We can represent atoms by listing the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons-for example, 2p⁺, 2n⁰, 2e⁻ for helium. Which of the following represents the ¹⁸O isotope of oxygen? a. 7p⁺, 2n⁰, 9 e⁻ b. 8p⁺, 10n⁰, 8 e⁻ c. 9p⁺, 9n⁰, 9 e⁻ d. 10p⁺, 8 n⁰, 9 e⁻

Acetylcholine is a signaling molecule used as a neurotransmitter that elicits responses from heart cells, muscle cells, salivary gland cells, and skeletal muscle cells . True statement.

Neurotransmitter is a chemical that is used to transmit the nerve impulse from one cell to another. They diffuse from the membrane of the pre-synaptic cell into the synapses and binds with the receptors of the post-synaptic cell to generate an action potential in that cell.

There are different compounds that can be used as a neurotransmitter in the body like acetylcholine, dopamine,  histamine, serotonin, etc.

Acetylcholine is a organic compound which is derived from ester of acetic acid and choline. it is used as a neurotransmitter in our body.

It is used as a neurotransmitter in the synapses of heart cells, muscle cells, salivary glands and skeletal muscles in our body.

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Amino acids contain three functional groups: a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a radical group.

Amino acids are organic molecules that will form the structural pillars to form proteins. These are going to be made up of a structure having in common all of them a carboxyl group, an amino group and a radical group that is in which they are going to differentiate to have their own property.

Animoacids not only have the structure to form proteins but can also be messengers for certain nervous reactions or also for the biosynthesis of porphyrins, purines, pyrimidines and urea.

Thanks to the R group and the difference of each amino acid in it, 20 types of amino acids are known.

Amino acids will also be involved in the regulation and maintenance of the body since they will also be part of enzymes or hormones.

Therefore, we can confirm that amino acids contain three functional groups: a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a radical group.

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Yogurt is an excellent way to consume calcium in the diet without having any issues for someone who is lactose intolerant because it is easier to digest than milk.

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The Hubbard Brook watershed deforestation experiment yielded all of the following results except b. Calcium levels remained high in the soil of deforested areas.

Deforestation is the purposeful clearing of forested land. during records and into modern instances, forests have been razed to make space for agriculture and animal grazing and to attain timber for fuel, production, and construction. Deforestation has greatly altered landscapes around the sector.

Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a wooded area or stands of trees from land this is then transformed into non-wooded area use. Deforestation can involve the conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or for city use. The maximum concentrated deforestation takes place in tropical rainforests.

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To prevent rabies disease, I would take the following steps;

Rabies is a viral disease caused by the rabies virus and which affect mammals. The disease is spread through the bite of an infected mammals such as dogs, bats, coyotes, foxes, skunks and raccoons.

The rabies virus infects the central nervous system of the infected mammal and produces symptoms such as  fever, headache, excess salivation, muscle spasms, paralysis and mental confusion.

The preventive measure is to vaccinate against rabies virus.

Therefore, I would vaccinate all animals against the rabies virus and also prevent entry of all unvaccinated individuals.

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The adherens junction attaches to the actin myofilaments of the cytoskeleton and the tight junctions do not attach to the actin myofilaments.

Actin is a protein that significantly contributes to the ability of muscle and other cells to contract. There are two types of it: monomeric globular actin (G-actin) and polymeric fibrous actin (F-actin), which is used for muscle contraction.

Myosin, the most prevalent protein in muscle, is made up of thick filaments that alternate and interdigitate with two long strands of bead-like actin molecules to produce a thin filament in muscle. Actin and myosin are activated when a signal for muscular contraction travels via a neuron to a muscle cell.

Myosin functions as a motor, releasing energy from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to drive a myosin filament along an actin filament, causing the two filaments to glide past one another. Tropomyosin and troponin, two additional muscle proteins, control the momentary union of actin and myosin that causes muscular contraction.

Therefore, the adherens junction attaches to the actin myofilaments of the cytoskeleton and the tight junctions do not attach to the actin myofilaments.

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The domestication of plants and animals resulted in the development of villages and cities. The growth of early settled communities contributed to the development of political and religious institutions.

The term "domestication" refers to taming an animal, growing plants for sustenance, making someone lovable and devoted at home, as well as undertaking chores related to that profession or vocation. The domestication of plants and animals in areas near the Indus, Huang he, nile, and tigris-euphrates rivers resulted in the development of villages and cities which in turn contributed to the development of political and religious institutions.

The domestication of animals refers to the mutual relationship between animals and humans who influence their care and reproduction. It means to adapt (an animal or plant) over time from a wild or natural state, particularly through selective breeding to live in close association with and to the benefit of humans.

Charles Darwin identified a select few characteristics that distinguished domesticated creatures from their wild progenitors. The process of domesticating wild flora and animals for human use. For food, labor, clothing, medicine, and a variety of other uses, domestic animals are raised.

