The sickle-cell allele most likely developed close to Kinshasa (in Congo).
Since the mutation was first discovered in Congo around Kinshasa, heterozygous persons who had it had a higher probability of surviving. These people lived, reproduced more successfully, and via migration disseminated the mutation both inside and outside of that specific community. The mutation that occured via sickle-cell allele allowed to develop a resistance against malarial parasites and thus had better chances of survival.
At a certain genomic region, an allele is one of two or more variations of the DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of nucleotides). For each genomic region with such variation, an individual inherits two alleles, one from each parent. The person is homozygous for the allele if the two alleles are the same.
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Select all examples of observations that are objective, rather than subjective.
The taste of a particular food
The fat content of a particular food
The desirability of a particular work of art
The appeal of a musical composition
The effect of a new drug on blood cholesterol
The examples of observations that are objective, rather than subjective are as follows:
The fat content of a particular foodThe effect of a new drug on blood cholesterolWhat is objectivity?Objectivity is the state of being objective i.e. being unbiased and not influenced by emotions or personal prejudices.
On the other hand, subjectivity is the act of being subjective i.e. as in opinions, based upon a person's feelings or intuition, not upon observation or reasoning.
According to this question, the examples of observations that are objective, rather than subjective are as follows:
The fat content of a particular food is objective because it is not based on opinionThe effect of a new drug on blood cholesterol is also objective because it is not based on individual's emotions.Learn more about objectivity at: https://brainly.com/question/1282756
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compare the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid macromolecules.
All the biomolecules (carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acid) are polymers of some monomeric unit except the lipids.
Carbohydrates are the polyhydroxy ketones or aldehydes. These can be monosaccharides or polysaccharides (polymers of monosaccharides). They are essential for providing energy to the body. Proteins are the polymers of amino acids. They are essential for the body-building and repair of the body.
Nucleic acids are the polymers of nucleotides. A nucleotide is composed of a pentose sugar, nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. There are two types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. Nucleic acids contain the genetic material. Lipids are the aggregates and not actually a biomolecule. The structure of lipid is composed of a polar hydrophilic head and a non-polar hydrophobic tail. These are involved in the formation of membranes of the cell.
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the lymphatic system is a closed circuit system that carries lymph and interstitial fluid to all organs of the body and can facilitate the spread of disease throughout the body.
The statement 'the lymphatic system is a closed system that carries lymph and interstitial fluid to all organs and facilitate the spread of disease throughout the body' is TRUE.
What is the lymphatic system?The lymphatic system is an organ system composed of different structures and organs which include bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels. etc.
This organ system is responsible for the production and processing of the different types of plasma white cells (lymphocytes) that act during immune responses.
In conclusion, the statement 'the lymphatic system is a closed circuit system that carries lymph and interstitial fluid to all organs of the body and can facilitate the spread of disease throughout the body' is TRUE.
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A butterfly goes through the stages of development in a process called metamorphosis. What characteristic of life does this describe?.
A butterfly goes through the stages of development in a process called metamorphosis and the characteristic of life does this describe are
A biological process called metamorphosis aids in the physical growth of a butterfly egg into an adult butterfly.
It mostly concerns cell division and development after sudden alterations to their physical makeup. They go through full metamorphosis or holometaboly.
The life cycle of a butterfly includes the egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages. In a few days, eggs laid by female flies develop into feeding caterpillars. The caterpillar goes through five cycles of shedding before entering the pupal stage, where it hides and rapidly changes into an adult in a matter of weeks.
The innocent, developing butterfly goes through a few more modifications, grows stronger, and matures into an adult butterfly that is prepared to fly.
A biological process called metamorphosis involves an obvious and relatively sudden change in the animal's body structure as a result of cell proliferation and differentiation, including birth or hatching.To know more about Metamorphosis visit:
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A mutation that has no effect on the amino acid associated with the resulting codon is known as a:__________
a. point mutation
b. nonsense mutation
c. silent mutation
d. missense mutation
The correct option is B: nonsense mutation
A mutation that has no effect on the amino acid associated with the resulting codon is known as a non-sense mutation.
