Transduction refers to the translation of one form of energy to another.
What is Transduction?Transduction is the method of converting a physical energy stimulus into an electrical signal that can be transmitted through the nervous system. It is the process of converting one form of energy into another, specifically, converting physical stimuli into an electrical signal that can be transported via the nervous system.
Transduction allows sensory neurons to detect energy, such as light or sound waves, and convert it into an electrical signal that is then transported to the central nervous system. This electrical signal can then be interpreted by the brain, allowing us to detect and perceive the world around us.
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If you begin with a 400 gram sample of Rubidium-87 and only 100 grams
remain…
How many half-lives have gone by?
How old is the sample?
Answer:
200 g
Half-life of rubidium-87 = 4.8 x 10¹⁰ years.
Explanation:
The half-life formula that is given by `N=N_o(1/2)^(t/t1/2)`Where, N = remaining mass N_o = initial mass`1/2` = decay constant`t` = time elapsed`t1/2` = half-life We know that Rubidium-87 has a half-life of 48.8 billion years.
Therefore, using the half-life formula, we can find the time elapsed or the number of half-lives that have gone by. Given, Initial mass `N_o` = 400 g Remaining mass `N` = 100 g Half-life `t1/2` = 48.8 billion years Now, using the formula, we have:100 = 400(1/2)^(t/48.8 billion) Simplifying the equation:1/4 = (1/2)^(t/48.8 billion)
Taking the logarithm of both sides:log(1/4) = log[(1/2)^(t/48.8 billion)]Using the logarithmic property: log(1/4) = (t/48.8 billion)log(1/2)log(1/4) = -2log(1/2)Therefore, we have:-2 = t/48.8 billion Multiplying both sides by 48.8 billion:48.8 billion x -2 = tt = -97.6 billion years Since time cannot be negative, it means there is an error somewhere.
Hence, the initial mass must have been 100 g. Using the same formula, we have:100 = 100(1/2)^(t/48.8 billion)Simplifying the equation:1 = (1/2)^(t/48.8 billion)Taking the logarithm of both sides: log(1) = log[(1/2)^(t/48.8 billion)]0 = t/48.8 billion
Multiplying both sides by 48.8 billion :t = 0Therefore, the number of half-lives that have gone by is 0 and the sample is 0 years old.
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Drug with similar effect to longmasterol?
No drugs mimic longmasterol's effects, but NSAIDs and chemotherapy drugs have similar effects on inflammation and cancer cells.
Longmasterol is a sterol compound that is found in plants and has been related with different medical advantages, including calming and hostile to disease impacts. There are no medications accessible that are explicitly intended to imitate the impacts of longmasterol. Notwithstanding, there are drugs that comparatively affect irritation and disease cells. For instance, non-steroidal calming drugs (NSAIDs, for example, headache medicine and ibuprofen can assist with diminishing irritation, while chemotherapy medications, for example, paclitaxel and doxorubicin are utilized to kill malignant growth cells. It is essential to take note of that the impacts of these medications can contrast fundamentally from the impacts of longmasterol, and their utilization ought to constantly be examined with a medical services supplier.
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You are investigating how salt affects the growth of mold
on food. Using slices of bread as the food, you create
experimental groups treated with 0 mg, 10 mg, or 50 mg of
salt. Each day you make observations and record whether
any of the groups are showing signs of mold growth.
What is the control group in this experiment?
OA. The food treated with 10 mg of salt
B. The food treated with 50 mg of salt
C. The food treated with 0 mg of salt
D. There is no control group
Fungi are a group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms similar to incentive and earth. There's no control group, it is option D.
Salt is a preservative. This will help the bread from getting moldy. interlaced bread no-way got as moldy as I imagined, but the reason was that the swab dried out the bread and did not save it.
A fungus is any member of a group of eukaryotic organisms, which includes microorganisms similar to provocations and molds and the more familiar fungi.
This is because swab kills numerous single-celled organisms, including earth spores, by dehydrating them. the swab is thus considered effective for the same reason that honey is considered an effective swab absorb humidity.
