The mutation for sickle cell allele most likely originated in Congo (near Kinshasa).
Mutation refers to the change in nucleotide sequence of DNA during cell division in an organism. It can be beneficial or harmful for a population. Mutations for sickle cell allele were originated in Congo by altering a normal haemoglobin allele.
The mutation for the sickle cell allele originated in Congo near Kinshasa and provided a better chance of survival to heterozygous individuals for this allele. As this mutant allele was transferred to the next generations, it allowed them to survive and reproduce with better success and spread the mutation among the populations through migration.
This can be considered an example of natural selection where heterozygous individuals for sickle cell alleles had better chances of survival and reproduction. The heterozygous individuals with sickle cell allele exhibit resistance to malaria. When such individuals get affected by the malarial parasite, their RBCs tend to turn sickle and defend against malaria.
The sickle-cell allele most likely originated when a mutation occurred in a normal hemoglobin allele. If the trait arose in Africa, it most likely originated in Congo.
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Microorganisms that catabolize sugars into ethanol and hydrogen gas would most likely be categorized as?
Microorganisms that catabolize sugars into ethanol and hydrogen gas would most likely be categorized as heterolactic fermenters.
What is fermentation?Fermentation is any of many anaerobic biochemical reactions in which an enzymes produced by a microorganism catalyses the conversion of one substance into another.
Fermentation especially involves the conversion (using yeast) of sugars to alcohol or acetic acid with the evolution of carbon dioxide.
However, fermentation can either be homolactic or heterolactic. The conversion of one glucose molecule into two lactic acid molecules is homolactic fermentation while the conversion of one glucose molecule into lactic acid, carbon dioxide, and ethanol is known as heterolactic fermentation.
Therefore, it can be said that microorganisms that catabolize sugars into ethanol and hydrogen gas would most likely be categorized as heterolactic fermenters.
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Luis is studying for a quiz on neurotransmission. he wrote in his notes that neurotransmitters are typically stored in _____ in the _____ neuron.
Luis is studying for a quiz on neurotransmission. he wrote in his notes that neurotransmitters are typically stored in vesicles in the presynaptic neuron.
What neurotransmission means?The process of neurotransmission occurs when signalling molecules, known as neurotransmitters, are released from a neuron's axon terminal and bind to and interact with receptors on the dendrites of a nearby neuron .
What is presynaptic vesicle release?Small, electron-lucent vesicles called synaptic vesicles, also known as neurotransmitter vesicles, are grouped at presynaptic terminals. They hold neurotransmitters and exocytose, which is stimulated by calcium, releases them. SVs are produced locally at the terminals following exocytosis.
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Are proteins or rna molecules that act as catalysts to speed up reactions in living organisms.
Enzymes are proteins or RNA molecules that act as catalysts to speed up reactions in living organisms. Vinblastine is used to treat non-lymphoma Hodgkin's (types of cancer that start in a type of white blood cell that normally fights infection), Hodgkin's lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease), and testicular cancer in combination with other chemotherapy drugs.
It's possible to experience Enzymes injection site pain or redness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, fatigue, and appetite loss. Severe nausea and vomiting are possible. Your doctor may occasionally recommend medicine to treat or prevent nausea and vomiting. A little perennial plant that is indigenous to the island of popularly known as Vinblastine periwinkle.
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which of the following statements is true? answer: which of the following statements is true? the process of diffusion can be reversed, but only if a strong force is applied. the process of osmosis can be reversed by altering the pressure gradient. the process of osmosis can occur in the absence of a selectively permeable membrane. the process of diffusion cannot take place without a membrane present.
The statement that is true is that the process of osmosis can be reversed by altering the pressure gradient (option B).
What is osmosis?Osmosis is the net movement of solvent molecules, usually water, from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration through a partially permeable membrane.
Osmosis cannot occur without the presence of a semi-permeable membrane.
The principle behind osmosis is the concentration gradient i.e. concentration difference between external and internal environment.
However, the osmotic process can be reversed if the pressure gradient is changed or altered because it is the basis of the movement.
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Which of the following organisms is incorrectly paired with its trophic level? a. cyanobacterium-primary producer b. grasshopper-primary consumer c. zooplankton-primary producer d. fungus-detritivore
The zooplankton-primary producer is incorrectly paired with its trophic level.
