Atomic mass is the sum of the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom, while atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
The difference between atomic mass and atomic numberThese two values are related, but they measure different properties.Atomic mass is the total mass of an atom, including the protons and neutrons, while the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.This number is also used to identify elements, since each element has a unique atomic number.Therefore, the difference between atomic mass and atomic number is that atomic mass is the sum of the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom, while atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.The correct electron configuration for nitrogen (N) can be represented by a group of five short lines. The first line has an up and a down arrow above it and is labeled 1 s below.This indicates that the first electron is in the 1s orbital. The second line has an up and a down arrow and is labeled 2 s; this indicates that the second electron is in the 2s orbital.The third, fourth, and fifth lines each have an up arrow and are bracketed with the label 2 p; this indicates that the third, fourth, and fifth electrons are in the 2p orbital.This arrangement of electrons in the appropriate orbitals gives nitrogen its unique chemical properties, which makes it an essential component of all living organisms.To learn more about The difference between atomic mass and atomic number refer to:
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Answer:
The answer is B
Explanation:
That's what the person above said.
Question 1: How many molecules are there in 67g of CO2?
Question2: What is the mass of 3.01 x 1023 atoms of FeO? Round to two decimal places.
Question3: If a sample contained 9.65 x 1023 atoms of iodine, how many grams would this be? Round to one decimal point.
1. The number of molecules in 67g of CO2 can be calculated using the molar mass of CO2, which is 44.01 g/mol. To find the number of molecules, we divide the mass of CO2 (67g) by the molar mass of CO2 (44.01 g/mol). This gives us: 67g / 44.01 g/mol = 1.52 x 10^23 molecules of CO2.
2. The mass of 3.01 x 10^23 atoms of FeO can be calculated using the molar mass of FeO, which is 71.847 g/mol. To find the mass, we multiply the number of atoms (3.01 x 10^23) by the molar mass of FeO (71.847 g/mol). This gives us: 3.01 x 10^23 atoms * 71.847 g/mol = 217.31 g
3. To calculate the mass of 9.65 x 10^23 atoms of iodine, we can use the molar mass of iodine, which is 126.904 g/mol. To find the mass, we multiply the number of atoms (9.65 x 10^23) by the molar mass of iodine (126.904 g/mol). This gives us: 9.65 x 10^23 atoms * 126.904 g/mol = 1218.56 g rounded to one decimal point.
How many moles of hydrogen are produced if reacted with 0.605 moles of sodium in this reaction?
2Na + 2 H2O → 2 NaOH + H2
The number of moles of hydrogen produced if reacted with 0.605 moles of sodium in the reaction is 0.3025 moles.
How to calculate number of moles?Stoichiometry is the study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations).
According to this question, sodium reacts with water to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas as follows:
2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂
Based on the reaction above, 1 moles of hydrogen is produced by the reaction of 2 moles of sodium.
Hence, 0.605 moles of sodium will react to produce 0.3025 moles of hydrogen.
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An aqueous solution of hydrogen
peroxide, H₂O₂, decomposes to
form water and oxygen gas. Write
a balanced symbol equation,
including state symbols, for this
reaction.
When hydrogen peroxide
decomposes, what mass of
hydrogen peroxide is needed
in solution to produce 1.6g of
Oxygen gas?
According to the equation, hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution breaks down upon heat to produce oxygen: 2H2O2(aq)→2H2O(l)+O2(g).
To make 1.6g of oxygen gas, 34g of hydrogen peroxide must be in solution.
equation:
2H2O2 —————— O2 to 2H2O mole ratio is 2: 2: 1 RMM of O2 - (16*2) = 32 RFM of H2O2 - (1*2) + (16*2) = 34
1 Mole of O2 in 32 g? 1.6 g 1.6/32 = 0.5 moles
0.5*2 = 1 MOLE OF H2O2 and 34*34 = 34 g.
A hydrogen's position.It is mainly present in Jupiter, and is present in the sun and the majority of stars. Water is where hydrogen is found most frequently on Earth. It only occurs as a gas in the atmosphere at trace concentrations, less than 1 part per minute by volume.
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a 140.0 g sample of water at 20.0 °c is mixed with 100.0 g of a certain metal at 95.0 °c. after thermal equilibrium was established, the temperature of the mixture is 24.6 °c. what is the specific heat capacity of the metal?
Specific heat capacity of the metal by the given values is 5.389 J/ g°C
Mass of water = 140.0 g
Initial temperature of water = 20.0°C
Mass of a certain metal = 100.0 g
Initial temperature of metal = 100.0°C
Final temperature of water and metal = 95.0°C
Since the metal is at a higher initial temperature it will lose heat and the water having a lower initial temperature will gain heat.
Thus, heat lost by metal = Heat gained by water
formula: (mass metal )(initialT - finalT)( Cp metal ) = ( mass water )(finalT- initalT)( Cp water)
After plugging in the given data we get,
(100.0 g )(100.0 °C -95.0°C)( Cp metal) = (140.0g )(24.6°C-20.0°C) (4.184 J/g°C)
(100.0g )(5.0C)( Cp metal )=(140.0g )(4.6°C)(4.184 J/g°C)
(500 g°C) (Cp metal) = 2694.5 J
(Cp metal) =5.389 J/ g°C
Thus, specific heat capacity(Cp) of metal = 5.389 J/ g°C
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Suppose that you run a reaction in ethanol to form a very non-polar organic substance. How would you extract your product?
Select one:
a- After the reaction is complete, add water and ethanol to a separatory funnel and separate the layers.
b- After the reaction is complete, rotovap the ethanol and redissolve in suitable organic solvent and water followed by separation.
c- After the reaction is complete, add suitable organic solvent and water followed by separation.
d- There is more than one correct answer.
b- After the reaction is complete, rotovap the ethanol and redissolve in suitable organic solvent and water followed by separation . This is the correct option.
If the desired product is a non-polar organic substance and it is formed in a reaction run in ethanol, one way to extract the product would be to use liquid-liquid extraction method. The basic idea of this method is to use a solvent that is immiscible (i.e., does not mix well) with both the reaction mixture and the desired product.
Here are the general steps for a liquid-liquid extraction:
• Separate the reaction mixture into two layers, the aqueous layer and the organic layer, by using a separating funnel.
• Remove the aqueous layer and discard it.
• Take the organic layer, containing the desired product and ethanol and add a non-polar solvent, such as pentane, hexane, or diethyl ether to the organic layer.
• Shake the mixture vigorously to allow for the transfer of the desired product from the ethanol to the non-polar solvent.
• Separate the two layers by using a separating funnel.
• Remove the upper non-polar solvent layer, which should contain the desired product
• Dry the non-polar solvent layer if necessary, and evaporate the solvent if desired to isolate the pure product.
Note that the choice of the solvent and the specific steps may vary depending on the nature of the product and the reaction mixture.
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What is the formula for this ionic crystal ?
Answer:
ZnS
Explanation:
Because there are two tetrahedral holes per anion (sulfide ion) and one-half of these holes are occupied by zinc ions, there must be 1 2 1 2 × 2, or 1, zinc ion per sulfide ion. Thus, the formula is ZnS. Check Your Learning
PARTICULATES in the air, including ---(1)---, from DIESEL
ENGINES and DUST causes ---(2)--- problems in humans
PARTICULATES in the air, including particulate matter, from DIESEL
ENGINES and DUST cause respiratory and cardiovascular health problems in humans
What is particulate matter(PM)?This refers to solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. PM can be gotten from many places. In general, any type of burning or dust-generating activities are sources of PM. Some examples are Emissions (from vehicles and industrial plant smokestacks) etc.
We have two categories of particulate matter: primary and secondary particulate matter.
Primary particulate matter is emitted directly from:
construction sites wildfires wood burning gravel pitsagricultural activities dusty roads.Secondary particulate matter is formed in the atmosphere as a result of complex chemical reactions.
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for which principle of relative age is the grand canyon a clear example?
Answer: 1,840 million years old.
Explanation:
How many mL of butane would you
add to hexane to make 750 mL of a
25.0% by volume butane solution?
Considering the definition of volume percentage, 187.5 mL of butane you would add to hexane to make 750 mL of a 25.0% by volume butane solution
Volume percentageVolume Percentage is defined as the ratio of the volume of the component to the volume of the solution, expressed as a percentage. That is, it refers to the volume of solute per 100 volume units of the solution.
The volume percentage of a solution is determined by the following expression:
Volume Percentage= (volume of solute÷ volume of solution) ×100%
Volume of butaneIn this case, you know:
volume percentage= 25 %volume of solute= ?volume of solution= 750 mLReplacing in the definition of volume percentage:
25%= (volume of solute÷ 750 mL) ×100%
Solving:
25%÷ 100%= volume of solute÷ 750 mL
0.25= volume of solute÷ 750 mL
0.25× 750 mL= volume of solute
187.5 mL= volume of solute
Finally, the volume of butane in the solution is 187.5 mL.
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which gas is not an example of a naturally occurring greenhouse gas?
nitrogen and chloro fluro carbon gas is not an example of a naturally occurring greenhouse gas
Water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone are examples of naturally occurring greenhouse gases. Hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) are examples of artificial greenhouse gases that are produced via a number of industrial operations. Carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and water vapour are some examples of greenhouse gases. The gas that is not a greenhouse gas is therefore nitrogen. The different greenhouse gases include nitrous oxide, water vapour, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons, methane, and chlorofluorocarbons. Infrared light cannot pass through oxygen or nitrogen, hence they are not considered greenhouse gases. These molecules are invisible because stretching one of them has no effect on the electric field. These symmetric molecules are composed of two identical atoms whose electric fields simply cancel one another out.
which gas is not an example of a naturally occurring greenhouse gas?
1. nitrogen
2.cholrofluoro carbons
3. oxygen
4. carbondioxide
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The steps done and develops human skills or builds structures to reduce risk you are doing
The steps done and develops human skills or builds structures to reduce risk you are doing is a. capacity building.
The capacity building is the process of the developing the skill or the strengthening the skills. There are the four steps in the capacity building.
1) Needs the assessment
2) Design
3) Implementation
4) Monitoring
These are process to reduce the risk of what you are doing. The capacity building includes the leadership developments. The capacity budling consist of the training and the mentorships.
Thus the capacity budling is The steps done and develops human skills or builds structures to reduce risk you are doing
This question is incomplete, the complete question is :
The step done and develops human skills or builds structures to reduce risks you are doing.
a. capacity building
b. training
c. facility constructing
d. skills honing
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Which atom gives up its electrons most easily?
what type of intermolecular force forms during the solvation process when a polar molecule like of2 dissolves in water?
Interactions between ions and dipoles. Ion-Dipole Forces were engaged for solutions in which an ionic chemical is immersed in a polar solvent, for example a table salt (NaCl) water solution.
Ion-dipole intermolecular forces seem to be electrostatic reactions between such a polar molecule as well as an ion that are frequently caused by the dissolution of ionic compounds within polar substances. The attraction here between the negative ends of one polar molecule as well as the positive ends of another polar molecule is known as dipole-dipole forces.
In polar solvents, polar molecules were also soluble (Predominant intermolecular force will be a dipole-dipole attraction between polar solute molecule as well as polar solvent molecule).
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a smartfood package indicates that one 17.7 g serving contains 51% carbohydrates. which conversion factor best represents this information?
The conversion factor that best represents the information provided in the smartfood package is grams of carbohydrates per gram of serving.
The package states that one 17.7 gram serving contains 51% carbohydrates, which can be converted to grams by multiplying the percentage by the total weight of the serving. So, 51% of 17.7 grams is approximately 9.09 grams of carbohydrates per serving. To express this as a conversion factor, it would be written as 9.09 grams of carbohydrates per gram of serving. This conversion factor can be used to convert the number of grams of carbohydrates in other serving sizes of the same food.
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CARBOHYDRATES WORKSHOP
Cx(H2O)y is the general formula for carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are the carbon hydrate in its natural form.
Which of the three carbohydrate structures are they?Three subtypes of carbohydrates—monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides—are recognized in the literature.Cx(H2O)y is the general formula for carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are the carbon hydrate in its natural form. In the same ratio as water, they are composed of hydrogen and oxygen. It should be noted that not all carbohydrates follow the rule Cx(H2O)y. For instance, 2-deoxyribose C5H10O4 does not follow the rule.The four main categories of carbohydrates are monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, depending on the degree of polymerization.Only molecules of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen make up the organic compounds known as carbohydrates.To learn more about carbohydrates refer to:
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What is the original concentration of a Sulfuric Acid Solution with a pOH of 12. 43??
The original concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 0.0044
To find the original concentration of a sulfuric acid solution with a pOH of 12.43, you would need to use the relationship between the acidity of a solution and its pH. The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration (pH = -log[H+]). The pOH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration (pOH = -log[OH-]). Since the pH and pOH of a solution are related by the equation:
pH + pOH = 14
Given the pOH of 12.43, then you can calculate the pH as :
pH = 14 - pOH
pH = 14 - 12.43 = 1.57
The original concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 10^(-pH)
[H+] = 10^(-1.57) = 0.0044.
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In a compound, which type of bond is the sharing of electrons between adjacent atoms?
Covalent bonds are what occur when nearby atoms share electrons inside a molecule. Atoms share electrons in a covalent connection in order to reach their highest energy level.
Covalent bonds are also referred to as the valence shell because they have the right amount of electrons for a stable noble gas arrangement. Atoms can attain a more stable electron configuration and create a chemical bond because to this sharing of electrons.
The strength of the bond and the characteristics of the compound are determined by the amount of electrons shared, which is dependent on the number of electrons required to fill the valence shells of the atoms involved.
However, certain metal atoms may also create covalent bonds with non-metal atoms. Covalent bonds are commonly formed between non-metal elements. It is significant to remember that there are other types of bonds besides covalent ones, including ionic and metallic bonds.
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an aqueous sodium acetate, nac2h3o2 , solution is made by dissolving 0.195 mol nac2h3o2 in 0.750 kg of water. calculate the molality of the solution.
The molality of solution is 0.26 mol/kg
Molality is defined as "The ratio of the number of moles of solute present in a solution to the mass of the solvent in kilograms".
The unit that is used to represent molality is mol/kg.
The formula used to calculate molality is given below:
Molality = moles of solute/ mass of solvent in kg-----> (i)
Here,
Given values:
Moles of NaC₂H₃O₂ (solute) = 0.195mol
Mass of solvent (water) = 0.750 kg
Putting these values in equation (i), we get-
Molality
= 0.195 mol/0.750 kg
=0.26 mol/kg
Hence, the molality of solution is 0. 26 mol/kg
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The density of ether is 0.714 g/mL. What is the mass of 1.45 L of ether?
The mass of 1.45 L of ether is
4.9 x 10^-7 kg
It is given that
density of ether = 0.714 g/mL
volume of ether = 1.45 L = 1450 ml
We have to find mass of 1.45 L of ether
Density is the measurement of how tightly a material is packed together. It is defined as the mass per unit volume. Density Symbol, D or ρ Density Formula ρ = m/V, where ρ is the density, m is the mass of the object and V is the volume of the object.
Density = Mass/Volume
0.714 g/mL = Mass/1450 ml
Mass = 0.00049 gram
Mass = 4.9 x 10^-7 kg
Hence, mass of 1.45 L of ether is
4.9 x 10^-7 kg
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"A daisy is a non-flowering, seed-bearing plant, while a pine tree produces flowers. Both the daisy and the pine tree go through the four major stages of the life cycle, which includes the seed stage, sprouting stage, seedling stage, and the final stage, which is the adult stage. During each stage of the life cycle, the two plants have different shapes and textures. As adult plants, the daisy produces seeds in the cone, and the pine tree produces seeds in the flower."
What statement corrects the errors in Zander's passage? a .A daisy is a flowering plant, and a pine tree is a non-flowering, cone-bearing plant. During the adult stage, the daisy produces seeds in the flower and the pine tree produces seeds in the cone. b.As adult plants, the daisy sprouts seedlings, which are then reproduced. During the adult stage, the pine tree grows spores, which are reproduced. che daisy and the pine tree have different stages in their life cycles. The daisy completes the seedling stage before the sprouting stage. The pine tree has a fertilization stage when seeds are produced. d. The daisy and the pine tree both have the same life cycles, but the daisy produces seeds in the seedling stage, and the pine tree produces seeds in the sprouting stage
A daisy is a flowering plant, and a pine tree is a non-flowering, cone-bearing plant. During the adult stage, the daisy produces seeds in the flower and the pine tree produces seeds in the cone. So, the correct option is (A).
What are Cones in plants?Cones are also called strobilus. It is oval in shape, containing the reproductive organs of some non-flowering plants. Cones have unique feature of pines and other conifers, also found on all gymnosperms, some club mosses and horsetails.
Male cones produce pollen that is carried by the wind to female cones, after which the female gametes are fertilized by male gametes from the pollen, the female cones produce seeds, which are then scattered away from the plant by wind or animals.