A nonsense mutation is a condition in which a point mutation occurs in DNA giving rise to a stop codon condition rather than a codon.
As a result of this procedure, a non-functional product of proteins is manufactured.
in other words, it refers to genetic alterations that terminate protein synthesis.
The protein with altered structure becomes completely or partially inactivated and this results in dysfunction of proteins.
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Fatty acids are catabolized into two carbon molecules during the process of __________.
Fatty acids are catabolized into two carbon molecules during the process of Beta oxidation.
.
What are the two categories that fatty acids are grouped in ?There are two groups of fatty acids saturated and unsaturated. The term unsaturated refers to the presence of one or more double bonds between carbons as in alkenes . A saturated fatty acids has all bonding positions between carbons occupied by hydrogen .
Beta oxidation , in the mitochondrial matrix , then cuts the long carbon chains of the fatty acids into a series of two carbon units , which combined with coenzyme A.
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When scientists were trying to determine the molecule that can transform non-virulent bacteria into virulent bacteria, they found that a cell extract treated with rnase could still transform the cells. Why was this?.
Answer:
This question seems to be a little confusing but we can say.
Explanation:
Only the RNase-treated extracts using heat-killed cells are incapable of turning nonvirulent bacteria towards virulent ones.
Scientists conducted an experiment to discover Griffith's "transforming principle," which describes how transformation is indeed a method of recombining, transmitting, or even transferring genetic information across organisms either from one species to the next. They did this by using heat-inactivated cells & purifying their transforming factor.
As in experiments conducted by the scientists, the pure cells did not provide favorable outcomes, but they did show transformants that were quite close to DNA. A scientist Avery, meanwhile, had his doubts that the outcome must be revised because the molecule did not contain DNA. This happens due to the transforming principle being unaffected by RNA degrading enzymes, whereas the only one cell extracts that can prevent the transformation of non-virulent bacteria onto virulent bacteria are those that have been treated with RNase.
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When you wave your right hand, what part of your brain initiates the action?
When you wave your right hand, the part of the brain that initiates the same action is known as the cerebral cortex of the left hemisphere.
What are the functions of the brain?The functions of the brain are as follows:
It is a type of complex organ that regulates breathing, temperature, motor skills, etc. The Brain also controls your emotions, thoughts, memory, hunger, vision, etc. Along with the spinal cord, it forms the structure of the central nervous system. Perception of numerous sensations is also regulated by the brain.The cerebral cortex on the left side of the brain also known as the left hemisphere initiates voluntary movement of the right side of the body including movement and function. This side of the brain is also responsible for language and speech.
Therefore, the cerebral cortex of the left hemisphere initiates the action of waving your right hand.
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In addition to the changes within each year, what changes in CO₂ concentration occurred between 1990 and 2010 ? Calculate the average CO₂ concentration for the 12 months of each year. By what percentage did this average change from 1990 to 2000 and from 1990 to 2010 ?
The average CO2 concentration increased by 10.0% between 1990 and 2010 from 354.5 ppm to 389.8 ppm. In actuality, since 1960, the average CO2 concentration has been continuously rising.
Global climate change is mostly caused by carbon dioxide emissions. It is commonly acknowledged that the world needs to reduce emissions quickly if it wants to avoid the worst effects of climate change. However, the division of this responsibility among nations, regions, and people has long been a source of dispute in international talks.
Emissions before the Industrial Revolution were very low. Emissions growth remained comparatively slow until the middle of the 20th century. The globe released 6 billion tonnes of CO2 in 1950. This amount nearly doubled by 1990, topping out at over 22 billion tonnes. The rate of growth in emissions has persisted, and we currently emit more than 34 billion tonnes annually.
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Fruit is an example of a renewable resource. True or False
Answer:
Explanation:
mmmm
Fruit is an example of a renewable resource. The statement is true.