Phytoplanktons are the main food producers in an aquatic food chain. They are tiny, autotrophic organisms that live in practically all of the world's oceans and freshwater bodies of water. They constitute the bottom trophic level. The phytoplanktons are consumed by zooplankton. They are second-trophic level organisms and primary consumers.
Zooplankton is a category of heterotrophic plankton that includes everything from tiny creatures to giant animals like jellyfish. Large bodies of water, such as oceans and freshwater systems, contain zooplankton. The most significant types of zooplankton are radiolarians, foraminiferans, dinoflagellates, cnidarians, crustaceans, chordates, and mollusks. Zooplankton is drifting, ecologically significant organisms that represent a crucial link in the food chain.
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Which of the following statements is TRUE?
The energy of the waves is the same at the gamma rays and at the microwaves
The volume of the waves is higher in the middle than at the ends.
The radiation becomes more visible at the ends.
The wavelength decreases as you move from radio waves to gamma rays.
The true statement among the following options are- The wavelength decreases as you move from waves to gamma rays.
Electromagnetic spetrum has a range of all the types of electromagnetic radiations. It consists of gamma rays, x rays, uv rays, visible rays, infrared rays, microwaves rays, and radio waves.
The wavelength decreases as one moves from radio waves to gamma rays with radio waves having longest wavelength and gamma waves having lowest wavelength.
The frequency on the other hand decreases as we go from gamma rays to radio waves with gamma rays having highest frequency and radio waves having lowest frequency. Same pattern can be seen with the amount of energy per photons.
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What are the strengths of the trait approach?
Explanation:
Strengths of Trait Approach. The trait approach focuses on the leader and not on the followers or the situation. This approach is concerned with what traits leaders exhibit and who has these traits.
If a factor is dynamic, what does that mean?
Answer:
In econometrics, a dynamic factor (also known as a diffusion index) is a series which measures the co-movement of many time series. It is used in certain macroeconomic models.
Explanation:
Answer:
a series which measures the co-movement of many time series
Explanation:
In econometrics, a dynamic factor (also known as a diffusion index) is a series which measures the co-movement of many time series. It is used in certain macroeconomic models.
Locusts (grasshoppers in the family Acrididae) undergo cyclic population outbreaks. Of the mechanisms of density-dependent regulation shown in Figure 53.18 , choose the two that you think most apply to locust swarms, and explain why.
"Intrinsic factors," because locust hormone levels depend on population size, and "Competition for resources," because rising population density increases competition for food and other resources and lowers reproductive rates.
What are intrinsic factors?Among the intrinsic elements are a person's genetic, physiological, and pathological qualities; in other words, these are traits that are "intrinsic" to the person rather than being influenced by their environment.
What's an example of intrinsic?Several instances of intrinsic motivation include: taking part in a sport for enjoyment's sake rather than to compete for recognition. Learning a new language should be done for personal interest rather than professional need.
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Comparing the two histograms you drew, do you find support for the researchers' hypothesis? Explain.
Histograms are graphs that show how your continuous data is distributed.
Because they may disclose characteristics about your sample data that summary statistics cannot, they are excellent exploratory tools.
What is histogram analysis explain with example?A graph called a histogram uses rectangles to represent the frequency of numerical values. The height of a rectangle (the vertical axis) symbolises the frequency of a variable's distribution (the amount, or how often that variable appears).
Examine the histogram to see if it displays a normal distribution. Your histogram would have a form after all of the frequencies have been displayed on it. If the pattern resembles a bell curve, then the frequencies are evenly distributed. A peak would appear on the histogram.
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WHAT IF? Suppose you are studying two bird species that live in a forest and are not known to interbreed. One species feeds and mates in the treetops and the other on the ground. But in captivity, the birds can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring. What type of reproductive barrier most likely keeps these species separate in nature? Explain.
The Prezygotic barrier is a type of reproductive barrier that keeps these species separate in nature.
What is Prezygotic barrier?Prezygotic barriers is a type of barrier that prevent members of different species from mating with each other in order to produce a zygote which is a single-celled embryo. For example, two species prefer different habitats which leads no encounter with one another. This is type of isolation is called habitat isolation. In this barrier, the species are unable to mate with each other and no new species are produced.
So we can conclude that the Prezygotic barrier is a type of reproductive barrier that keeps these species separate in nature.
