CDEV 112, your feelings and responses to a situation may differ based on whether it is a first-time occurrence or a repeated occurrence.

Step 1: Identify the situation
Determine the context or event that is happening for the first time or is being repeated.

Step 2: Evaluate your initial feelings
Reflect on your emotional reaction to the situation, considering factors such as surprise, frustration, or happiness.

Step 3: Compare first-time vs. repeated occurrences
For a first-time occurrence, your feelings might be more intense or uncertain, as you are experiencing the situation for the first time. For a repeated occurrence, your feelings might be more familiar or predictable, as you have previous experience with the situation.

Step 4: Assess your responses
Your response to a first-time occurrence may be more cautious, as you are navigating an unfamiliar situation. In contrast, your response to a repeated occurrence might be more confident, as you can draw upon past experiences and knowledge to inform your actions.

Step 5: Reflect on the impact of frequency
In summary, your feelings and responses can differ depending on whether a situation is a first-time or repeated occurrence. Familiarity with the situation can influence your emotional reactions and inform your responses.

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The professor is using the method of "frequent low-stakes testing" with the geology students.

Frequent low-stakes testing is a teaching method that involves administering frequent quizzes or tests with relatively low point values on a regular basis throughout the learning process. These quizzes are typically designed to assess the students' understanding of the content covered in the class and to provide them with feedback on their progress.

Therefore, Research has shown that frequent low-stakes testing can enhance student learning and performance by providing regular opportunities for review and reinforcement of the material, promoting active retrieval of information, and reducing test anxiety. By administering weekly quizzes on the content covered in the unit, the professor is providing the geology students with regular opportunities to review and reinforce the material, which may have contributed to their enhanced performance on the unit exam.

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If maria is the school chess champion and is invited to compete at a regional tournament. Maria has just experienced stereotype threat.

This occurs when an individual is aware of a negative stereotype about their group and is concerned that they will confirm that stereotype through their behavior or performance.

This can lead to anxiety, reduced confidence, and lower performance. In this case, Maria's opponent's comment likely activated the stereotype that men are better at chess than women, causing Maria to doubt her abilities and ultimately perform worse in the tournament.

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Athens is the republic that collapsed during ancient times but was highly influential on the founders of the United States in the development of the constitution.

Therefore, Athens is an ancient republic that had fallen and had a significant impact on the formation of democratic and republican governments, which includes the creation of the United States Constitution.

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An evolutionary psychologist would explain the difference between Christy's 17-year-old niece and nephew by citing evolutionary adaptations that are advantageous for survival. From an evolutionary standpoint, taking risks can be beneficial as it can lead to rewards that increase an individual's chances of survival.

Generally speaking, males are more inclined to take risks compared to females due to ancestral tendencies towards aggression and exploration. This means that Christy's nephew is likely to be more adventurous and daring due to this evolutionary influence.  For example, a person who takes risks may be more likely to find food or explore new territories. On the other hand, a person who avoids risks might be more likely to remain in a safe environment and avoid harm. Thus, the difference between Christy's niece and nephew may be due to their differing levels of risk-taking.

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Christianity and Buddhism had a common impact on social structures in Eurasia as they spread. Christianity impacted social structures by introducing monotheism, which emphasized an overarching authority that created rules and standards for how people were to live.

Buddhism, on the other hand, had a much more subtle impact on social structures in Eurasia. It provided an ethical system that offered guidance on how to live a life of compassion, understanding, and peace. The combination of both of these religions created a more balanced and moral society in Eurasia.

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Beatrice holds a strong personal belief that prejudice is wrong. She is guided by the internal motivation of moral principles to control prejudice.

Prejudice is a preconceived notion about a group or category of people. Prejudice is a judgment made in advance without sufficient knowledge or facts. It is based on characteristics such as race, gender, religion, or sexual orientation, and it often results in discrimination, stereotyping, or bias.

The following are some of the ways to control prejudice:

Moral principles or a strong personal belief is one of the driving factors that help control prejudice. Beatrice holds a strong personal belief that prejudice is wrong, and it guides her internal motivation to control it.

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Complete Question:

Beatrice holds the strong personal belief that prejudice is wrong, she is guided by which motivation to control prejudice?

a. internal motivation

b. external motivation

c. restraint to avoid dispute

d. norm compliance

If a theorist were to focus on healthy, beneficial attributes rather than on pathology, that approach would be relevant to the positive psychology movement.

In contrast to traditional psychology, positive psychology emphasises enjoyment and human growth. Instead of attempting to fix what is wrong, it concentrates on bringing out the best in people. It is a scientific investigation into the qualities that help people and communities live fulfilling lives. It is the study of how to improve everyone's quality of life by examining what works well in life.

The field of psychology saw the emergence of positive psychology in the late 1990s. It was developed to provide a balance to psychology's long-standing emphasis on the identification and management of mental diseases.

The positive psychology movement would therefore benefit from a theory who chose to emphasise positive, healthy traits rather than pathology.

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The sentence "As Jules stares at the group of baseball players, his attention is drawn toward the one player not wearing a uniform." is an example of imagery.