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The aquaporins are channel proteins that form cylindrical shape, being embedded across the whole membrane. Since the protein crosses the entire membrane, it must have hydrophilic polar amino acids at the top and bottom whereas, the integral part of the channel must have hydrophobic amino acids on the outer side and hydrophilic amino acids on the inner channel side.

Aquaporins are the channel proteins that mediate the transport of water molecules across the membrane from its region of higher concentration to the region of lower water concentration, i.e. passive transport. They can also transport some very small solute particles.

Channel proteins are those involved in passive transport. They do not undergo any conformational change to transport the molecules.

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Myenteric and submucosal neurons as well as immune cells in the lamina propria all have -opioid receptors in the human gut. The gastrointestinal opioid system explained.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the drug naloxone for use in treating opioid overdoses.

It can reverse and prevent the effects of other opioids including heroin, morphine, and oxycodone because it binds to opioid receptors and is an opioid antagonist.

Because it binds to opioid receptors and inhibits or reverses the actions of other opioids, naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist.

Therefore, opiate receptors in mammalian muscle are suggested.

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The oxygen created during photosynthesis comes from water, not carbon dioxide.

By 1940, chemists began employing heavy isotopes to track photosynthetic processes. Early investigations employed water labeled with an oxygen isotope (18O). Plants that photosynthesized in the presence of H218O-containing water generated 18O-containing oxygen gas; plants that photosynthesized in normal water produced normal oxygen gas. These findings confirmed van Niel's notion that the oxygen gas created during photosynthesis is obtained from water.

Van Niel's proposal (that oxygen produced during photosynthesis originates in water rather than carbon dioxide) was significant because the popular (though invalid) theory was that oxygen was removed from carbon dioxide (rather than hydrogen from water, releasing oxygen) and carbon was then combined with water to form carbohydrate (rather than the hydrogen from water combining with CO2 to form CH2O).

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The gecko's ability to hunt insects is probably facilitated by its coloring. And This coloration likely makes it harder for the gecko to be seen by predators. Gecko has character of Camouflage which helps in terms of food and escaping from predators.

Camouflage is the concealment or disguise of anything through covering it up or altering its appearance. Something (such as a color or shape) that makes it difficult to see an animal in its immediate surroundings, protecting it from attack camouflage verb the state of being camouflaged.

The four fundamental types of camouflage are disruptive coloration, disguise, and mimicry.

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Clayton incurred a spinal cord injury, and the doctors wanted to enroll him in a clinical trial that used stem cells in the treatment. stem cells are special because they can turn into other specialized cells in the body.

Stem cells are used in stem cell transplants to replace cells lost by chemotherapy or disease, or to help the donor's immune system fight certain types of cancer and blood-related diseases such as leukemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, and multiple myeloma.

In the bone marrow

Stem cells are usually found in bone marrow (the spongy center of certain bones). This is where they divide in order to produce new blood cells. Once mature, blood cells depart the bone marrow and into the bloodstream. A tiny number of immature stem cells enter the bloodstream.

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If i was designing a policy to protect islands from invasive species, the types of islands which would be focused on is Pacific island due to the absence of natural competitors which control the ecosystem.

This is referred to organisms who aren't indigenous to an area and end up becoming overpopulated in the given area.This therefore leads to the organisms causing economic and environmental harm to the new area.

This is usually caused when there is an absence of  natural predators or competitors which control the ecosystem in the area which is the reason why there is a high increase in population growth.

The Pacific island has a very low number of these natural predators and is therefore the reason why a policy will be designed in other to protect it from invasive species.

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Answer:

one day the inside of earth would be filled with plastics and trash because of large trash fields

Explanation:

Semen creates a(n)alkaline environment for sperm to safely travel through both the male and female reproductive tracts.

In the field of biology, semen can be described as a white, slippery fluid that is released from the male reproductory organ. Semen is also referred to as the seminal fluid.

The semen of males carries the sperm cells which are required for the fertilization of the female egg. The conditions should be favorable for the process of fertilization to occur.

The natural atmosphere of the vagina of a female is acidic in nature. The sperms need a neutral environment for survival. Hence, the semen is produced alkaline in nature to prolong the lifetime of sperm cells. The alkalinity of the semen neutralizes the acidity of the vagina.

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If the climate changes early, causing their food source to bloom early, then when the birds migrate, they won't have a food source to survive on.

The act of moving a person or individuals to another country, area, place of residence, etc.; an example of this. First and foremost, moving is a typical human action. Humans have always relocated to new places from their original "country, area, and place of abode."

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The statement 'although food is not allowed in the lab, covered drinks are allowed' is false.

Strict rules are to be followed inside a lab in order for lab observations to be contamination free and also for protecting oneself from any harm.

Bringing food or drinks inside a lab can be a source of contamination to a lab as it might have some microorganisms present in it. Also, it might happen that some infectious agent from the lab might contaminate the food or drink causing serious adverse effects on the health of the lab worker.