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which of the statements can be concluded from gregor mendel's experiments with pea plants? only one allele determines the phenotype in heterozygous individuals. alleles of different genes are inherited independently of each other. for a given trait, two heterozygous parents produce offspring with three possible phenotypes. the pair of alleles for each gene stay together during gamete production.
The conclusion that can be drawn from Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants is that alleles of different genes are inherited independently of each other. This is known as the law of independent assortment.
Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants derived three important laws of inheritance. These are:
1. The law of segregation: when two alleles are present in a genotype, they segregate into separate gametes, with each gamete receiving one allele.
2. The law of independent assortment: the inheritance of one gene does not affect the inheritance of another gene.
3. The law of dominance: One allele is dominant over the other and determines the phenotype of the organism. Only in the presence of two recessive alleles does the recessive trait manifest itself.
Mendel's experiments demonstrated that traits are inherited independently of each other and that the inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another trait. This led to the development of the law of independent assortment, which states that the inheritance of one gene does not affect the inheritance of another gene located on a different chromosome.
Therefore, the statement that can be concluded from Mendel's experiments is that alleles of different genes are inherited independently of each other, which is known as the law of independent assortment. The other statements are not accurate conclusions that can be drawn from Mendel's experiments.
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After completing steps 1 through 5 in your procedures, predict the number and locations of watersheds that will form in your watershed model.
For example:
Based on the positions of landscape features in my watershed model, I predict there will be ________ number of watersheds located at these locations in my model: __________________________________.
Based on the positions of landscape features in my watershed model, I predict there will be 3 number of watersheds located at these locations in my model:Close to the top, in the center,and to the right.
What does it mean to be in the watershed?A watershed is a piece of ground that directs water into a particular body of water. A watershed exists for every source of water. Rainfall and runoff are channelled into waterways and rivers by watersheds. Lakes, bays, and seas are among the bigger sources of water that these lesser ones run into.
For instance, the land region that drains into a lake's watershed would also include the streams that reach the lake as well as the streams' final destination, the lake. Large watersheds that include the watersheds of numerous lesser rivers and waterways are referred to as drainage basins.
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arrange the different phases in the correct order. write down only the correct letter and no phase can be repeated:based on meiosis.
The different phases in the correct order:
Correct order: A B C D E F G H I
What is meiosis?Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms to produce gametes (eggs and sperm). It involves two rounds of cell division, resulting in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis is important for maintaining the correct number of chromosomes in a species, as well as creating genetic diversity by mixing up the genetic information from the parents. It is a complex process that involves a series of phases including prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, and then prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic information through a process called recombination, and then separate during the first division. The second division separates the sister chromatids, resulting in four haploid cells that are genetically distinct from each other and from the parent cell.
Here,
A. Interphase
B. Prophase I
C. Metaphase I
D. Anaphase I
E. Telophase I
F. Prophase II
G. Metaphase II
H. Anaphase II
I. Telophase II
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2. Using the results of his experiments with pea plant
crosses, what did Gregor Mendel discover?
A) the principles of dominance, segregation, and
independent assortment
B) that pea plants develop mutations after expos
to radiation
C) intermediate inheritance and gene linkage
D) that DNA is involved in the inheritance of
dominant traits
ubati
Using the results of his experiments with pea plant crosses, Gregor Mendel discovered: A) the principles of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment.
What was the pea plant crosses experiment?In this famous experiment, Mendel cross- pollinated pea plants based on their different features to make important discoveries on how traits are inherited between the generations.
Mendel crossed the pure lines of pea plants. Dominant traits, like purple flower color, appeared in first-generation hybrids (F1), whereas recessive traits, like white flower color were masked. But recessive traits reappeared in second-generation (F2) pea plants in ratio of 3:1 (dominant to recessive).
The experiment allowed Mendel to conclude on two laws of Inheritance; that are Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment.
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Can nonsmokers hold their breath longer then people who smoke dependent variable
Because smokers' lungs are weak and likely not as robust as non-smokers' lungs, non-smokers can hold their breath for longer.