Therefore, imagery is the answer to the question. Here is an explanation of imagery: Imagery refers to the use of vivid language to produce mental images of a setting, object, or character, thereby helping readers visualize and experience a work of literature or poetry.

This is done by using descriptive language, such as figurative language, sensory language, or other types of descriptive language. Writers use imagery to create vivid and lifelike representations of their characters, events, and settings.

Imagery also helps readers to experience the same sensations that the characters do in a story, such as hearing a sound, smelling a scent, or seeing a color.

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The reason for why orangutans go for requests asking for food, even though the success rate for simply taking is much higher, is that the orangutans may want to maintain good social relations.

When orangutans use a request to ask for food, they are essentially expressing a need and allowing another individual to respond to it. By engaging in this cooperative behaviour, they are strengthening the bonds between the individuals in their social group.

Furthermore, the individual providing the food is likely to gain benefits such as a reputation as a generous individual, which could lead to reciprocity in the future. Additionally, requests may enable the orangutans to test the relationships between other individuals in the group, which can help them gauge the degree of trust and support in their relationships.

Finally, requests are an effective way to deal with potential conflicts since they are less confrontational and may act as a way to avoid fights over food.

In summary, the reason for why orangutans go for requests asking for food, even though the success rate for simply taking is much higher, is that it enables them to strengthen their social relationships, receive reputational benefits, test relationships, and avoid potential conflicts.

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Answer:

A student with a specific learning disability is defined as one who may be experiencing difficulties in reading comprehension.

A specific learning disability is a neurological disorder that affects the ability to learn or use specific academic skills. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) defines a specific learning disability as a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in difficulties in reading, writing, listening, speaking, or mathematical calculations.

While students with specific learning disabilities may also experience difficulties in other areas such as concentration, task completion, or social development, reading comprehension difficulties are one of the key indicators of a specific learning disability. These students may struggle with decoding, fluency, and/or understanding written language, which can impact their academic performance and overall learning experience.

The ethical test that involves exposing your proposed actions to others and getting their thoughts on them is known as the "disclosure rule."

The disclosure rule is one of the most critical and widely used ethical tests that exist. The rule involves disclosing your proposed actions to others and soliciting their input, recommendations, or advice. The purpose of this rule is to ensure that you don't make any wrong choices or decisions that might harm others or violate their rights.

The disclosure rule is a valuable tool for people who want to make ethical choices. It is particularly effective when you are unsure about what action to take or when you need advice from someone more knowledgeable than yourself. When you use this rule, you will likely get a wide range of feedback from different people, which can help you make more informed and well-rounded decisions.

Therefore, the ethical test that involves exposing your proposed actions to others and getting their thoughts on them is known as the "disclosure rule." This rule is an excellent tool for people who want to make ethical choices, and it is particularly effective when you are unsure about what action to take or when you need advice from someone more knowledgeable than yourself.

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If someone came to you and said that they wanted a bigger sample size for interviews or a survey, you should suggest them to increase the sample size.

The number of observations in a sample is referred to as the sample size. Sample size is a crucial element of study design, and it's critical to choose the appropriate sample size to ensure that a study is statistically reliable. Larger sample sizes can reduce sampling error and increase precision. To maximize statistical power, researchers aim for the smallest sample size that will yield acceptable results.

Here are some ways to increase the sample size for interviews or a survey:1. Set a realistic sample size goal: You should establish a reasonable target size for your sample. This will be based on how representative you want the sample to be, as well as your survey's goals and constraints.2. Choose your sampling method carefully: Choosing the appropriate sampling method can help you obtain a representative sample that reflects the larger population.

You must guarantee that all members of the population have an equal chance of being chosen for the sample.3. Extend the length of the data collection period: You can improve your chances of recruiting a bigger sample by lengthening the data collection period.4. Provide incentive: You may motivate potential participants to complete your survey or interview by providing a little reward or compensation.

5. Use different recruiting techniques:You may try recruiting participants through various channels, such as social media, email lists, or advertising, to reach a larger population.6. Reducing sample error:You can reduce sampling error by increasing the sample size. This is the most straightforward way to reduce the impact of random variation on the survey's results.

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Most people travel more and enjoy more leisure when they are elderly than when they are middle-aged. This can be explained by increased financial security, improved health, and increased access to leisure activities as people age.

Elderly people tend to have more disposable income and better access to health care, allowing them to travel more often and for longer periods of time. Additionally, many leisure activities are better suited for elderly people due to their physical capabilities.

Older adults may also have fewer responsibilities and obligations to work or raise a family. They can, therefore, spend more time and money on leisure activities such as traveling, pursuing hobbies or interests, and spending time with family and friends.

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The Trial of Socrates was a formal finding of fact made by a jury on matters or questions submitted to the jury by a judge. In a bench trial, the judge's decision near the end of the trial is known as a finding.

The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison for doing something that is against a law, such as refusing to recognize the Gods recognized by the state and introducing new divinities.

Socrates was also guilty of corrupting the youth and his open criticism of prominent Athenian politicians made him many enemies. By pinning charges of "impiety" and "corrupting the young" on him, the Athenian court was able to remove a threat to their own power.