Thus, a daisy is a flowering plant, and a pine tree is a non-flowering, cone-bearing plant. During the adult stage, the daisy produces seeds in the flower and the pine tree produces seeds in the cone. So, the correct option is (A).
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___Ca2+ + ___O2 ---> Cr2O3
Answer:
Balancing chemical equations is my priority!! :-)
[tex]Ca_{2}[/tex] + [tex]O_{2}[/tex] = [tex]Ca_{2} O_{3}[/tex]
On both sides Calcium (Ca) is balanced ( 2 and 2 )
Then Oxygen (O) is 2 on the reactant side and 3 on the product side.
Divide the subscripts (product subscript/reactant subscript) to give 1.5 (3/2)
Because you can't put 1.5 in an equation you multiply everything by 2.
Then it comes [tex]2Ca_{2}[/tex] + [tex]3O_{2}[/tex] = [tex]2Ca_{2} O_{3}[/tex]
Have a wonderful day! :-)
A Maillard Reaction occurs when proteins and sugars break down and rearrange themselves into ring-like structures that reflect light. What does this do for foods like cookies, turkeys, and burgers?
The Maillard reaction creates brown pigments in cooked meat in a very specific way: by rearranging amino acids and certain simple sugars, which then arrange themselves in rings and collections of rings that reflect light in such a way as to give the meat a brown color.
The advanced Maillard reaction involves breaking down the Amadori product into a variety of fission products that are composed of the sugar-amino complex. In the ultimate Maillard reaction, amino compounds and sugar fragments condense to form polymerized proteins and brown pigments called melanoidins. In the Maillard reaction, an organic chemical process, reducing sugars and amino acids combine to create a complex brew of chemicals. The distinct flavour and aroma of browned food are the result of this process. The French chemist Louis Camille Maillard's name is associated with the Maillard reaction.
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what volume did the methane gas occupy in the erlenmeyer flask before the syringe was attached to the flask?
When the gas syringe gets inserted into and attached to the Erlenmeyer flask which contains the methane gas, the gas expands and enters the gas syringe.
Charles law states that the volume which is occupied by an ideal gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature at constant pressure conditions. It also sometimes known as the law of volumes as it also describes how gases are able to expand with increase in temperature.
When a syringe is inserted into the Erlenmeyer flask which contains the methane gas, some of that gas in the flask expands and enters into the syringe.
--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"What happens after the gas syringe is inserted into the Erlenmeyer flask containing the methane gas?"--
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At stp, one mole of oxygen gas (o2) and one mole of neon (ne) contain:_____.
At stp one mole of oxygen gas and one mole of neon atom both have
6* [tex]10^2^3[/tex] molcules which is avagardo number of molecules.
what is STP?STP stands for "Standard Temperature and Pressure." In chemistry, it is commonly used as a reference point to describe the properties of gases. STP is defined as a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 K) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere (101.325 kPa). At these conditions, the volume of one mole of any gas is 24.45 L.
So one mole of all gas have avagadro number of molecules in it.
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1.
Part II: True Statements
Directions: Circle the word in parentheses that makes each statement true.
New substances are formed during a (physical, chemical) change.
Many physical and chemical changes are affected by (light, temperature).
3.
A (physical, chemical) change is one where no new substances are formed.
2.
Independent Practice
4.
5.P 9.1 Chemical and Physical Changes
The mass of a melted candle (will, will not) change, but the mass of a burned
candle (will, will not) change.
The mass of a melted candle will not change after it has been melted.
The mass of a melted candleThis is an example of a physical change, where the form of the candle has changed but it is still made up of the same elements and compounds.On the other hand, the mass of a burned candle will change, as the candle is no longer made of the same elements and compounds.This is an example of a chemical change, where new substances are formed from the original elements and compounds.Both physical and chemical changes can be affected by light and temperature.For example, when a candle is exposed to heat and light, the temperature of the candle increases and the candle will begin to melt.This is a physical change that is affected by light and temperature.Similarly, when a candle is exposed to heat and light, the temperature of the candle increases and the candle will begin to burn.This is a chemical change that is affected by light and temperature, as the burning of the candle creates new substances such as smoke and ash.To learn more about The mass of a melted candle refer to:
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Balance C2H4 + O2 = CO2 + H2O using the algebraic method.