A nonsmoker is someone who has never smoked, yet who may have done so at some time in their lives. Those who have never smoked or who have smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime are also referred to as never-smokers.
A non-profit group in Canada called the Non-Smokers' Rights Association (NSRA) is committed to preventing tobacco use. It was established in Toronto by nurse Rosalee Berlin, and it immediately became a world authority on tobacco control problems, particularly cigarette sponsorship, tobacco advertising, and tobacco packaging.
The Smoking and Health Action Fund (SHAF), a registered charity in Canada, is its sibling non-profit organization.
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which of the following is not an adaption that nekton have developed to avoid becoming prey? group of answer choices the ability to mimic more poisonous or dangerous animals the ability to attach themselves firmly to the seabed the ability to camouflage themselve aginst the surrounding rocks/sediment the tendancy to move through the ocean in a school to avoid and confuse predators
One of the following adaptations is not developed by nekton to avoid becoming prey is the ability to attach themselves firmly to the seabed.
Nekton is the category of marine organisms that are capable of swimming and against the current without being displaced by it.
They are fish, whales, sharks, and rays that live and swim independently in the ocean. Nekton needs to be able to swim to prevent predators from catching and consuming them.
Adaptations that nekton have developed to avoid becoming prey include:
the ability to mimic more poisonous or dangerous animals,the ability to camouflage themselves against the surrounding rocks/sediment,the tendency to move through the ocean in a school to avoid and confuse predators,It's not necessary for nekton to have the ability to attach themselves firmly to the seabed to avoid becoming prey.
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I NEED HELP ASAP! please answer well and dont put random stuff
Answer:
Cell-Theory
Explanation:
Which of the following is an example of the bottleneck effect?
A
Bald eagles are hunted until near extinction, then the population recovers.
B
A small group of iguanas float to an island, and a new population is started.
C
Red fox pups are more likely to survive in a snowy environment if they are born white.
D
A farmer chooses seeds from the largest apples to plant next year, which results in larger apples from year to year.
Answer:
The correct answer is A.
The bottleneck effect refers to a reduction in population size, often caused by a random event such as a natural disaster or human activity, that leads to a loss of genetic diversity in the population. In this case, the population of bald eagles is reduced to near extinction, which would likely result in a significant loss of genetic diversity. If the population recovers, it may do so with reduced genetic variation, which can have negative consequences for the species in the long term.
B is an example of the founder effect, which occurs when a small group of individuals colonizes a new area and starts a new population. The genetic diversity of the new population may be influenced by the characteristics of the founding group.
C is an example of natural selection, where traits that confer an advantage in a particular environment are more likely to be passed on to future generations.
D is an example of artificial selection, where humans intentionally select certain traits to be passed on to future generations. This can result in changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time, but it is not an example of the bottleneck effect.
Blood flow through vessel a, 1 mm in diameter, occurs with a 10 kpa pressure gradient from one end to the other. Blood flow through vessel b, 2 mm in diameter, occurs with a 1 kpa pressure gradient from one end to the other. Other conditions are identical. Compared to vessel a, blood flow in vessel b is
The blood flow through vessel B is 1/10th of the blood flow through vessel A. Here option A is the correct answer.
The flow of blood through a vessel is determined by several factors, including the diameter of the vessel, the pressure gradient across the vessel, and the viscosity of the blood. According to Poiseuille's law, blood flow through a vessel is directly proportional to the fourth power of the vessel's radius and the pressure gradient and inversely proportional to the viscosity of the blood and the length of the vessel.
In this scenario, vessel A has a diameter of 1 mm, while vessel B has a diameter of 2 mm. The pressure gradient across vessel A is 10 kPa, while the pressure gradient across vessel B is 1 kPa. However, other conditions are identical, such as the length of the vessels and the viscosity of the blood.
Using Poiseuille's law, we can calculate the blood flow through each vessel. Let's assume that the blood flow through vessel A is Q_A and the blood flow through vessel B is Q_B.