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The education sector underwent major changes which resulted in three main types of pressure for HEC Montreal. These pressures are cost reduction, the rise of new technologies, and changes in the student and professor demographics.

Cost reduction pressure put a strain on HEC Montreal’s budget, forcing the institution to look for new ways to save money. This led to changes in staff and resources.

The rise of new technologies in the education sector required HEC Montreal to update its infrastructure and implement new ways of teaching and learning.

Changes in the student and professor demographics led to a more diverse and competitive student body, while professors had to adapt to the varying needs of their students.

All of these changes in the education sector put pressure on HEC Montreal, forcing the institution to adapt to the changing environment.

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Answer:

Leaders who do the right thing are applying the servant leader behavior of behaving ethically, which is one of Liden's servant leader behaviors.

Behaving ethically is a key characteristic of servant leadership, and it involves leaders demonstrating ethical behavior and moral principles in their decision-making and interactions with others. This includes being honest, transparent, and fair in their dealings with followers, and demonstrating integrity in all aspects of their leadership.

Leaders who behave ethically set a positive example for their followers and create a culture of trust and respect. By modeling ethical behavior, they encourage their followers to do the same, which can contribute to the overall success and well-being of the organization.

The element that is least characteristic of enduring love relationships is infidelity.

Enduring love relationships are built on a foundation of trust, commitment, and mutual respect. Infidelity, or engaging in romantic or sexual relationships with someone outside of the relationship, is a betrayal of that trust and commitment. While infidelity is unfortunately common in many relationships, it is not a characteristic of enduring love. Enduring love relationships involve a willingness to work through challenges and conflicts, a commitment to growth and personal development, and a deep sense of connection and intimacy. Infidelity undermines these qualities and can damage or destroy even the strongest of relationships.

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Rohan's belief that deviant behavior has to exist for a society to properly function is most closely aligned with the perspective of Emile Durkheim, a French sociologist who is widely considered one of the founders of modern sociology.

According to Durkheim, deviation from the norm is not abnormal but rather an essential and useful aspect of society. He believes that deviance plays a significant role in promoting social change, reinforcing social norms and values, and defining the limits of acceptable behavior. Durkheim argued that without deviance, society would become immobile and incapable of adapting to the changing environment.

Functionalism, which emphasizes how various facets of society interact and contribute to the overall functioning of the social system, is a perspective on deviance popularized by Durkheim. According to functionalists, all facets of society, including deviance, have a purpose and contribute to social cohesion and stability.

Rohan's view that abnormal behavior is required for society to function properly thus agrees with the functionalist viewpoint on abnormal behavior.

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The primary ethical violation in the "Tastes, Ties, and Time (T3)" study is the failure to protect research subjects from deductive disclosure of identity.

In the T3 study, while no students were identified by name, some of the data was specific enough to allow for re-identification of students by an outside researcher. This failure to protect subjects from deductive disclosure of their identities violates ethical principles, as it potentially puts the subjects at risk for harm or loss of privacy.

In other studies, the primary ethical problems may include physical harm or unanticipated psychological harm, but in the T3 study, the primary issue is the failure to protect subjects from deductive disclosure of identity. This underscores the importance of researchers taking steps to protect the confidentiality and privacy of their research subjects to maintain ethical standards in research.

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Vygotsky referred to this type of self-talk as “private speech.” Young preschoolers typically speak aloud to themselves while playing and exploring their surroundings.

Private communication is what we call this inner dialogue. According to Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory, which was published in 1934 and updated in 1986, children's private speech is the basis for later sophisticated mental activity and is employed for self-direction. According to Vygotsky, children can use "private speech" to plan their activities and methods, which will help them develop. Private speech is when a person uses language to control their conduct. Young preschoolers typically speak aloud to themselves while playing and exploring their surroundings. Private communication is what we call this inner dialogue.

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Among the provided options, the one that is  least likely to be an adaptation is individuals differences in the shape of earlobes.

This is because earlobe shape is determined by genetics and is not an adaptation to the environment. The other choices are all likely to be adaptations to the environment as they help individuals survive and reproduce more successfully.

For example, a desire for sweet and fatty foods is an adaptation because such foods are usually high in calories and therefore beneficial for survival.

Fear of snakes is an adaptation because it helps individuals avoid potential danger.

Finally, preferences for physically attractive mates is an adaptation because it allows individuals to pass on their genes more successfully.

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When people use sociology for practical applications to help people and organizations, they are practicing Applied sociology.

Sociology is the study of people's behavior, social relations, institutions, and organizations in society. It helps us to comprehend how the different parts of society function and how they are interrelated with one another. It entails analyzing data, creating theories, and discovering patterns to comprehend human behavior more comprehensively.

Applied sociology is the application of sociological principles, methodologies, and findings to real-world situations. It focuses on putting sociological knowledge into practice to resolve social issues, such as poverty, homelessness, healthcare, education, and criminal justice. It may also include consulting for private companies and organizations to help them better comprehend and adapt to changing social norms and behaviors. In essence, applied sociology seeks to utilize sociological knowledge to improve the quality of life for people and to better society overall.

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