Answer: C₂H₄ + 3O₂ --> 2 CO₂ + H₂O is the balanced equation
Explanation:
First, the Carbon atoms are balanced. After balancing the equation becomes:
C₂H₄ + O₂ --> 2 CO₂ + H₂O
Then the Hydrogen atoms are balanced. After balancing the equation becomes:
C₂H₄ + O₂ --> 2 CO₂ + 2H₂O
Finally, Oxygen atoms are balanced. After balancing the equation becomes:
C₂H₄ + 3O₂ --> 2 CO₂ + H₂O
Thus, the balanced equation is C₂H₄ + 3O₂ --> 2 CO₂ + H₂O
I hope this helps! :)
if 13.90 ml of 0.695 m koh is required to titrate the unknown acid to the equivalence point, what is the concentration of the unknown acid?
The concentration of the unknown acid is calculated to be 9.6605/ volume of the unknown acid
The following formula can be used to calculate the concentration of the unknown acid;
as we know moles is concentration multiply by volume
so,
C₁V₁ = n₁
C₂V₂ = n₂
Where C is concentration v is volume and n is moles. C₁V₁ is unknown acid and C₂V₂ is KOH
At the equivalence point;
n₁ =n₂
Therefore;
C₁V₁ = C₂V₁
Assuming that the volume of KOH is 13.90 ml and that (concentration of the unknown acid) = 0.695 M
Therefore, C₁ or concentration of unknown acid can be calculated as follows;
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
C₁ = C₂V₂ / V₁
C₁ = 0.695 x 13.90 / V₁
Ca = 9.6605 / V₁
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Help me out please :)
Answer:
The strength of the forces holding the particles of a substance together determines its physical state at a given temperature. The stronger the forces the more energy required to overcome them and hence the particles remain in a fixed position and the substance is solid, while weaker forces may allow the particles to move freely making the substance a gas.
Explanation:
In the case of carbon dioxide (CO2), the particles are held together by weak van der Waals forces. These forces are not strong enough to keep the particles in a fixed position, so they are able to move freely and take on the properties of a gas at room temperature.
In the case of water (H2O), the particles are held together by hydrogen bonds. These bonds are stronger than the van der Waals forces in CO2, so the particles are not able to move as freely. As a result, water takes on the properties of a liquid at room temperature.
Salt (NaCl) is made up of positively charged sodium ions (Na+) and negatively charged chloride ions (Cl-). These ions are held together by strong ionic bonds, which keep the particles in a fixed position. As a result, salt takes on the properties of a solid at room temperature.
11 B
5
Mass =
Protons =
Neutrons =
Element =
Estimate the minimum detectable concentration of H2O2 if a small amount of catalase (solid) is added to a hydrogen peroxide solution in a calorimeter. Assume that a temperature rise of 2 0. 02oC can be distinguised. You can use a heat capacity of 4. 184 kJ/kg/K for the hydrogen peroxide solution
To estimate the minimum detectable concentration of H2O2, we need to determine the amount of heat released during the reaction between catalase and hydrogen peroxide and compare it with the minimum detectable temperature rise. The reaction between catalase and hydrogen peroxide can be represented as follows:
2H2O2 (aq) + Catalase --> 2H2O (l) + O2 (g)
The amount of heat released during the reaction can be calculated using the equation:
ΔH = - n * ΔH°
Where n is the number of moles of H2O2 and ΔH° is the standard enthalpy of reaction for the reaction between catalase and hydrogen peroxide. The standard enthalpy of reaction can be estimated from the standard enthalpies of formation of the reactants and products.
Since the heat released by the reaction is proportional to the number of moles of H2O2, we can calculate the minimum detectable concentration of H2O2 by dividing the minimum detectable heat release by the heat capacity of the hydrogen peroxide solution and the ΔH°.
Assuming a heat capacity of 4.184 kJ/kg/K for the hydrogen peroxide solution and a temperature rise of 0.02oC, the minimum detectable heat release can be calculated as follows:
ΔQ = mcΔT
Where m is the mass of the hydrogen peroxide solution and c is the heat capacity.
Let's assume the mass of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 100 g. Then, the minimum detectable heat release can be calculated as follows:
ΔQ = (100 g) * (4.184 kJ/kg/K) * (0.02 K) = 0.83 kJ
The minimum detectable concentration of H2O2 can then be calculated as follows:
n = ΔQ / ΔH°
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