[tex]Q_A = \frac{\pi r_A^4}{8\eta l} \cdot \Delta P_A = K \cdot 10\text{ kPa}[/tex]
[tex]Q_B = \frac{\pi r_B^4}{8\eta l} \cdot \Delta P_B = K \cdot 1\text{ kPa}[/tex]
where r_A and r_B are the radii of vessel A and vessel B, respectively, \eta is the viscosity of the blood, l is the length of the vessels, and \Delta P_A and \Delta P_B are the pressure gradients across the vessels.
The viscosity and length of the vessels are the same in both cases. Thus, we can simplify the equations to:
Q_A = K * 10 kPa
Q_B = K * 1 kPa
where K is a constant.
Complete question:
Blood flow through vessel A, 1 mm in diameter, occurs with a 10 kPa pressure gradient from one end to the other. Blood flow through vessel B, 2 mm in diameter, occurs with a 1 kPa pressure gradient from one end to the other. Other conditions are identical. Compared to vessel A, blood flow in vessel B is ____.
A. 1/10 as fast
B. 1.6 times faster
C. 16 times slower
D. 10 times faster
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How is a phenotype determined in living organisms?
With a pedigree
Inherited genes from the parents.
Genetic combination of alleles
Through genetic counseling
If individual II-3 (colored in square) has a child with a carrier woman, what is the percentage chance that the child will be a daughter with DMD?
In the pedigree chart, individuals colored in black circles or squares indicate that they are affected with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The chance of having a daughter with DMD would be 50% of 50% or 25%.
The disorder is X-linked recessive, which means that it is caused by a mutation on the X chromosome, and males are more likely to be affected than females because they only have one X chromosome. Females can be carriers of the disorder because they have two X chromosomes, with one carrying the mutant allele and the other carrying the normal allele.
In the given pedigree, individual II-3 is affected with DMD, and his partner is a carrier. Since the partner is a carrier, she would have one normal allele and one mutant allele on her X chromosome. When they have a child, there is a 50% chance that the child will inherit the mutant allele from the mother and a 50% chance that the child will inherit the normal allele.
Since the question specifically asks for the probability of having a daughter with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, we need to consider that females have two X chromosomes. If the child is a female, there is a 50% chance that she will inherit the mutant allele from the carrier mother and a 50% chance that she will inherit the normal allele from the father.
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how many chromosomes do plants have
Answer:
Plants have approximately 600 chromosomes.
Describe environmental variation in intertidal zones.
the intertidal zone is such an extermely variable environment because it environment experience very high change in elements of the environment it is also called littoral zone it also have rock and Sandy Beaches
can anyone help me i have to write a paper on this
Energy moves from one trophic level, or level of the food chain, to the next as primary producers are consumed by primary consumers, who are then eaten by secondary consumers, and so on.
What is a description of the food chain?An ecosystem's flow of nutrients and energy is modeled by a food chain. then it progresses to more advanced organisms, like herbivores. Following that, energy is transferred from one carnivore to the next when they eat the herbivores.
What does the term "chain" in the context of the food chain mean?When one organism consumes another, nutrients and energy are transferred along a food chain, which is a linear group of organisms. Each organism in a food chain is at a different trophic level, which is determined by how many energy transfers there are between it and the chain's primary energy source.
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Create a story to highlight how the circulatory and respiratory work interdependently
Which of the basic tools of a massage therapist is missing from the following scenario?
Deirdre is preparing for her next massage. The massage room has a massage table and heat lamps. Deirdre brings a
fresh sheet to drape her client.
music
Incense
massage lubricant
aromatic oils
The basic tools of a massage therapist is Massage lubricant.
What is Massage lubricant?
Massage lubricant, such as oil or lotion, is a basic tool for a massage therapist that is missing from the scenario described.
Massage lubricant is used to reduce friction between the therapist's hands and the client's skin, allowing for smoother and more comfortable manipulation of the muscles and tissues during the massage. Without the lubricant, the massage could be uncomfortable or even painful for the client and may cause irritation or injury to the therapist's hands.
Therefore, it is an essential tool for any massage therapist to have on hand during a massage session.
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Is this the right order of water cycle?