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how does an electromagnet help in our daily life
the reaction allows us to amplify tiny amounts of dna, creating a powerful tool for diagnosis, forensics, and microbial investigation
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the chemical reaction that allows us to amplify tiny amounts of DNA, creating a powerful tool for diagnosis, forensics, and microbial investigation.
What is the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?The Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a chemical reaction used in molecular biology laboratories to amplify a given nucleotide DNA sequence having less than 1300 base pairs of length.
In conclusion, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the chemical reaction that allows us to amplify tiny amounts of DNA, creating a powerful tool for diagnosis, forensics, and microbial investigation.
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What cell stage is
this and describe it
Answer:
Interphase
Explanation:
This may be wrong and sorry about that. But I think Interphase since it's all bundled up together and that seems to be the only part showing on the photo.
After digestion and absorption, food provides an available source of energy to tissues if it is converted into:________
After digestion and absorption, food provides an available source of energy to tissues if it is converted into Glucose.
What is the main basis of energy for the body?
Glucose, or blood sugar, is the main basis of energy for your body's cells, tissues, and organs. Glucose can be used directly or stored in the liver and muscles for later use
Why is glucose the primary energy source?
The body breaks down most carbohydrates from the foodstuffs we eat and converts them to a variety of sugar called glucose. Glucose is the main origin of fuel for our cells. When the body doesn't require to use the glucose for energy, it stores it in the liver and forces.
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Pls help (7th grade science)
Answer:
D. Iterative testing
Explanation:
Iterative testing is when you make small changes/ updates to a product based on insights from PREVIOUS test results and user feedback.
So example- Your figuring out if plants grow faster with scheduled watering/feeding times or random watering/feedings. You did the first test run, which was test A. Now your on test B a week later to make sure your results were accurate. You try a different schedule for the feedings (so different times of the day then in test A) but you also have to consider the times you used in test A so you don't just repeat the same thing over again.
I hope that wasn't too wordy, sorry if it was.
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Lipids that contain multiple carbon-ring structures are known as phospholipids. true false
False: Lipids that contain multiple carbon-ring structures are known as phospholipids.
Lipids that contain multiple carbon-ring structures are known as sterols (specifically, cholesterol). Lipids are organic compounds that are insoluble in water and can be found in the body as well as in food. There are three types of lipids:
1. Triglycerides
These are the primary lipid compounds found in food or the body. The structure contains glycerol attached by the long chains of three fatty acids.
2. Phospholipids
This is the least common lipid found in both plants and animals. The structure contains a glycerol backbone attached by long chains of two fatty acids.
3. Sterols
They are complex lipid molecules that contain multiple carbon rings. They do not contain fatty acids generally and are not found in plants.
The most common sterol is cholesterol. Cholesterol is not an essential nutrient. This means that it does not need to be taken into the diet but is processed inside the body, the liver. It can cause atherosclerosis when collected in high amounts. It also synthesis bile, vitamin D, and sex hormones.
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asm 104 some alleles are dominant, others are recessive. from looking at pea plants you notice the following relationship between genotype and phenotype (the phenotype is the physical appearance of the organism): w w -> white v v -> violet w v -> violet v w -> violet is the white allele dominant?
The relationship between genotype and phenotype white v v
Which allele is the dominant allele in pea manufacturers?
A pea plant is heterozygous for both grain shape and seed color. S is the allele for the dominant, globular shape characteristic; s is the allele for the recessive, dented shape factor.
What is the distinction between phenotype genotype and allele?
The alleles an person has at a locus are called a genotype. The genotype of an organism is often described using letters. The visible manifestation of the genotype is called an organism's phenotype. Alleles are not formed equal.
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match each blood type with the correct description of the surface antigens and antibodies for that blood type.
Blood group antigens are either proteins or carbohydrates that are linked to different parts of the membrane of the red blood cell
O+: anti-A antibodies, anti-B antibodies, Rh antigen D.
AB+: ABO antigen A, ABO antigen B, Rh antigen D
A-: ABO antigen A, anti-B antibodies
B+: ABO antigen B, anti-A antibodies, Rh antigen D
O-: anti-A antibodies, and anti-B antibodies
AB-: ABO antigen A, ABO antigen B
A+: ABO antigen A, anti-B antibodies, Rh antigen D
B-: ABO antigen B, anti-A antibodies
The kind of enzymes a person has and, consequently, the kind of sugar antigens that end up on their red blood cells, are determined by their DNA. The Rh blood group's antigens, on the other hand, are proteins. The instructions for generating the protein antigens are stored in a person's DNA.