Fruits are derived from plants that can be cultivated, grown, and harvested repeatedly.
As long as the plants are properly maintained and their fruits are harvested sustainably, they can continue to produce new fruit crops in subsequent growing seasons.
This makes fruit a renewable resource compared to finite resources that cannot be replenished once depleted.
Renewable resources are those that can be replenished or regenerated naturally within a reasonable time frame.
In the case of fruit, it comes from plants, such as trees or vines, that have the ability to bear fruit multiple times during their lifespan.
Thus, the given statement is true.
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Which process happens in the nucleus?
O Transcription
O Both Transcription and Translation
O Translation
O Protein Folding
Answer:
Transcription
Explanation:
Transcription occurs in the nucleus.
Translation occurs in the ribosomes.
It is difficult for molecules to pass through the phospholipid bilayer because.
Answer:
please rate as brainliest
Explanation:
Large polar or ionic molecules, which are hydrophilic, cannot easily cross the phospholipid bilayer.
Why might frequent use of a hot tub make it harder for a couple to conceive a child?
The frequent use of a hot tub makes it harder for a couple to conceive a child because taking hot baths will heat the sperm cells and impair sperm cell functions.
The use of a hot tub while conceiving significantly led to the reduction of sperm count, sperm concentration (volume), and shape of the sperm (morphology).
Studies have shown that heat exposure can damage the DNA of a sperm cell. Therefore, to produce healthy sperm, men's testes need a cooler environment.
Staying in a hot tub raises the body temperature which has a negative effect on the male partner to make healthy sperm.
Also, for women, raising body temperature during early pregnancy may be led to birth defects or even miscarriage.
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how is the temporalis muscle different in humans and in apes? a. the temporalis muscle is oriented vertically in humans and horizontally in apes. b. the temporalis muscle provides better crushing ability in apes but not in humans. c. the temporalis muscle enables better slicing motions in humans but not in apes. d. the temporalis muscle is more highly developed in humans.
The temporalis muscle is oriented vertically in humans and the horizontally in apes. The temporalis muscle, commonly referred to as the temporal muscle, is one of the mastication muscles in anatomy. The temporal fossa on each side of the head is filled with a large.
Fan-shaped convergent muscle that is superior to the zygomatic arch and so covers much of the temporal bone. The temporal refers to the temples of the head. The deep section of the temporal fascia and the temporal fossa are the sources of the temporalis muscle in humans. This area of attachment is the extremely broad.
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A scientist tests a small section of a carrot root to determine which molecules were
present. The basic results showed that the molecules contained carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen, with some arranged in a ringed pattern, providing structure and energy
to the root. What inference can be made from this data?
The molecules are a type of carbohydrate
The carrot root is mainly composed of proteins
The carrot contains some type of sugar
Both A and C are correct
Both A and C are correct.
Each cell in a plant is enclosed by the cell wall, an intricate extracellular matrix. In 1663, Robert Hooke became the first person to distinguish between and name different types of cells thanks to the thick cell walls of cork, which were visible under a crude microscope. The extracellular matrix created by animal cells is typically thinner, weaker, and—most importantly—less rigid than the walls of nearby plant cells, which are cemented together to form the entire plant. Early plant cells gave up their ability to crawl and embraced a sedentary lifestyle by developing rather solid walls that can be up to many micrometers thick. This lifestyle has survived in all current plants.
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In a paragraph, describe how the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere all interact to make up the planet we inhabit.
The atmosphere of Earth or air is the layer of gases retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphere.
In a paragraph, describe how the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere all interact to make up the planet we inhabit?
First of all we all know that the reservoirs of water has been present on the earth in the form of lakes, ponds, oceans, seas,and streams which is present in our atmosphere. The biosphere receives the water with the help of sunlight by the process of evaporation. Through the evaporation the water goes to the clouds and the clouds absorbed that water. When the water is collected by the clouds, then through the process of raining the water again goes to the reservoirs which forms the hydrosphere. The living organisms take the water from the hydrosphere which they used for the survival of their lives. They used for drinking, cooking, bathing, washings and for many other purposes.
The above all components combined together and makes the life possible on earth.
So we can conclude that: The atmosphere of Earth or air is the layer of gases retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphere.
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PLEASE HELP!!
What can happen to an enzyme that will cause it to no longer function properly?
Answer:
Extreme temperatures can cause an enzyme to lose its shape (denature) and stop working.
Explanation:
hope this helps!
Biomolecules contain a variety of atoms. Which biomolecule maintains a ratio of 1 carbon atom to 2 hydrogen atoms to 1 oxygen atom?
protein
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
lipid
The biomolecule which maintains a ratio of 1 carbon atom to 2 hydrogen atoms to 1 oxygen atom is referred to as carbohydrate and is denoted as option B.
What is Carbohydrate?This is referred to a type of biomolecule which when broken down in living cells release energy which is needed for their daily activities. It is mostly found in food substances and contain elements such as:
CarbonHydrogenOxygen.It maintains a ratio of 1 carbon atom to 2 hydrogen atoms to 1 oxygen atom and an example is glucose which has a chemical formula of C₆H₁₂O₆ which is in the ratio of 1:2:1
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Answer:
B. Carbohydrate
Explanation:
Compare and contrast the nutritional mode of a fungus with your own nutritional mode.
Answer:
-Fungi and humans are both heterotrophs.
-Most fungi digest their food externally by secreting enzymes into the food and then absorbing the small molecules that result from digestion.
-In contrast, humans digest internally, within our bodies.
Compare and contrast a pine cone and a flower in terms of structure and function.
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. However, they do have an area within the cell where their DNA is located. What do we call this area of a prokaryotic cell?
A: Nucleoid
B: Mitochandria
Answer: nucleoid
Explanation:
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY. Design a controlled experiment to test the hypothesis that water acidification caused by acidic rain would inhibit the growth of Elodea, a freshwater plant (see Figure 2.17).
To design an efficient controlled experiment, two Elodea plants are used, where one is flooded with acid rain and the other with freshwater, which is serving as the control.
What is a controlled experiment?A controlled experiment is the type of experiment that is used to check the effectiveness of a stated hypothesis by monitoring the change of some variables while others remain constant.
A typical example of a controlled experiment is testing of the hypothesis that water acidification caused by acidic rain would inhibit the growth of Elodea, a freshwater plant .
A water plant of Elodea (sample A) is kept under the sun with constant watering for 2 week while another plant of Elodea (sample B) is kept under the sun with constant watering of the plant with acid rain water.
After two weeks of careful observation, the leaves of the Elodea plant (sample A) undergoes some discoloration ( yellow and brown). While sample B remains normal.
This is because acid rain removes minerals and nutrients from the soil that the plant needs to grow.
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(c) On a moonlit night, would a dark brown mouse be more likely to escape predation by owls on dark-or light-colored soil? Explain your answer.
On a moonlit night, would a dark brown mouse be more likely to escape predation by owl because a dark brown mouse is less likely to visible to the eye of the owl.
Give an example of what predatory behavior is.Predation is an encounter between two organisms in which the stronger, or prey, organism is killed and eaten. An organic method of moving the energy fixed by plants to higher trophic levels is through predation. Snake devouring a frog and tiger hunting and eating a deer are two examples.
A dark brown mouse is is more likely to escape predation under a full moon on a dark colored soil most likely because it is less visible to the eye of the owl.
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Is it possible for completely opposite adaptations to be most advantageous in different situations/for different species? use the tortoise and the hare as an example (scientifically).
Yes it is possible for completely opposite adaptations to be most advantageous in different situations/for different species. The ability to run fast is advantageous for hare, as it will be able to run away from the danger. And the shell of the tortoise is advantageous as it can hide inside upon sensing unfavorable conditions.
Adaptations are the changes that an organism does upon itself to survive better in its surroundings. An adaptation is considered successful, if the organism is able to reproduce efficiently along with it.
Adaptations differ from one species to another and from one geographical area to another, even among the same species. Both plants and animals can undergo adaptations.
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Creates a barrier between the inside of the cell and the outside of the cell
Answer:
Cell wall
Explanation:
Can I have brainliest? It would help me out, if not thanks anyways! Hope this helped and have a nice day :)
Answer:
The barrier between the outside of the cell and the inside of the cell is called plasma membrane.
Explanation:
How did the structure of the yogurt bacteria and the cells of the onion membrane differ?
Answer:
Bacterias are the most primitive organisms known to us. They are the prokaryotic cells. They do not have organelles bounded with membranes as they do not have a complex body. They even lack membrane around the nucleus. Onion cell is a eukaryotic cell with well-defined membranes around the organelles.
Explanation:
When ATP binds, what prevents the filaments from sliding back into their original positions?
There are always cross-bridges of myosin associated with actin muscle fibers during contraction. Thus, retrograde slip of the actin filaments is prevented.
What is myosin cross-bridge?A special structure consisting of two spherical ends on each myosin molecule that interact in the presence of calcium ions with specific sites on a thin actin filament. The transverse bridges contain ATPase and create tension as the muscle fiber develops during muscle activity.
What is the myosin cross-bridge used for?Active muscles are produced by cross-bridges (i.e. projections of thick fibers attaching to thin fibers and exerting force on them). As the active muscle lengthens or shortens and the filaments slide past each other, the cross bridges repeatedly break and reattach in new positions.
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Suppose global air circulation suddenly reversed, with most air ascending at 30� north and south latitude and descending at the equator. At what latitude would you most likely find deserts in this scenario?
Deserts would be more likely to exist along the equator because dry air would drop there as opposed to at 30 degrees north and south latitude (where deserts already exist).
The idea of a biome organizes extensive ecological variation. Terrestrial biomes are defined chiefly by the type of plant that predominates in them, which is mostly influenced by temperature and precipitation. Around the world, deserts are often found in a range between 15 and 30 degrees N and S latitude. They occupy roughly 26-35% of the Earth's land area. Low precipitation, often below 250 mm yr-1, dominates the climate of deserts. Hot deserts, cold deserts, high elevation deserts, and rain shadow deserts are just a few of the many different types of deserts. As a result, the biodiversity, productivity, and organisms found in various types of deserts vary greatly.Learn more about the biomes with the help of the given link:
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which of the following best describes the location or function of the epithelial feature of desmosomes?
Main junctions for binding cells together is the best describes the location or function of the epithelial feature of desmosomes.
Intercellular connections between cardiac muscle and epithelia are known as desmosomes. Desmosomes are specialised for strong adhesion, and their failure can result in disorders of the skin and heart. They endure mechanical stress because they acquire a powerfully sticky condition that is said to be hyper-adhesive and separates them from other intercellular junctions.All three of the major embryonic layers give rise to epithelial tissue. The ectoderm gives rise to the epithelial tissue that makes up the cutaneous membranes. The majority of the mucous membranes' epithelial tissue comes from the endoderm. Mesoderm is the source of the epithelial tissue that coats the body's veins and openings.To learn more about epithelial.
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If you know NPP, what additional variable do you need to know to estimate NEP? Why might measuring this variable be difficult, for instance, in a sample of ocean water?
For estimation of NEP, a person will be required to measure the respiration of all organisms in a given ecosystem, not only the respiration of primary producers.
In regards to the sample of ocean water, the primary producers as well as other organisms are known to be mixed together, making their respective respirations very difficult to separate
What is a way that NPP can be measured?In regards to terrestrial systems, NPP is one that can be calculated by knowing or finding the annual carbon storage increase.
One need to make use of the biomass and carbon storage estimates from a given sample site to be able to calculate aboveground NPP.
Therefore, For estimation of NEP, a person will be required to measure the respiration of all organisms in a given ecosystem, not only the respiration of primary producers.
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