Precipitation, interception, runoff, collection, infiltration, percolation, discharge, evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration, condensation
ALSO IS EVAPORATION AND TRANSPIRATION SAME THING AS EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
Answer:
water cycle, also called hydrologic cycle, cycle that involves the continuous circulation of water in the Earth-atmosphere system. Of the many processes involved in the water cycle, the most important are evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff. Although the total amount of water within the cycle remains essentially constant, its distribution among the various processes is continually changing.
Complete the table to summarize the processes described in this chapter.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13
Answer:vvvvvvvvvvvvvbhbvvbvbv
Explanation:
bhygn vfvnn
name the part of the blood in which most carbondioxide is transported.
(if u explain the answer, i'd be so glad)
Answer:
Bicarbonate system
Explanation:
can be transported through the blood via three methods. It is dissolved directly in the blood, bound to plasma proteins or hemoglobin, or converted into bicarbonate. The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as part of the bicarbonate system. Carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells.
In one paragraph, explain how matter such as water, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide cycles in an ecosystem.
Energy changes forms as it moves through an ecosystem, but no new energy is produced. As a result, energy and matter are preserved throughout all ecosystem processes.
How do the ecosystem cycles water carbon and nitrogen impact life within the ecosystem?The three main cycles of an ecosystem are the water cycle, the carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle. When these three cycles are in harmony, they remove waste from the ecosystem and replenish it with the nutrients it needs to support life.
What is an ecosystem's cycle of matter?As these organisms live and die, matter circulates between the air and soil, as well as among plants, animals, and microbes. In addition to absorbing gases and water from the environment, organisms also emit waste materials back into it.
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2✓
Next O Unit 7 Quiz
12
Submit Test
O A.
О в.
O C.
O D.
Tools
Although they are all zoonotic diseases, which statement BEST describes the difference between ringworm and others such as plague or SARS?
Ringworm cannot be transmitted to humans, whereas most others can.
Ringworm is not life-threatening, whereas most others are.
Ringworm comes from exposure to rats, whereas plague and SARS come from fleas.
Ringworm is only found in hot, dry climates, whereas plague and SARS flourish anywhere.
I
The BEST statement describing the difference between ringworm and other zoonotic diseases such as plague or SARS is:
Ringworm is not life-threatening, whereas most others are.
Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin, hair, or nails that can be transmitted from animals to humans. While it can be uncomfortable and unsightly, it is not generally a serious or life-threatening condition. On the other hand, diseases like plague and SARS are highly contagious and can be deadly if left untreated.
Plague is caused by a bacterium that is typically spread by fleas from infected rodents, while SARS is caused by a virus that can be transmitted from animals to humans, with bats and civet cats being the suspected reservoirs. Both diseases can cause severe respiratory symptoms and can be fatal in some cases.
According to the Law of Superposition, in undisturbed, horizontal, sedimentary rock layers, the oldest layer is at the bottom. Each higher layer is younger than the rocks below it. Why is it important that the rock layers be undisturbed?
A. If the rock layers are disturbed, sedimentary rock will turn into an intrusion
B. If the rock layers are disturbed, the absolute age of the rocks will change
C. If the rock layers are disturbed, certain layers may be missing or relocated
D. If the rock layers are disturbed, the Law of Superposition is proven wrong
Please explain why you chose this answer
Which characteristic would communicate that the organism is a eukaryote?
the organism has a structure for movement/mobility
the organism can convert solar energy into chemical energy
the organism has membrane-bound organeles like mitochondria or chloroplasts
the organism contains DNA
the presence of membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria or chloroplasts would communicate that the organism is a eukaryote. Here option A is the correct answer.
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a distinct nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane and other membrane-bound organelles that carry out specific functions.
In contrast, prokaryotic cells do not have a distinct nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Instead, their DNA is contained within a single, circular chromosome that is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
Option A - the presence of a structure for movement/mobility - is not a characteristic unique to eukaryotes. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells can have structures like flagella or cilia for movement. Option B - the ability to convert solar energy into chemical energy - is a characteristic of photosynthetic organisms, which can be both eukaryotic and prokaryotic.
Complete question:
Which characteristic would communicate that the organism is a eukaryote?
A - the organism has a structure for movement/mobility
B - the organism can convert solar energy into chemical energy
C - the organism has membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria or chloroplasts
D - the organism contains DNA
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During the summer of 1988, fires burned sections of the Everglades, leaving a patchwork of burned and unburned areas. In the year following the fires, wildflowers sprouted in all the burned areas, closely followed in subsequent years by seedlings of the trees that normally grow in the area. What changes in the ecosystem will take place during secondary succession
The changes that will take place in ecosystem during the course of succession is the flowers will eventually be shaded out by the trees and will not be able to grow. Option B.
An ecosystem is a structural and functional unit of ecology in which living species interact with one another and with their surroundings. An ecosystem, in other terms, is a series of interactions between creatures and their surroundings. A.G. Tansley, an English botanist, created the word "ecosystem" in 1935.
The Yellowstone fires of 1988 were the biggest wildfire in the history of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. Due to dry conditions and increased winds, the flames swiftly expanded out of control, uniting into numerous enormous conflagrations that lasted for several months. The flames almost damaged two main visitor locations, and the park was closed to all non-emergency workers for the first time in its history on September 8, 1988.
Only the coming of cold, damp weather in late fall put a stop to the flames. With various levels of intensity, 793,880 acres (3,213 km2), or 36% of the park, burnt.
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Complete question:
During the summer of 1988, fires burned much of Yellowstone National Park, leaving a patchwork of burned and unburned areas. In the year following the fires, wildflowers sprouted in all the burned areas, closely followed in subsequent years by seedlings of the trees that normally grow in the area, such as aspens and lodgepole pines. What changes in the ecosystem will take place during the course of succession?
answer choices
A. The flowers will shade out the small trees creating a permanent meadow.
B. The flowers will eventually be shaded out by the trees and will not be able to grow.
C. The trees will not grow well because of the toxic chemicals produced by the flowers.
D. The trees will take the nutrients that the flowers need, and the flowers will be stunted
How does glass act like a one-way valve for a conventional greenhouse? does the atmosphere similarly act as a one-way valve?
Glass lets in high-frequency visible-light radiant energy while blocking low-frequency infrared re-radiated energy. Similarly, the atmosphere acts as a one-way valve for greenhouse.
Greenhouse-based resistance tests might be an appealing alternative to costly, time-consuming field trials and laboratory assays, which often do not examine complete plants. They can discover potentially resistant plants, which can subsequently be subjected to more rigorous field testing in later studies.
The ability to manage the climate to optimise disease pressure while limiting the impact of confusing biotic and abiotic variables is a significant benefit of greenhouse screening. Greenhouse experiments provide for control over the pathogen's timing, dosage, and pathogenicity. Stewart and Bradshaw (1993) controlled humidity, inoculum dosage, and plant age during inoculation to improve the greenhouse environment for early-blight resistance screening.
Unlike conventional or high-tech greenhouses, no specific control device is provided for regulating environmental parameters within the greenhouse. However, simple techniques are used to increase or decrease the temperature and humidity.
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Identical twins are produced when a fertilised egg cell divides in two. Explain why identical twins share many, but not all, of their characteristics????
Answer:
Because Some identical twins are not both Male and male /Female and Male
What are the two types of quantities scientists consider when examining something?
Observational and hypothetical
Modernism and postmodernism
Scientific and philosophic
Scalar and vector
in the collection of data in an experiment using the scientific method, there are two sorts of observations, qualitative and quantitative.
What are the differences between the qualitative and quantitative categories of observations?Observations that describe something's "qualities" are referred to as qualitative observations. They wouldn't involve counting or measuring and would instead contain qualities like texture, colour, and shape. Using standard scales to count or measure is a need for quantitative observations.
Which two kinds of observation are used in qualitative research?In each case, the subject is aware that they are being watched (do not know they are being watched). The researcher participates in the context or culture being studied.
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