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A population of sharks lives in the atlantic ocean. over the last 50 years, the size of the shark population increased. what best explains the increase in the size of the shark population?
More sharks were born than died.
The term "population" usually refers to the total number of people living in a certain area, such as a city or town, region, nation, continent, or the entire planet. Governments frequently use censuses, a procedure for gathering, analyzing, compiling, and releasing statistics on a population, to determine the number of the resident people under their jurisdiction. A population is frequently referred to as a group of organisms in genetics where any two individuals can mate with each other. A breeding group known as a gamodeme is one that may routinely exchange gametes to create children who are typically viable.
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How do prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in how they store genetic material?
Answer: prokaryotes have one strand while eukaryotes have more than one
Explanation:
How might associative learning explain why different species of distasteful or stinging insects have similar colors?
Natural selection would promote colour pattern convergence because a predator learning to identify a pattern with a sting or terrible taste would avoid all other individuals with that colour pattern, independent of species.
What is the definition of associative learning in animal behaviour?In animal behaviour, associative learning refers to any learning process in which a new response gets linked with a specific stimuli. Except for simple habituation, the phrase has been used to characterise essentially all learning in its widest sense.
A learnt behaviour would be sneezing. Only after conscious thinking do all acts occur. Practice and repetition result in innate behaviour. Both acquired and instinctual behaviours are examples of observable behaviours.
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during his experiments with pea plants, gregor mendel crossed plants that were heterozygous for two traits with one another in order to determine laws of inheritance. the punnett square shows the results of this cross
Dominance Law
According to the law of dominance, only the phenotypic trait that is dominant will be passed on to hybrid offspring. Recessive characteristics are those alleles that are suppressed, whereas dominant traits are those alleles that control the trait.
What does the second law in inheritance state?According to the law of independent assortment, during gamete development, a pair of characteristics segregates independently of another pair. Different qualities have an equal chance to occur together as the individual hereditary variables assort independently.
What does the third law of inheritance state?According to Mendel's law of dominance, only one form of a trait will manifest in the offspring of two parents who have distinct, opposing qualities. The sole phenotypic trait that the hybrid offspring will display is the dominant trait. The first law of inheritance is known as the law of dominance.
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In a short essay (about 100-150 words) focusing on energy transfer and transformation, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of hibernation.
The passage of energy from one place to another is known as energy transfer. When energy transforms, it goes from one type to another.
What are the advantages of Hibernation?The greatest strategy to reduce energy consumption in challenging circumstances, such as when the outside temperature is at or below 0 °C, is to hibernate.
What are the disadvantages of hibernation?Animals are found to incur expenditures during hibernation. Both the negative physiological side-effects of hibernation and the costs associated with being unable to respond to stimuli are included in these expenses.
What is hibernation?According to definition, hibernation is a state of torpor that is only experienced during the winter and is sustained for periods longer than 24 hours. A mammal's metabolism slows down during hibernation, allowing the body temperature to drop to a few degrees above ambient levels. The animal will actively produce heat when its body is too chilly to keep alive.
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ow would you distinguish between these two hypotheses after sequencing the same segment of dna in representatives of all ten species? if the level of genetic divergence differs for at least three of the five species pairs, then dispersal is the likely cause. if the level of genetic divergence for all five species pairs is similar, then vicariance is the likely cause. if the level of genetic divergence for all five species pairs is similar, then dispersal is the likely cause. if the level of genetic divergence differs for each of the five species pairs, then vicariance is the likely cause. if the level of genetic divergence differs for at least two of the five species pairs, then d
If the amount of genetic divergence between species in all five pairs of species is similar, then vicariance is the likely cause.
The two hypotheses include:
The ancestors of the species living currently on the island subsequently dispersed to the island from the mainland. This can be the cause of dispersal.
The island was part of the mainland. The rise in sea level made it cut off. In this way, the species on the island diverged from the ancestors who lived on the mainland. This is called vicariance.
Divergence refers to the evolutionary process that resulted in two different species, from a common ancestral species, that are way more similar in their structure and functions. It can be a result of adaptation as per their environment. The geographical distribution of organisms can occur in two ways: either dispersal or vicariance. Vicariance happens when the ancestral species undergoes some changes to adapt to the environment and results in diverging two different species. Whereas, dispersal happens when the ancestral species move to another geographical area and breed accordingly.
Therefore, we can now say that if the amount of genetic divergence in some species is similar, they are likely to undergo vicariance.
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What determines whether the net diffusion of O₂ and CO₂ is into or out of the capillaries in the tissues and near the alveoli? Explain.
The respiratory system's main job is to absorb oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.
Alveoli in the lungs receive oxygen that was inhaled. Simple diffusion is used to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through partial pressure gradients. To provide the red blood cells with oxygen, the alveolar PO₂ must be higher than the PO₂ in the alveolar capillaries. In order to remove CO₂ from respiring cells, the PCO₂ in the systemic capillaries must be lower than the PCO₂ of the tissues. Each location has an opposing gradient that releases O₂ into the tissues while clearing CO₂ from the lung capillaries.Learn more about the respiratory system with the help of the given link:
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What reults would you see if you decolorized with water instead of the acetone.alcohol soultion for either gram postive or gram negative cell?
In the Gram staining procedure, acetone/alcohol is used for the purpose of color differentiation. In the presence of acetone/alcohol peptidoglycan molecules get shrunk in the cell wall for holding the crystal violet iodine tightly.
There might be no differentiation in Gram-advantageous or Gram-positive cells if they're decolorized with water instead of the acetone/alcohol answer. Peptidoglycan molecules do not shrink inside the aqueous surroundings.
Decolorizing will bring about an misguided end end result wherein gram-incredible cells might also stain red to purple indicating a gram-terrible cease result, and below-decolorizing will bring about a defective end result in which gram-terrible cells may additionally additionally appear blue to pink indicating a gram-splendid end result.
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Suppose an individual organism aids the survival and reproductive success of the offspring of its sibling. How might this behavior result in indirect selection for certain genes carried by that individual?
The genes that individuals carry experience indirect selection; the same genes are carried by the individual and the progeny of their siblings.
Instructing the cell to make protein, translation, eukaryotic transcription, and eukaryotic gene expression are a few of the roles played by genes. Different types of genes include housekeeping, structural, non-consecutive, processed, and overlapped ones. The appearance, survival, and environment-responsive behavior of organisms are the three distinct instructions that genes give to cells.Siblings are the genetically related animals that share a similar appearance and are closely linked to one another. Siblings (humans) share 50% of the same DNA, as well as shared interests, mannerisms, and a sense of humor.In the case of humans, a person's genes are closely related to those of their sibling's kids. Indirect selection occurs as a result of this gene activity (link between two characters, one changes due to evolution and other influenced due to natural selection).The genotypic presentation within the population is increased by siblings' reproductive success (the person successfully produces kids).Learn more about the animal behaviour with the help of the given link:
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PLEASE HURRY! THANKS!
Although Arroyo does not mention the term "watershed", it is discussed in the unit as being closely related to and impacted by drought and floods. Please discuss how the watershed relates to drought and heat. How might Arroyo have integrated the term watershed into her talk?
Marine science
Although Arroyo does not mention the term "watershed", it is discussed in the unit as being closely related to and impacted by drought and floods. The watershed relates to drought and heat through the water cycle that is upon heating the water rises in the atmosphere in the form of water vapors and upon cooling condenses in the form of rainfall and comes down but during drought low water level in water bodies affect the water flow and quality of water.
Arroyo might have integrated the term watershed by saying that the Rockefeller Foundation is assisting farmers in constructing hillside decks to preserve water and they will also provide insurance when droughts occur.
A watershed is a region of land that frees water into a specific waterbody. Watersheds direct rainfall into creeks and rivers. These shorter bodies of water course into larger ones, such as lakes and oceans.
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An increase in the capacity or affinity of the transport protein would increase the amount of free hormone and its effect on the tissue. True or false
False. An increase in the capacity or affinity of the transport protein would reduce the amount of free hormone and its effect on the tissue.
Hormones that are attached to proteins are in an equilibrium state, whereas unbound hormones are concentrated less. Free hormones in serum leave the bloodstream to operate on tissues, whereas bound hormones separate from their binding protein.
Transport proteins defend against spikes in hormone output and aid in spreading hormones uniformly to all of the cells in large organs like the liver.
Hence, false is the correct answer because of the transport protein's attachment to other hormones, an increase in its capacity or affinities will result in a decrease in the amount of free hormone rather than an increase.
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