Covered drinks should also not be allowed in labs because the infectious agents are small enough to make an entry through the covered drink. They can lead to contamination of the lab or the drink. Hence, food or covered drinks both should not be allowed in a lab.

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Answer:

EPA must impose sanctions and ultimately assume responsibility for enforcing the Clean Air Act in that State through a Federal Implementation Plan (FIP) if the State does not correct its SIP deficiency.

Explanation:

Answer:

If a state SIP isn't acceptable, what might happen? EPA must impose sanctions and ultimately assume responsibility for enforcing the Clean Air Act in that State through a Federal Implementation Plan (FIP) if the State does not correct its SIP deficiency. 5.

Answer:

b should be the correct answer.

Bacteria are a study in contradictions because each bacterium has its controversies due to growth and development in culture medium.They have made possible our understanding, at the molecular level, of hundreds of disease-relevant proteins that in turn has enabled rational drug design to improve human health.

Applications of basic research on bacteria are essential for medicine, the pharmaceutical industry, biotechnology, bioremediation, and alternative energy production. Developing these applications will demand integration of many scientific disciplines.

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Other factors in addition to light availability that are likely to limit primary production in the oceans are; CO2 concentration.

Primary production is the synthesis of new organic matter by plants and other autotrophs called primary producers.

Primary producers are autotrophic organisms producing complex organic matter, using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

According to this question, photosynthetic protists are significant producers in aquatic ecosystems. This means that they are the major producer of organic matter in the oceans and seas.

However, asides light availability, which is a strict requirement for photosynthesis, the concentration of CO2 is also a factor that can affect primary production.

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Studying the genetic basis of these behaviors reveals that changes in a single gene can have large-scale effects on even complex behaviors.

A deviation from the typical DNA sequence at a certain gene locus. Although the phrase is frequently associated with negativity, mutations (including polymorphisms) can affect cell activity in ways that are negative, positive, or neutral.

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The bond types that may be utilized to establish the tertiary structure of a protein are the non-covalent bonds.

The tertiary structure of a protein is the arrangement of a protein in the three dimensional space. It is stabilized by the non-covalent bonds. It is the level of protein structure where a protein becomes functional. The example of protein which is functional in tertiary structure is myoglobin.

Non-covalent bonds are those that are formed between different molecules rather than the atoms. No sharing of electrons occurs in this type of bonding. The examples of these bonds are: ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces, etc.

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A more genetically diverse population is better able to withstand pressures from disease or environmental change, making it less likely to become extinct over a given period of time  The minimum viable population (MVP) is minimum population size required for its sustainability over the years. The more genetically diverse population can easily adapt to changes and is less prone to extinction. Wheras small population size is easily affected by genetic drift and loss of diversity increase the risk of extinction.

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256  tetrapeptides can be made from the four amino acids: leucine, histidine, alanine, and valine. It makes use of the concept of Permutation and Combination.

A peptide bond is the covalent bond that paperwork among amino acids, linking them together.

A dipeptide has 2 amino acids bonded collectively; a tripeptide has three amino acids, and a tetrapeptide has 4 amino acids.

In this example, tetrapeptides talk to polypeptides made from four amino acid subunits. this can mean that there are four available empty spaces if you want to slot within the distinct amino acids in a while:

since there are 4 distinct amino acids to be had, and for Biology, we usually take it as a case where the amino acids positioned may be repeated, there are four(four)(4)(four) unique combinations for the institution of four amino acids.

subsequently, the range of wonderful tripeptides possible = [tex]4^{4}[/tex] = 256  

Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.

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If protein A has a pI of 3.1, protein B has a pI of 6.8, and protein C has a pI of 8.9  protein A would elute first from a cation exchange column at pH 7. Option A

This is further explained below.

Generally, An incredibly complex, naturally occurring molecule known as a protein is made up of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds.

All living things include proteins, which are the building blocks of several vital biological substances including enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.

In conclusion, Protein A would be the first protein to elute from a cation exchange column at a pH of 7 if protein A has a pI of 3.1, protein B has a pI of 6.8, and protein C has a pI of 8.9. Alternative A

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Complete question

If protein A has a pI of 3.1, protein B has a pI of 6.8, and protein C has a pI of 8.9, which protein would elute first from a cation exchange column at pH 7?

a) protein A

b) protein B

c) protein C

d) All three proteins would elute at the same time

The brain area that gets activated after being frightened is amygdala.

Brain is the largest organ and the most complex one. It is the center for regulating each and every activity of the complete body. The brain regulates the thoughts, memory, decision-making, equilibrium, posture, responses to stimulus, etc.

Amygdala is the region of the brain located  in the medial temporal lobe. It regulates the emotions and the emotional behavior of a person. It specially gets activated upon the sensing of threat and fear. The other emotions it regulates are: anger and pleasure. If the amygdala becomes non-functional in an organism, the person loses the sense of fear.

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Answer: True

Explanation: The Cell needs energy to release ADT (adenosine triphosphate)

Answer:

c) the site of photosynthesis

Explanation: